As I understand language safety. Linguistic security of Russia. My tongue is my friend

However paradoxical it may seem at first glance, one of the important factors in ensuring the national security of Russia and the surrounding states is the Russian language.

An analysis of the information aspects of Russia's national security shows that it is the Russian language that today there are quite serious threats that do not allow us to ignore this important, but not yet sufficiently understood problem.

Among these threats, four are the most important:

1. The clogging of the Russian language with terms and phrases of foreign origin, which are not characteristic of the traditions of Russian literature.

2. The increasing use of words and phrases of a slang character in Russian speech.

3. Active reduction of the Russian-language information space in the so-called. "near abroad", i.e. in the newly independent states, which until recently were the republics of the USSR.

4. The displacement of the Russian language from the "far abroad" zone and the increasing restriction of its use as one of the world's languages of international communication.

If we talk about the linguistic problems of the Russian language, then the main threats here are more and more and not due to objective necessity, the clogging of the Russian language with words and verbal expressions of foreign and slang origin. Just think about what language our students speak among themselves, what speech we hear every day on Russian radio and television channels, what language articles and notes are written in most of our newspapers and magazines today, and it will become quite clear that today the Russian language is going through such a phase its development, which should be characterized only as a deep crisis.

One of the main factors contributing to the spread in the Russian language of terms of foreign origin and words derived from these terms is the process of more and more active influence of Western culture on Russian society, which some culturologists have dubbed the process of "Westernization". The main areas in which the impact of this process is most actively manifested are mass culture, economic activity, politics and informatics.

As for mass culture, here the process of "westernization" is actively promoted by mass media intended for young people, i.e. for the most active and most sensitive to external influence part of the population of Russia.

In the field of financial and economic activity, the influence of Western terminology and previously unusual for the Russian language of speech in recent years has also noticeably increased. The reasons for this are the increased attention of workers in this sphere to Western methods of doing business, as well as the emergence in Russia of a large number of various educational centers, faculties and institutes with a pro-Western orientation in the scientific and methodological field of their activities. (More and more often we come across not only Western economic and financial terms, but also expressions that are not characteristic of the Russian language, such as "price list", "business plan", "Gorbachev Foundation", etc.)

As for the information sphere of our society, here the widespread use of American terms is observed in the field of publications in the field of informatics and computer technology. This is especially true in the field of software. This process began in the early 1970s, when a decision was made in the USSR to carry out large-scale work to create a Unified System of Electronic Computers (ES computers). At the same time, many English-language terms were borrowed, which became more and more widely used in technical documentation, as well as in articles and monographs published in Russian, often displacing previously used Russian terms.

If we analyze the reasons for this phenomenon, then they can be divided into two main groups.

The first of them are the reasons of an objective nature, due to the specifics of the very process of development of computer technology and informatics. (It is well known that in a number of areas the leadership here was taken by American companies, which control most of the world market for informatics.) The second group is made up of subjective reasons. One of them is that in recent years in Russia there has appeared and continues to be a fashion for the use of American terms in technical literature on computer technology and informatics. In this regard, a typical example can be cited when a graduate of one of our universities, applying for a job, wrote in his application form: "I speak English in the amount of the EU OS".

In 1993, in Smolensk, Vladimir Bykov's book "Russian Fenya. Dictionary of the Interjargon of Asocial Elements" was published. And today, every resident of Russia, having looked through the above edition at his leisure, will be able to personally verify that "hitting", "disassembling", "cleaning" and similar words that we hear every day not only from the mouths of radio and television announcers, but also and in the speeches of high-ranking statesmen of Russia, these are not technical terms from the lexicon of plumbers, but direct borrowings from the dictionary of representatives of the underworld. And they mean very specific actions of these representatives, very punishable even in the criminal order.

It is clear that the process of the criminalization of a society has an impact on its language. But why promote this? Indeed, while actively moving in this direction, we with a high degree of probability may find ourselves in a situation where criminal interjargon will become habitual and ubiquitous.

What are the reasons why statesmen allow themselves to speak to their fellow citizens in a language that is much more appropriate in logging or in a prison cell than in a civilized society? Do these people understand what they are doing?

The answers to these questions, I think, are best left to psychologists for now. Only one thing is clear: in an atmosphere of falsely understood pluralism and permissiveness, we will act very irresponsibly if we allow to continue to litter the Russian language with this kind of "acquisitions" from the criminal vocabulary.

The fact that the zone of active use of the Russian language in the so-called. The "near abroad" is rapidly shrinking, now it is no longer in doubt. This is due to the following three main reasons:

1. The manifestation of tendencies of national separatism in the policies of many leaders of the states-remakes.

2. Economic problems in the countries of the "near abroad", which complicate the implementation of the measures necessary for the economic, educational, methodological and organizational support of the process of preserving and developing the Russian-language information space in these countries.

3. Weakening of the traditional influence of the Russian Federation on the processes of studying and spreading the Russian language in the CIS and Baltic countries.

Another ten years will pass and a new generation of people will grow up who do not know the Russian language. And this will be an information catastrophe in which both these states themselves and Russia will suffer.

We must not forget that many millions of Russians live on the territory of these countries, who are deprived of the opportunity to give their children the necessary education in their native language and are practically cut off from their national culture. And this is already a violation of the most important human rights.

The development of a person's abilities for both abstract and logical thinking essentially depends on the richness of the language he thinks at the stake. Thus, depriving their citizens of the opportunity to deeply study the rich Russian language, modern politicians artificially limit the possibilities of their intellectual development. On the threshold of the coming information era, in which intelligence and scientific knowledge will be the most important factors of socio-economic development, this is not only short-sighted, but also strategically dangerous.

It must also be remembered that the process of forming his general worldview depends on the richness of the language in which a person is able to think. Those. The "image of the world" that is formed in our consciousness is determined not only by the level of knowledge and ideological attitudes, but also by the linguistic means with which it is formed in the process of thinking. Therefore, a deep study of a rich language is not only an important condition for the intellectualization of society, but also a way to form adequate ideas about the global picture of the world.

The Russian-language information space is shrinking in almost all countries of the world. It is practically pointless to look abroad for any Russian-language informational materials. At international exhibitions and scientific conferences, the Russian language is not used at all (except for those cases when the event is held in Russia or the CIS).

The only exception is the People's Republic of China, where interest in the Russian language has been growing in recent years. Several million people study Russian on an ongoing basis in the PRC (there is no exact data).

It is obvious that a single Russian-speaking space is our national wealth. And this wealth is now melting before our eyes. A destructive process is underway, the consequences of which are already beginning to be felt today, despite the fact that the majority of the population of the former republics of the USSR is still fluent in Russian. But a new generation is already growing up, which, most likely, will not own it like that. After all, the Russian language is not only a means of interethnic communication. This is a powerful system-forming factor, the foundation of our state. And if this foundation cracks, then there is reason to worry about the fate of the entire building.

Vladimir Potekhin

The last time the Year of the Russian language in Russia was announced was under Empress Catherine the Great. More than 300 years passed before the sovereign rulers again turned to this vital issue. What is the Year of the Russian Language for? What can he give to all of us?

On the one hand, we have loud statements by high-ranking officials about the need to respect the native language, to preserve it, on the other hand, the Russian language today is experiencing monstrous aggression. I mean the policy of the domestic media in relation to him and the dominance of the so-called. network slang that distorts our native words. On the Internet, young people mainly communicate with such words that distort the thousand-year history of the Russian language, such as: "hello", "bear", "duffay", "author", "zhzhot" and so on.

It is in the Year dedicated to the "great and mighty" that the number of hours devoted to studying the Russian language decreases in Moscow schools (204 hours versus 408 hours of a foreign language in high school!). In the Moscow basic curriculum, since September 2007, in the elementary grades, an enhanced study of foreign languages has been introduced at the expense of Russian, respectively, the salary of teachers of a foreign language will be doubled. Teachers of the Russian language fall into the category of discriminated against according to their professional qualities. Moscow children are deprived of the right to know their native language, they are forced to study someone else's speech. Questions arise: for what kind of life, in what country are our children trained? Will a person come out into adulthood who knows his native language mediocrely, but has a decent command of a foreign language, a person cut off from the Russian language environment, a rootless cosmopolitan, brought up in the spirit of tolerance, political correctness and equidistance?

Today, university students practically do not study the Russian language and Russian literature, even at the philological faculties, the history of the Russian literary language fits into the framework of just a few lectures.

In secondary educational institutions, events dedicated to the Year of the Russian Language are almost never held. There are no holidays, no literary evenings, no Days of Native Speech.

Well, in the media themselves, you will not hear a word in defense of the Russian language. The speech of TV and radio presenters is replete with jargon and foreign words, the meaning of words is distorted from ignorance of the correct accent, thus the announcers and persons of the mass media act as a kind of linguistic terrorists.

It was in the Year of the Russian Language that many shows appeared on TV channels, in which everything related to Russian culture and the Russian language was violated. Today the speech of K. Sobchak, Lolita, M. Shvydkoy and other outspoken Russophobes is given out for the "correct" language. The word "Russian" has practically become a synonym for everything the most vile, criminal and disgusting. You hear more often: "Russian mafia", "Russian prostitutes", "Russian chanson", "Russian fascism" than - "Russian character", "Russian people", "Russian identity". Soon, it will probably be forbidden to pronounce "Russian".

Responsible for the Year of the Russian Language are First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev, Minister of Education and Science of Russia Andrei Fursenko and Adviser to the President of the Russian Federation Dzhakhan Pollyeva. As you can see, in the leadership of the Organizing Committee for the Year of the Russian Language there was no place for either outstanding contemporary Russian writers or outstanding scholars, philologists and historians.

Events dedicated to the Year of the Russian Language were held in 86 countries. The opening of the Year took place in Lithuania, Kyrgyzstan and China. It is planned to hold events within the framework of the Year of the Russian Language in Latin America and in many other countries. And most Russians do not know that 2007 is the Year of the Russian Language. Even the Russian Language Week festival that took place in Moscow in June did not become a tribune where acute and vital issues of language security would be discussed and ways out of the current catastrophic situation would be outlined. Not a single high-ranking official has found time to attend the festival, and practically not a word was said about the progress and results of the "Week of the Russian Language" in the media.

Sad examples ... As a result, the action loudly proclaimed by the President looks like a mockery, as a mockery and mockery of our language and our people. The Russians have already taken away their territory, have taken away their history, and now they are trying to take away their native language.

Today, in conditions of aggravated problems of language security, the Law "On the Protection of the Russian Language" is vitally important. Obviously, in the new conditions, when Russia is proclaimed a country that will host the XXII Winter Olympic Games in 2014, it is necessary to create a permanent body to develop the main provisions of this Law. Russia is obliged not only to protect and defend its state language, but also to wisely use the received Olympic status to preserve the Russian-speaking space abroad and spread Russian culture among the population of foreign states.

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1. Linguistic security of the country

linguistic security Russian consciousness

In Crimea, they speak and write in Russian.

With all the differences in the features of the domestic and international situation, political forces and the scenarios themselves, according to which events developed in 1917 that led to the collapse of the Russian Empire, and in the early 90s of the last century - to the collapse of the USSR, there is something that unites these large-scale geopolitical catastrophes. It seems that in both cases, one of the important goals set by the internal and external initiators of destructive processes was the breakdown of the geopolitical code of the state as a historically established system of political relations with the outside world, providing a certain state status at the global, regional and local levels. The geopolitical code of the state in general includes national interests and values, the accepted scale for identifying dangers, risks, challenges and threats and possible ways to neutralize them. According to political scientist Igor Okunev, the geopolitical code contains answers to key questions: who are the allies and opponents of the state, how to keep current allies and attract potential ones, how to resist current opponents and prevent the emergence of potential ones, and, most importantly, how to explain the choice made to the citizens of the country and the international community. ?

The stability of the geopolitical code is achieved by ensuring all types of security: international, national, state, political, military, economic, spiritual, informational.

In the above-mentioned historical events, the forces interested in decisively breaking the existing order of things, as tools to achieve their goals, relied on the intensification of the exploitation of criticality and the creation in the Russian Empire and the USSR of an atmosphere of controlled chaos in the administrative-state, socio-economic and cultural-ideological spheres of management. collective activities of people. Each of these spheres has its own rather ramified specificity, therefore, within the framework of this article, it is intended to consider only a part of the issues related to the problems of using linguopsychological methods of informational influence on the individual and mass consciousness.

The field of struggle - information space

If in the previous strategies of influencing the geopolitical code the factors of non-violent forms of struggle played a subordinate role, now the strategies of actions in the global information space, saturated with social networks uncontrolled by the authorities, have come to the fore. That is why, in the design of the model of controlled chaos, its creators assigned an important place to the system of monitoring the situation and, above all, the mood of society in the interests of subsequent influence and manipulation of them. It is characteristic that if at the beginning of the century the speed of information passage was relatively low, then in modern conditions it became possible to control in real time, which significantly increases the dynamics and synergetics of the activities carried out.

Within the framework of the existing algorithms of information-network warfare, the model of controlled chaos is aimed at ensuring control over multi-vector and not always conscious motivations and, in general, the behavior of a wide range of participants in social processes. The use of information-network impact technologies provides the necessary coverage from local to global scale. The essence of the activities is to create conditions for the hidden management of the cultural and ideological sphere in order to transform the mental field of the population of the target country by reorienting, weakening, and then destroying the traditional spiritual and cultural values of the people.

Thus, mechanisms for managing the behavior of large masses of people are formed, whose consciousness, due to the purposeful use of existing network resources (the Internet, television, cinema, literature, the potential of some educational programs, informal organizations and religious sects), gradually loses sensitivity to the impact and at the same time is saturated with the necessary ideas and values. Anesthesia of consciousness in combination with information invasion is carried out to the accompaniment of statements about the allegedly purely voluntary acceptance by the population of a new cognitive model - an image of the desired picture of the world, formed by the population of the target state on the basis of ideas dictated and suggested to it. These ideas themselves are designed to demonstrate to a person the advantages of a supposedly more civilized and highly developed West in comparison with the backward and long-lost values and interests that underlie the worldview sphere of society in his own country.

Within the framework of such a strategy, the cognitive model carries out a targeted impact of the system of propaganda, psychological, informational and other events coordinated in terms of goals, place and time, both on the consciousness of an individual and on "sensitive points" (decision-making centers) of administrative-state (political) management. , including the sphere of ensuring all types of security, socio-economic, cultural and ideological spheres.

My tongue is my friend

As applied to Russia and its partners in the CIS, for many years, one of the priority goals of the sowers of controlled chaos in the cultural and ideological sphere has been the Russian language. Back in 1948, US Secretary of State Allen Dulles said: “To destroy the USSR, you don't need an atomic bomb, you just need to convince the peoples that they can do without knowing the Russian language. Economic, cultural and other ties will be broken. The state will cease to exist. " The USSR no longer exists, but multinational Russia remains, the CIS remains, and they face the same fate if urgent measures are not taken to ensure the linguistic security of the Russian language as a national, interethnic and world language.

According to the academician of the Russian Academy of Education (RAO) Irina Khaleeva, the problem of ensuring linguistic security is based on the study of aspects of the "collective unconscious" that forms the mentality of the individual, as well as a certain community - cultural, historical, social, ethnic. At the same time, the Russian mentality, to the maximum extent devoid of ethnic coloring, which has been formed for centuries as a result of the interaction of many ethnic mentalities, includes all the positive experience of such interaction in the political, social and personal aspects.

In this context, ensuring the linguistic security of the Russian language as a language of interethnic communication is largely due to the fact that, in geopolitical terms, Russia, as a great Eurasian power, is called upon, along with other functions, to solve the problem of maintaining a dialogue between the civilizations of the West and the East. For many centuries, such an intercultural dialogue has practically been embodied in the cultural and linguistic interaction of the peoples of Russia, which ultimately allows us today to talk about the formation of the foundation of the all-Russian culture, which cements the nation-wide Russian language. The connecting role of the Russian language determined the logic of the processes that each time led to the restoration of the Russian state in a new political reality based on well-known economic, political and socio-cultural factors. That is why the Russian language, literature, Russian history have been and remain priority objects of influence from the forces seeking to split Russia and the CIS.

With regard to our partners and allies in the complex of social aspects of linguistic security, a serious threat is posed by the tendency in some CIS countries to oust the Russian language from the spheres of communication, from education. This is due to the fact that giving the Russian language the status of a state language destroys the plans of the authors of "orange technologies" and the national power elites to build a state with a significant and often predominant anti-Russian component in politics.

Therefore, a paradoxical picture is emerging, when today in most of the CIS states the Russian language is widespread, but at the same time it is often supplanted in the course of state policy, primarily education policy. It is in this budgetary sphere that the real course of the state manifests itself. For example, the fact that in Ukraine university entrance exams are accepted only in Ukrainian, that the number of Russian schools is decreasing, is a consequence of state policy. And a similar situation or even worse - in other CIS states.

This is what the status of the Russian language looks like in the CIS countries. Belarus - the status of the state, Kyrgyzstan - the status of the official. This is a solid regulatory framework for the use and protection of the Russian language in these two republics.

In all other CIS republics, the status of the Russian language is rather shaky. In Ukraine, the state language is Ukrainian. The Russian language has no state or official status. Since 2012, it has been recognized as a regional language in the southeastern regions of the country and in Sevastopol, and has a number of official functions in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. For many years there has been a discussion in the country about giving the Russian language the status of a second state or official language. No results yet.

In educational institutions of Latvia there are still small islands where Russian is spoken. Photo from www.baltialv.lv

In Kazakhstan, the state language is Kazakh. Legally, the Russian language can be "officially used on a par with the Kazakh language in state organizations and self-government bodies." Moldova - after the adoption of the law on the language and the Romanization of the Moldovan language, the Russian language lost its state status, but retained the status of the language of interethnic communication. Tajikistan: the state language is Tajik, Russian is the language of interethnic communication. Armenia and Uzbekistan: the language of the national minority. Azerbaijan: the status is not legally regulated.

Thus, it is only in Belarus that Russian is the state language along with Belarusian, and in Kyrgyzstan it is the official language along with Kyrgyz. With regard to other republics, we are talking about the tendency of ousting the Russian language, which has a most destructive effect on the social and communicative aspects of the life of citizens of Russia and the CIS.

In Georgia, where Russian is currently the second most used language after Georgian, a large-scale program has been launched since September 2010 to attract volunteer English language teachers. It is planned to bring the total number of such enthusiasts to 10 thousand and, with their help, find a worthy alternative to the Russian language.

Russian culture code

For the national subjects of the Russian Federation, attempts to oust the Russian language from domestic political, economic and cultural life and switch mainly to the language of the titular nation carry the danger of isolationism and weaken the sovereign role of the federal government.

In his article "Russia: the national question", published in "Nezavisimaya Gazeta", Vladimir Putin raises the question of the preservation of the Russian cultural dominant, noting that not only ethnic Russians are its bearers. “This is the cultural code that has undergone serious trials in recent years, which has been and is being cracked. And yet it certainly survived. At the same time, it must be nourished, strengthened and protected ”. ("NG" No. 7, 23.01.12). Vladimir Putin noted that education plays a huge role here. And first of all, we should talk about increasing the role of such subjects as the Russian language, Russian literature, Russian history in the educational process - naturally, in the context of the entire wealth of national traditions and cultures. What is the influence of the components of the geopolitical code on solving the problems of ensuring the linguistic security of the Russian language at the present stage? It seems that in relation to Russia, groups of constructive and destructive factors influence the sphere of ensuring linguistic security.

The large population, the still high educational and cultural level of the peoples of the Russian Federation, the age-old traditions of their cohabitation, the presence of a single linguistic and cultural space contribute to the strengthening of linguistic security.

Factors with a destructive orientation include: a decrease in the population, a serious disproportion in its distribution over the and internal forces, illegal migration, the preservation of hotbeds of interethnic conflicts, the emergence of a large number of pseudo-religious sects, the growth of religious extremism and xenophobia. There is still no single textbook on the Russian language, literature and history for Russian schools. Separately, it is worth mentioning the outlined decline in interest in the study of Russian as a foreign language in a number of European countries.

The preservation of the cultural and civilizational code in Russia based on the Russian language during the years of the greatest trials made it possible to ensure the unity of the country. In this context, a very real threat to the integrity of Russia and the CIS is obvious, emanating from political technologies of controlled chaos, as a result of which values, including cultural and linguistic ones, are eroded, the state is declared ineffective, internal conflicts are provoked, and elites are purposefully transformed.

An effective way to counteract such attempts is to form in each of the CIS countries a nationally oriented leading stratum of society, a national elite, which considers the development of cooperation with Russia a priority. It is extremely important that the national elites of the CIS countries include significant groups of people who speak Russian. From this point of view, it is important to convey to every member of the national elite that the Russian language is certainly necessary for the realization of the individual as a person, both in his own country and abroad. It is also important to understand that doing business with CIS neighbors is impossible without knowledge of the Russian language. Numerous labor migrants also need the Russian language. At the same time, the Russian national elite should be encouraged to learn the languages of their neighbors.

In this regard, it is obvious that there is a need for broad support in the CIS states of the strategy of bilingual education, that is, teaching people to speak at least two languages, including Russian. Bilingual education strategies have long been successfully implemented in many European countries.

This approach has also been established in our country, where, in connection with the adoption of laws on language in the national republics - subjects of the Russian Federation, state bilingualism has been formed, which is characterized by the coexistence of the Russian language as the state language throughout Russia and the languages of the titular peoples - the subjects of the Russian Federation. It is precisely this state bilingualism based on a solid legal basis that is an important guarantee of both linguistic and, in a broader sense, national security of Russia.

Globalization at the level of consciousness

The subject of separate consideration is the negative impact on the linguistic security of world globalization processes with a characteristic tendency for them to establish uniform standards of behavior in the economic, political, informational and cultural spheres. Particularly dangerous is the foreign linguistic expansion, which has a most destructive effect on the social and communicative aspects of the life of Russian citizens. Closely related to this problem is the emerging unipolar orientation of society towards one of the world languages, which is positioned by the West as the only and irreplaceable means of global communication. This negative trend can be resisted, among other things, by establishing the Russian language as the main working language within the framework of communication exchanges in the Customs Union, the Common Economic Space, and the Eurasian Union.

The external deformations of the Russian language are especially noticeable today in the field of information technology. The Russian language used in the mass media (the Internet and related computer literature, equipment and instructions for using mobile communications, the video market) is extremely clogged with English-language words. In many cases, these words carry a higher semantic load than the words of the Russian language, that is, the Russian language in such texts is clearly assigned an auxiliary role. Despite the legislative acts we have adopted to limit such expansion, the practical results of their implementation are still insignificant.

It must be admitted that the mentioned process of littering the Russian language with English words is largely objective. About 70% of all sites on the World Wide Web are located in the United States, while 96% of all commercial sites are in English. We did not have the first personal computers, the Internet and mobile phones. Hence the dominance of foreign words in the spheres associated with these and many other innovations, which today determine technological progress. The way out is obvious - to develop domestic culture, education and science, high-tech industries and to offer our own conceptual apparatus (remember how naturally the Russian word "satellite" entered the international lexicon at one time).

Another danger is the clogging of the Russian language with profanity, concepts borrowed from criminal jargon. This process is also going on with the participation of some domestic officials, business people who, without embarrassment, and sometimes not realizing due to the frequent use of such words in everyday communication, use slang expressions in their speeches in front of television cameras. However, there are also positive signals from the front of the struggle for the purity of the language. As one of the heads of the Federal Penitentiary Service said recently, employees in correctional institutions should speak with convicts in Russian, and not "by a hairdryer." A good example of going in the right direction.

It is appropriate here to quote the thought expressed by Alexander Solzhenitsyn in one of his interviews. When asked whether the Russian language and Russian literature are dying, in the sense that they will never reach, let alone surpass the samples (not even the heights) of the 19th and 20th centuries, Solzhenitsyn replied: “Despite the current reckless clogging of the Russian language with frivolous jargon and the influx of Anglo-American vocabulary (I mean not the natural use of technical terminology, but fashionable, comically important interceptions) - I firmly believe that the Russian language will not shake and will not let itself be irretrievably littered - as long as there is at least a remnant of the Russian people on Earth ... The same applies to Russian literature. Despite the abundant littering, it retains a clear and conscientious basis and will also give us samples that support our spirit and consciousness. "

Countering Threats and Challenges

What measures can be taken to counter threats and challenges in the field of linguistic security?

Apparently, we need to start by improving the legal and regulatory framework. There is a need to develop a Concept of Linguistic Security of the Russian Federation, which should be an effective tool for protecting the state and living national (regional) languages of the peoples of our country, protecting the rights of the Russian-speaking population abroad in the linguistic sphere, and strengthening the CIS.

A unified textbook on the Russian language, literature and Russian history for Russian schools is needed.

It is necessary to outline the ways of implementing a balanced national-language policy of Russia in interstate relations with the CIS countries, in particular, in the direction of finding optimal solutions in the field of protecting the linguistic and cultural rights of compatriots - Russian-speaking diasporas, who often make up a significant part of the population of these states. This is especially true for Ukraine and the Baltic countries.

Counteract the influence of certain international forces on the political elite of the CIS member states and attempts to organize orange revolutions there. To form international coalitions "according to interests", for example, from among the states of the Caspian region, interested in the joint development of the opportunities opening up there.

An important task is to spread the Russian language as a means of international communication. This can be achieved, in particular, by increasing the number of foreign students in Russian universities in order to increase the share of our country in the training of future leaders and specialists for the countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Along with the solution of a set of political and economic tasks that are most important for Russia, such an approach will objectively contribute to strengthening the position of the Russian language in the world. There is a need to develop a unified standard for the study of Russian as a foreign language.

This far from complete list of measures requires serious work - from ensuring the safety of foreign students to developing programs, improving the qualifications of teachers, creating branches in various areas, solving many other issues to form an attractive image of Russian universities, increasing the prestige and status of Russian education, including military education.

Purposeful activities in this area, combined with further steps to strengthen the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, will help prevent its isolation, ensure integration into the world community, and ensure Russia's national security in the context of globalization.

2. Russian language and safety

In modern conditions, the prospects for the development of society directly depend on the ability of the state to maintain and protect the national system of values. Politics, economics, defense, ethnic, cultural, linguistic and other components of the security of the Russian Federation, more than ever in the past, are conditioned by the state of mind, moods, value orientations, the state of consciousness of citizens and the people in general.

For the self-determination of a nation, the real goals of the country are very important, for the achievement of which, in turn, an intellectual and volitional resource is needed, as well as a certain level of organization of consciousness in order to perceive and realize these goals, this promising plan.

The national security of Russia is damaged if self-identification, self-determination of a person as a resident of Russia or a Russian becomes difficult, if education does not form new ways of responding to the processes taking place in the technological infrastructure and public consciousness, if there are conditions in the structure of education that distort or destroy the consciousness and self-consciousness of a person if education is incorrectly built into the structure of society and its economic complex, etc.

The convergence of education and security issues presupposes a strategic view of the role of education in the development of Russian society. In the context of the deployment of information wars and information and psychological aggression, the strategic role of education in terms of protecting consciousness is determined by the fact that there is no other specialized organizational and technological reality comparable in power to the mass media, capable of creating in the individual and public consciousness deep mechanisms of self-determination and information -cultural immunity.

The impact of education on the security of the country is determined by the extent to which it reduces or increases the level of intellectual and volitional potential of the population in comparison with other countries. How does it ensure the development of high technologies by the younger generation? To what extent is education orienting young people to tackle the key pressing problems they face in the current century? Does education create a "deep patriotism" built into the minds of the architectonics of the native language, or does it educate a potential emigrant who, if not himself leaves for Canada, then orient his children to a similar life perspective? How should the concepts and programs of national schools (Russian, Tatar, Jewish, etc.) relate to regional programs for the development of education and the idea of a unified Russian education system? What status should the Russian language have? To what extent does education destroy or strengthen the cultural immunity of citizens, making them susceptible or impervious to information and psychological influences?

On the other hand, what are the conditions for the formation on the basis of education of citizens of Russia with an open, healthy, and not isolated, chauvinistically sick type of consciousness? Here it is generally appropriate to raise the question of the influence of education on the change in the mentality of the country's population.

To what extent does secondary and higher vocational education ensure the inclusion of the younger generation in the modern economic life of the country, in the productive forms of highly effective highly paid labor, or does education, divorced from the realities of the emerging market economy, create conditions for the criminalization of youth? An extremely important issue for the country's security is the issue of Russia's educational policy in relation to our compatriots living in the near abroad. Will they be driven into the cultural underground or will they have the opportunity to develop and master the Russian multinational culture? the general climate of relations and the level of mutual understanding between Russia and the CIS states depend on this.

Education, in addition to solving its own internal, enormous importance of the task of forming the intellect and will of the nation, is directly related to the processes of state building, the country's defense and reforms in the army, national security, the harmonization of national relations in a single Russian space, the health of Russians, economic transformations and industrial development. , breakthrough projects of the XXI century. On the basis of a properly built education policy, a completely different turn of economic reforms is possible, when educated people are not cut off from transformations, but, on the contrary, are active builders of a new emerging market economy.

In order to ensure Russia's national interests in the context of a global information-psychological confrontation, Russia should begin to develop and implement a number of systemic humanitarian projects aimed at "soft" reflection of information-psychological aggression (which we observed in the Western media in connection with Georgia's aggression in South Ossetia ) and educating the population, especially young people, the ability to resist humanitarian interventions (interventions) of all types.

The state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of the protection of individual and social consciousness should ensure the formation in every citizen of Russia of an awareness of statehood and oneself in statehood, the ability to build, restore and preserve Russia as a world power.

One of the priority directions of the state's activities to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation is the protection of the national education system as a global technology for the reproduction of traditional consciousness, which is designed to ensure the proper level of resistance of the country's population to information and psychological impact.

In this context, a completely new role of the school and pedagogy is highlighted. The computerization of the school is of special, fateful importance, which (as long as it is understood technically and technologically, and not humanitarian and ideological) is nothing more than a Trojan horse, diligently and voluntarily dragged by us into our own classes. What will we reap from this abundant information crops?

Informational and psychological impact on the consciousness of a person and the people as a whole is carried out mainly through the linguistic environment and through the language. Modification of a specific people through the creation of "supporting psychosemantic structures" in the individual and public consciousness greatly simplifies the process of re-identification of the population. Purposeful introduction of borrowings into consciousness leads to a gradual displacement of traditional verbal norms and a weakening of information and cultural immunity.

When this process is controlled by an information aggressor, it leads to short-term and long-term changes in the state of the information environment and consciousness that meet the requirements of the adversary, which inevitably affects the processes of cultural and national identification.

Language as one of the basic aspects of national identity in conditions of constant information confrontation, just like education, is a target of information-psychological aggression. Active protection of the language environment is the most important aspect of the national security of the Russian Federation.

The author of Literaturnaya Gazeta, Yu.V. Krupnov, believes that the uniqueness of this type of security is given by its special subject, held in the correct Russian language. This item? national or folk identity, that is, the very ability of the people to correctly perceive and continue their history, to preserve and protect their own originality and initiative, not to allow literal recollection (that is, hobby with other people's words), transformation of their linguistic generic or genetic code. This item? identity? it is extremely important also because behind it is the ability to control consciousness and either empower or destroy national consciousness and self-consciousness. It is worth recalling that abroad all developments around language policy and identity are deeply classified, disappeared from the open press in 1993-1994. Was it the same in the late 1930s? the beginning of the 1940s, when developments in atomic energy disappeared from the open press.

Language is a fairly stable system, but under the influence of unfavorable socio-economic factors and targeted manipulations, a kind of "fatigue" can accumulate in it, characterized by a decrease in cultural immunity, resistance to "information viruses" of various origins. The ability of "information viruses" for self-development, reproduction, and infection of social systems, individual and social consciousness is the mechanism by which the identity of a nation is destroyed.

It is quite obvious to us that the "immune system" of our social and cultural organization is far from being in the best shape. One of the signs of this trouble is a sharp decline in the value-motivational rating of the Russian language among other basic values of life. The simplest indicator of this circumstance is the amount of financial resources allocated by the parent corps to pay for tutoring services in various academic subjects. The advantage that English has in comparison with Russian is simply appalling. Parents associate the success of their children in life with their knowledge of English and make any efforts about the Russian language only because of the university entrance exams.

At the same time, it would be wrong to understand language solely as a suffering and passive object. In the language system itself there is a mechanism for self-preservation, self-defense and self-development. Moreover, the phenomenon of language is unique and invaluable for its nation-forming ability. History knows the facts when the military conquerors, who conquered tribes and states with fire and sword, lost their language, which was dissolved in the language of the conquered peoples, and ultimately suffered cultural defeat. Now, when “before the eyes of one generation it was possible to blow up and, possibly, to break Russia” (S.G. Kara-Murza), when the loss of “common sense” by the national consciousness is obvious to everyone, we must turn to the Russian language as a tool for improving ourselves ... The whole question is in understanding the triggers of this self-healing. But one must understand that the self-protective resource of a language is not infinite, that it is capable of being eroded and destroyed, that it is connected by blood ties with other spheres of life of peoples and countries: political, economic, religious, general cultural.

The need to protect the language periodically pops up in the public mind. Another wave of "protection" has unfolded in the last six months on the pages of the press and in the State Duma. In official documents, the issue really boils down to protection, protection, shielding the language from influence, to the observance of "purity", etc.

Apparently, the focus of the "defenders" on the forms of language and on various kinds of conservation technologies is connected with the fact that this question is left to the mercy of linguists, although psychological wars and methods of waging them, the laws of cultivating a worldview, teaching and upbringing? the subject of completely different spheres, professions and specializations. Historical lessons have shown the inconsistency of limiting the impact of various kinds on consciousness and culture, the strategic ineffectiveness of any kind of censorship, filters, "curtains", etc. The introduction of "linguistic censorship" in a spontaneously developing culture contradicts the very idea of cultural self-development, therefore, this approach should, of course, be left in the past. However, this does not mean that we can only passively contemplate what is happening, especially since our information opponents are not sitting idly by.

An example of a global operation to re-identify the population, which was carried out through language thanks to prohibitive practice, can be considered the introduction into the cultural space of the USSR in 1960? 1970s English-speaking music, when, due to censorship and the absence of domestic music of similar styles and trends, the ground was prepared for the expansion of the English language not in a pragmatic, but in a worldview, value plan.

Education and the sphere of culture in this sense had to act ahead of the pace of global trends, but on their own historical, cultural and linguistic basis. In this regard, the example with the Tatar language in Naberezhnye Chelny is illustrative. The effectiveness of the efforts to rehabilitate and develop the Tatar language, undertaken by the Republic of Tatarstan at the cost of huge organizational and financial costs, is simply ridiculous compared to the effect of popularity that was created for the language by a single singer who sang songs in the Tatar language, but in a musical style that is close modern youth. Even Russian guys, leaving the city and the republic for distant lands, took with them notes in the Tatar language.

Of course, there is a list of problems that can be resolved at the legislative level in a prohibitive or restrictive regime. This concerns the reduction of unjustified borrowing of foreign words, the limitation of the volume of music and song radio broadcasting in foreign languages, the observance of consumer rights when printing product labels and instructions, etc. In any case, the list of such restrictions is very narrow. It must remain within the generally accepted limits of world practice. A reference point here can be France, which is experiencing similar problems with us, which even has a ministry (!) Of the French language. It was the French who were the first to acutely feel the problem of language security in the mid-1960s. and translated this problem into an academic and legislative plane, strictly defining the boundaries of changing the French language and the norms of speech.

Other countries have thrown their main forces on cultural policy and advanced targeted funding of their own language education and national literature. Such measures are less conspicuous, but more effective in the long run.

Problems arise precisely when the list of "restrictions" is unjustifiably expanded. Even the banal works: the forbidden fruit is sweet, not to mention the subtle technologies of targeted influence, such as the Soros Foundation, which is carrying out a global management operation to shift the meanings of educational policy.

Through the continuous production of educational literature, the provision of grants for educational and methodological developments of a certain modality and orientation, an "information virus" is being actively introduced into the teaching and society. Everything would be fine if such a transformation did not overshadow, displace the already driven underground function of education as a means of projecting the prospects for statehood, as a mechanism for nurturing industrial and technological “growth zones” and “breakthrough points”, as a tool for cultivating and developing national identity.

An alternative to “restrictive strategies” could be the existence of a nationwide system of cultural and linguistic expertise, making all types of information aggression aimed at the language system, at the individual and public consciousness, visible and obvious to the population.

In order to actively counter the aggression directed against the state language of the Russian Federation or acting through the language, a special state structure can be created to carry out systematic legislative and informational work aimed at protecting and promoting the Russian language in the world community. The overriding task of such activity, which provides preventive protection against aggressive influences, is to develop the program "Russian as a world language".

Regardless of the comprador smirks about the futility of this kind of work, it must be systematically carried out at least for the sake of tens of millions of Russian-speaking people living outside of Russia. It must be carried out at least for the sake of our own geopolitical interests in the Slavic world, where we are losing not so much economically as we are losing in the cultural and linguistic spheres. It should be carried out also because a similar program is being implemented, for example, by Malaysia, in which a special committee “Malaysian language as a world language” operates under the president ...

In the context of information and psychological wars unfolding in the sphere of values, language, educational systems, which are much more global and destructive than all our “local conflicts” taken together, information, psychological and other humanitarian means are more promising than the most sophisticated notions of a straightforward, “ assault thinking ”, which defines the strategies and technologies of national security today.

Neither the doctrine of "information security", nor the "doctrine of education", nor the prohibitive and restrictive measures planned by various "language" and "spelling" commissions, at any intensity of their efforts, unfortunately, do not carry a systemic solution that could provide real protection of the language, individual and social consciousness. Protection at least at such a level to stop the tendency of turning into a “country of emigrants in reverse”. Conversations that the systemic causes of the "brain drain" and "golden hands" from the country have economic roots are beneficial to our ideological and geopolitical opponents. They say that the fish is looking for where it goes deeper ... An easily assimilated axiom, dullly smothering the essence of the matter, disguising the processes of purposeful re-identification of Russian peoples.

The falsity of the economic underpinnings of the marginal-emigrant mentality of our person is illustrated by the following fact. Oddly enough, it is the Russian population that is most susceptible to the “tumbleweed” trend. Residents of the Tatar, Bashkir or Avar villages to go "over the hill" come to mind much less often. This fact requires its own special understanding, as well as the fact that in Siberia, for example, between the Russian and Tatar villages, the striking difference is not in favor of the Russian one. This difference manifests itself in the way the courtyards are kept, how the fence and shutters are painted. If in Tatarstan this difference can be explained by the administrative and political properties, then the situation in other regions suggests a historical, cultural, ethnopsychological? exclusively humanitarian, value, cultural? search direction.

The reason for the dominance of the "defensive-defense" ideology in the sphere of "protection of consciousness", perhaps, lies in the personnel of the structures dealing with the problems of the safety of consciousness (information-psychological security, etc.). The vast majority of involved professionals? military technicians and production workers from the defense sector, for whom psychology, pedagogy, psychophysiology? this is the "bird's tongue". Specialists with a technical way of thinking, accustomed to a mathematically rigorous substantiation of any argument, due to the high, but flux-like culture of thinking, cannot respect pedagogy, which has survived until the 21st century, but has not been able to determine its subject. After all, no one has yet put an end to the discussion about whether it is a science of pedagogy or an art. Despite the arrogance of the "strict" sciences in relation to pedagogy, it is she who is called upon to solve its specific tasks, including the problems of cultural immunity, love for the Russian language, and motivation for learning in general.

The trouble is that even those who specialize in education and upbringing, in particular, administrative and scientific workers of the education system, miss the most important, in our opinion, key component of the "linguistic security" of the country and the people. This is a question about the attitude towards language, literally about the love of language, about the ability to enjoy the language, savor an intelligent, well-aimed and beautiful word. This ability can rightfully be considered the "main language ability." Regardless of whether the education system understands this or not, but it is in its depths, at school, that a state of affairs has developed that the overwhelming majority of the Russian people are killing the cultural and genetic ability for self-development in the language. Extinction of the spirit? this is what grammatical shagistika and literary anatomy pour out into.

Question about the Russian language? this is, of course, not a narrowly educational, but a general cultural issue. Native language? this is what surrounds a person every day from the moment of his birth. This is the closest cultural environment for its development. And therefore the question of the strategic rehabilitation of the Russian language? this is by no means a question of educational standards and Russian language textbooks. Whatever the textbooks and educational technologies for teaching a language, the formation of a language occurs primarily not at school, but in that natural environment of language culture that surrounds us every day and which forms our linguistic instinct, supports our sense of language, our linguistic national dignity. From this, however, it does not follow that textbooks have the right to be linguistically poor, that a Russian lesson has the right to be boring and boring, and the school can put up with the fact that children do not like Russian lessons.

And the scariest thing is that a philologist, having tackled the problem of teaching a language, takes it for granted that language? extremely difficult, often boring. And the Methodist scientist may not think so, but to increase the attractiveness of the Russian lesson, he cannot think of anything else but to hang bells on verbs, or tie bows on cases, or conjugate with a tilt and bow with a slap. As if there is no such universal depth, this unearthly beauty, this brightest expressiveness in the Russian language, in order to awaken in the student an immense interest in the native word, in the language by the very subject.

Therefore, the most important task that needs to be urgently addressed? it is the formation of motivational technologies that can ensure the satisfaction of all the listed needs. If we try to express in a nutshell the main meaning of the upcoming work, then it boils down to changing the paradigm of school language education to the paradigm of love for language.

All these grammatical and literary "squats" take 95% of the study time, plus a similar job at home. It follows from this that in the lessons of the Russian language and literature there is nothing for the soul, for the heart, there is no productive life in the language that educates, but is it better to say? gives birth to a linguistic personality. What can you expect at the exit? Exactly what we have: before, there were inscriptions in Russian in Parisian toilets, and now in native porches and elevators more and more in English. But seriously? ..

It is quite serious time to say that the process of re-identification of the population has reached alarming proportions. Our pupils do not have cultural immunity, they are susceptible to information and psychological influence; language? deep, a priori? patriotism, which did not raise doubts about its existence thirty years ago, is now inherent only in the inhabitants of the CIS countries, where the linguistic feeling is exacerbated by deprivation and discrimination. A simple test for the validity of this statement? the number of native songs that young people know by heart and can sing in comparison with grandmothers and mothers. This implies what is planned for Russia: if the population of our country does not decrease to 30-40 million for demographic reasons, it will decrease for identification reasons. And this cannot be allowed!

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Transcript

1 Yu. N. Biryukova * Linguistic security and language policy in the modern Russian context Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language is a treasure, this is a heritage passed down to us by our predecessors! Treat this powerful tool with respect: in the hands of the skilled, it can perform miracles. I. S. Turgenev At present, the problem of linguistic security of communication in modern Russian society is becoming more and more urgent. Nevertheless, it is poorly studied and insufficiently developed in science. All modern definitions and characteristics of safety do not fundamentally contradict each other and boil down to the fact that safety is a certain state of an object, system, interconnection, interaction and correlation of the entire set of conditions and factors that ensure the preservation, security, functioning, development and improvement of objects, systems ... This is "an internal property of a stable system in conditions of conflict, risk, threats." This can be rightfully attributed to the language system. In scientific articles on security, language appears in two aspects: as an object for various kinds of threats and as a means, method, condition for achieving or maintaining security. * Senior Lecturer of the Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Disciplines of the Russian State University for the Humanities, a branch in Saratov. Romanovich A.L. Prospects for development and security: philosophical and methodological problems. M., S. 25.Biryukova Yu. N., 20

2 68 LEGAL CULTURE 20 2 () Linguistic security is a relatively new concept that has not yet received a proper systemic description in science. Most often, the concept of linguistic security is discussed in the context of problems of national security, information security, linguistic sovereignty and language policy. We represent linguistic security as an integral part of the national security of the state, although this is not enshrined at the legislative level. By linguistic security, we mean a stable state of the language, in which its safe existence is maximally ensured, the preservation of integrity, the ability for self-development and self-improvement, despite adverse internal and external influences. Mutual reflection and mutual formation of the categorical structure of language and the categorical structure of human thinking determine the certain independence of language, which is expressed in the presence of its own internal laws of its development. At the same time, language "accompanies" the entire practical life of people, their social being, since the main function of language is communicative. Language is the main means of communication. Thanks to the language, it becomes possible for a person-specific form of transferring social experience, cultural norms and traditions, through the language the continuity of the historical consciousness of the people is realized. Language is a reflection of the level of culture of a given nation. The external environment affects the structure of the language more or less directly, for example, when new words appear, when their meanings change. However, it can also act in an obvious way indirectly through the contact of languages, the formation of the literary form of the language and its impact on the folk-spoken form, the development of genre varieties of the language, its functional styles, etc., in other words, through everything that is associated with the functioning language, which acts as a regular mediator between the external environment and the structure of the language. Taking into account the inevitability and naturalness of changes in the language, researchers have to state that the norms of the modern Russian literary language are undermined. This is due, first of all, to those dynamic processes that are rapidly changing speech and communicative-pragmatic norms in both oral and written spheres of communication. The process of undermining the norms of a literary language can be considered an internal threat to the language, that is, a violation of its integrity and ability to self-development and self-regulation. At the same time, the Russian literary language ceases to be a single code that unites native speakers, and accordingly ceases to effectively perform its main communicative function. Thus, the language “needs protection”, which is designed to ensure the activities of the state and other political forces to establish the status of the language in society, that is, language policy. We use the definition given by the famous linguist, professor V. P. Grigoriev: “Language policy is the theory and practice of the conscious impact of society on the course of language development, that is, purposeful and scientifically grounded guidance of the functioning of existing languages and the creation and improvement of new linguistic means of communication ". Grigoriev V.P. Velimir Khlebnikov in the four-dimensional space of the language. M., S

3 Yu. N. Biryukova 69 The effectiveness and efficiency of language policy depend on the regulation of the language behavior of subjects and objects of language policy. The language policy in relation to the state language, which is the monopoly of the official sphere of communication, is in every possible way supported and stimulated by the state, is distinguished by the greatest strength. For this purpose, appropriate translation structures, document circulation are created, exams for access to administrative positions are introduced, etc. The issue of choosing the state language is most characteristic and acute for countries that have gained sovereignty. The requirements of the language policy consist in the need to study the language, determine the spheres of its dissemination, education, publication, etc. Language repressions, restrictions and prohibitions imposed by the dominant ethnic elites are caused by the desire for social and political integration of society, increasing its stability. The ruling elite of the post-Soviet states use language to expand their influence, creating a language filter to "liberate" prestigious social niches and to protect themselves from unwanted ethnic counterparties. Language policy is implemented through a system of specific state measures, by certain means, in the course of officially conducted procedures. It boils down to the following main areas: the elimination of illiteracy; selection and establishment of the state (official) standard language; a certain position of other languages in relation to the state language; determination of the spheres and types of linguistic states and situations of each of the languages; codification and improvement of the content of the state language. The scientific literature emphasizes that only in Belarus and Kyrgyzstan is the Russian language the state language along with the national one (A.A. Bartosh). This is a trend that has a destructive effect on the social and communicative aspects of the life of former Russian-speaking citizens of Russia and the CIS countries. The relationship between the concepts of language policy and linguistic security is thus obvious. Protective activity in relation to the language (implementation of the policy of linguistic security) and is part of the language policy. Let us dwell in more detail on the linguistic security of the Russian literary language. Russian is the state language of the Russian Federation, a means of interethnic communication in the CIS and Baltic countries in the post-Soviet space. Russian is one of the six working languages of the UN, and also one of the most spoken languages in the world in terms of the number of people speaking it. “Gradually, the role of the language that unites and tightens the colossal Eurasian space is becoming more and more clear (by the state. Yu. B.): the consolidation, unity and cultural development of the peoples of Russia, the implementation of cooperation with the peoples of the CIS member states and the Baltic countries, with the world community as a whole ", Writes L. Kh. Astezheva. Many problems that are being solved jointly by the Government of the Russian Federation and leading domestic linguists (theoreticians and practitioners) at the present stage are the main task of language policy in the post-Soviet space. Astezheva L. Kh. Language policy in the Russian Federation // Psycholinguistic aspects of the language analysis of the text: collection of articles. scientific. tr. Saratov, p. 8.

4 70 LEGAL CULTURE 20 2 () In the Russian Federation, the means of language policy are legislative acts, Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the administrations of regions, cities, districts, orders of the ministers of education, culture and information regulating relations in the field of the Russian language. These are positive trends observed in Russian society. In our country today, particular importance is attached to the solution of language problems due to their special relevance, which is reflected in the regulatory documents, but this is not enough. The adoption of the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation" (2005), the approval of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Year of the Russian Language" (2007), the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation (2000) (language considered as one of the objects of information security), the Federal target program "Russian language (20 205)" (20). As an example of the manifestation of negative trends in language policy, one can cite the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (2009) "On the approval of the list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern Russian literary language when used as the state language of the Russian Federation", which approved the recommended list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books in which the norms of the modern Russian literary language are fixed. This innovation is ambiguously perceived by the public and the scientific community, questions arise about the feasibility of such innovations. Such a language policy leads to the simplification and legalization of errors. It is necessary to take into account not only the recommendations of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language (based on the results of the examination), but also the opinion of the most educated part of Russian society. As you know, the main condition for the existence of a literary language is the stability and conservatism of norms that allow maintaining the continuity of generations, identifying oneself as Russian-speaking, as a Russian nation. "The preservation of the Russian language is the basis of the security of the Russian nation, and the protective actions of the state, which has put the doctrine of national security at the head of its policy, should be directed to its protection." According to leading linguists, numerous lexical, grammatical and logical-semantic errors become characteristic features of the speech of Russian politicians, media workers (journalists, announcers and presenters). This testifies to blatant unprofessionalism. Graduates of schools and universities (!) Often do not have the necessary knowledge, do not know the norms of the Russian literary language, do not have the skills of correct speaking and writing. With the approval of the FGOS HPE of the third generation, the status of the discipline, which was previously included in the federal component of the cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines (in most specialties) "Russian language and culture of speech", has changed dramatically: in non-core areas of training bachelors, this discipline is not included in the basic cycle. It is also important to take into account the reduction in hours for studying the Russian language in schools, that is, continuity in the study of the language is not ensured. In the school course of mastering the native (in this Mironova T.L.

5 Yu. N. Biryukov 7 in the case of the Russian language), basic knowledge is acquired, for those receiving higher education this is clearly not enough. The current situation in Russian education can be considered an alarmist one. Experts note that at the turn of the XX XXI century. in the system of the Russian literary language, there is a process of destruction of old literary norms and the formation of new ones, as well as an increase in the expansion of foreign words, jargon, "Albanism", vulgarisms and even obscene vocabulary. It is obvious that one of the urgent tasks of modern Russian society, the state is to increase the level of the communicative-speech culture of an individual and society as a whole, which implies: an objective assessment of the role of language in society as one of the state-forming elements; understanding that the Russian language is the most important factor in the formation of the national, civic consciousness of Russians; awareness of the need to form a personal communicative-speech culture of the ability and skills of free and effective speech behavior using various means of the literary Russian language in a wide variety of communicative situations. Thus, the preservation of the Russian language, its integrity is the implementation of the policy of linguistic security at the state level. That is why we consider it necessary to single out linguistic security as one of the constituent parts of national security, which requires consolidation at the legislative level. Linguistic security can be included in the list of types of security fixed in Art. 3 sect. 3 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Security": "The Security Council of the Russian Federation considers strategic problems of state, economic, public, defense, information, environmental and other types of security" (emphasized by us. Yu. B.), and not be considered only as part of the information type security. In addition, we consider it expedient to develop the Doctrine of the linguistic security of the Russian Federation, which can become an effective tool for protecting the state language of Russia, Russian, in the course of the state language policy, as well as the national languages of the peoples of our multinational country in the context of the implementation of the policy of language tolerance. Let's summarize: The need for linguistic security in the preservation, reproduction of the language and, at the same time, in adapting it to the changes constantly occurring in the world and society, is basic, is realized in the conscious activities of society and the state and acts as one of the foundations of the officially pursued language policy of the state. The tasks of protection and preservation are very relevant for the Russian literary language. The protective resource of a language is made up of such components of its external system as the preservation of an original culture as a whole, the implementation of the cultural and language policy of the state: the organization of teaching national languages, the freedom to choose the language of upbringing, training and education. To illustrate our position, we turned to the survey data of the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM). In total, 600 people were interviewed in 53 settlements in 46 regions, territories and republics of Russia. The poll results were discouraging: only 4% of respondents answered all eight questions correctly. Even the group of respondents with higher and incomplete higher education did not distinguish themselves with literacy: only 7% of respondents in this category knew the answers to all questions.

6 72 LEGAL CULTURE 20 2 () 2. The Russian language, like each of the languages of the peoples of Russia, is an object of legal regulation in the state language policy of the Russian Federation. A powerful reserve that ensures the realization of the need for security is bilingualism (bilingualism) (as in most territories of the post-Soviet space) and multilingualism (polylinguism). Organization of linguistic security requires significant time and effort on the part of education authorities, the media, and government authorities. The main condition is that the measures taken are effective (functional), and not declarative, formalized. For this, it is possible to create public censoring organizations in the media sphere, as well as constant monitoring of the adopted programs. 3. It is advisable, in our opinion, to supplement the current legislation with normative legal acts regulating the use of the state language of the Russian Federation, to develop the basic principles and goals of the implementation of the state language policy of Russia, as well as to introduce regulatory procedures and rules for preserving the language as a Russian national and world cultural object. It is proposed to single out linguistic security as one of the constituent parts of national security, which can be included in the list of types of security fixed in Art. 3 of the RF Law "On Security". We also consider it necessary to develop the Doctrine of Linguistic Security of the Russian Federation. Thus, the consistent implementation of the language policy and the provision of linguistic security on the part of the state and society should contribute to the preservation of civil harmony in the Russian Federation, the strengthening of friendship between representatives of various ethnic groups and peoples living on the territory of Russia and abroad, the preservation of stability and peace, and, most the main thing is to preserve the heritage of the Russian people of the “great and mighty Russian language”. More than half of Russians, 58%, believe that Russian media need state censorship, despite its constitutional prohibition. Such data are contained in a poll conducted by VTsIOM in 2008.

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