Modern people try to make the most of the space in their home. Therefore, the proposal to arrange additional space under the roof is always met with enthusiasm. It is much easier to plan the construction of an attic at the stage of building a house, but you can make an additional superstructure over an old building.
How to make an attic on an old house
The presence of an attic not only increases the living space, but also gives the building a colorful look.
Attic turns Vacation home to a fairytale building
An old house can be updated by building an extension in accordance with existing codes.
The attic addition begins with calculating the strength of the old house
First you need to decide: can the attic floor and new roof existing foundation and walls. If they have a sufficient margin of safety, then you can begin to remodel the house. Otherwise, they should be strengthened.
Old brick walls sometimes seem strong, but with additional load, cracks may appear in the mortar over time. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately examine their condition, and, if necessary, tie them with a rigid belt. This is done as follows:
- metal pillars with a cross section of 10x10 cm are inserted into the foundation with their lower edge, and connected with the armored belt of the first floor with their upper edge. Installed around the perimeter of the house every 2 meters;
- metal reinforcement with a cross-section of 12 mm is laid in grooves and tied around the walls of the house: from the bottom of the window every 2 meters upward;
- spreads over the reinforcement metal grid with a cell size of 2x2 cm, which after completion of all work is covered with plaster.
The foundation is strengthened by tying it with a reinforcing belt on all sides.
If the old foundation cannot support the attic, then it must be sheathed with reinforcement
Having decided on the strengthening of the building, you can proceed to choosing a project for the future superstructure. It should look harmonious against the background of other buildings and match the style of the entire house.
The calculation of the dimensions of the internal upper room and necessary materials for construction
There are several types of attics:
- single-level with a gable roof - low ceilings with a small living area;
A single-level attic with a gable roof is the simplest type of superstructure for small buildings
- single-level with a sloping gable roof - increased internal space, but serious costs of money and time for construction;
A one-level attic with a sloping gable roof is usually built on a brick house
- single-level with cantilever extensions - a complex design that allows you to get more more area, since the attic frame extends beyond the building, and the windows are installed vertically;
A one-level attic with cantilevered extensions allows you to get a lot internal space by increasing the upper structure
- multi-level with mixed roof support - used in the construction of a new house, built only by specialists.
A multi-level attic with mixed roof support is usually not installed on old houses due to the complexity and large volume of work
Video: converting half of an old roof into an attic - an easy way
Converting the roof into an attic is a relatively cheap way to increase living space. A private house usually has a pitched roof, so you can make an additional spacious and bright room with your own hands.
Internal wood lining makes the attic warm and bright
And if the house is large enough in length, then the attic can turn into a real floor: with several rooms and even a balcony.
A large attic allows you to divide the area into different living areas
Advantages of creating an attic:
- the possibility of installing one or more new living rooms;
It is most convenient to furnish an attic with low ceilings under a gable roof with low sun loungers
- low costs compared to the construction of a full floor or side extension to the house;
- update appearance building;
A house with an attic under construction always attracts the attention of passers-by and makes them interested in the final result.
- opportunity to observe beautiful view from the attic window.
A lot passes through the windows in the attic sunlight, illuminating the room all day
However, this solution also has certain disadvantages that must also be taken into account:
- the need for insulation and soundproofing of the ceiling and a new roof, installation of several double-glazed windows;
- the difficulty of installing additional heating and lighting in the upper part of the old house - you will have to combine it with home wiring or use an autonomous connection;
To heat the attic with access to the balcony, you can use a stove-stove
- planning part of the home space for a staircase leading to the attic;
The staircase leading to the attic must be fenced for safety
- the need to purchase special furniture for a sloping roof or purchase squat models: low cabinets, sofas and tables.
Low furniture is best suited for attic interiors
The presence of sloping walls makes the room unusual and romantic, but with this decision you will have to take a more responsible approach to design development. You can make furniture for the inclined superstructure yourself or assemble a single set from existing multi-level models, painting everything in the same color.
You can make furniture that follows the slope of the attic yourself
So, the main disadvantage of converting an attic space into a loft is that it requires an investment, but it is worth it.
Building an attic will cost much less than creating an additional floor, regardless of what materials are used to build the walls. After all, to create them you will need basic material, insulation and finishing, while for an attic superstructure you only need roofing insulation and a new rafter system.
The superstructure is made of symmetrical or asymmetrical shape. Internal walls are designed both inclined and vertical.
Having studied the schemes of single-level attics with different types roofs, it is easier to make a choice when planning
Converting an attic into an attic does not require dismantling all existing structures. But you need to make sure that the ceiling is reliable: check its condition, reinforce it with wooden or metal beams, cover with new boards. Then it will be able to withstand the weight of furniture and people.
For frequent climbs to the attic you will need to do comfortable staircase, provide for the installation of ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, perform interior decoration - all this will allow you to create a cozy and comfortable room.
A superstructure with a sloping roof, decorated in light colors, visually enlarges the space, and splashes of color add brightness to the interior
When constructing an attic floor, the following conditions must be met:
- the rafters are made of laminated veneer lumber with a thickness of at least 250 mm, so that the required amount of insulation can be laid;
- Foamed polystyrene is used for insulation due to its low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics;
- a gap is left between the thermal insulation and the roofing material to ensure natural ventilation;
- A hydro- and sound-proofing layer must be laid.
Converting the roof into an attic with your own hands
During the construction of a house there is usually a lack of funds, so many people refuse to build a second floor. Or another situation may arise when an old one-story house small area. In both cases there is affordable option increasing the living space - rebuilding the attic space into an attic with your own hands.
Creating a Project
Before starting work, you need to draw up a plan and develop a project with accurate drawings. Correct calculation will allow you to get a cozy, durable and reliable room. You can perform all the calculations yourself or entrust it to specialists.
You can draw a plan and develop a preliminary design yourself by studying different options on the Internet
Strengthening the walls and foundation may be necessary if complete replacement rafters If the roof is partially redone, then reinforcement may be necessary only for the ceiling. You also need to immediately decide what types of windows will be used in the attic: the reinforcement in the rafter system will depend on this.
The location of all windows in the attic roof must be thought out in advance and this data must be included in the project plan
Rafter system
Rafters can be layered or hanging. The former rest on the internal walls of the house or additional supports, and the latter on the external walls.
In attics, layered and hanging rafters are used
Hanging rafters are best suited for the attic.
An attic with hanging rafters looks more beautiful and benefits in the size of the internal area
The attic usually occupies the entire space of the attic, and its walls are combined with external ones.
The best option for creating an attic is a layered rafter system
The rafter system consists of different load-bearing bars. To understand the structure of the entire structure and build it correctly, you need to understand the purpose and operation of its individual elements.
Image individual elements rafter system helps to understand the structure of the entire structure
Refurbishment of premises
If the attic height is sufficient, the rafter system does not need to be altered. It is enough to inspect the old rafters, identify possible flaws and eliminate them.
If the rafter system is in good condition, you can begin arranging the floor. Insulation is first laid between the joists, after which the surface is sheathed with ordinary boards or sheets of OSB or chipboard.
The floor in the attic is insulated and covered with boards
Before laying the insulation, all necessary communications are installed between the rafters, and places are cut in the roof for installing windows. carried out before insulation.
All wires and pipes of communications must be placed in special corrugations
Care must be taken to create natural ventilation under-roof space through vents so that moisture does not accumulate inside the room.
Roof insulation
The roof must be insulated correctly and efficiently - the microclimate under the roof will depend on this. Typically, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or sprayed polyurethane foam are used as insulation.
A thick layer of heat insulation is tightly laid and fixed between the rafters so that there are no cracks or gaps left anywhere. Waterproofing is installed along the top of the roof - between the roof and the insulation - and then laid thermal insulation material from the side of the room. Then the inside of the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film.
For better ventilation a small distance is left between the roofing material and the insulation: this way air circulates through the holes in the eaves and ridge. If the roof is covered with corrugated sheets, then the gap thickness should be 25 mm, but if flat material, then you need to bring it to 50 mm.
When creating thermal insulation for an attic, the sequence of layers must be strictly observed.
When planning to climb to the attic, you need to take care of the convenience and safety of movement. Therefore, the staircase is usually installed inside the house. It is constructed from wood or metal: it can be either a screw or a marching structure.
The staircase to the attic may be different types and designs, which allows it to fit into any interior
An opening is cut in the ceiling of the first floor, which is reinforced along the perimeter with metal or wooden strapping.
The design of the stairs to the attic must be strong, reliable, safe and beautiful
Interior decoration
In most cases, plasterboard slabs are used for wall cladding, and the seams between them are plastered. Wallpaper is pasted on top or applied decorative plaster. Alternative option- lining or natural wood.
If some rafters protrude through the walls into the attic, then they can be decorated as decorative elements and even used in the form of a horizontal bar for hanging a hammock, swing, chandelier and other devices.
Decorating the visible parts of the rafters in the interior of the attic is an interesting and creative matter.
It is not recommended to use heavy finishing materials in the attic, as they increase the load on the walls, ceiling and foundation of the building.
There are many options for interior decoration of the attic, but it is advisable to use only lightweight materials
To cover the floor, you can use laminate or linoleum, but it is better to avoid tiles or porcelain stoneware.
Installation of the roof of the attic floor
The roof of a residential superstructure must consist of the following layers (the order of arrangement is from the street to the internal space):
Video: why and how to properly lay layers on the attic roof
Calculations of an attic roof for a house
Determining the total weight of the roof
To calculate the total weight roofing materials, you need to multiply the specific gravity of one square meter of coverage by the total area of the attic roof. To obtain the weight of one square meter, you need to add up the specific gravity of all the materials that make up the roofing pie and multiply it by the safety factor (1.1).
If the thickness of the lathing is 25 mm, then its specific weight is 15 kg/m2, insulation 10 cm thick has a specific weight of 10 kg/m2, and the roofing material ondulin has a weight of 3 kg/m2. It turns out: (15+10+3)x1.1= 30.8 kg/m2.
According to existing standards, the floor load in a residential building should not exceed 50 kg/m2.
Determining the roof area
To calculate the surface sloping roof, you need to break it down into simple shapes (square, rectangle, trapezoid, etc.) and determine their area, and then add everything up. To determine the surface of a gable roof, you need to multiply the length by the width, and multiply the resulting value by two.
Table: determining the area of the attic roof
When calculating the angle of inclination, the climatic zone in which the house is located is taken into account, and that it is convenient to move in the attic at full height
It is also necessary to calculate the roof slope. Usually the angle is 45–60 degrees, but when determining it, it is necessary to take into account the climatic zone in which the house is located, the type of attic construction, snow and wind loads, and the architectural design of the house.
The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the less will be the load on the rafter system, but the consumption of materials will increase.
Calculation of the rafter system
When choosing a rafter system, you can choose the following options:
- hanging rafters;
- inclined type;
- ridge run;
- combined design.
If the roof length is more than 4.5 m, then support purlins and struts can be used for reinforcement. If the length is more than 7 meters, a ridge beam is installed.
For wooden rafters, timber with a thickness of at least 70 mm is used. Their installation step should be 50 cm.
On large area it is better to fasten a metal rafter system: due to the increase in the distance between the rafters, the absence of spacers and struts, the weight of such a structure will be less than that of a wooden one, and the strength will increase significantly.
If the attic area is large, then it is better to install metal rafters
Calculation of the required amount of materials
To carry out the calculation you need to know the following parameters:
- width, thickness and pitch of rafters;
- distance from the edge of the roof to the rafters;
- the size of the sheathing boards and the spacing between them;
- size, type of roofing material and overlap between its sheets;
- type of steam, hydro and heat insulating material.
The roof is divided into simple shapes and the required amount of each material is determined. Simple mathematical formulas are used for this.
The results obtained are converted into standard values: for wood - in cubic meters, for roofing materials, steam, hydro and thermal insulation - in square meters. And you can go to the store.
Common mistakes
Most often, when calculating independently, errors are obtained during the determination required quantity insulation. If the climatic conditions are harsh, then its volume will have to be increased, otherwise it will not be possible to create comfortable living conditions in the attic. The insulation is installed on the floor of the house, gable walls and roof slopes. But the thickness of the insulation can be different everywhere.
Video: calculation of a mansard roof with diagrams and load
The attic floor allows for additional living space and gives a private home a modern, attractive appearance. It’s not difficult to create an attic with your own hands, you just need to correctly draw up a project, perform calculations and carry out high-quality installation of all materials. And the result will please the owners for a long time.
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Many people who want to expand their home without having enough space on the site are thinking about how to turn an attic into an attic. Changing the use of a room is much cheaper than building a new floor, and it also takes less time.
Drafting
To convert a cold, unheated attic into an attic, you first need to draw up a project. This must be done so that the converted premises serve for a long time and do not collapse in the near future. If you need to change the rafter system, it is better to turn to professionals to draw up a project. If there are no global changes, you can do this yourself.
Modern rafter systems are divided into:
- inclined - there are additional supports or supports on the internal walls;
- hanging - in this case, the rafters rest on the outer walls of the building.
With an inclined system, it is impossible to create a single, integral space under the roof, since the supports cannot be removed.
Before you start converting an attic into an attic, you need to decide on the type of future room, it can be:
- with side partitions between external and internal walls;
- with a combined roof (such attics occupy the entire space and have a sloping ceiling, the internal walls are combined with the external ones).
Roof reconstruction
Converting an attic into an attic includes the following stages of work:
- creating a project;
- preparation of materials and tools;
- checking the rafter system, if necessary, strengthening it;
- roof insulation;
- creating an exit;
- Finishing work.
After creating the project, you can begin work with the rafter system.
First you need to prepare the materials and tools that will be required for the work:
- drill;
- building level;
- carpentry tools (nails, hammer, saw, jigsaw, wood screws);
- safety glasses and gloves;
- Decoration Materials;
- corrugation for laying;
- electrical cable for communications;
- heating pipes;
- hydro- and vapor barrier membrane;
- insulation.
The main difference between an attic and an attic:
- there is no heating and thermal insulation in the attic, there is no finishing of the room;
- sometimes the height of the attic does not allow for an attic, and the roof has to be dismantled.
The attic is non-residential premises, based on this, the main goal of converting it into an attic is to install cozy room, suitable for living.
If the height is sufficient for refurbishment of the room, there is no need to dismantle the roof. It will be enough to simply inspect the rafters and, if damage is found, replace them. When they are in good condition, you only need to make the floor. For this purpose, mineral wool is laid between the joists for insulation, and then the floor is covered with OSB or chipboard boards on top, and self-tapping screws are used for fastening.
You also need to put insulation between the rafters, having previously laid out the utility networks. Before this, an assessment is carried out natural light in the attic - for this purpose, a hole is cut in the roof and installed window frames. You can find it on sale now ready-made windows, specially designed for attics - all that remains is to install them. Windows are installed before the insulation is laid, along with the formation of doorways. If the need arises, the roof in the area where the window is installed is re-roofed, sealing the joints between the roof and the frame.
How and how to insulate the under-roof space
Before you start insulating the room, you need to take care of the ventilation of the under-roof space. Before converting an attic into an attic, you need to insulate the roof to protect all structural elements and create a comfortable microclimate. You can use materials such as mineral wool, polyurethane and foam boards.
Experts advise using mineral wool, which can be easily installed between the rafters. The insulation on both sides is covered with steam and waterproofing film. Before carrying out network engineering– heating pipes and electrical cables, it is recommended to place them in a special corrugation. To lay communications, holes are made in the rafters.
The insulation is laid very tightly; leaving cavities and gaps is unacceptable. A vapor barrier is laid on top of the mineral wool and secured to the wooden surface with staples. Lay the film overlapping; under no circumstances should it be pulled. If you are not sure correctly, it is better to consult with experts in this matter.
Exit to the attic
The most simple options, which you can build yourself - marching or spiral staircase made of wood, do not take up a lot of space. The safest design is the single-flight one, since its steps are rectangular in shape.
Shutdown
The attic conversion into a loft is almost complete. Before you begin, you need to make sure that all necessary communications have been carried out. Mandatory elements of the living space, which will be the attic, include electrical wiring and heating pipes.
In attics, communications can be carried out under the floor, connecting in the area of the stairs to the main system. However, the layout of these systems depends not only on the layout of this room, but also the entire house. Recommended engineering Communication hide in metal corrugated pipes, which fit well into the insulation layer.
How to properly make a vapor barrier and internal sheathing in the attic, watch the video:
Reconstruction of the attic into an attic at the final stage is finishing, namely, the transformation of walls and floors. Here you can fully express your imagination. For example, walls can be covered with wallpaper or decorative plaster. The same good option for the attic - lining with clapboard or natural wood, in such a room the wooden finish looks organic. If there are protruding rafters, do not be upset - you can make a beautiful decorative element, covered with stain and varnish.
But when choosing finishing materials, do not forget that it is impossible to create a significant load in such a room. For this reason, heavy materials are not suitable for attic spaces. For the floor, you can make flooring from OSB boards, use mineral wool for insulation, and lay linoleum or laminate on top.
Interior decoration completely depends on the taste of the owner, but it is recommended to use lightweight materials, since attic space, converted into an attic, as in the photo, was not originally designed for use as a living space, and may not withstand heavy loads. Read also: " ".
Reconstruction of the attic of a country house into an attic is one of the most relevant measures aimed at improving performance characteristics of this room.
Order service
Prices
The Red Roofs company carries out a full range of work, from creating a concept to roofing work of any complexity and warranty service for the facility.
Development complexity
| Work performed | Simple roof | Medium roof (Or custom profile on a simple roof) | Complex roof(Or custom mid-roof profile/Beavertail) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Removal of roofing | |||||
| Dismantling the counter-lattice and sheathing | |||||
| Dismantling hydro-vapor barrier | |||||
| Dismantling the drainage system | |||||
| Insulation along rafters | |||||
| Installation of hydro-vapor barrier | from 3700 ₽/m 2 | from 4300 ₽/m2 | from 4700 ₽/m 2 | ||
| Installation of counter-lattice and sheathing | |||||
| Roof covering, including snow retention | |||||
| Gutter systems, gutters, funnels, corners. (Not including pipes and hemming(Due to the fact that installation is carried out after completion facade works) |
The cost of work does not include: visiting for measurements, delivery of material, installation of scaffolding, lifting material onto the roof, overhead costs, arrangement of a utility camp.
Design features of the attic floor
The attic can have any shape - broken or triangular, be symmetrical or asymmetrical, located over the entire area of the building or only over part of it.
The classic sloping mansard roof, the most optimal in terms of the area used, has a slope of about 70º in the lower part, and 15-30º in the flatter upper part. The premises can be located within the boundaries load-bearing walls home or protrude beyond its boundaries, relying on the design of additional supports.
The modern mansard roof is the most high-tech part of the house, since it receives and transmits all types of extreme climatic influences to the rest of the building. All its structural elements are subject to high requirements in terms of construction, sanitary and fire standards.
If in the past vertical windows installed in “birdhouses” such as hatches were more often used for lighting, today special innovative windows for attics are available, mounted directly into the roof, providing 40% more lighting. Modern roofing technologies guarantee not only maintenance-free operation for decades, but also an aesthetically attractive appearance of a country house.
5 reasons to order attic reconstruction from the Red Roofs company:
- We have our own design department, so we will competently develop a reconstruction project and select the necessary materials.
- The company's assortment includes: wide choose modern roofing materials, components and roof windows from the world's leading manufacturers at reasonable prices.
- We carry out a full range of work on the reconstruction of the attic into an attic without relocation, starting with the dismantling of outdated coverings and structural elements, ending with the installation of modern window systems, roofs with steam and waterproofing.
- Highly qualified technicians and roofers guarantee the absence of errors when developing a project for reconstructing an attic roof and during the installation of roofing and windows.
- When ordering a service, we offer a comprehensive warranty period for all types of roofing work ranging from 2 to 10 years.
For those who are planning to carry out the work themselves, we offer consultations with an independent expert on the selection of roofing materials. You can also order a technical supervision service for the quality and compliance with the technology of reconstruction work.
Reviews
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Attic conversion is carried out both for the purpose of reconstruction and to increase the living space of the house. Often the attic space can be converted and the result is a functional second floor. Such activities will cost you less than removing the roof and performing a superstructure. However, converting the roof into an attic is a process that requires special care. Usually it is carried out in several stages.
Project preparation
Before starting work, you need to decide on your own wishes. Also, a true professional will tell you that not every attic is suitable for converting the roof into an attic. It will be uncomfortable for a person to be in a cramped room with low ceiling. It is optimal if its height is 2.5 meters on at least half the area of the second floor.
Before starting work, you should request a project. This way you will be sure that the construction company initially correctly interpreted and took into account your every wish. In addition, this will make it easier to prepare a preliminary shift.
Insulation
When remodeling an attic Special attention should be given attention to this stage. Compliance with insulation technology will allow you to reduce heat loss in cold period by 20-25%. In especially hot summer months, the roof heats up to 70-80 °C, and the room temperature is at least 40 °C.
Proper thermal insulation should also be provided for ventilation system. When working with insulation, it is necessary to think in advance about the under-roof space in which they will mix freely air masses. True professionals will think about dormer window necessary to reduce the formation of condensation, and the installation of material under the ridge. Compliance with these conditions helps maintain a comfortable microclimate in the house.
For insulation, ROCKWOOL is most often used, which is environmentally friendly, fireproof and durable. For the Central Black Earth region of Russia, the optimal material is with a density of 40 kg/m3 and a thickness of 150 mm. The slabs are staggered and placed vertically. Also, when remodeling an attic, at the final stage of installing thermal insulation, another layer of insulation is additionally laid horizontally. This eliminates cold bridges.
You must select your window with special care. The glass unit must be protected from moisture (if it is placed at an angle, it will be constantly exposed to precipitation), have a multi-layer insulation system and be durable.
Remodeling the attic with glazing is carried out both vertically and horizontally. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the window to the total area of the wall or roof. So, for the first technology the optimal proportion is 1:8, for the second - 1:10.
The installation of membranes and films is a mandatory step in converting an attic into an attic. They allow you to protect the roof from wind and precipitation from the outside, and also remove moisture accumulated in the insulation.
This stage should not be skipped under any circumstances. Otherwise, the insulation will absorb moisture and gradually lose its insulating properties. Also, laying this film is one of the most important steps in creating a proper ventilation system. If the technology is violated, condensation will accumulate in the room, and pathogenic microflora - mold and fungi - may appear.
Diffusion membranes and vapor barrier films FAKRO. When converting the roof of a house into an attic, they should be mounted with an overlap (about 10 cm). The joints are additionally fixed and glued using aluminum tape.
It is not always possible to convert the roof of a house into an attic using paint and varnish materials, wallpaper, plasterboard structures. Buildings made of timber and logs are aesthetically pleasing in themselves; they have a special flavor. This natural material will help you create an interior in Russian or eco-style, which has been gaining popularity in recent years.
Also converting the attic into an attic using modern finishing materials should only be carried out in houses intended for year-round residence. In unheated rooms, the wallpaper will become damp in a couple of seasons, the paint will peel off the walls, and the decorative plaster will crack and become unusable.
