Recreational resources
Recreational resources - these are resources of all types that can be used to meet the needs of the population in recreation and tourism. On the basis of recreational resources, it is possible to organize branches of the economy specializing in recreational services.
Recreational resources include:
- natural complexes and their components (relief, climate, water bodies, vegetation, fauna);
- cultural and historical sights;
- economic potential of the territory, including infrastructure, labor resources.
Recreational resources are a set of elements of natural, natural-technical and socio-economic geosystems, which, with the appropriate development of productive forces, can be used to organize a recreational economy. In addition to natural objects, recreational resources include any kind of substance, energy, information, which are the basis for the functioning, development, and stable existence of the recreational system. Recreational resources are one of the prerequisites for the formation of a separate branch of the economy - the recreational economy.
In the modern world, recreational resources have become of great importance, that is, the resources of natural areas as recreation, treatment and tourism zones. Of course, these resources cannot be called purely natural, since they also include objects of anthropogenic origin, primarily historical and architectural monuments (for example, the palace and park ensembles of Peterhof near St.Petersburg and Versailles near Paris, the Roman Colosseum, the Acropolis of Athens, Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China, etc.). But the basis of recreational resources is still natural elements: sea coasts, river banks, forests, mountainous areas, etc.
The growing flow of people "into nature" (recreational explosion) is the result of the scientific and technological revolution, which, figuratively speaking, unloaded our muscles, strained our nerves and pulled us away from nature. Every country in the world has some kind of recreational resources. A person is attracted not only by the magnificent beaches of the Mediterranean, Tropical Africa and Hawaii, Crimea and the Transcaucasus, but also the Andes and Himalayas, the Pamirs and Tien Shan, the Alps and the Caucasus, soaring upwards covered with snow caps.
Classification of recreational resources in balneology
- Elementary resources: climatic resources; components of the natural landscape (types of southern landscape, the degree of landscape comfort, etc.); temporary (seasons of the year); spatial and territorial (geographical latitudes, solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation zones);
- Hydrographic elementary resources: water; natural monuments - open water bodies, springs, etc .;
- Hydromineral elementary resources: medicinal mineral waters; healing mud; medicinal clays; other medicinal natural resources;
- Forest elementary resources: state forest resources; nature reserve fund, etc .; urban forests (on the lands of urban settlements), forests - natural monuments, etc .;
- Orographic elementary resources: mountainous areas; flat areas; rough terrain; health-improving areas and resorts;
- Biological elementary resources:
- biofauna;
- bioflora;
- Social and cultural elementary resources: components of the cultural landscape (ethnos, folk epos, folk cuisine, folk crafts, museums, art galleries, panoramas, cultural monuments of various forms of ownership, etc.); a range of leisure facilities (clubs, palaces of culture, discos, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, casinos, bowling alleys, slot machine halls, etc.);
- Road transport elementary resources:
- air transport: availability of the nearest major airport, convenient schedule of arrival and departure of aircraft;
- railway transport: the state of development of the railway network; convenient timetable for the arrival and departure of trains;
- road transport: state of development and quality of the road network; availability and convenient operating mode of gas stations, service stations, food points and consumer services;
- Basic labor resources (medical, technical and service personnel, provision of departmental housing and hostel, home ownership; mortgage lending for home purchases, etc.)
- Elementary communication resources (the state of development of communication services, radio, long-distance telephone, polyprogram television, relay stations: Internet, cell phone);
- Elementary health resources: the development of the municipal and private health care systems for the provision of emergency qualified medical care; compulsory and voluntary health insurance services; the level of professional training of the medical personnel of sanatorium-resort organizations, the required composition of medical specialists; availability of a license, etc .;
- The level of development of elementary resources of the banking system and its availability;
- Energy elementary resources;
- Basic resources of the service: hairdressing and beauty salons, beauty salons; atelier for sewing and repairing clothes; dry cleaning; laundry; shops, etc .;
- Elementary resources of sports leisure (gyms, gyms, sauna with a pool, sports grounds, etc.)
Service areas
It is simply impossible to imagine modern life without schools, hospitals, shops, catering establishments, museums, etc. All these types of enterprises are part of service sector (service sector) (Fig. 48). The location of service sector enterprises coincides with the geography of the population. However, the level, quality, completeness of the range of services provided differ not only by region, but also within each of them - between the countryside and the city, even within a large city - between the central and outskirts ("sleeping" and "industrial") areas. The location of service enterprises is also determined by the different frequency of demand for different types of services. The volume of demand for services also plays a role. A theater cannot exist in a village or settlement. Perhaps the only service industry with large regional differences is recreational economy.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what "Recreational Resources" is in other dictionaries:
Resources to ensure good rest for people. There are natural recreational (green areas around cities, nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, reserves) and natural historical (monuments of history, archeology, architecture, art ... Geographical encyclopedia
recreational resources - A set of natural objects and conditions used for recreational, including tourist purposes. Syn .: tourist resources ... Geography Dictionary
Recreational resources are natural and anthropogenic geosystems, bodies and natural phenomena that have specific properties and can be used to organize recreation and health improvement of a certain contingent of people at a certain time or season with the help of ... ... Tourist lexicon
Tsaghkadzor is a high-class mountain climatic and ski resort. The geographic location of Armenia, its landscapes ... Wikipedia
Recreational resources of the national park - Recreational resources of the national park include territories suitable for organizing certain types of recreational activities (rest by the water, walking, gathering, tourism, excursions). The suitability of using the territories for the purposes of ... ... Official terminology
Resource Resource means that using certain transformations to obtain the desired result. Resource (equipment) the amount of work for which a machine, building, etc. is calculated. After the exhaustion of the resource, safe work is not guaranteed, ... ... Wikipedia
Climatic conditions favorable to the organization of treatment and recreation of people: comfortable conditions of temperature, humidity, solar radiation, etc. See also: Natural Resources Recreation Financial Dictionary Finam ... Financial vocabulary
RECREATIONAL RESOURCES - natural resources that provide recreation and restoration of human health and working capacity. Ecological encyclopedic dictionary. Chisinau: Main editorial office of the Moldavian Soviet Encyclopedia. I.I. Grandpa. 1989 ... Ecological Dictionary
Recreational forest resources - a set of forest components that can be used to meet the recreational needs of the population ... A short dictionary of basic forestry and economic terms
tourist resources - A set of natural objects and conditions used for recreational, including tourist purposes. Syn .: recreational resources ... Geography Dictionary
Books
- Natural and recreational resources of Kabardino-Balkaria. Monograph, Galachieva Larisa Abubovna. The monograph summarizes the results of many years of research on the recreational resources of Kabardino-Balkaria and their application for the organization of various types of tourism, health resort business and ...
Recreational resources of the world
Recreational resources - a set of natural and anthropogenic complexes that are involved in the tourism industry and contribute to the restoration and development of human physical and spiritual forces, his ability to work.
Kinds:
1. Natural recreational resources - sea coasts, banks of rivers and lakes, mountains, forests, outlets of mineral waters and therapeutic mud.
Main forms:
- green areas around major cities,
- reserves,
- national parks, etc.
2. Cultural and historical - monuments of history, architecture, ethnographic features of the territory.
For example, the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev, Westminster in London, the Versailles Palace near Paris, the Roman Colosseum, the Athenian Acropolis, the Egyptian pyramids, the Taj Mahal tomb in Agra (India), the Statue of Liberty in New York ...
By the nature of use:
1. Wellness. 2. Medicinal.
The most important recreational areas in the world.
The most developed resources of Europe (especially Greece, Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Spain, Poland, Hungary,Czech Republic, etc.), USA, Japan, Mexico, Australia, Egypt, Peru, China, India, Turkey and many others.
Developed countries are the leaders in world tourism !!!(a very profitable business - it does not require significant capital investments, it gives a quick and significant profit)
The most popular holiday destinations in the world:
French Riviera Sunny Beach Bulgaria
French, Swiss, Italian and Austrian Alps
 |
 |
Nowadays, tourist trips on ships (cruises), spearfishing, sport fishing, windsurfing, sailing on yachts and catamarans are very common.
 |
 |
 |
 |
World Heritage Sites.
These are the most valuable objects of nature, history and culture under the protection of UNESCO (890 in 148 countries of the world: 689 cultural, 176 natural and 25 mixed).
In Europe Italy - 44, Spain - 40, France - 34, Germany - 33, Great Britain - 27 stand out (there are few natural objects here).
In Asia stand out China - 38 and India - 27 (\u003e natural objects)
In Lat. America, Africa, CIS countries \u003e cultural sites.
In Australia - 17, almost all natural.
Questions and tasks for self-control
1. Make a diagram of the "Classification of recreational resources" in a notebook.
2. Prepare a message about one of the World Heritage sitesin Ukraine and one in the foreign world. Give a message to classmates.
3. Using the Internet, check the list of World Heritage Sites. Mark on a contour map five objects on each continent.
4. Prepare a computer presentation using drawings, video about one of the World Heritage sites.
At the present stage, recreational resources have become of great importance in the world. These are objects and natural phenomena that can be used for recreation, treatment and tourism. In recent years, a "recreational explosion" has been observed on Earth, which manifests itself in the growing impact of the flow of people on nature. This is the result of the scientific and technological revolution and the isolation of man from nature. The use of recreational resources can be assessed by the number of tourists visiting the country. All countries of the world have some kind of recreational resources, but most of the tourists are attracted by such countries as Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Egypt, Turkey, India, Mexico. The most popular are countries and regions where rich natural and recreational resources are combined with cultural and historical attractions. The development of recreational nature management and international tourism can bring large incomes to these countries (Fig.). Among the natural and recreational objects the most famous are: the coasts of the Mediterranean, Black, Caribbean, Red Seas; Hawaiian, Maldives, Canary Islands, Bahamas and other islands; therapeutic mud of the Crimea; mineral waters of the Caucasus.
Figure: international tourism
The use of modern world recreational resources is characterized by significant territorial unevenness.
World Tourism Organization, with six main regions:
1. European (all European countries, countries of the former USSR + Turkey,
Cyprus and Israel).
2. American (all countries of North and South America).
3. Asia-Pacific (Asia-Pacific, all countries of East and South 4. East Asia, Australia and Oceania).
5. Middle East (countries of South-West Asia + Egypt and Libya).
African (all African countries except Egypt and Libya).
6. South Asian (South Asian countries).
In terms of the number of World Heritage sites, European countries are in the lead. About 1/5 of the World Heritage Sites are natural monuments. The not calm socio-economic and political situation in some Asian countries, as well as the remoteness of some parts from Europe, reduces its attractiveness as a center of world tourism and recreation. Due to the ongoing civil and political unrest, travel agencies do not recommend visiting certain regions and countries: Colombia; Haiti; South Lebanon; Afghanistan; Congo; Rwanda; Algeria; Somalia. The overwhelming majority of these countries and regions are characterized by political instability, military and national conflicts.
Figure: Foreign exchange earnings from international tourism
Recreational nature management includes travel and excursions, hiking, beach holidays, mountaineering, sea and river cruises, visiting cultural and sports events, recreation at tourist bases, fishing and hunting.
One of the types of recreational nature management is ecological tourism. Ecological tourism is subdivided into: seaside, mountain, river, sea, urban, scientific and educational. The objects are national and natural parks, individual landscapes, natural and natural and cultural attractions. Ecotourists travel to their own and neighboring countries, but their main flow is directed from Europe and North America to tropical countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Costa Rica, Ecuador). According to modern estimates, ecological tourism is the most rapidly developing part of the world recreational nature management. Gets more widespread extreme tourism–Travels to the Arctic, Antarctica.
The greatest tourist and recreational activity is distinguished by people aged 30 to 50 years. At least 25% of all tourists are young people, who in developed countries are financially well-off, have a good education and strive to satisfy their own interests in the knowledge of nature. In the richest country of capital in the United States, over 70% of families with an annual income of less than $ 2,000 do not leave the country, 20% of tourists account for 80% of all travel. In Germany, more than 60% of the population is not included in migration recreation at all. In the UK, 40% of the adult population is not traveling 78.8%. In developing countries, foreign tourism is rather poorly developed, the fact remains that the overwhelming majority of more than four billion people in the world have not yet crossed the borders of their country. According to statistical studies, it has been established that in the middle of the 20th century, more than 2 billion people never left their village or city. The greatest interest in travel is shown by strata of the population with an average income: employees, youth, intellectuals, entrepreneurs.
According to the data of numerous surveys and questionnaires, the following factors influence the choice of turfim:
Tips from friends and acquaintances: 31.6%;
Prices: 26.7%;
Availability of a license: 18.1%;
Service package: 15.6%;
Terms and experience in the market: 14.8%;
Personal experience of communication with this firm: 13.0%;
Expert advice: 11.3%
Employee friendliness: 8.8%
Travel agency ratings: 4.7%
Advertising: 3.7%
Mentioning of a travel company in directories: 3.4%;
Nice office: 2.5%
Convenient location: 2.5%;
Other indicators: 5.9%.
The tourist industry is a significant factor contributing to a more intensive economic development of those regions of the world that are located far from large industrial centers and have little economic resources. In a number of states, tourism has become a large independent branch of the economy, occupying a leading position in the economy. This is largely due to the fact that the modern tourism industry provides a large volume of services consumed by tourists during a trip abroad.
T.P. Sinko
Recreational resources of the world
Grade 10
"How beautiful this world is - look ..."
The purpose of the lesson: to assess the recreational resources of the world, to identify their geography.
Lesson Objectives:
Acquaintance with the recreational areas of our planet, the sights of the world;
- expansion of horizons, curiosity, cognitive needs;
- development of skills in working with maps, statistical material, information technology;
- the formation of an idea of \u200b\u200bthe unity of the world, that recreational resources are the property of all mankind;
- increasing the information culture of students through the creation of slides, presentations;
- education of patriotism and internationalism;
- aesthetic and cultural development;
- development of business communication skills.
The purpose of our lesson is to identify the wealth and diversity of the planet's recreational resources, assess them and map their geography.(multimedia support, work in notebooks)
Recreation - restoration of the physical and spiritual forces of a person expended in the process of vital activity, increasing his health and working capacity
Recreational resources are natural and man-made objects that have such properties as uniqueness, historical or artistic value, aesthetic appeal, and health-improving value.
Recreational resources can be divided into two subtypes based on their origin:
Natural and recreational;
anthropogenic and recreational.
Natural and recreational resources include sea coasts, river banks, lakes, mountains, forests, mineral water outlets, therapeutic mud, favorable climatic conditions.
Recreational resources of anthropogenic origin are also called cultural and historical resources. Such objects include, for example, the Moscow Kremlin, Westminster Abbey in London, the Versailles palace and park complex near Paris, the Taj Mahal in India, the Statue of Liberty in New York.
By the nature of their use, they are divided into 4 main types:
recreational and medicinal (mineral water treatment);
recreational and recreational (bathing and beach areas);
recreational and sports (mountain skiing bases);
recreational and educational (historical monuments, scientific
tourism, business tourism, religious pilgrimage).
Recreational resources are the backbone of recreation and tourism. At the end of 2004, the total number of World Heritage sites amounted to 730, including 535 sites were classified as cultural, 144 - natural and 23 - cultural and natural, they are located in 125 countries of the world.
International tourism makes a significant contribution to the development of the world economy, the revenues of this field of activity already exceed $ 500 billion. In many countries, tourism acts as a catalyst for economic development in the region. According to the World Tourism and Travel Council, tourism annually initiates the production of goods and services worth more than 4 trillion. dollars, or 11% of global consumer spending, 5% of all tax revenues and a third - of world trade in services, this is the 3rd place after the export of oil and cars. The tourism industry is the largest employer. It provides employment for every tenth worker in the world (127 million people). According to WTO forecasts, the 21st century will be the century of tourism.
Today our lesson is attended by representatives of various travel companies, who gladly agreed to answer your questions about the organization of recreation and treatment.
? Question to the correspondent of the magazine "Otdokhni"
What factors influence the development of international tourism?
Answer:
the availability of recreational resources;
infrastructure development;
the geographical position of the country;
socio-economic factors.
? Question to the manager of the travel agency "Vokrug Sveta"
What can you say about the dynamics of international tourism?
Consider the dynamics of international tourism from 1950 to 2005. In 1950. the number of foreign tourists was 25 million people, 1960 - 80 million people, 1970 - 220 million people, 1980 - 285 million people, 1990 - 510 million people.
2004 - 528 million people
2004 - 766 million people
2005 - 808 million people
(Statistics and chart are displayed)
? Please tell us about the distribution of tourism in the main regions of the world
Answer: The distribution of tourism by major regions is as follows:
Europe 60%, Asia 15%, North America 15%, America 6%, Africa 2%, Australia 2%
(Statistics and map-chart are displayed)
? Name the countries leading in the reception of tourists
Answer: The following countries are the leaders in the field of international tourism: France - 1st place, Spain - 2nd place, USA - 3rd place, Italy - 4th place, China - 5th place.
We bring to your attention a video from the series "Wonders of the World - Moscow Kremlin"
? Representative of the travel agency "Russia"
Please tell us what is the situation with tourism in Russia?
Answer: (analysis of work for 2005): The past 2005 brought many surprises to the Russian travel industry - both pleasant and unpleasant. The situation in the tourist entry market cannot be called anything but critical. The number of foreign citizens who come to Russia for sightseeing and educational recreation amounted to 2.38 million, which is almost 17% less than in 2004. Almost all directions without exception demonstrated negative dynamics. The drop in the number of Polish tourists (-62%) was especially noticeable. Citizens of the countries of Western Europe - Swiss, Norwegians, French, Greeks, Danes, and also Japanese - have also lost interest in Russia.
The flow of tourists from Spain, Belgium, Israel has increased. Sweden became the leader in terms of growth dynamics. Attention is drawn to the increase in the number of guests from the UK, Turkey, Mongolia and Australia.
There are also problems in the outbound tourism sector - almost 6.8 million Russian citizens went abroad for tourism purposes last year. This is 3.5% more than in 2004. But in comparison with 2003-2004, when this indicator increased by 10-15%, it is difficult to call this dynamics good.
Attention is drawn to a sharp increase in the number of tourists from Russia to China, Italy, Egypt, Spain, France, Greece, Bulgaria, Lithuania, India, Serbia and Montenegro (94.7%), Korea. The departure of our citizens to Poland, Thailand, Malta has noticeably decreased.
(statistics of Russian tourism on the screen, advertising of holidays in Malaysia - slide - plot)
? Representative of the travel agency "Health";
- What resorts could you recommend to the residents of our country for recovery
Answer: Medical and recreational recreation is becoming more and more popular with Russian travelers. Many clients believe that it is already unfashionable to just go on a tour abroad, tours in which relaxation is combined with medical and recreational procedures are considered popular and prestigious. Resorts in Eastern Europe are the most popular holiday destination for Russian tourists. Almost all tour operators operating in this market segment predict an increase in client demand for wellness programs in Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria in the 2006 season.
For example, the office of the Polish representative office expects that the number of Russians traveling to the country for health-improving purposes will grow by about 12% this year; last year there were 32,000 of our compatriots here. It should be noted that on a global scale, Polish health resorts are visited by 8% of all those wishing to improve their health. Health resorts in Hungary are very popular, the most popular destinations for Russian tourists are Budapest and Lake Heviz.
The favorable price-quality ratio attracts more and more tourists to the resorts of Bulgaria. Today, here you can get almost all medical, health and beauty services that are offered in Western Europe, but at lower prices. Now tourists from our country are in third place in terms of the number of tourists in the resorts of Bulgaria. Resorts in Slovakia and the Czech Republic have a good medical base. If Czech Karlovy Vary is famous for its drinking water and social life, then in Slovakia there are many thermal mineral springs with water for external use.
In the new season, the tour operator in Israel is presenting its new destination - Jordan. The company offers a wide range of offers from treatment at the Dead Sea and recreation in Aqaba to various excursion programs around the country. In January, an introductory tour of the resorts of the French Alps was made. Resorts of Israel are in great demand: in 2004, 1.5 million people visited Israel, in 2005 - 2 million tourist arrivals. The positive dynamics was largely due to the guests from Russia. The growth rate of tourist flow to Israel has grown over the past year by 25% and this is not the limit.
? Representative of the travel company "Nature"
What natural objects are in the greatest demand among the world's population?
Answer: The creations of human hands are beautiful, but nothing can strike our imagination like the beauty of nature. Nature! Here is the main architect of the planet!
only she is subject to the creation of grandiose and majestic waterfalls,
fire-breathing mountains, emerald forests.
We invite you to watch the video "Wonders of nature - the great waterfalls of the world."
? To the representative of the travel agency "Siberia":
What types of recreation do Siberians prefer?
Answer: Analysis of departures of NSO residents and a slide advertisement for Egypt
? Representative of the travel agency "Tourism and Sport"
What regions of the world can you suggest for sports tourism?
Answer: Two countries compete here - Austria and Andorra. In the past season, ski tours in Andorra enjoyed great success, as this was due to higher prices and rules for entering this country. The most popular region of Andorra among Russians is still the capital of Andorra la Vella. This year, about 40% of tourists went here.
In the future, the Caucasus, the Krasnaya Polyana region, where there are all conditions for sports tourism, will be of great importance. This resort has been announced to host the 2014 Winter Olympics.
(Slide show across Andorra). Analysis of maps for tourism.
Assessment of the world's recreational resources:
- How can you evaluate the recreational resources of the world?
- Is it possible to say that recreational resources are limitless?
- Can the territory of the NSO be of recreational value?
Teacher:
So, the main purpose of recreational resources is to maintain physical strength, emotional mood of a person, maintain health and spiritual enrichment. As tourists enter the last protected corners of the globe, the fate of our planet's nature is of great concern.
Recreational resources, like any other resources, require rational use. In order to expand the recreational resources of the world, it is planned to carry out the following activities:
- creation of new green zones, national parks;
- development of modern infrastructure;
- development of the tourism industry based on respect for natural, cultural and historical attractions.
During the lesson, students mark the areas of world tourism on a contour map.
Homework: work on contour maps, message or presentation of one of the recreational areas of the world.
Sinko Tatiana Petrovna,
geography teacher of the highest qualification category of the economic lyceum
abstract
"Recreational resources and their classification"
Introduction
In the development of tourism and recreation, the role of recreational resources is great. Therefore, in order to determine the possibilities of using any territory for recreational purposes, it is necessary to study and evaluate those recreational and tourist resources that the territory possesses.
Under recreational resources understands the components of the natural environment and the phenomena of a socio-cultural nature, which, due to certain properties (uniqueness, originality, aesthetic appeal, therapeutic and recreational significance), can be used to organize various types and forms of recreational activities. Recreational resources are characterized by contrast with the usual human habitat and a combination of different natural and cultural environments. Any place that meets two criteria is recognized as a recreational resource:
1) the place is different from the habitat familiar to a person;
2) is represented by a combination of two or more naturally different environments;
Recreational resource classification
Recreational resources can be classified as follows:
1) by origin;
2) by types of recreational use;
3) by the rate of exhaustion;
4) whenever possible economic replenishment;
5) whenever possible, replacing some resources with others;
6) whenever possible, self-healing and cultivation;
The involvement of recreational resources in the process of recreational activities can be different in nature:
1) perceived visually - landscapes, sightseeing objects;
2) use without direct expenditure;
3) directly spent in the process of recreation;
By origin, natural recreational resources are subdivided into physical, biological, energy-informational.
Physical recreational resources are all the components of inanimate nature, referred to physical and geographical resources: geological, geomorphological, climatic, hydrological, thermal.
Energy-informational recreational resources are fields of noospheric nature that serve as factors of attractiveness of a locality or landscape and have a positive effect on the psychophysical (emotional and spiritual) state of a person. This type of resource is the basis for the development of cultural and religious tourism.
Biological recreational resources are understood as all components of wildlife, including soil, faunal, and floristic.
All natural recreational resources - physical, biological, energy-informational, are interconnected and inextricably linked by flows of matter and energy; they form complex recreational resources of natural-territorial recreational complexes;
On this basis, the types of natural recreational resources have been identified: geological, morphological, climatic, etc. Each type of natural recreational resources has characteristics inherent only to them, on the basis of which the following types are distinguished:
1) whenever possible use (direct and indirect).
2) by the degree of attractiveness;
3) for medical and health-improving properties;
4) by historical and evolutionary uniqueness;
5) according to environmental criteria.
Recreational resources are largely derived from the recreational needs of the population, which in turn are determined by the tasks of socio-cultural development of the territory. Thus, the main reason and factor for the transformation of the totality of certain properties of the territory into recreational resources is the needs of the socio-cultural development of the territory.
Tourism resources are understood as a combination of natural components, socio - economic conditions and cultural values, which act as conditions for satisfying human tourist needs. Tourism resources can be divided into the following groups:
1) natural - climate, water resources, relief, caves, flora and fauna, national parks, picturesque landscapes;
2) cultural and historical - cultural, historical, archaeological, ethnographic objects;
3) socio-economic conditions and resources - the economic and geographical position of the territory, its transport accessibility, the level of economic development, labor resources, etc.
It should be noted that recreational resources are a broader concept than tourist ones, since they include the components of nature, socio - economic conditions and cultural values \u200b\u200bas a condition for satisfying all recreational human needs, including medical ones.
To identify the recreational opportunities of the territory, it is important to conduct a recreational assessment of natural resources; assessment is a reflection of the connection between a person (subject) and elements of the environment or the environment as a whole. In science, there are three main assessments of natural resources: biomedical, psychological and aesthetic, technological.
Climate plays a leading role in biomedical assessments. When analyzing, it is necessary to identify the comfort of conditions, determined by climatic and medico-biological characteristics, but the concept of "comfort" is relative, since for some types of recreation (for example, ski trips), conditions typical for the winter period of the middle zone and for the transitional seasons of the northern territories can be considered comfortable.
The psychological assessment takes into account, first of all, the aesthetic qualities of the territory - exoticism and uniqueness. The exoticism of the territory is defined as the degree of contrast between the place of rest in relation to the permanent place of residence, and uniqueness - as the degree of occurrence or uniqueness of objects and phenomena. Scientists have proposed a number of provisions for measuring the aesthetic properties of the territory. So, the most attractive landscapes are borderline: water-land, forest-glade, hill-plain.
Technological assessment reflects the interaction of man and the natural environment through the "technology" of recreational activities and technology. Firstly, the possibilities for a certain type of recreation are assessed, and, secondly, the possibilities of engineering and construction development of the territory.
The economic assessment of natural recreational resources is necessary for the economic justification of investments in the reproduction, protection and improvement of the use of recreational resources. This assessment is closely related to the type of resource, its quality, location in relation to areas of demand, technology of use, environmental qualities. The connection can be expressed by a system of qualitative and quantitative indicators. The quantitative ones include the availability of recreation and tourism places, their carrying capacity, the consumption of medical resources per person per day, the concentration of people in recreational areas, etc. Qualitative indicators take into account the attractiveness of the tourist site, landscape, level of comfort, etc.
A particular difficulty in assessing recreational resources lies in the fact that they must be considered both from the standpoint of recreation organizers and from the standpoint of vacationers. The effectiveness of recreation is determined by the possibility of combining different types of activities, which implies the need for an integrated approach to resource assessment. When assessing resource combinations, it is important to identify the weight and significance of individual components that make up the total value of the natural complex.
There are various methods for assessing natural recreational resources, but the most common and most appropriate for a comprehensive recreational analysis of the territory is the assessment of the degree of favorableness of certain parameters for recreational research. When considering natural resources, it is advisable to apply a factor-based integral assessment of a resource depending on the type of recreational activity in which this resource is used.
Also, for the development of the tourism industry, it is of great importance to take into account the norms of anthropogenic pressure on natural complexes, since the illiterate exploitation of natural resources has a detrimental effect on the ecological state of natural complexes. Thus, a prerequisite for the suitability of natural recreational resources is the ecological well-being of the natural environment.
Varieties of natural recreational resources
Among recreational and tourist resources, the role and importance of natural recreational resources is especially great. They are classified into:
1) climatic;
2) geomorphological;
3) hydrological;
4) hydromineral;
5) soil and vegetable;
6) faunal.
A special place among them is occupied by landscape and natural resources, which are complex recreational resources.
Let's consider some types of natural recreational resources.
Climatic recreational resources.
Climatic recreational resources - are meteorological elements or their combinations with medico-biological properties and are used in the process of recreation.
This type of recreational resources is fundamental. Certain types of climate contribute to an effective increase in the physical and spiritual strength of a person both by themselves and in combination with other natural resources that can be classified as recreational in the region. In this sense, climatic recreational resources can have a regional dimension.
The impact of climate on the human body is called bioclimate. In accordance with this, bioclimatic parameters differ from the usual meteorological characteristics, since they represent the complex effect of the meteorological characteristics of air masses on the human body: temperature, wind speed, humidity, pressure.
To assess the bioclimate, all bioclimatic parameters are considered according to the degree of their favorable impact on the human body. At the same time, unfavorable factors that exert an increased load on the adaptive systems of the human body are called irritating. Meteorological conditions leading to less pronounced tension of adaptive mechanisms in the human body are called coaching. In general, they are relatively favorable, and for most people who do not suffer from serious illnesses, they are useful conditions that have a training effect. Mild climatic conditions are favorable for all people without exception, including for weakened patients who are on medical rest in a sanatorium or a resort.
