The project is the history of the origin of Russian names. Scientific work on the topic: “The origin of modern Russian names (creation of a dictionary). Number of scientific names High school congruent with teaches

Methodical passport of the project.

1.The name of the project: "The origin of Russian names"

2. Worked on the project: Fedyaeva E.V. and grade 10 students;

3. Project manager: Fedyaeva Elena Valerievna;

4. Name of institution: MBOU Mginskaya secondary school

5.Participants of the project: Antipkina Natalia, Bokova Olga, Bondarenko Victoria, Vasilyeva Anastasia, Dringel Angelina, Dukhov Alexander, Isametova Ksenia, Smirnov Pavel;

6. Year of development of the training project: 2017;

7. Purpose of the project: Tell about the origin of the names;

8. Tasks: Tell about the origin of Slavic names

Stages: Acquaintance with Slavic names, history of their origin;

9. Form of organization of children: Group work, extracurricular activities;

10.Technologies used: Multimedia, Internet, scientific and historical literature;

11. Form of products of project activities: Multimedia presentation, booklets;

12. Method of presenting the results at the presentation: Event ;

13. Types of project presentation: Demonstration on a computer;

14. Subject area: History;

15. Working time: Mid-term March 2017;

16. Mode of operation (organizational form): Lesson and extracurricular;

17. Technical equipment:

Computer classes with Internet access

Personal computers with licensed software (Microsoft Office (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, MS Front Page, MS Publisher), Macromedia Flash, Macromedia Dreamweaver, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, Adobe Photosh op)

18. Information equipment: Printed sources and Internet resources on the subject of the project;

19. Personnel equipment: History teacher, Librarian.

How the Russian Nomenologium was formed

The Russian Orthodox namebook has been developing for more than one century. The ancient native Russian names originated in the pre-Christian era. They were pagan Slavic nicknames, quite clear in meaning. The reasons for the emergence of this or that name were very different: religious motives, circumstances of birth, appearance, character, etc. played a role in this. Scientists have several main groups of Slavic names. These are names taken from the animal and plant world (Pike, Ruff, Hare, Wolf, Eagle, Nut, Borsch); names given depending on the order of birth (Pervusha, Vtorak, Tretyak); names of gods and goddesses (Lada, Yarilo); names given by human qualities (Brave, Stoyan). Sometimes the child was named, focusing on some noticeable trait of his character (Zabava, Krik, Istoma, Molchan, Neulyba, Smeyan, Nesmeyan) or the attitude towards him in the family (Goluba, Lyubim, Nezhdan, Chayan, Milava, Pospel, Hoten and etc.).

Several Scandinavian names that came to us with the Vikings in the pagan period were added to the Slavic names: Rurik, Oleg, Igor, Gleb, Rogvolod. The only pagan name of Turkic origin was probably the name Boris. After the 17th century, the ancient pagan Slavic and Scandinavian names, with a few exceptions, disappeared. True, they did not leave us at all, passing over time into Russian surnames (Nekrasov, Zhdanov, Naydenov). Some pre-Christian names of canonized Russian saints later became calendar names. In the XI-XII centuries, several princes were canonized under Christian, that is, Greek, names: Vladimir as Vasily, Boris as Roman, Gleb as David, Vsevolod as Gabriel, Igor as George. Later, the Church recognized five more Slavic names - Yaroslav, Mstislav, Rostislav, Vyacheslav, Svyatoslav and one Scandinavian - Oleg. True, these names were never given to the saints, even as a middle name. Apart from these exceptions, all Russian official names were Church Slavonic, that is, Byzantine-Greek in origin.

Male names.

Slavic names.

As we noted above, very few ancient Slavic male names have survived to this day. We list several such names: Vyacheslav, Vladislav, Stanislav, Mstislav, Rostislav, Yaroslav, Boris, Bogdan, Vladimir, Vsevolod and some others. Most of the primordially Russian male names have long been forgotten. In our time, such names as Bogomil, Velimudr, Gudimir, Dobrynya, Zhdan, Kazimir, Milorad, Svetloyar, Tikhomir, Yarolyub, etc. are no longer found.

Greek male names.

Among Russian male names of foreign origin, Greek is the most common. It was these names that were most often used as baptismal ones and received the widest distribution in Russia. Names such as Vasily, Peter, Nikolai, Cyril, Fedor, Stepan are Greek in origin.

Latin male names.

Many of the Russian male names have Latin roots. These include the names Pavel, Valentin, Sergey, Victor, Konstantin.

Jewish names.

Quite a few modern male names are of Jewish origin. The Russian name Ivan is derived from the Hebrew word "Yahweh", which means "God has mercy." The following names also have Jewish origin: Daniel, Gabriel, Zakhar (Zachariah), Matthew, Savely, Benjamin.

Women's names.

Slavic names ..

Only a small part of the primordially Russian female names of Slavic origin have survived to our time. Now it is no longer possible to meet Beloslav or Goluba, Dobromila or Zoryana, Negomira or Svetogora, Tomil or Yagodina. Such names as Vera, Lyudmila, Vlada, Nadezhda, Svetlana have become very rare ... As in the case of male names, most of the modern female names are of foreign origin.

Greek names.

Among all Russian female names with foreign roots, the most are names of Greek origin. The Greek names are Maria, Varvara, Anastasia, Polina, Elena, Ekaterina, etc.

Latin names.

Names of Latin origin are considered the most common after the Greek ones. These are names such as Marina, Natalia, Valentina, Julia, Margarita.

Jewish names.

Many of today's female names have Jewish roots. It is rather difficult to recognize them, since they entered Russian culture many centuries ago and have long been perceived as Russians. Jewish roots have the following names - Anna, Elizabeth, Tamara, Yana.

Research

Most common teacher names .

№ AND ABOUT. Teacher.

Number of scientific names The senior grades are congruent with the teaching.

1. Tatiana Vyacheslavovna

The most common

2. Diana Viktorovna

With the given name at school

3. Natalya Valerievna

3 students + 3 teachers

Natalia Nikolaevna

1. Nikita Sergeevich

Ryashina Natalya Nikolaevna

The most common 5 people.

2. Dmitry Pavlovich

With the given name at school

3. Kirill Viktorovich

Andrey Alekseevich

Rare names.

№ AND ABOUT. Teachers

Inna Vitalievna

Number of students with the same name.

3. Margarita Nikolaevna

4. Oksana Vladimirovna

2. Lyudmila Alexandrovna

Valentina Mikhailovna

Lyudmila Petrovna

4. Galina Borisovna

5. Elena Valerievna

6. Irina Andreevna

Irina Alekseevna

7. Anna Alexandrovna

Common student names.

Girls.

2. Anastasia

7 people

6 persons

3. Ekaterina

Boys

Alexander

Number of people with a given name

5 people

7 people

6 persons

5 people

Rare names

Boys.

Girls.

Galina
Irina
Elena
Regina
Bogdan
Valeria
Tamara
Ulyana
Praskovya
Alexandra
Larissa
Nastasya
Love
Sophia
Elizabeth
Alice
Angelina
Valentine.

Ruslan
Vadim
Ilaha
William
Denis
Eldar
Gennady
Vyacheslav
Khochatur
Renat
Christian
Gregory
Vladislav
Vladimir
Danila
Timur

19 Timothy

21. Yaroslav

22. Michael.

Meaning of Names.

The name Alexander in translation from Greek means "protector", "protecting husband", "man", "man".

The name Vladimir is a Slavic name. It consists of two parts: "Vlad" (to own) and "the world" - it turns out "owning the world"

The name Vadim refers to the ancient Aryan combination "sowing confusion", "to argue."

The name Gennady is translated from Greek as "noble", "noble origin".

The name Eugene, translated from Greek means "noble", literally this name can be translated as "with good genes"

The name Ivan comes from the ancient Hebrew John and in translation means "have mercy on God."

The name Constantine in translation from Latin means "persistent", "constant".

The name Michael, translated from the ancient Hebrew language, means “equal, like God,” there is also a translation option - “requested from God”.

The name Nikita is translated from Greek as "winner".

The name Oleg has Scandinavian roots, comes from the Old Scandinavian name Helgi, which is translated by the Scandinavians as "sacred", "holy", and among the Germanic peoples - "lucky", translation is possible as "bright", "clear".

The name Paul, translated from the Latin language ("Paulus") means "small", "insignificant", "baby".

The name Roman, translated from the Latin word “Romanus”, means “Roman”, “Roman”, “from Rome”.

The name Sergei comes from the Roman generic name Sergius, which is a Roman generic name, comes from Sergius

The name Yuri is the Russian form of the Greek name George, meaning "farmer"

The name Anastasia is the female form of the male name Anastasia. Translated from the Greek language it means "return to life", "resurrection", "resurrected", "reborn", "immortal". The folk Russian form is Nastasya.

The name Angelina comes from the late Latin male name Angelus, derived from the Greek "angelos", and means "messenger, angel."

The name Valentine, translated from Latin, means “strong”, “healthy”.

The name Victoria comes from the Latin word "Victoria", meaning "victory".

The name Elizabeth is of Hebrew origin and literally means “my God is an oath”, “worshiping God”, “conjuring with God”.

The name Irina, translated from the ancient Greek language, means "peace, rest".

The name Mary has a Hebrew origin, meaning variants - "bitter", "desired", "serene".

The name Natalya is very ancient, it was formed in the first centuries of Christianity from the Latin "Natalis Domini", meaning "birth", "Christmas".

The name Olga means "holy", "sacred", "bright", "clear", "wise", "fatal".

The name Svetlana is a Slavic, Russian name. It was formed by adding two concepts "light" and "lan". "Light" means literally - "light", "lan" in Old Russian means "earth".

The name Xenia, translated from Greek "xenos", means "hospitable", also translated as "wanderer", "foreigner", "guest", "stranger".

The name Tatiana, translated from the ancient Greek language, means "organizer", "founder", formed from the Greek "tatto", meaning "I set, establish, affirm."

The name Julia came to the Russian language from the Greek language and means "curly", "wavy", "fluffy".

Interesting Facts.

When Europeans first saw the giraffe, they called it a camel-bird, thinking it was a camel-leopard hybrid.

Dolphins have names. Moreover, each baby dolphin gets its name at birth. Scientists proved this fact by recording a whistle signal, meaning a name, to which the same dolphin responded.

Most of the inhabitants of Iceland do not have the usual surname, but are designated by name and patronymic. For example, Magnus Karlsson is Magnus, son of Karl, and Anna Karlsdottir is Anna, daughter of Karl.

Horse racing rules state that the name of a running horse should not exceed eighteen letters. Names that are too long are cumbersome to write.

Until 1913, most of the inhabitants of Thailand did not have surnames, only first names (mostly villagers).

In Pennsylvania in 1979, two unusual birth names were registered - Pepsi and Cola.

The Italians recorded a record number of Mario, named Rossi, among their citizens. For inexplicable reasons, all the boys born in the Rossi families are named exactly Mario.

In Hawaii, the youngest daughter of the owner of one of the local restaurants entered a school in Honolulu. Her name and surname consist of 102 letters. In Russian, her name means: "Numerous beautiful flowers of mountains and valleys begin to fill Hawaii in length and breadth with their fragrance." They could not add it to the cool journal :)

In America, about 2.5 people carry the surname Smith - this is the most popular surname in the United States.

More than ninety million Chinese people respond to the surname Li, and for some Li not only the surname, but also the first name. Thanks to the fertility of their Chinese comrades, there are much more people with the surname Li than the Ivanovs and Smiths combined.

After the revolution of 17, people wanted to reflect the era in the names of their children. Therefore, in the 20s and 30s, many new names appeared. Some of them took root: Kim (abbreviation: Communist Youth International), Oktyabrina, Vladlen (from Vladimir Lenin). But not all names were successful. Many have not stood the test of time. Here are the rarest and most dissonant ones: Lagshmivar (Schmidt's camp in the Arctic), CAC (Central Pharmacy Warehouse), Persostratus (First Soviet stratospheric balloon), legendary Dazdraperma (Long live May Day).

The famous artist Pablo Picasso is known to everyone. But not everyone knows the full set of his name and surname. Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomukeno Crispin Crispiano de la Santisima Trinidad Ruiz and Picasso. There are 93 letters in his first and last name. After all, Picasso is a Spaniard, and in Spain such a magnificent set of names is not at all uncommon.

Entrepreneur and philanthropist Savva Mamontov named his five children so that their initials were the name of their father: Sergei, Andrei, Vsevolod, Vera and Alexandra.

In 1958, a New Yorker, Robert Lane, gave his next son the name Winer ("winner"), and three years later, a son was born again, who received the name Luser ("loser"). Loser became a rather successful man - he graduated from high school and college, joined the police, where he became a detective, and then a sergeant. Wiener, in turn, survived more than 30 arrests for misdemeanors, eventually imprisoned for two years, and now lives in a homeless shelter.

Ancient Roman women had no personal names. They received only a generic name, for example, Julia, if she was born in the genus Juliev. If there were several daughters in one family, ordinal names were added to their generic names: Secunda (second), Tertia (third), etc.

When the Apostle Thomas was told about the resurrection of the crucified Christ, he declared: "... if I do not see His wounds from the nails on my hands, and I do not put my finger in His wounds, and I do not put my hand in His ribs, I will not believe." Today, any person who is difficult to convince of anything is called "Thomas the unbeliever."

The tradition of naming names in Russia dates back to pre-Christian times. Any word associated with custom, habits, appearance, environment, could "stick" to a person and become his name. Here are some of them. Numerical names - First, Vtorak, Tretyak. Associated with external signs - Chernyava, Belyak, Malyuta. With character traits - Molchan, Smeyana, Istoma. With wildlife - Bull, Pike, Oak. Or with a craft - Spoon, Blacksmith, Fur coat.

The name Ivan has practically become a household name for a Russian person, and for good reason: until 1917, every fourth peasant in the Russian Empire bore this name. Moreover, the passportless vagabonds who fell into the hands of the police often called themselves Ivans, which led to the emergence of the stable expression "Ivan, who does not remember kinship."

In the pre-Christian era, that is, almost until the end of the 10th century, among the Eastern Slavs (the ancestors of modern Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians), only personal names were used that were given to children at birth.

These were pagan Slavic names, generally clear in meaning: Yaroslav ‘strong and glorious’; Ostromir ‘sharp and glorious’; Vsevolod ‘everything and the owner’; Lyudmila "dear to people", etc. Diminutive forms of ancient Slavic names, for example, Dobrynya, Dobrilo (from Dobroslav or Dobrogost), Putolo (from Putislav), Zhidyata (from Zhidislav), were apparently more popular and, accordingly, were more widely used than full names.

Later, several Scandinavian names were added to the Slavic names, introduced during the pagan period by the Viking conquerors: Rurik (Hrorekr), Oleg (Helgi ‘saint’), Igor (Ingvar ‘young’), Gleb (Gudleifr, equivalent to German Gottlieb) and Olga. In Kievan Rus Varangian names were exclusively princely, the common people did not use them.

After the Christianization of Rus in 988, every Eastern Slav received a baptismal name from a priest. The baptismal names corresponded to the names of the saints and were therefore common Christian names.

However, these names are not of Slavic, but of Greek origin. They came to the Eastern Slavs from Byzantium through Bulgaria, where Christianity was adopted even earlier, in 865.

The practice of giving the child, in addition to the official baptismal name, one more, non-baptismal, nevertheless persisted until the 17th century.

In Old Russian, to denote intra-family everyday nicknames, the expression worldly name was first used, as opposed to the word name, which denoted the real name received at baptism. But soon the term worldly name was supplanted by the term nickname.

In onomastic and historical works, the term non-calendar name is often found. It means a name that cannot be found in the church calendar, where only Christian names were listed, that is, the names of the saints of the Orthodox Church.

The first text about which it is reliably known that it was written in Russia was the Gospel, rewritten in 1056-1057. for the Novgorod mayor, who in the postscript was designated in baptism Joseph, and the worldly name Ostromir.

If the baptismal name was mandatory, since every child was baptized, then the nickname was not mandatory, and its form completely depended on the parents.

In the XI-XII centuries. several princes were numbered among the saints. All of them were canonized under Christian, that is, Greek names: Vladimir as Vasily, Boris as Roman, Gleb as David (all three died in 1015), Vsevolod as Gabriel (died in 1138), Igor as George (died in 1147). Curiously, however, their Christian names were forgotten, and now they are known as saints only by pagan names. It happened pretty soon. Already in the middle of the XI century. St. Vladimir / Vasily is referred to by the church as Vladimir. The Grand Duke of Smolensk Mstislav Romanovich (died in 1223) had the Christian name Boris.

Later, the church recognized four other Slavic names - Yaroslav, Mstislav, Rostislav and Svyatoslav, although these names were never given to the saints even as a middle name. Subsequently, two more names were adopted by the church: one Slavic - Vyacheslav, the Russian equivalent of the name of the Czech saint of the 10th century. Vyacheslav (Vaclav, Venceslas), and one Scandinavian - Oleg, although there has never been a saint with that name. In addition to these exceptions, the entire Russian official list of names was Church Slavonic, that is, Byzantine-Greek in origin.

In Russia, for a long time, only the Church could give a name to a person, only in 1905 this prerogative of the Church was somewhat weakened. Since 1917, it has become possible to call a child any name without any restrictions.

According to the ancient Russian traditional method of naming, almost every Russian could have two names - a baptismal and a middle name, which could be of very different origins. The second name could be a nickname given not only by parents, but also by neighbors or even an individual to himself.

Names serve for naming people - when communicating and addressing, and to distinguish one person from another - when listing, describing or narrating. But there are many more people than names, so many different people bear one name. How, then, are they to be distinguished? Additional names and the entire naming convention come to the rescue. The name of a person in antiquity, the names of the times of the USSR and in tsarist Russia was discussed. Let's continue the conversation on the topic the history of the emergence of Russian names.

Names in Ancient Rome

In ancient Rome, for people of the possessing classes, there was the following naming order: preomen (pre - name), nomen (name) and cognomen (family name) - Gaius Julius Caesar. Sometimes there was also a fourth name: agnomenes (nickname) - Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus the Elder.

The history of the emergence of names in different countries of the world

In most languages, a personal name and a generic name (according to the father, mother, place of birth) are used: Isaac Newton, Prosper Merimee, Mikhailo Lomonosov, Leonardo da Vinci, Lope de Vega.

For kings, tsars, rulers, the surname was often replaced by a nickname: Vladimir Monomakh, Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan the Terrible, Pipin Korotkiy, John Landless, Henrikh Ptitselov, while the nickname, unlike the surname, is always translated into other languages.

For some peoples, it is customary to call children a chain of names: Johann-Wolfgang Goethe, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, George-Gordon Byron, Jose-Raul Capablanca y Grauper (here is a double surname). It happens that the chain of names goes on and on; for example, the medieval alchemist Paracelsus was called: Philippe-Aureol-Theophrastus-Bombast, Count von Hohenheim, and in one drama by Victor Hugo, one aristocrat is named: Gil-Basilio-Fernand-Ireneo - Felippe-Frasco-Frasquito count de
Belveran. Even in the 19th century, the heir to the Spanish throne bore the name: Don Pedro - d'Alcantara - Maria Fernando - Gonzago-Xavier-Miguel - Gibriel-Raphazel-Antonio - Joaon Leopoldo Francisco - d'Assisi - Saxe - Coburg-Gotha de Braganza -e-bourbon! (This is reported by L. V. Uspensky in the book "What does your name mean?", 1940)

Names in Ancient Rus. Names before the Baptism of Rus

What is the situation with names in Russian? Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia (X century) among privileged classes there were such names as Lyubomir, Ostromir, Svyatoslav, Rostislav, Yaroslav, Lyudmila, Rogneda, Voislav and the like. With the adoption of Christianity "according to the Eastern rite" under the Kiev prince Vladimir, new names appeared, which appeared in the church canons and therefore are called canonical; they were given during the performance of the "sacrament of baptism."

In ancient Russia these names served as legal names of people and were put in the first place in acts, bills of sale and other documents. However, the habit of using old names that did not appear in the lists and canons of the church persisted for a long time in Russia, at least until the 17th century. At the same time, double names are constantly encountered in ancient Russian documents: “... by the name of Milonog. Peter by baptism. " Or: "... Zhdan pomirsk, and in baptism Mikula" etc. Thus, for several centuries, along with the canonical names: Alexander, Alexey, Daniel, Dimitri, Konstantin, Nikita, Nikolai, Peter, Roman, Sergei, etc. n. - non-canonical names were also in use, which were more used in everyday communication and in second place in letters: Pervusha, Vtor, Tretyak (according to the chronology of birth); Zhdan, Nezhdan, Nechay (according to the circumstances of birth); Guban, Ushak, Plekhan, Shcherbak, Nesmeyan, Gloom, Bulgak, Malice, Istoma, Druzhina (by physical and mental properties); Wolf, Horse, Thrush, Ruff (by the name of animals, birds, fish); as well as Tail, Frost, Fur Coat, Cannon, etc.

IN history of Russian names these names are more reminiscent of nicknames, which, however, could not only distinguish people with the same canonical names, but also move later into surnames, which we will talk about next time.

Judging even by the examples given, one can see that proper names, as a rule, come from common nouns, but since proper names pass from one nation to another and live for centuries in a different linguistic environment, then most often they "mean" in some in another language, in this language this borrowed name is only proper and does not mean anything, but only names.

Russian canonical names are borrowed from Greek, Latin, Hebrew languages, from ancient Germanic languages, where they were at the same time common nouns (as in Russian: Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov). Here are some examples:

greek: George ("farmer"), Alexander ("defender of husbands"). Apollo ("destroyer"), Arkhip ("commander of the cavalry"), Ippolit ("unharnessing horses"), Philip ("lover of horses"), Nikifor ("victorious"),
latin: Victor ("winner"), Victoria ("victory"), Valentin, Valery, Valerian ("healthy"), Marina ("sea"), Juvenaly ("youthful"),
hebrew: Anna ("grace"), Gabriel ("divine warrior"), Michael ("divine"), Mary ("bitter").
old Scandinavian: Igor (one of the names of the god of thunder in connection with the common noun var - "army, strength"), Oleg, Olga ("sacred, majestic").

It is quite clear that in Russian names Anna, Mikhail, Maria, Nikifor, etc., there is no common noun meaning. These are just names.

Many Slavic names are translations of foreign languages, for example: Zlata - Greek. Chris, Bogdan - Greek. Theodor (Fedor), Militsa - Greek. Kharita, Vera - Greek. Pistis, Nadezhda - Greek. Elkis, Love - Greek. Agape, lat. Amata, etc.

Many Russian names have parallel variants that have arisen due to different transmission of the same foreign-language name: Evdokia-Avdotya, Ksenia-Aksinya, Glykeria-Lukerya, Anastasia-Nastasya, Georgy-Yuri-Yegor, Paraskeva-Praskovya, etc.

The original appearance of many borrowed names has changed greatly in the practice of the Russian language, for example: Joseph-Osip, Eleazar - Lazar, Dionysius - Denis, Cosma - Kuzma, Emmanuel - Manuila, Eustathius - Ostafiy, Stakhei, Johanaan - Ivan.

Pre-revolutionary years

The desire to update the repertoire of names manifested itself in pre-revolutionary times, when the fashion for ancient Russian names went, although many of them were also non-Slavic in origin, for example, Oleg, Igor (the fashionable poet of that time Igor Severyanin wrote: “How good that I am separate, that I am Igor , and not Ivan ... "), at the same time," romantic "and" exotic "names also came into fashion: Tamara, Isabella, Valentina (for the same Igor Severyanin:" Valentina! How much passion! Valentina! How terrible ... It was at a concert at a medical institute ... "). How can we not recall Nastya from Gorky's play "At the Bottom", when the Baron says about her: "Today is Raoul, tomorrow is Gaston ... Fatal love, lady!"

1920 - 1930

In the 1920s, the craving for "romantic" names intensified. It was possible to announce the name change through the Izvestia newspaper. And so Fekla and Matryona began to change their names to Evelyn, Leonor and Venus, and Terenty and Sidora to Alfredov and Richards (remember the loser from the movie "A Musical Story" by Alfred Terentyevich Tarakanov ...).

On top of this, two more types of names appeared:

1) names from common nouns and derivatives from them, which corresponded to the ideology and phraseology of the revolutionary era of the 20s: Labor, International, Struggle, Kommunar, Traktor, Detector - for boys; Spark, Zvezda, Tractorina, Ideal (!) - for girls ..;
2) names formed from personal names of revolutionaries and their own, generated by the revolutionary era: Marxin, Engelsin, Lenin, Comintern, Oktyabrin ...

In addition, due to the general tendency of the business language of that time to abbreviations and abbreviations (that is, designations for the first letters), names appeared from abbreviations of names and slogans: Vlad (i) flax. Maplen, Borzamir, Dazamira, Zanarzema, Revmira, Renata, Gertrude, Lagshmivara ...

And also abbreviations from the first letters of names and slogans: Viracles, Vilora.

Many parents put their children in an absurd position, since it was very difficult to "guess" the ideological meaning of the name, and it is much easier to attribute it to a well-known number of names. So, Gertrude ("heroine of labor") coincides with the German name Gertrude, Kim ("Communist International of Youth") - with Korean, Renata ("revolution - science - labor") - with Italian, and those who bear these names seem, alas, foreigners !

The same thing happened with abbreviations and shape-shifters: Vilora is perceived as an Italian name. Ninel - like French, Viracles - like Greek (cf. Hercules, Pericles), Borzamir - like Old Russian (cf. Ostromir, Jaromir), and Lagshmivara suggests India ...

And no decryptions like Vilor - “V. I. Lenin - the father of the revolution ”or Disar -“ Baby, go for the revolution ”does not help here. The type of the word decides everything for a given language. That is why so quickly the Ideal turned into Ida, Ninel - into Nina, and Struggle - into Boris.

The names of the Soviet era in the 60s were very variegated. Basically, these were, of course, canonical names such as Alexander, Vasily, Ivan, Peter, Pavel, Sergei, as well as Natalia, Tatiana, Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov, Anna, Maria, Ekaterina ...

From these names, customary diminutives have long existed: Sasha, Shura, Vasya, Vanya, Petya, Pasha, Natasha, Tanya, Nadya, Masha, Katya ... These names are familiar and common, they are the most durable in the Russian history of names and have existed for tens of centuries. It is these names that are still common in the Russian language.

Based on the materials of the magazine "Family and School", 1962

Vohrameeva Angela, Belman Kirill,

At one of the lessons of the First Steps circle association, we discussed the origin of the surnames of the children in our class. The meaning of some of the names of students in our class was understandable: Sokolova, Zernin and some others. But when we tried to explain the origin of our surnames: Belman, Vokhrameeva, it became clear that we need to refer to some sources.

Of course, we first turned to our parents. Our surnames are surnames, as is customary, the surnames of our fathers. Then it turned out that our mothers before marriage had completely different surnames: Vavilova, Gert. Then they talked with grandparents and other relatives. So it gradually became clear that each of us has a large number of people who lived before us and who gave us life. It became interesting, and who are these people.

We chose this topic, as we became interested in who our ancestors were, what their names were, what they did, how their life changed with the change of life in the country.

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MBOU Yartsevskaya secondary school №12

The origin of names and surnames in Russia

Research work.

Autos : Vohrameeva Angela, 3rd grade student

Belman Kirill, 3rd grade student

MBOU Yartsevskaya secondary school №12

Head: Zebzeeva M, I,

Primary school teacher

S. Yartsevo 2013 - 2014.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… 2

Chapter 1. Historical background:

1.1 Origin of surnames in Russia.

1. 2. Origin of names in Russia.

Chapter 2. Interpretation of the surnames of my family ……………………… .4

Chapter 3. Interpreting My Family Names ........................................... ........ 6

Chapter 4. Family tree of the Vohrameev family.

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… ... 10

List of used literature ………………………………………… .11

Appendix ……………………………………………………… ..presentation

Annotation to research work

Vokhrameeva Angela and Belman Kirill, students of the 3rd grade MBOU Yartsevskaya secondary school №12

We chose this topic, as we became interested in who our ancestors were, what their names were, what they did, how their life changed with the change of life in the country.

The purpose of our work is to study the origin of names and surnames in Russia and compile a genealogical tree.

To achieve this goal, we decided:

1. Learn the history of the origin of names in Russia.

2. Learn the history of the origin of surnames in Russia.

3. Establish the meaning of my family surnames.

4. Establish the meaning of my family names.

5. Make a tree of life for one of us.

To carry out this study, a partial search method was used, a large number of conversations were conducted. Literary sources and Internet resources were studied. Having studied literary sources and Internet resources, we learned a lot of new and interesting things. Then we divided the work: Kirill became more engaged in historical information, and Angela began to create a pedigree of a kind.

Angela began to conduct conversations with her grandparents. After conversations with close relatives about their origin and life, it became clear that this information is very little. They began to write and wait a long time for an answer from other relatives.

So the search expanded. Despite the fact that a large number of relatives were included in the search for information, information was collected only up to the third generation. This suggests that the sooner we start to be interested in the life of our ancestors, the better. Unfortunately, people die, and with them the information about their lives.

After the work, it became obvious that the life of every person is closely connected with all the events taking place in the country.

We want the result of our work to push other guys to take an active interest in the life of people of their kind.

Venue: MBOU Yartsevskaya secondary school No. 12, Krasnoyarsk Territory

Estimated results: Interest by other students in the history of the country and history of its own kind.

Chapter I.

1.Historical background

1.1 The origin of surnames in Russia

At the end of the XIX - at the beginning of the XX century, they begin to pay great attention to the study of proper names. Currently, there are many studies devoted to the naming of Russian people of different eras, dictionaries of names, surnames and pseudonyms have appeared.

In Russia, the formation of surnames began at the end of the XIV century. First of all, the boyars and noblemen began to receive surnames in connection with the establishment of a compulsory public service for them and the compilation of lists of service people.

Most of the noble surnames were formed from patronymics and dedication, less often - from the names of possessions, as was customary among the boyars and the Polish gentry. The formation of surnames among the nobility ended in the 17th century. In the 18th century, they began to give names to the clergy. Before graduation, the diocesan bishop came to the theological seminary and handed out surnames, most often by the name of the church in which the seminarian's father served.

From the middle of the 16th century, surnames began to appear among artisans and the urban population. However, even in the middle of the 19th century, there were still many nameless citizens.

In the 16th - 17th centuries, the peasantry began to transfer worldly names from father to son, i.e. began to become family nicknames (street names). Street surnames existed among many peasants, but they were not recorded anywhere and therefore were often changed.

Often the family had several different street names. The abolition of serfdom in 1861 caused a universal registration of the population. Surnames were handed out to tens of millions of liberated peasants. They transformed the patronymic or dedication into a surname, wrote down the surname of the former owner or one of the street names.

Surnames are divided into two main groups: baptismal and nickname. The baptismal surnames include Gerasimov, Andreyanov.Nicknames include such as Devyatkov, Shakhov, Shikov,.

Gerasimov. The source of the surname is the ancient Greek name Gerasim "gerasmios" - venerable. Guarana is a diminutive form of this name. Garsha is a derivative form of the name Gerasim. Other explanations for some of the names of this group are also possible. Garasin from the dialect verb garasit - to hit (Dal) Geshin from the abbreviated form of Gesha from Georgy or Gennady.

Shikov. Patronymic from the non-church Russian male name Shikh. In 1539 Shikh Myakinin was recorded in the Novgorod scribes. Probably, the etymology of this surname is the key to many Russian words: shish, shishiga, shishka, etc., which have common Slavic parallels. Shikh-grass is found in Old Russian folklore. According to I.G. Dobrodomova, the origin of the surname from the Muslim term sheikh is not excluded.

Andreyanov. In everyday life there were several names with a common origin: Andrei (from Greek - "courageous"), Andron ("winner"), Andronicus ("victorious"). Naturally, the names derived from them will be similar: Andron either from Andrey or from Andronicus, or the name itself, Androsh - either from Andrey or from Andronicus. The very name Andronicus, thanks to the suffix -ik, was perceived as affectionate and turned into everyday life in Andron. The very name Andreev is among the ten most common surnames in terms of frequency. Andrus and Andros can be formed on behalf of Anthrop.

Rylsky. This surname in 60% of cases is of Polish origin and comes either from Poland itself or from neighboring countries (Ukraine, Belarus). Almost all representatives of such surnames belonged to the Polish gentry. In 10% percent, the bearer of such a surname may be a descendant of an ancient Russian princely or boyar family. In both cases, the surname indicates, as a rule, the place where the distant ancestors of a person lived, or that city or village, where, according to legends, this genus originates, but it can also come from the name of a distant ancestor of a person. In addition, in 30% of cases such a surname was received by the ancestor of the clergyman when he graduated from the seminary. In these cases, the surname was given at the will of the leadership of the school and could be formed from the name of the area, the church holiday, the name of the saint.

Surname Shakhov. This surname is of Turkic origin and most likely comes from the Uzbek language. It is formed from the stem Shah, which means "ruler". From the Persian shah (sovereign), who penetrated into the Russian language not only as a common noun, but also as a personal name. The first of the Shakhovsky princes bore the loud nickname Shah. The origin of this surname from a nickname is confirmed by the absence of heraldic signs usually found in the coats of arms of genera genetically related to the East.

1.2. The origin of names in Russia

At first in Russia there were only nicknames and nicknames. They were given in appearance, for some significant life event or for the character of a person. These nicknames were dissonant: Peritoneum (because of a large belly), Buzga (chatterbox), Bazan (screamer), Reut (bassist), Iskar (tree uprooted), Scabbard (difficult, uncommunicative). They also came from the names of animals and plants, reflected the order of appearance of new family members and attitudes towards them - Kosoy, Ryaboy, Bel, Mal, Buyan, Molchan, Lyubim, Kozel, Komar, Zhdan, Wolf, Zayats, Pervusha, Tretyak, etc. etc. Over time, these nicknames began to be perceived as names.

With the adoption of Christianity in Russia, the situation changed. Now at baptism people began to give the so-called "baptismal" names. These names were given from a strictly defined list of names of saints, placed in the calendar - the church calendar. Therefore, the baptismal names were also called "calendar" names.

In Russia, the calendar of the Eastern Christian (Byzantine) Church was adopted, which later became known as Orthodox. Therefore, the calendar names were called Greek, although a significant part of them were of Hebrew origin. Most of the calendar names quickly adapted to the Russian pronunciation. John turned into Ivan, George - into Yuri and Egor, Jacob - into Jacob, etc. Later, the calendar included some pre-Christian names that belonged to Russian princes, numbered among the saints by the church: Vladimir, Boris, Gleb, Vsevolod, Igor, Svyatopolk.

The calendar names were unusual and unusual for the population and spread with great difficulty. The people did not see any advantages in them. Therefore, the world used the old non-calendar names, which, in contrast to the name received at baptism, were called "worldly name" or "nickname".

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the tradition of naming a baby began to gradually be forgotten, and children owe their name to the taste of their elders or, oddly enough, to changing fashion. And people with strange names were born. Sometimes the parents got to the point that a word they heard somewhere unfamiliar, just because they liked it, became the name of a beloved child. Often the child was given ridiculous and ridiculous names, but those who were doomed to be called Cinematograph or Illustration all their lives were not laughing.

But a lot depends on a person's name. The name carries different information, and there is even an opinion that it affects the character, way of thinking and behavior of a person. This is explained by the fact that the sounds that make up the name affect the consciousness of the individual.

Many families are gradually returning to the magnificent tradition and remembering the beautiful Russian names.

Philip is a Greek name. Means "horse lover".

Vladimir is an old Slavic name. Means "owning the world".

Peter is a Greek name. Means "stone, rock".

Nikolai is a Greek name. Means conqueror of nations. Ivan is a Hebrew name. Means God has mercy.

Fedora is a very rare name, translated from Greek it means "God-given", "dedicated by God."

Catherine is a Greek name. Means "pure, pure".

Marina is a Hebrew name. Means "beloved, desired".

Agafia is a Greek name. Means good, wise.

Eugenia is a Greek name. Means noble.

Pelageya. The name, which came from the ancient Greek language, means "sea".

Anna - from the Hebrew "grace of God" or "pretty".

Vera is a Russian name. Has the same meaning as the word "faith".

Artem is an ancient Greek name - "healthy", "unharmed"

Many of these names are old, you will not hear them in everyday life. Although, perhaps, several years will pass, and they will become popular again.

The origin of my family surnames.

My name is Vokhrameeva Angelica Mikhailovna. I was born on December 2, 2003 in the village of Yartsevo, Yenisei District, Krasnoyarsk Territory .. Now I am in 3rd grade, I am 10 years old.

And I also have a brother, his name is Nikita. Nikita is 5 years old. He was born on February 1, 2008 in the village of Yartsevo. He goes to kindergarten.

My mother's name is Ekaterina Pavlovna Vohrameeva. My mother's maiden name is Vavilova.

Surname meaningVavilov ... Probably, many have heard or met in literature the old Russian name Vavil, Vavilo (from Aramaic - the gate of God or a resident of Babylon). The surname Vavilov originated from him. Vavil - Vavilov, Vavila - Vavilin.

In the XVI-XVII centuries in Russia, the process of forming surnames as special inherited generic names began. Already by the beginning of the 17th century, the most common model for the formation of surnames was the addition of the suffixes -ov / -ev or -in to the stem, which over time became the most typical indicator of Russian surnames. In this case, surnames ending in -in were formed from stems ending in -а / -я, and the suffix -ov /-ev was added to names with a consonant or -o. According to this model, the surname Vavilov was formed from the everyday naming of Vavil (Vavilo).

My dad's name is Mikhail Ivanovich Vohrameev.

The basis of the surname Vohrameev the church name Bartholomew served. The surname Vohrameev goes back to the canonical male name Bartholomew, which translated from Greek means “son of the plowed land”, “son of the fields”. This name comes from the Aramaic Bar Telemi, brought to the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium. The name Bartholomew had a number of derived forms, one of which - Vohramey - formed the basis of this surname.

Most likely, the founder of the Vokhrameev family was a native of a working class or peasant environment. This assumption is explained by the fact that the surnames formed from the full form of the name had mainly a social elite, nobility, or families that enjoyed great authority in a given area, whose neighbors respectfully called their full names, unlike other estates, which were usually called , diminutives, derivatives, everyday names. Vokhramey, eventually received the surname Vokhrameev.

3. Interpretation of my family names.

My name is Angelica.

The name Angelica, when translated into Russian, will mean angelic. The origin of the name Angelica: it is generally believed that this is an ancient Greek name.

My brother's name is Nikita.

The name Nikita (colloquial Nikitiy, simple Mikita) comes from the Greek word "to win" and means the winner, victorious, to win.

My dad's name is Mikhail.

Michael (colloquial Michael, old razg. Mikhailo) comes from the Hebrew name Mikael - equal, like Yahweh (God), godlike, divine.

My mother's name is Ekaterina.

The name Catherine (colloquial Catherine) comes from the Greek word "katarios" - pure, immaculate. The word "catharsis" is of the same root - purification. In the tradition of the West, the initial "e" is absent everywhere: Catherine, Catherine, Catherine. Catholics even have a male name Catherine. The name Catherine means pure, immaculate, true.

My grandmother's name is Zinaida.

The name Zinaida comes from the Greek "divine daughter", "daughter of Zeus".

My grandfather on my mother's side is called Pavel.

The name Paul was formed from the Latin "small".

My daddy's grandfather's name is Ivan

The name Ivan (old John) is of Hebrew origin and means: Yahweh (God) had mercy, Yahweh (God) had mercy, the gift of God, the grace of God.

My grandmother on my father's side is called Love.

The name Love appeared in Russia along with Orthodoxy, as a tracing paper (literal translation) of the Greek name Agapa, which means "Love".

4. My pedigree.

Vokhrameeva Ekaterina Pavlovna, my mother, was born on December 7, 1981 in Yartsevo. Graduated from high school in 1999. After school she graduated from college and got the profession of a salesman - a cashier. But she does not work in her specialty. My mother works in KGKU "Nizhne-Yeniseyskoye lesnichestvo" as an assistant forester.

Vavilov Pavel Arsentievich my grandfather on my mother's side was born on June 24, 1955 in the village of Tankovo. When he was little, his parents moved to Yartsevo. My grandfather still lives in the village of Yartsevo. My grandfather works as a diesel operator in the Yartsevsky branch of LDK No. 1.

My grandmother on my mother's side is Vavilova Zinaida Abramovna. Zinaida Abramovna was born in Fomka on September 27, 1958. When she was 2 years old, they moved to Yartsevo, where she still lives. At the moment she does not work anywhere, my grandmother is a pensioner.

Vavilov Arsentiy Timofeevich my great-grandfather on my mother's side was rolling on December 3 (born in 1908) Arseny Timofeevich was born in the village of Tankovo, Yartsevsky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory. By origin - a peasant. Before the war he was a fisherman. Arseny Timofeevich is a participant of the Second World War. He fought on the second Ukrainian front, took cities: Belgorod, Kharkov, Kirovograd, Uman, crossed the Danube, and liberated many cities in Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Austria. Has thanks. Two battle medals "For Courage", "For the capture of Budapest", "For the capture of Vienna", "For the victory over Germany." In the war, he was wounded in the left side of the chest. After the war he worked at the state farm named after "Molokov". He died on January 3, 1985.

Vavilova Ekaterina Ignatievna, my great-grandmother on my mother's side was born in 1913. She died in 1972. We know nothing more about her.

Shneveis Abram Yakovlevich my great-grandfather on my mother's side was born in 1909 on February 5 in the Jewish community of the city of Riga, Latvian SSR. We do not know what he was doing before the war, we only know one thing, that his entire family was shot by the Germans. After the war, he was exiled to Fomka. Then they moved to Yartsevo, where he worked as an accountant at the Molokovo state farm. He died on October 13, 1962.

Meel Lidia Vladimirovna is my mother's great-grandmother. Lydia Vladimirovna was born on May 24, 1926. She comes from Estonia - the city of Tallinn. Before the war and during the war, she worked in the Tallinn industrial trade. After the war, like her great-grandfather, she was exiled to Fomka. When they moved to Yartsevo, she worked as a night nurse in a boarding school, from where she retired. She died on March 4, 2006.

My dad - Mikhail Ivanovich Vokhrameev was born on April 1, 1979. He comes from the city of Irkutsk. But there he was born and lived for one year. And he grew up in the Kemerovo region of the Tyazhinsky district in the village of Novopodzornovo. Like all children, he studied at school, played sports, served in the army. After the army, he entered the Divnogorsk forestry machinery. After graduation, he came to work in Yartsevo. Currently works as the head of KGKU "Nizhne - Yeniseysky forestry".

Daddy's grandmother, Vohrameeva Lyubov Gennadievna. Born October 02, 1955. Born in the village of Novopodzornovo, Kemerovo Region. She worked as an accountant in the village administration of the Novopodzornovo village. She is currently retired.

My daddy's grandfather. Vohrameev Ivan Nikolaevich (05/12/55) was born in the village of Novopodzornovo, Kemerovo region. My grandfather worked as a carpenter at the Pobeda state farm, now he is retired.

My great-grandfather is on my dad's side. Gostevskikh Gennady Pavlovich. He was born on January 7, 1935. Born in the village of Novopodzornovo, Kemerovo Region. He worked in the state farm "Pobeda" on a livestock farm.

My great-grandmother on my father's side, in the village of Novopodzornovo, Kemerovo region. She worked in the state farm "Pobeda" as a cashier.

My great-grandmother on my father's side, Vokhrameeva Maria Mikhailovna. Born on August 20, 1934 in the village of Novopodzornovo. She worked in the state farm "Pobeda" as a handyman in a field-crop brigade. She died on February 9, 2004.

My great-grandfather on my father's side, Nikolai Fyodorovich Vohrameev, was born in 1933. He worked in the horse yard, was very good at saddlery. He died on February 23, 1967.

Conclusion.

Working on this project, we fulfilled all our goal: we compiled a family tree, studied the origin and interpretation of names and surnames in Russia.

After processing the data obtained, we came to the conclusion that surnames in Russia appeared several centuries ago, in the 14th century. Surnames were received only by boyars and nobles, ordinary people began to receive surnames only two centuries later, from the 16th century. All surnames in Russia were divided into two groups: baptismal and nickname.

At first in Russia there were only nicknames and nicknames. They were given in appearance, for some significant life event or for the character of a person. With the adoption of Christianity in Russia, the situation changed. Now at baptism people began to give the so-called "baptismal" names. These names were given from a strictly defined list of names of saints, placed in the calendar - the church calendar.

The genealogical tree of the Vokhrameev family up to the third generation was compiled. Angela traced the life of a kind to great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers. The life of the Vokhrameev family once again proved the connection of each person with the life of the country.

Everyone should know their ancestors. Many more generations will change, centuries will pass, and our descendants will be interested in their origin: where are their roots from, who their ancestors were, what kind of people they were.

Some facts are lost, forgotten, but history itself is not forgotten. We need to revive our past so that the stories of our birth, our rise, are passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. So we must hurry to find out our pedigree, we must find those grandmothers who will gladly tell us the stories of their relatives.

List of used literature

Internet resources. Dictionary of Russian names.

2. Magazine “Read, Learn, Play”. 2002., no. 3.

King M.V. Stained glass of wisdom. - Minsk: Polymya, 1991. - 414p.
Leonov A. History of the origin and development of personal names of the Gospel // Russian language at school and at home. - 2005. - No. 3 - 28-30.
Nikonov V.A. Geography of personal names. - Moscow: Science, 1988. - 192p.
The answer to the question in the magazine "Pioneer" No. 4. 2005. -32.
Petrovsky N.A. Dictionary of Russian personal names. - Moscow: Russian language, 1980. - 384p.
Polyakova E.N. From the history of Russian names and surnames.- Moscow: Enlightenment, 1975.-160s.
Khigir B.Yu. Encyclopedia of names. - Moscow: Yauza, 2003. - 512s.

Children's encyclopedia. History. "I get to know the world."

The history of the appearance of Russian names

The science of proper names is called onomastics. This term is associated with the Greek word onoma - name.

The names of people are part of the history of nations. They reflect the way of life, beliefs, fantasy and artistic creativity of peoples, their historical contacts. Any word with which a person was called, the people around began to perceive as his personal name, and, therefore, any word could become a name. Thus, a personal name (in the Old Russian language - reclo, name, nickname, name, nickname, name) is a special word that serves to designate an individual and is given to him individually in order to be able to refer to him, as well as talk about it with others.

There are three stages in the history of Russian personal names.

1. Pre-Christian, in which the original names were confessed, created on the East Slavic soil by means of the Old Russian language.

2. The period after the baptism of Rus, where the church began to plant, together with Christian religious rites, foreign-language names borrowed by the Byzantine church from various peoples of antiquity.

3. A new stage that began after the Great October Socialist Revolution and was marked by the penetration of a large number of borrowed names into the Russian nomenclature and an active imyatvorchestvo.

Before the introduction of Christianity in Russia, personal names were nothing more than nicknames given for one reason or another. In ancient times, people perceived names materially, as an integral part of a person. They hid their names from enemies, believing that knowing the name alone is enough to harm someone.

Old Russian nicknames are of great interest. They reveal the richness of the Russian folk language. Old Russian nicknames were varied. For example: Pervak, First, Second, Vtorak, Tretyak (this name was one of the most common), Third, etc. We meet direct descendants of these names - surnames: Pervov, Tretyak or Tretyakov, etc. Or such names - Chernysh, Belyak, White, etc. - data on hair and skin color. Names were also assigned according to other external characteristics - height, physique, character, time of birth. A lot of nicknames were given on separate occasions and occasions. Among the old Russian names there were those that have survived to this day - Vadim, Vsevolod, Gorazd, Dobrynya, Zhdan, Lyubava.

After the introduction of Christianity in Russia, the so-called calendar names entered the practice of naming. They became an integral part of the Russian language, a part of the history of the Russian people. We now call them calendar ones conditionally, since throughout the entire period of their existence they were given to people according to church calendars. The official planting of Christianity in Russia began in the 10th century. During the reign of Vladimir Svyatoslavich, Christianity became the state religion. Prince Vladimir of Kiev, looking for a strong ally, entered into an alliance with Byzantium. One of the conditions of this union was the adoption of the Christian religion by Russia. In 988, Vladimir was baptized himself and began to introduce a new religion in Russia. The Christianization of the population of Rus and the obligatory rite of baptism was accompanied by the naming of people with new Christian names. The adoption of new names by the Russian population was slow.

There was such a custom in the old days:
They carried the baby to church. There,
In the old calendar of saints, poking with your finger,
Pop gave names every day.
If you were born on the day of Efim,
That is named by this name.
But if on the day of Jerome,
That - like it or not - Jerome!
M.Vladimov

However, only pre-Christian names have survived in history, which are still in our country today, they got into the Russian language at the beginning of the 2nd millennium through the preachers of the Christian religion, most of whom were southern Slavs: they had Christianity much earlier than in Russia.

In the first years after the October Revolution, the bulk of those born were given old names. After the end of the civil war, changes took place - less often they began to arrange church weddings, carried out the required civil registration of newborns.

The era with a new vocabulary
Burst into the speech of workshops and villages,
Amphilochias went to the revolutionary committees,
Adelaide in the Komsomol.
They are in tune with their era
The Octobrists were named:
Dawn, Idea, Pioneer,
Revmir, Revput and Diamat!
M.Vladimov

Nowadays, abbreviated forms of names are very common. Abbreviated forms are used in a variety of situations, with the exception of official ones. Abbreviated names are so short that they often turn out to be consonant with several full names, and vice versa, several abbreviated names can correspond to one full name. For example:
Agrafena - Agasha - Gasha - Granya - Grunya - Pear - Fenya;
Alexander (a) - Ara - Arya - Alya - Alik - Ksana - Ksanya - Aleksanya.

What's not so bad in your eyes
Slanting rains
Asya, Stasya, Nastenka,
Daughter Anastasia?
Just life is fantastic
Three matrehs contained:
Asya, Stasya, Nastenka,
All - Anastasia.
I. Snegova

Since there are numerous variants of the same names, it is necessary to distinguish between official and unofficial forms of naming people. In Russian, practically all forms of names varied, both church and secular, but secular - in a much wider range.

At baptism, the child's name was recorded in the registration book (such books were kept in all churches), while usually following the spelling of that calendar or some other liturgical book that was available in this church. When receiving a birth certificate or a birth certificate (and they were issued not by the church, but by special civil institutions - in the cities of the consistory, in the villages of the volost clerk), the name was not rewritten letter for letter, but most often as the parents asked or as the clerk thought necessary. No serious legal significance was attached to the discrepancy between the records of the name in the church book and in the metric; the main option was still the church one, and the spelling of the name could be additionally checked by the date of birth of the angel named and the corresponding day of the angel.

Since earlier in the documents (passport, birth certificate, certificate, record of baptism, etc.) there were different variants of names (both in church and in their secular form), they can all be called passport, official, documentary, despite a number of spelling and pronunciation differences. In popular dialects, many names underwent significant alterations (Evdokia - Evdokea - Avdotya through the unstable Avdokya version), but since these forms also fell into documentary records, they also have to be considered official.

In informal situations - at home, with friends - people are called informal abbreviated forms of names. They have developed in everyday life for everyday use, since full names are sometimes cumbersome and inconvenient when communicating in a family, and especially among children and adolescents. (Ekaterina - Katya, Maria - Masha, etc.).