JV
(draft, first edition)
MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER ELIMINATION
SET OF RULES
CULT BUILDINGS.
This draft standard is not subject to application until it is approved
Preface
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established, and the rules for applying sets of rules - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules" dated November 19, 2008 N 858
Rulebook Details
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief No.
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notifications and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet
© Standardinform, 2010
This set of rules cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
SET OF RULES
CULT BUILDINGS.
FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Church buildings. Fire safety requirements
Date of introduction -
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with Article 4 and Article 5 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use, applies to construction , operation and reconstruction of religious buildings and complexes of religious buildings of various religious denominations, including those built into buildings of other functional purpose and establishes the basic provisions and requirements for space-planning and design solutions, as well as engineering equipment religious buildings.
1.2 The rules do not apply to the design of religious buildings temporarily located in prefabricated and other similar buildings.
2 Normative references
This set of rules uses references to the following regulatory documents:
GOST 12.1.004-91 * Fire safety. General requirements.
GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Combustibility test methods.
SP 1.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits
SP 2.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of protected objects
SP 3.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Warning and management system for evacuation of people in case of fire. Fire safety requirements
SP 4.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions.
SP 5.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design standards and rules
SP 6.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements
SP 7.13130.2009. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire requirements
SP 8.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Sources of external fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements.
SP 10.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. Fire safety requirements.
SP 12.13130.2009. Determination of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations according to explosion and fire hazards
SP 31-103-99 Buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches
SNiP 23-05-95 Natural and artificial lighting
SNiP 35-01-2001 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
In this set of rules the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:
3.1 religious building (temple): A building, structure intended for a prayer meeting of believers and religious ceremonies.
3.2 complex of a religious building: A set of buildings, structures and structures located on the territory of a religious building, or built into it, functionally connected with the religious building.
3.3 cathedral church: A religious building intended for the simultaneous occupancy of more than 2 thousand people.
3.4 parish church: A religious building intended for the simultaneous occupancy of no more than 2 thousand people.
3.5 house church: A room (several rooms) for liturgical purposes, built-in (built-on) into a building for another functional purpose, intended for the simultaneous occupancy of no more than 50 people. Terms and definitions specific to various religious denominations are given in Appendix A.
4 General provisions
4.1 This Code of Rules was developed in accordance with Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ “On Technical Regulation”.
4.2 This Code of Rules discusses the issues of fire protection of religious buildings, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of buildings and the conduct of religious ceremonies for the main religious denominations of Russia: Orthodoxy, Islam, Judaism. The design of the fire protection system for other religious buildings must also be carried out taking into account the requirements of this joint venture.
4.3 When designing places of worship, the requirements of other regulatory documents in the field of fire safety as it relates to religious buildings.
4.4 When designing religious buildings and structures, devices and measures should be provided for convenient access for people with disabilities and their use of premises in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02-89 * and SNiP 35-01-2001.
4.5 When using this Code of Rules for religious buildings and structures that are historical monuments, the requirements of the legislation on the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments should be taken into account.
4.6 Buildings must have structural, space-planning and engineering solutions that provide in the event of a fire:
the possibility of evacuating people, regardless of their age and physical condition, outside to the territory adjacent to the building (hereinafter referred to as outside) before a threat to their life and health occurs due to exposure to dangerous fire factors; the possibility of saving people; the possibility of access for personnel of fire departments and the supply of fire extinguishing means to the fire, as well as carrying out measures to save people and material assets;
non-propagation of fire to nearby buildings, including the collapse of a burning building;
limitation of direct and indirect material damage, including the contents of the building and the building itself, with an economically justified ratio of the amount of damage and the costs of fire prevention measures, fire protection and its technical equipment.
4.7 During the construction process it is necessary to ensure:
priority implementation of fire safety measures provided for by the project, developed in accordance with current standards and approved in the prescribed manner;
compliance fire regulations, provided for by regulatory documents on fire safety, and fire protection of construction and auxiliary facilities, fire-safe conduct of construction and installation work;
availability and proper maintenance of fire fighting equipment;
the possibility of safe evacuation and rescue of people, as well as the protection of material assets in the event of a fire in a facility under construction and on a construction site.
4.8 During operation, you should: ensure the maintenance of the building and the operability of its fire protection equipment in accordance with the requirements of the design and technical documentation for them;
ensure compliance with fire safety rules approved in accordance with the established procedure;
do not allow changes in design, space-planning and engineering solutions without a project developed in accordance with current standards and approved in the prescribed manner;
When carrying out repair work, do not allow the use of structures and materials that do not meet the requirements of current standards.
If permission for the construction of a building is obtained on the condition that the number of people in the building or any part of it is limited or the fire load is limited, notices of these restrictions must be posted inside the building in conspicuous places, and the building management must develop special organizational arrangements for fire prevention and evacuation people in a fire.
5 Fire safety requirements for the placement of buildings and structures. External water supply
5.1 The floors of the high-rise part of a religious building with a stylobate must be provided with access for firefighters from mechanical ladders and lifts.
5.2 Access for firefighters from ladders and vehicle lifts must be provided to any premises with windows and to the roofs of buildings (with the exception of superstructures - domes, towers, minarets, etc.) along fire passages, taking into account the technical capabilities of imported rescue equipment.
5.3 The height of the gate opening for fire trucks to enter the territory of the temple (temple complex) must be at least 4.5 m, and the width - at least 3.5 m.
5.4 Fire truck entrances must be arranged to fire hydrants and all entrances to the building, as well as to the installation sites of external pipes of the internal fire water supply network for connecting fire pumps of vehicles.
5.5 The distance from religious buildings to neighboring buildings and structures, depending on their degree of fire resistance, should be taken in accordance with Table 11 of the Appendix to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".
Note - Fire distances () for religious buildings of the V degree of fire resistance are recommended to be adjusted taking into account the height of wooden buildings according to the formula
where is the required fire distance, m;
- height of the temple structure, m;
- height of the adjacent building, m;
- fire distance between buildings according to Table 11 of the Appendix to the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety, m;
- operation of selecting the largest value.
5.6 External fire water supply must be designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 8.13130.
5.7 Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of a religious building, regardless of the degree of fire resistance of the structure, should be no less than that indicated in Table 1.
Table 1
Building volume, thousand m | Water consumption, l/s |
over 25 |
5.8 In the absence of a sufficient amount of water in the external fire-fighting water supply system, it is allowed for these purposes to provide a fire pond or reservoir that provides fire extinguishing at a standard flow rate within 3 hours.
6 Requirements for space-planning and design solutions
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 The maximum number of floors of religious buildings and the permissible capacity of the prayer hall should be taken depending on their degree of fire resistance according to Table 2.
Table 2.
Fire resistance degree | Maximum number of floors | Permissible capacity of the hall, |
not standardized | not standardized |
|
6.1.2 The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures of balconies, loggias, galleries in prayer halls of buildings of I-III fire resistance levels must be at least R45.
6.1.3 It is not allowed to build or attach premises of other purposes to religious buildings of IV-V degrees of fire resistance, with the exception of premises and structures necessary to perform the function of notifying the start of prayer (bell towers, bell towers, minarets).
6.1.4 Religious buildings may have no more than 1 basement or ground floor.
6.1.5 The main purpose premises of the building may be located in the basement or ground floor. The placement of premises for other functional purposes is permitted in accordance with Appendix B.
6.1.6 Basement and ground floors must be provided with separate emergency exits.
When providing premises located in the basement and ground floors with emergency exits (in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations), the functional connection of these premises with the premises of the 1st floor (including the prayer hall) can be allowed through a technological staircase, having at the entrance at the basement level a vestibule with air pressure in case of fire, or when air pressure is installed in the staircase in case of fire. The specified staircase is not taken into account when calculating the parameters of escape routes.
6.1.7 The minimum height of prayer halls from floor to ceiling must be at least 3 m. In auxiliary rooms and on the balcony to accommodate the choir, the height of the premises can be reduced to 2.5 m.
In house churches, the height of all parts of the church can be the same and correspond to the height of the floor of the building into which the house church is built.
6.1.8 When designing, the volume of temple buildings is recommended to be taken per seat capacity:
parish churches from 4 to 6
cathedral churches from 6 to 8
Depending on space-planning solutions, it is possible to increase or decrease these values by up to 20%.
6.1.9 Designing multi-light spaces and balconies to accommodate parishioners is allowed only for prayer halls with a maximum number of levels of no more than two. Balconies for the choir and technological balconies are not taken into account when calculating the number of levels.
6.1.10 The design of a fire protection system for auxiliary buildings (church houses, hotels, residential buildings, cell buildings, Sunday schools and gymnasiums, industrial and other buildings), as well as churches containing these premises, should be carried out in accordance with with SP 31-103, taking into account fire safety requirements for buildings corresponding to the functional fire hazard.
6.1.11 A religious building attached or built into a building for other functional purposes must be allocated to a separate fire compartment and provided with separate emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of this SP.
6.1.12 The premises of house churches and similar premises built into buildings for various purposes can be located in the ground floor, basement or in the above-ground part no higher than the 2nd floor and must be provided with independent evacuation exits.
6.1.13 Premises and buildings for auxiliary purposes can be located on the site of the religious building complex, in the stylobate part, or be attached or built into the religious building.
6.1.14 Auxiliary premises and groups of premises for various functional purposes (Sunday schools, refectories, bell towers, baptismal houses, hotels, etc.) attached or built into the church building must be separated by structures with a rated fire resistance limit and have separate emergency exits to the outside. The fire resistance limit of the specified structures should be taken: for buildings of I, II degrees of fire resistance - not lower than REI 150, for buildings of III degree of fire resistance - not lower than REI 45. Allocation of rooms or groups of rooms with simultaneous occupancy of no more than 15 people with fire barriers is not required.
6.1.15 If it is necessary to communicate the specified premises and groups of premises with each other or with the prayer hall, fire doors with a fire resistance rating corresponding to the type of barrier must be provided in the openings of fire barriers.
6.1.16 Educational premises (Sunday schools, gymnasiums, classes, libraries, etc.), as a rule, are required to be located in separate buildings.
6.1.17 Educational premises built into the temple building must be located on above-ground floors, have natural light and be separated into a separate block with at least two emergency exits from each floor. Placement of premises for children in the basement is not permitted.
6.1.18 Educational premises (Sunday schools, gymnasiums) with a number of students of more than 100 people and premises for overnight stays of people (hotels) with a number of people staying more than 20 people, as well as residential buildings should be designed in separate buildings, or attached to a religious building and separated from it by a type 1 fire wall.
6.1.19 Utility buildings, including warehouses, workshops, garages for vehicles, areas for waste disposal and an oven for burning memorial notes should be located separately from buildings for other functional purposes and allocated to a separate (utility) area.
6.1.20 It is not permitted to place storerooms, workshops and various industries related to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids, combustible gases in buildings with prayer halls, as well as adjacent to and under the premises of a Sunday school. These premises should be located primarily in the economic zone.
6.2 Space-planning and design solutions of Orthodox churches
6.2.1 When determining the number of storeys of a temple, the number of floors includes all above-ground floors and the basement if the top of its ceiling is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground. The number of storeys of the temple does not include the number of tiers of an attached or built-on bell tower.
6.3 Space-planning and design solutions for Muslim temples
6.3.1 When determining the number of storeys of a temple, the number of floors includes all above-ground floors and the basement if the top of its ceiling is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground. The number of storeys of the temple does not include the number of tiers of attached or built-on minarets.
6.4 Space-planning and design solutions of Jewish temples
6.4.1 When determining the number of floors of a temple, the number of floors includes all above-ground floors and the basement if the top of its floor is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground.
7 Ensuring safe evacuation and saving people in case of fire
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 Temples built into buildings for other functional purposes must be provided with separate emergency exits.
7.1.2 Premises and groups of premises for other functional purposes built into a religious building must be provided with emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
7.1.3 External fire escapes must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 1.13130.
7.1.4 The finishing of the walls and floors of the prayer hall (with the exception of halls located in buildings of IV, V degrees of fire resistance) should be made from materials of a flammability group not lower than G1. The fire hazard of the materials used is determined according to GOST 30244.
7.1.5 Finishing of evacuation routes for premises of religious buildings located in the basement and ground floors should be made only from non-combustible materials.
7.1.6 Permanently laid carpets, carpet runners and other floor coverings in the prayer hall must be securely fastened and made of materials that meet the requirements of regulatory documents.
7.1.7 The greatest distance from any point of the prayer hall to the nearest emergency exit should be taken according to Table 3.
Table 3
Volume of the building (floor), thousand m | Fire resistance degree | Distance to emergency exits, m |
from 5 to 10 | ||
over 10 |
7.1.8 When combining evacuation passages into a common passage, its width must be no less than the total width of the combined passages.
7.1.9 The width of the evacuation exit from the prayer hall to the outside or to the corridor leading outside should be determined by the number of people evacuating through the exit according to Table 4, but not less than 1.2 m for a hall with a capacity of more than 50 people in a building of any degree of fire resistance.
Table 4.
Fire resistance degree | Hall volume, thousand m3 | Number of people per 1 m width of emergency exit, people |
from 5 to 10 | ||
over 10 | ||
from 5 to 10 | ||
7.1.10. The width of the door in the light of the main emergency exits from the temple must be at least 1.2 m.
7.1.11 The width of the entrance vestibule to the building must exceed the width of the doorway by at least 0.15 m on each side, and the depth of the vestibule must exceed the width door leaf doors by at least 0.2 m.
7.1.12 The installation of thresholds with a height of more than 2 cm in doors connecting places of worship is not allowed.
7.1.13 External stairs must have a minimum width of 2.2 m, and platforms with a height of more than 0.45 m from the ground level, located at the entrances to temples, must have fences no less than 0.9 m high.
7.1.14 At facilities with simultaneous occupancy of more than 100 people, evacuation lighting must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23-05-95.
Evacuation lighting must be provided in the premises of the temple; in auxiliary premises; staircases.
7.1.15 From any point on the evacuation routes, an indicator of the direction of evacuation of people in case of fire must be visible.
7.2 Ensuring safe evacuation and saving people in case of fire in Orthodox churches
7.2.1 From an altar room with an area of more than 100 m, as a rule, an exit directly to the outside should be provided with a width of at least 0.7 m.
7.2.2 From a balcony intended to accommodate a choir with no more than 10 people staying at a time, it is allowed to provide 1 emergency exit.
7.2.3 Exits from the balcony intended to house the choir can be provided via open stairs made of non-combustible materials directly into the prayer hall. In buildings of IV-V degrees of fire resistance, these stairs can be flammable. The width of the flights of these stairs must be at least 0.9 m. If there are no more than 10 people on the balcony at the same time, the open staircase can be made with a spiral or winder steps. At the same time, the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 0.18 m.
7.2.4 When organizing an observation deck on the bell tower with 1 exit, its capacity may be no more than 30 people. The staircase intended for evacuation from the observation deck of the bell tower must have direct access to the outside and comply with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
7.2.5 It is allowed to provide one emergency exit from the bell tower levels. In this case, it is necessary to provide:
a device for exiting the bell tower directly to the outside;
exits from the premises at the bell tower levels to the common staircase (bell tower staircase) should be provided through fire doors of the 2nd type;
the number of people simultaneously present in the bell tower premises should not exceed 20 people;
The bell tower premises, including the built-in premises of churches, must be separated from the premises of adjacent buildings fire partitions 1st type.
7.2.6 The doors of emergency exits during church operation must open freely without a key in the direction of evacuation.
7.2.7 When calculating evacuation routes, the number of worshipers in the temple should be determined based on the dependence of 0.25 per person. When calculating the parameters of escape routes, the exit to the outside from the altar room is not taken into account.
7.2.8 The width of the bell tower stairs must be at least 0.8 m.
7.3 Ensuring safe evacuation and saving people in case of fire in Muslim churches
7.3.1 When calculating evacuation routes, the number of worshipers in the temple should be determined based on the dependence of 0.5 per person.
7.3.2 The number and total width of emergency exits from the prayer hall should be doubled in relation to the calculated ones.
7.4 Ensuring safe evacuation and saving people in case of fire in Jewish temples
7.4.1 Armchairs, chairs, benches or links thereof in the prayer hall and on balconies with a capacity of more than 12 seats must be provided with devices for fastening to the floor.
7.4.2 When calculating evacuation routes, the number of worshipers in the temple should be determined based on the number of seats.
7.4.3 Evacuation routes from prayer halls in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance must ensure evacuation in the required time (), given in Table 5.
Table 5.
Hall volume, thousand m | Required evacuation time, , min |
from 5 to 10 | |
from 10 to 20 | |
from 20 to 25 | |
from 25 to 40 | |
from 40 to 60 | |
from the building as a whole |
7.4.4 The required time for evacuation of people from the altar premises should be no more than 1.5 minutes.
7.4.5 The estimated time for evacuation of people in case of fire from churches and other structures located on the territory of the temple must be determined by calculation in accordance with the methodology of GOST 12.1.004 or.
7.4.6 Space-planning solutions of buildings, fire protection engineering systems must ensure the conditions for the safe evacuation of people in case of fire: the estimated evacuation time must be less than the required evacuation time.
7.4.7 The time for blocking evacuation routes is established by calculation in accordance with GOST 12.1.004 or. Time is defined as , where is the safety factor.
If it is not possible to determine by calculation, it is allowed to take the value according to Table 5.
8 Fire safety engineering systems
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 Religious buildings are subject to mandatory equipment with fire safety engineering systems.
8.1.2 If it is not technically possible to equip religious buildings with fire safety engineering systems in accordance with fire safety requirements(impossibility of installing fire detectors in a double-height or under-dome space, inability to provide for measures to remove smoke from a double-height or under-dome space, large heights, etc.), it is necessary to provide additional measures for fire protection, in agreement with the state fire supervision authorities.
8.2 Requirements for fire-fighting water supply
8.2.1 Internal fire water supply in a religious building should be provided for when the building volume is 7.5 thousand m3 or more.
Internal fire water supply must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 10.13130.
8.2.2 For a religious building, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken according to Table 6.
Table 6
Religious buildings with a volume | Number of jets | Minimum water consumption for internal |
Over 25 |
8.2.3. In rural areas, if there is no running water, a fire reservoir or reservoir must be provided to ensure fire extinguishing within 2 hours.
External fire water supply must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 8.13130.
8.2.4. For internal extinguishing of domes of Orthodox churches, Muslim mosques, minarets and towers made of flammable materials, it is necessary to install dry pipes with deluge sprinklers equipped with fire connection heads for supplying water from fire fighting vehicles.
8.3 Heating, ventilation and smoke protection
8.3.1. Measures for fire safety of heating, ventilation and smoke protection systems should be provided in accordance with the requirements Technical regulations on fire safety requirements and SP 7.13130.
8.3.2. When designing, constructing, or reconstructing religious buildings, stove heating is not allowed.
8.4 Automatic fire alarm systems, warning people about fire and evacuation control and automatic fire extinguishing
8.4.1. Automatic fire alarms must be installed in all premises with mandatory output of the signal to a room with 24-hour occupancy or to the nearest fire department. When choosing smoke detectors, you should take into account the specific use of the premises (use of incense, candles, etc.).
8.4.2. To protect the prayer hall, altar room and other ritual premises, automatic water fire extinguishing systems can be used instead of automatic fire alarms.
8.4.3. Automatic systems fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.
8.4.4. Religious buildings must be equipped with fire warning systems. Fire warning and evacuation control systems must be made in accordance with the requirements of SP 3.13130.
9 Fire safety of electrical equipment. Lightning protection
9.1 Measures for fire protection of electrical equipment should be provided in accordance with the PUE.
9.2 In religious buildings, measures must be taken to ensure lightning protection in accordance with the requirements of SO 153-34.21.122.
10 Organizational and technical measures. Operating Requirements
10.1 General requirements
10.1.1 Organizational and technical measures for the operation of religious buildings must be provided in accordance with the requirements of PPB 01.
10.1.2 The premises of religious buildings must be equipped with primary fire extinguishing means in accordance with the requirements of PPB 01, taking into account the requirements of Table 7.
Table 7
Halls and premises | Area, m | Fire extinguishers of different types, pieces |
Prayer halls | ||
Altar premises |
* At least two per floor.
** At least two per room.
10.1.3 In libraries and collections, carbon dioxide, powder, and fine water fire extinguishers should be used.
10.1.4 At facilities with simultaneous occupancy of more than 200 people, a fire post consisting of facility employees must be organized. The fire station must be on duty 24 hours a day. It is allowed to combine the fire station premises with the security premises, and the duties of the fire station employees are assigned to the security officers, subject to appropriate training.
10.1.5 It is necessary to ensure direct telephone communication between the fire station (duty station) and the fire department.
10.1.6 In the premises of security, administration and permanent duty of personnel, telephone communication must be provided.
10.1.7 When operating heating equipment, the requirements of PPB 01 must be met. Stove heating in buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches must be checked twice a year (before the start and during the heating season) for readiness for operation with the execution of a certificate.
10.1.8 The firing of the stoves must be carried out in the presence of a responsible person and must be completed before the start of the event with a mass presence of people in the temple building.
10.1.9 Storage of flammable liquids in the premises is not permitted, with the exception of flammable liquids intended for rituals.
10.1.10 It is prohibited to carry out any hot work in the construction of the temple while performing rituals in the presence of parishioners.
10.1.11 An operational fire extinguishing plan must be developed at the facility, agreed upon in the prescribed manner.
10.1.12 Instructions must be developed and implemented that define the procedure for interaction between facility employees and fire service authorities.
10.1.13 At least once every six months, it is necessary to conduct operational-tactical exercises to implement operational fire extinguishing plans and develop plans for evacuating people from a building in case of fire.
10.1.14 Before opening the facility, escape routes, evacuation and emergency exits must be checked.
10.1.15 At a facility with simultaneous occupancy of more than 200 people, additional special fire safety rules must be developed that take into account the specific fire hazard of the facility, determining, among other things, the actions of personnel in the event of a fire occurrence and detection.
10.1.16 Automatic fire message to control panel "01" settlement must be duplicated by telephone by the site security service on duty.
10.1.17 Employees involved in ensuring fire safety at the facility must be trained in the basics of fire safety at special courses.
10.1.18 When holding holiday services with large numbers of people, provide additional organizational fire-fighting measures (for example: appointing employees or permanent parishioners to look after a certain area of the church with appropriate instructions).
10.1.19 The bars on the windows of prayer halls, Sunday schools and other premises with simultaneous occupancy of more than 10 people must be freely opened from the inside with a key.
In this case, the height of the window sills of opening windows should be no more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the premises.
10.1.20 It is not allowed to use driveways and places where fire trucks are installed for parking vehicles.
10.2 Organizational and technical measures and requirements for the operation of Orthodox churches
10.2.1 Candlesticks, lamps and other devices with open fire should be installed on non-combustible bases. It is recommended to provide for fastening the candlesticks to the floor. At the same time, when moving (removing) the candlestick, parts of the fasteners installed directly on the floor should be able to quick dismantling, or hiding them to eliminate the presence of parts protruding from the floor.
10.2.2 Storage of flammable liquids (for lamps, lamps) must be carried out in metal cabinets. No more than 5 liters of flammable liquids (FL) can be stored indoors.
10.2.3 Pouring flammable liquid into lamps and lamps must be carried out from a closed, unbreakable container on a baking sheet made of non-flammable material.
Filling of gas liquids into lamps and lamps must be carried out only in the absence of an open flame and switched on electric heating devices at a distance of at least 1 m from them.
10.2.4 The supply of gas in the prayer hall for refilling lamps and lamps should be stored in metal containers and amount to no more than the daily requirement.
10.2.5 It is not allowed to provide hangers for clothes of parishioners and storage of clothes in close proximity (less than 2.5 m) to candlesticks and sources of open fire, from stoves and stove hoods.
10.2.6 When conducting the most heavily attended services (for example, on Great Holidays), the number of candlesticks placed in the temple should be reduced as much as possible.
10.2.7 Combustible loads temporarily placed in the prayer hall (spruce trees, fresh grass, etc.) should not be located in close proximity to an open fire (at least 2.5 m).
10.2.8 It is allowed to place grass around the area of the prayer hall on the Feast of the Holy Trinity for no more than one day with further replacement.
10.2.9 When conducting services and rituals related to the need for each parishioner to have burning candles, measures must be taken to limit the number of people in the temple. The maximum capacity of the temple should be taken at the rate of 0.5 m per person.
APPENDIX A (for reference). Terms and Definitions
APPENDIX A
(informative)
Orthodox churches
Altar(Latin - high altar) - the main part of the temple, separated by the iconostasis and located on a raised platform, intended for clergy, in which the throne is located; the place where the sacrament of the Eucharist is celebrated; symbolizes the celestial sphere, Paradise.
Pulpit(Greek - to ascend) - the part of the solea protruding into the center of the temple in front of the Royal Doors, intended for reading the Gospel, sermons and communion during the Liturgy.
Bishop's pulpit- a quadrangular elevation in the center of the temple, on which the bishop's pulpit is placed during services.
Apse- part of the altar, oriented to the east, of a semicircular or polyhedral shape, covered with a semi-dome or closed semi-vault (concho). In a three-part altar it can be intended for the altar itself, for the sacristy and for the altar.
Drum- the crowning part of the temple, bearing a dome or a multifaceted closed vault and having a cylindrical or multifaceted shape. In most cases it has window openings. Silent drum without window openings called the neck.
Divine service- performed by a combination of prayers, chants, readings and sacred rites performed by clergy according to the rite established by the Church. It is a means of Christians expressing religious faith and mysterious communication with God.
Chapter - outer part the domed covering of the drum, usually in the shape of a helmet or onion.
Mountain place- the eastern part of the altar apse, where in cathedrals the bishop’s seat is located on a raised platform.
Gulbishche- an open or covered bypass surrounding the temple building.
Deacon's doors- two single-leaf doors located in the side parts of the iconostasis (in narrow iconostases the deacon’s door is made on one northern side).
Altar- a room located in the northern part of the altar, where the first part of the Liturgy - Proskomedia - is celebrated on the altar table;
- a quadrangular table located to the left of the High Place in the altar.
Zhuravets- an element of the chapter frame, attached to the central pillar bearing the Cross, in the form of a wooden template with an outline of the surface of rotation of the chapter.
Zakomara- a semicircular or keel-shaped completion of the upper part of one spindle of the temple wall, usually corresponding to the shape of the internal vault.
Belfry- free-standing, attached to the temple or built over the temple or its western part an open structure or wall with openings designed for hanging bells.
Iconostasis- a barrier (partition) separating the altar from the rest of the temple space, filled with 1-5 rows of icons attached to horizontal rods - tiblas, ending at the top with the Crucifixion.
Canon(Greek - norm, rule) - a set firmly established rules, predetermining the norms of composition and color, the system of proportions or the iconography of a given type of image. In temple architecture, the role of the canon is played by the “canonical tradition” - exemplary buildings accepted by the Church as reflecting the theological content of the temple through the means of architecture.
Cathedral- a city church in which the bishop's cathedra is located.
Ciborium- a canopy over the altar in the altar in the form of a dome, supported by pillars and ending with a Cross. Set up in cathedrals and large churches.
Choir- the side part of the solea, intended for the church clergy (choir singers and readers).
Kokoshniks- decorative false zakomars of a semicircular or keel shape with rich profiling or profiled arches with a filled field, sometimes with a pointed top, serving as a decorative end to walls, vaults, window openings, framing the bases of drums, tents, domes, with the external design of the vaults in the form of a hill of kokoshniks.
Bell tower- a free-standing or attached to the temple structure in the form of a high multi-tiered tower, intended for hanging bells, ending with a dome.
Conha(Greek - shell) - the overlap of the apse in the form of a semi-dome or closed semi-vault.
Ship(nave) - an elongated part of the temple, separated in the longitudinal direction by colonnades, arcades or pillars. The middle and side naves are distinguished.
Cross-domed temple- has four pillars in the center, on which girth arches rest, supporting a vault with a dome in a light drum, to which the sails serve as a transition. In plan, the cross-domed church forms a spatial cross. Adjacent to the central square are the ends of the cross, rectangular in plan, covered with cylindrical vaults, between which there are corner rooms covered with vaults. The cross-domed church has a three-nave or five-nave version.
Epiphany- a building or room equipped with a font, intended for performing the sacrament of Baptism in it.
Crypt- a burial chamber under the temple or over which a chapel is built.
Dome- hemispherical covering of a building (or part thereof) of a round, square or polygonal shape. Domes are also called multi-part closed vaults. The name “dome” also applies to the outer coverings of temples.
Liturgy- the most important public worship Orthodox Church, during which the Sacrament of Communion is performed. It can be performed in the temple on one altar only once a day. Outside the church, it is permitted to celebrate the liturgy on special occasions on altars and portable antimensions in adapted structures and in an open place.
Bulb- see "CHAPTER".
Nave- see "SHIP".
Chandelier, khoros (Greek - many candles) - a central chandelier with many lamps (more than 12), suspended in the center of the temple.
Porch- a platform or porch in front of the entrance to the temple, sometimes covered or covered with walls, as well as a gallery arranged on two or three sides of the temple (except for the eastern one).
Sail- a structure in the form of a concave spherical triangle, which is a transition from a rectangular base to a round dome cover or drum.
Mosquito coverage- roofing laid directly on the vaults (“mosquitoes”).
Polikadilo- a chandelier with up to 12 lamps, suspended in the side naves of the temple.
Sexton- utility room at the altar.
Throne- a quadrangular table, which is located in the middle of the altar. In cathedrals and large churches, a canopy (ciborium) is installed above the altar.
Side chapel - additional room with an altar, located inside the main temple or in side extensions.
Narthex- a room attached, as a rule, to the western wall of the temple, serving as an entrance vestibule. It can be developed with the addition of a refectory part, which serves to accommodate worshipers. Symbolizes, in particular, the sinful earth.
Spinning- part of the temple wall, enclosed between two pilasters or blades.
Sacristy(deaconnik) - a room in the southern part of the altar or under the altar, intended for storing the vestments of clergy, liturgical accessories and church utensils.
Vault- stone, brick or concrete structure coatings with curved outlines.
Senj- a canopy on pillars over the throne or font.
Skeet- a department of the monastery intended for the ascetic life of monks, which includes a temple or chapel and monastic cells.
Gossip- open openings in the tent covering of the bell towers, framed like window openings with platbands.
Cathedral- the main church in a city or monastery, designed for the worship of a bishop.
Solea- the part of the temple in front of the iconostasis, located on the floor level of the altar, intended for the exit of clergy during services. In the middle of the solea there is a semicircular protrusion - the pulpit, and on the sides there are choirs.
Middle part of the temple- the main room intended for worshipers, symbolizing a renewed, sinless world, the lower part of which means the earthly, and the upper part the heavenly realm of existence.
Pillar- a massive support, rectangular, round or cruciform in plan, supporting the arches.
Refectory- a room attached to the western part of the temple, serving to accommodate worshipers;
- a building in a monastery or a room in a church-clergy house in which meals take place.
Tribune- square base of the drum of the head of the temple.
Choirs- mezzanines located inside churches, usually above the western doors and intended mainly for the church choir.
Temple (church)- a building intended for a prayer meeting of believers, the celebration of the Liturgy and having a throne, symbolizing as a whole the Kingdom of Heaven, the transformed Universe, Paradise returned to justified humanity.
Royal Doors- a double-leaf, specially decorated door in the central part of the iconostasis, located opposite the altar, through which the Holy Gifts are brought out for communion during the Liturgy.
Chapel- a building intended for public and private prayer. Unlike a church, the chapel is not designed for the celebration of the Liturgy and therefore does not have an altar.
Chetverik- the lower part of the temple, which has square shape in respect of.
Tent- coating in the shape of a high tetrahedral or octagonal pyramid.
Apple- the basis for the cross, which is installed on the head of the temple.
Muslim temples
(Arabic - masjid- place of worship, Tat. ) - a Muslim liturgical architectural structure.
It is a separate building with a gambiz dome; sometimes the mosque has a courtyard. Tower-minarets numbering from one to nine are attached to the mosque as an outbuilding. The prayer hall is devoid of images, but verses from the Koran in Arabic may be inscribed on the walls. The wall facing Mecca is marked by an empty niche, the mihrab. To the right of the mihrab there is a pulpit-minbar from which the preacher imam reads his sermons to believers during Friday prayers. As a rule, madrasah schools operate at mosques.
Ivan- This is a vaulted room in the form of a deep niche or hall without a front wall.
Anaza(“arrow”) - wall, carved marble board or wooden niche near the entrance to the mosque, a kind of mihrab in the courtyard;
Hypostyle (hipostylos, Greek - "supported by columns") - a vast covered room, the ceiling of which rests on numerous, often placed columns.
Dicka- special platforms, standing on which muezzins repeat the movements of the imam and thereby direct the movements of believers;
Imam(Arabic - leader) - in Islam, the clergyman who is in charge of the mosque performs the services. Imam - can also mean "role model." During the general obligatory prayer, an imam is chosen to lead it. Any Muslim over 8 years of age can become an imam in prayer.
Kaaba(Arabic) - a Muslim shrine in the form of a cubic building in the courtyard of the Forbidden Mosque (Mecca). The Kaaba contains a black stone. The ritual of tawaf is performed around the Kaaba during the Hajj. The Kaaba serves as the qibla - a landmark to which Muslims all over the world turn their faces during the time.
Capital(from Late Lat. capitellum- “head”) - the crowning part of a column of a pillar or pilaster.
Qibla(Arabic) - direction towards the Kaaba. In Muslim religious practice, believers must face this direction during prayer. In the mosque, a special sign is made to determine the qibla - the mihrab.
Console- (French - console) supporting element of the protruding parts of the building (eaves, balcony, etc.).
Buttress(from the French contre-force - “against force”) - a vertical wall, most often built at right angles to the supporting structure.
Conha (konche- Greek, “shell”) - a semi-dome that serves to cover semi-cylindrical parts, for example, niches. In this case, the top is part of the mihrab.
Kursi- music stand for the Koran.
Maksura- this is a square room in plan, fenced off by a carved wooden or metal partition from the main space in close proximity to the mihrab and minbar;
(Arabic, lit. “place where one studies”) is a Muslim educational institution that serves as a high school and a Muslim theological seminary. Education in the madrasah is separate and free. Madrasah graduates have the right to enter the university.
(Arab. Macca, Also Makka al-Mukkarrama listen)) is a city with a population of 1.4 million (2003) in western Saudi Arabia, about 100 km from the Red Sea. It is a center of pilgrimage for Muslims (see Hajj). Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering Mecca.
(Arab., manara, “lighthouse”) - in Islamic architecture, a tower (round, square or polyhedral in cross-section) from which the muezzin calls believers to prayer. The minaret is placed next to the mosque or included in its composition. Early minarets often had spiral staircase or a ramp outside (spiral minarets), in later ones - inside the tower.
Minbar(Arabic) - a pulpit or tribune in a mosque from which the imam reads his sermons. Located to the right of the mihrab. It has the shape of a staircase.
(Arabic) - in Islam: a mosque minister calling Muslims to prayer from the minaret.
- a niche in the wall of a mosque, often decorated with two columns and an arch, indicating the qibla, that is, the direction where the Kaaba is located in Mecca. Muslims turn to him during prayer. It is often located in the middle of the wall.
Nave (nef, French) - a longitudinal part of a building, divided by a colonnade or arcade into passages or naves.
Sail- an element of the dome structure that provides a transition from the square under the dome space to the circumference of the dome or its drum. It has the shape of a spherical triangle, the apex of which faces down. One of the fundamental structures of Byzantine architecture.
Pylon (pylon, Greek) - large pillars supporting vaults or located on the sides of the portal of a building.
Pishtak(pers.) - a large portal in the form of an ivan, where the entrance to a mosque, madrasah or mausoleum is located.
Tympanum (tympanon, Greek) - in architecture - a triangular or semicircular field of a pediment (limited on the sides by roof slopes) or the surface of a wall above an entrance arch or window.
Tarncept(late Latin - transeptum) - a transverse nave crossing the longitudinal volume of the building.
Tromp (trompe- French) - a vaulted structure in the shape of part of a cone, half or quarter of a spherical dome.
Stalactites(from Greek stalactos- “drop by drop”) - decorative prismatic forms located in rows overhanging each other on the arches of niches, tromps, cornices, etc. Stalactites facilitate the transition from a square plan to a spherical one. Mainly used in the architecture of Bl. countries. and Wed. East.
Howza- a room outside the mosque or fountains in the courtyard intended for ritual ablution before entering the mosque.
Jewish temples
Bar Mitzvah- reaching adulthood.
Judaism- a religion that arose in the 1st millennium BC. in Palestine, common among Jews.
Mikvah- water tank for ablution.
Minyan- a quorum of 10 men (over 13 years of age) for public worship and other religious ceremonies.
Mishnah- the most ancient part of the Talmud.
Music stand- a stand for notes built into a musical instrument.
Pentateuch- the first five books of the Bible (the teachings of the Torah): Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
Scroll- a manuscript in the form of a strip of papyrus, parchment or paper, rolled into a tube (one of the oldest types of books).
Synagogue- a community of believers and a house of prayer (in Judaism).
Talmud- a collection of religious, ethical and legal proposals of Judaism.
Torah- the traditional Hebrew name for the Pentateuch (or a parchment scroll with the text of the Pentateuch).
Hanukkah- a holiday of consecration, renewal.
Appendix B (mandatory). List of premises, the placement of which is allowed in the basement and ground floors of religious buildings and structures
Appendix B
(required)
Basement floors
1.
Boiler rooms, pumping water supply and sewerage systems; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; elevator machine room.
2.
The vestibule with an exit from it to the outside through the first floor; dressing rooms, restrooms, washrooms, showers; smoking; changing rooms; women's personal hygiene cabins.
3.
Storerooms and storage rooms (except for rooms for storing flammable and combustible liquids).
4.
Enterprises Catering(refectory).
5.
Labor and safety rooms; linen; premises for temporary storage of corpses; unloading; unpacking; storage and washing rooms for bain-marie carts and plaster; sterilization vessels and oilcloths; rooms for disinfection of beds and sterilization of equipment; premises for storage, regeneration and heating of therapeutic mud; rooms for washing and drying sheets, canvases and tarpaulins; compressor
6.
Ironing and cleaning rooms; rooms for drying clothes and shoes; laundry
7.
Laboratories and classrooms for studying special subjects with special equipment.
8.
Workshops other than explosion and fire hazard categories A and B.
9.
Integrated collection points for consumer services; premises for visitors, showrooms, filming rooms, photo studio halls with laboratories: premises of rental points, halls for family celebrations.
10.
Radio centers, film and photo laboratories; premises for closed circuit television systems.
11.
Shooting ranges; gyms and premises for training and physical education classes (without stands for spectators); ski storage rooms; billiard rooms; table tennis rooms
12.
Book depositories; archive storage...
13.
Cinemas or their halls with up to 300 seats: exhibition halls; premises for adult circle classes, foyer.
14.
Rooms for board games, rehearsal rooms (with the number of one-time visitors in each compartment no more than 100 people). In this case, it is necessary to provide for the finishing of walls and ceilings from non-combustible materials.
15.
The hold of the stage, stage and arena, orchestra pit, rooms of the orchestra director and orchestra members.
Ground floor
1.
All premises that are allowed to be located in basements.
2.
Service and office premises.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation |
UDC 614.841.3:006.354 OKS 13.220.01
Key words: religious buildings, Orthodox churches, Muslim temples, Jewish temples, fire safety, safe evacuation.
Head of the developer organization:
Head of the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor N.P. Kopylov
Topic leader:
Chief Researcher
FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor V.I. Prisadkov
Executor:
Senior Researcher
FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia A.S. Baranovsky
All religious buildings - churches, monasteries, temples and mosques - contain many fire hazards in their interiors and everyday use. These include lamps, candlesticks, one, two and seven candlesticks, and many services are held using lit church candles.
Recently, gas pipelines and electricity began to be supplied to these structures. In addition, churches contain many cultural and historical values which are subject to special protection.
Fire in such buildings, unfortunately, is not a rare occurrence. Common cause called failure to comply with instructions on fire safety measures in churches and other religious premises.
Modern rules require the presence in public places, which also include temples and churches, of visitor warning systems, etc.
What other rules and regulations exist for fire prevention at religious sites? How to escape if a fire breaks out while you are inside the room - we will consider further.
New fire safety rules in churches
Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev approved a document that describes in detail the fire safety requirements for religious organizations. It was prepared jointly with the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, and was also approved by the Interreligious Council of the Russian Federation. Changes made to the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation Add section XXI with the following content: “XXI. Religious objects." Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 28, 2017 No. 1174
The document contains several points that prescribe the following:
- In the room where clergy are located, there must be at least 1 fire extinguisher.
- Organization of constant telephone communication with security and duty officers.
- Flammable liquids should only be stored in designated areas. Only a certain amount is allowed in the prayer hall or during rituals. In halls decorated with non-combustible materials, the maximum amount is 20 liters, and for the rest - no more than 5 liters are allowed.
- There is a ban on fire-hazardous work in the premises when parishioners are present.
- Electric heating devices should be installed at a distance of more than 1 meter from places where oil liquids are stored and spilled. Glass containers for flammable liquids are prohibited. They are poured into lamps only from unbreakable containers.
- During holiday services with big amount parishioners should organize additional fire-fighting measures.
- All items of religious interior with open fire are installed stably only on a non-flammable surface. The possibility of overturning such objects must be excluded. A lit censer is located at a distance of 0.5 meters or more from flammable furnishings or interior items.
- Hangers and a changing room with clothes can only be located at a distance of 1.5 m from open fire places (lamps, candlesticks, stoves).
- Carpets that are used only during religious events may not be attached to the floor.
- Placing grass in the prayer hall on the Feast of the Holy Trinity is only possible for 24 hours. Subsequently it must be replaced.
- If there is a need for flammable materials in the hall (dry grass, spruce branches), then they should be located only 1.5 m from open flame sources.
More details in the video on the topic
In addition to the specified fire safety rules for churches, which should be observed during services, new document instructs clergy to check emergency and evacuation exits daily. All of them must comply with the above points.
Despite the fact that in holidays a huge number of people come, including children; there were no special rules that would regulate fire safety at religious sites. This is what influenced the determination of the rules of special regulation in this area.
How to behave in case of fire in a temple or church
Due to the large number of open sources of fire and crowds of parishioners, it can be extremely difficult to fully comply with all fire safety rules in the church. The situation can be further complicated by the presence of carpets and other items that are easily exposed to fire.
When a fire occurs in temples, it can be difficult to control its spread. This is often due to the structural features of religious sites. In many churches, the presence of a high dome prevents firefighters from bringing the fire under control.
Thus, it is extremely important to act correctly during a fire in a temple. Let us remind you how parishioners should behave if a fire is detected:
- It is necessary to immediately, without wasting time, call the fire brigade. Information must be accurate. You should name: the address of the church; briefly about what happened; and your contact details.
- Don't lose your composure. Organize the evacuation of people.
- For small fires, try using primary extinguishing agents to extinguish the fire. There must be a fire extinguisher in the church; check its availability and location with the church staff.
- If the fire spreads too quickly, don't be a hero. Leave the room by closing the doors tightly.
However, the most important thing is to prevent such a fiery situation. To do this, all visitors must carefully and seriously adhere to established instructions about fire safety measures in the church.
Read how to properly call the fire department here:
Instructions on fire safety measures in churches and temples (sample)
Full text of the document by clicking the DOWNLOAD button
Don't lean too close to the lit candles. Be sure to check where the emergency exits are before the service. When there is a sound warning about a possible fire, do not create panic, do not push other parishioners, and try not to get into a crush.
Temple workers should also follow all regulations to ensure the safety of parishioners:
- Emergency exit routes from the premises should be kept in proper condition (not cluttered).
- Ensure unimpeded access for fire brigade vehicles and medical assistance.
- Alarms and fire alarms must be in working order. To do this, it will blow them off regularly.
- Ensure that working fire extinguishers are available in open access areas.
All church workers should know what to do in case of fire. The Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations recommends remaining vigilant and exercising control over children while in churches. Fire often occurs due to human negligence. Knowledge and compliance with fire safety regulations will make visiting church safe, and the time spent there will be filled with only positive emotions.
Religious and entertainment establishments are among those where there is always a high traffic volume of people, and therefore fire risks are high. The design of fire alarms here, although based on a generally accepted regulatory framework, has its own characteristics.
Features of fire alarm design in churches and temples
The design features of religious objects, namely the absence of the usual ceiling and its replacement with a dome, do not allow standard installation of smoke and heat detectors. They will be ineffective in such conditions. It is more rational to design fire detection sensors in such a space.
Modern devices operating on the basis of the frequency signal processing method do not perceive the radiation of a single candle, which is always present in churches, as an alarm signal. Therefore, to equip churches, it is necessary to select just such infrared devices to avoid false alarms.
Practice shows that even candles installed in groups fluctuate chaotically due to drafts and do not create uniform synchronous pulsations that could give a signal to fire recognition sensors. Therefore, it is preferable to use such equipment when designing a fire alarm for a temple or church.
Features of fire alarm design in entertainment venues
Entertainment establishments fall into the category of those in which it is very difficult to predict all possible scenarios for the development of a fire and determine the type of combustion at the initial stage. This is due to the presence in the premises of materials of varying composition, which can behave completely unpredictably when interacting.
If the room is too small, the temperature in it rises rapidly. What if it's filled with plastic? finishing materials, we can only predict a strong degree of smoke. Open fire usually occurs as a result of improper handling of electrical equipment, of which there is always a lot in entertainment venues. And it is impossible to predict what exactly will fail due to the human factor.
That is why a fire safety project must be comprehensive and take into account these and other points. The fire alarm system must include:
- smoke detectors for detecting smoke;
- thermal sensors that monitor temperature increases;
- flame detectors - to detect open fire - preferably multi-spectral or multi-band infrared.
Engineers of Spetsproekt Group LLC use exactly this A complex approach to prevent the development of a fire in a matter of seconds and organize a quick evacuation of people. When selecting fire detection sensors for nightclubs, we take into account high level optical interference, such as the flickering of artificial light sources, which allows you to design a system with a minimum number of false alarms.
SP 31-103-99
4.8* Design of fire protection of buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches, as well as compliance with fire safety regulations during their construction, reconstruction and repair must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01, NPB 108, PPB 01 and other current norms and rules.
JV project Religious buildings. Fire safety requirements
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 Religious buildings are subject to mandatory equipment with fire safety engineering systems.
8.1.2 In the absence of the technical ability to equip religious buildings with fire safety engineering systems in accordance with fire safety requirements (impossibility of installing fire detectors in a double-height or under-dome space, inability to provide for measures to remove smoke from a double-height or under-dome space, large heights, etc.) , it is necessary to provide additional measures for fire protection, in coordination with the state fire supervision authorities.
8.2.4. For internal extinguishing of domes of Orthodox churches, Muslim mosques, minarets and towers made of flammable materials, it is necessary to install dry pipes with deluge sprinklers equipped with fire connection heads for supplying water from fire fighting vehicles.
8.4 Automatic fire alarm systems, warning people about fire and evacuation control and automatic fire extinguishing
8.4.1. Automatic fire alarms must be installed in all premises with mandatory output of the signal to a room with 24-hour occupancy or to the nearest fire department. When choosing smoke detectors, you should take into account the specific use of the premises (use of incense, candles, etc.).
8.4.2. To protect the prayer hall, altar room and other ritual premises, automatic water fire extinguishing systems can be used instead of automatic fire alarms.
8.4.3. Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems must be made in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.
8.4.4. Religious buildings must be equipped with fire warning systems. Fire warning and evacuation control systems must be made in accordance with the requirements of SP 3.13130.
NPB108
7. Fire automatics
7.1. Automatic fire alarms must be installed in all premises with mandatory output of the signal to a room with 24-hour occupancy or to the nearest fire department. When choosing smoke alarms, consider the use of incense and candles.
7.2. To protect the prayer hall, altar room and other ritual premises, automatic water fire extinguishing systems can be used instead of automatic fire alarms.
7.3. Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems must be made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84.
Date of introduction 1994-01-12
DEVELOPED by E.P. staff Tyurin, L.I. Savchuk under the leadership of V.G. Sinilova
APPROVED by the Main Military Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on January 12, 1994.
The features of the selection and use of fire safety equipment (FS) and in churches are considered.
Designed for engineering and technical workers of security departments, design and installation teams and centers, as well as security service specialists of organizations involved in the design and installation of security equipment, etc.
The sharp increase in criminal attacks on material and artistic values has acutely raised the problem of ensuring reliable protection of ancient icons and other church antiques located in churches, cathedrals, monasteries and other religious institutions (hereinafter referred to as churches).
Currently, many churches are not equipped with security alarms, are technically poorly fortified and lack physical security. These factors, and the fact that the valuables in churches are in demand in Russia and abroad, attract criminals and allow them to commit thefts almost without hindrance.
4.3.4 Television surveillance systems are designed to transmit visual information about the state of the protected perimeter, territory or premises of the church to the security post. The use of television monitoring allows, in the event of receiving a signal of a violation, to determine the nature and location of the violation, the direction of movement of the violator and take the necessary measures.
Complex technical means television surveillance systems consists of:
- transmitting television cameras and control panels;
- , power supply devices and additional devices that provide the necessary for the protected area or premises.
4.3.5 The choice of the type and quantity used and their placement should be made taking into account the specific characteristics of the protected church.
4.3.6 The control panel and video control devices of the television surveillance system should be located in the security post premises.
4.4. Placement and installation of security alarms in church premises
4.4.1 Magnetic contact detectors of the SMK, I0102 type are recommended to be installed one on each blocked element in a hidden or open way.
In justified cases, when blocking the opening of internal doors, two SMK, I0102 detectors can be installed on them for each blocked element.
Detectors should be placed in the upper part of the blocked element at a distance of up to 200 mm from the vertical solution line on the inside of the protected premises.
The magnetically controlled contact must be installed on the stationary part of the locked element, and the permanent magnet assembly must be installed on its moving part (taking into account parallelism and permissible distance between nodes no more than 8 mm).
4.4.2 Surface security detectors of the type “Window-1”, “Window-2”, “Window-4” must be placed on the inside of the glass of the blocked structures in such a way that the possibility of intentional or accidental damage is excluded components detector or connecting lines.
On glass with an area of up to 3 sq. m, if the diagonal of the canvas is no more than 2.5 m, glass breakage sensors (GDS) should be installed at a distance of 10-15 cm from the trim at the midpoint of the upper side of the canvas. It is allowed to install the DRS in one of the corners at the upper sides of the web at the same distance from the trim, if the minimum length of the line from the DRS to the signal processing unit (SPU) and the number of junction boxes are ensured.
4.4.3 In protected areas subject to vibration and shock interference, as well as where it is necessary to preserve the decor of the interior to block glazed surfaces, aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.008-0.01 mm and a width of 6-8 mm should be used to protect window openings and 3 mm wide - to protect the glass of icon cases and icons.
To eliminate the possibility of “short-circuiting” the alarm loops in order to unblock glazed openings, it is recommended to connect two alarm loop lines to the blocked structure (see Fig. 9). In places of transitions from one section of foil to another, only the lines of different sections of the alarm loop should be in close proximity to each other.
4.4.4 Blocking of building structures (doors, hatches, gates, non-permanent walls, partitions, ceilings, etc.) for a break is carried out using wire type NVM with a cross-section of 0.2 sq mm, PEL, PEV with a diameter of 0.18-0.25 mm or in a similar, hidden or overt manner.
To eliminate the possibility of “shorting” the alarm loops for the purpose of unblocking building structures, it is recommended to connect two lines of the alarm loop to the blocked structure or include a diode in the alarm loop, as shown in Fig. 11.
Fig. 11 - Option for blocking the door with a wire for a “break”
1 - detector SMK-1 (I0102-4); 2 - connecting box K-14; 3 - HVM wire; 4 - diode.
The wire must be routed along inside blocked building structures, along the entire area parallel to the contour lines with a pitch of no more than 200 mm and fastened with brackets. The distance between brackets is no more than 200 mm.
At open method wire gaskets are attached directly to the surface of building structure elements and are subsequently protected from accidental damage by plywood, hardboard and other non-conducting, decorative materials.
With the hidden method, the wire is laid and secured in grooves, followed by adhesive putty and painting. The depth and width of the groove must be at least twice the diameter of the wire.
4.4.5 Metal objects, cabinets, and safes blocked by capacitive detectors must be installed on a floor with a good insulating coating. When installing interlocking items on stone, concrete or other floors with low insulation resistance, a rubber mat or other similar insulating material must be placed underneath.
4.4.6 When blocking objects with a surface electrostatic detector "Gyurza-050", the following requirements must be taken into account:
- All sensors are recommended to be connected to the detector via a connection line in parallel;
- connection lines are recommended to be made with radio frequency cable type RK-50-1.5, RK-75-1.5;
- connect the sensors to the line by soldering with POS-40, POS-60 solder with acid-free flux;
- the length of the unshielded section of the central conductor of the cable should be no more than 5 mm.
4.4.7 When choosing a location for installing radio wave detectors in protected premises of churches, the following requirements must be taken into account:
- the detector must be installed on rigid, vibration-resistant supports (main walls, columns, etc.);
- the detector must be oriented in the room in such a way that it is not aimed directly at window openings, exhaust air ducts, thin partitions behind which people may move during the security period;
- There should be no large objects in the detection zone of the detector, large metal surfaces(cabinets, partitions), which can create “radio shadows” (dead zones);
- During the period of protection in the protected premises, it is not allowed to turn on fluorescent lamps located closer to the detector than 12 m, and to leave cats, dogs and other pets;
- when using two or more detectors in one room, the detectors must have different frequency letters.
The installation height of the detector, depending on the size of the protected premises, should be within 2-3 m from the floor.
4.4.8 When choosing a location for installing ultrasonic detectors in protected premises of churches, the following requirements must be observed:
- various enclosing surfaces (boards, partitions, walls, cabinets, etc.) must be located no closer than 2 m from the front part of the detector blocks and no closer than 1 meter from each side wall of the block (i.e. the protected room should not be long , width and height less than 2 m);
- the installation height of detectors from the floor should be within 1.5-2.5 m;
- it is necessary to orient the detector detection zone so that most of the protected area of the room is in front of it.
It is not allowed to install detectors directly above heating radiators, above vents, near curtains, curtains and stoves, near ornamental plants and flowers whose branches can sway due to air movement in the room.
When performing installation work, it should be taken into account that the connections are made with unshielded wire. To increase the stable operation of the detector, the connecting wires between the detector blocks must be laid at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the power network lines and from the lines that connect the network light and sound to.
4.4.9 When installing optical-electronic active detectors in protected premises of churches, the following general requirements must be met:
- the emitter and receiver should be installed on rigid, vibration-resistant supports (main walls, columns, etc.);
- Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, which leads to overheating and premature failure of photo- and LEDs;
- It is unacceptable for the receiver lens to be exposed to sunlight and car headlights;
- the space through which the beam passes in width and height of 0.5 m must be free of foreign objects.
4.4.10 When choosing a location for installing passive detectors in protected premises of churches, you must be guided by the following provisions:
- During operation, the detector should not be illuminated by the sun, especially if there are trees in front of the window, the crown of which can create light glare;
- the detector should not be installed so that it (or the wall, icon, icon case opposite it) is illuminated by car headlights or;
- The detector should not be installed at a distance of less than 1.5 m from vent, from a heating battery or stove. It is not recommended to install the detector above the radiator.
In exceptional cases, when a protected room with large glazed openings is located on the ground floor of a church, where reflected light from the headlights of passing vehicles is possible, a light-protective filter must be installed on the detector.
4.4.11 The permissible length of the power line from the detectors to the power supply units "Electronics D2-27" must be no more than 50 m. The wiring of the power line from the power supply unit to the detector must be made with a wire of the type TRP, TRV, AGRP, AGRV with a core diameter of 0. 4-0.7 mm.
When used as a backup power source, the backup battery or dry elements, the operation of technical alarm systems must be ensured for at least one day - in standby mode and at least 3 hours - in alarm mode.
4.4.12 In church premises where mechanical damage to electrical wiring is possible, it is necessary to use hidden electrical wiring; openly laid wires and cables must be protected by protective shells, pipes, boxes, and fences.
4.4.13 For the installation of electrical wiring of the alarm loop, wires of the TRP, TRV brands are used, and the leads from the blocked elements to branch boxes of the UK-2P type are used with wires of the NVM, MSV brand or similar parameters.
4.4.14 The connecting power circuits of electrical wiring are made, as a rule, with cables of the TG, TB, TPVEP, TPPEP, TPPB brands with conductors with a diameter of at least 0.4 mm and a capacity of five pairs or more.
4.4.15 Electrical wiring running along external walls at a height of less than 2.5 m or through rooms that are not subject to protection must be carried out in a hidden way or in metal pipes.
4.4.16 With an open parallel installation, the distance between the wires and cables of the alarm loop and connecting lines with power and lighting wires and cables must be at least 0.5 m.
If it is necessary to lay these wires and cables at a distance of less than 0.5 m from power and lighting wires, they must be protected from interference.
It is allowed to reduce the distance to 0.25 m from wires and cables of alarm loops and connecting lines to single lighting wires and control cables without interference protection.
4.4.17 When crossing power and lighting networks, cables and wires of the alarm loop and connecting lines at the intersection points must be covered with additional insulation (rubber or polyvinyl chloride tube, the ends of which protrude 4-5 mm from each side of the transition).
4.4.18 When laying cables in places where they turn at an angle of 90 degrees or close to it, the bending radius must be at least seven cable diameters.
4.4.19 Cables and wires must be secured to building structures using fasteners or staples made of thin-sheet galvanized steel, polyethylene, and elastic staples. Installation of fasteners must be done using screws or glue.
4.4.20 Fastening the wires should be done:
- with separating bases such as TRV, TRP - steel nails, provided that the diameter of the nail head is not greater than the distance between the wire cores;
- without a dividing base NVM, PMVG - with staples.
In the places where the wire is fastened, an uncut or cut but larger diameter polyvinyl chloride tube with a length of at least 10 mm should be placed under the brackets.
The fastening spacing for horizontal installations is 0.25 m, for vertical installations - 0.35 m.
Splicing and branching of wires of the TRP, TRV and similar brands should be done in boxes using the soldering method or with a screw.
4.4.21 When laying several wires along one route, it is allowed to place them close to each other. Place the nails of the staples securing the wire in a staggered or sequential order (mutually shifted along the length of the wire by 20 mm).
4.4.22 When performing hidden wiring in the floor and between floors, the cables must be laid in channels and pipes. Tightly embedding cables into building structures is not permitted.
4.4.23 Reception and control devices must be installed in church premises where access by unauthorized persons is excluded.
4.4.24 To prevent unauthorized persons from accessing volumetric detection detectors located in rooms, corridors, and other places of the church, measures must be taken to camouflage and install them hidden.
4.5. Placement and installation of perimeter security alarms
4.5.1 Emitters and photoreceivers of perimeter detectors must be installed at the boundaries of the blocked area on rigid vibration-resistant supports (main walls, pillars with a diameter of 60 to 120 mm), ensuring the absence of vibrations with an amplitude of more than 0.1 mm when exposed to external disturbances.
There should be no buildings, bushes, trees, etc. in the detector coverage area.
Depending on the structure of the blocked area, detectors should be used in two placement options in the protected area: along the fence, above the fence.
To protect detector units from unauthorized persons, it is recommended to place the units in special casings.
Connecting and network wires must be laid in pipes or metal hoses.
4.5.2 Television surveillance systems must be protected from mechanical damage and installed in places that exclude the possibility of their intentional damage and allow viewing of areas of the protected perimeter and territory.
4.5.3 The laying of power and control cables, grounding conductors of television surveillance systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for the construction of electrical installations" () and the "Instructions for the installation of structures for communication, radio broadcasting and television devices" VSN-600 - 81 of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation.
4.6 Types of alarms and alarm messages
4.6.1 Three types of alarms should be used in protected churches:
- centralized;
- combined;
- autonomous.
4.6.2 Centralized alarm (preferred) should be built in such a way that all church security lines (depending on the concentration of values) go to reception and control devices () of small or medium capacity, and from them to the central monitoring console (). The transmission of an alarm message to the monitoring station can be carried out both over telephone lines and over a radio channel using Struna or Struna-2 equipment.
This equipment is very effective in organizing centralized and autonomous security of churches (in rural areas), located at a distance of up to 3 km from the security point. Has high noise immunity and provides:
- centralized security of up to 20 objects (Struna) and up to 7 objects (Struna-2);
- processes for placing objects under protection and deprotecting them;
- multinational security;
- high information content;
- efficiency and ease of equipment deployment;
- ability to connect and sound to an object device.
4.6.3 Combined signaling is constructed as follows:
- all boundaries, as indicated in clause 4.6.2, must be displayed on the control panel;
- the alarm signal must be output from the control panel to the guard's (caretaker's) premises;
- transmission to the monitoring station can be carried out similarly to clause 4.6.2 from the guard’s premises.
4.6.4 This type alarms can be used in cases where the church territory has an external fence and internal (24-hour) guard security. In this case, a button must be installed in the watchman’s premises, designed to transmit alarm signals via telephone lines, and in their absence, via a radio channel to the monitoring station or to the duty units of the internal affairs bodies in order to take timely measures in the event of attempts to enter the protected premises of the church.
4.6.5 Alarm buttons should also be installed in protected areas of the church and in places where an intruder may enter (approx. entrance doors, altar doors, window openings, etc.) so that when the guard is walking around the church premises, in the event of an alarm, the detention group can be called in a timely manner.
4.6.6 Autonomous signaling is constructed as follows:
- all boundaries, as in paragraph 4.6.2, must be displayed on the control panel;
- the alarm signal must be output from the control panel to the guard's premises, if available, and (or) to light and sound alarms.
4.6.7 This type of alarm can be used to protect churches located in sparsely populated cities or rural areas. Sound and light alarm at the same time, it serves to attract the attention of church ministers, police officers, security guards and the population when the PKP is triggered.
