Perhaps such a reverent attitude towards one’s home arose in the UK due to the weather, which does not offer much sunny days. So say, at least, the British themselves, who do not understand the desire of the Spaniards or the French to spend their evenings at the tables of street cafes.
Or maybe this simple desire to turn a house into a fortress, which will be closed from everyone, but at the same time will be comfortable and beautiful, is connected with the character of this country, which occupies an isolated island, and also with the desire and conservatism to preserve its traditions.
In any case, a tour of the house of a real Englishman is always very interesting. Residents of Great Britain love to visit the mansions of aristocrats, which are always open to tourists, so for them there is nothing reprehensible in tourists wanting to see the inside of their home. But you will have to wait a long time for an invitation to stay - the British will not let just anyone into their house.
How is it different from all the others? English style in the interior? How has it retained its charm over the centuries? Is it possible to create a design in a simple apartment? english style?
Before going on an excursion to a house with an English-style interior, you need to highlight its main features and features in order to be prepared in advance for what awaits you outside the door.
The British style can be described in two words: “restraint and luxury.” In the home of an English gentleman, everything should be rich, solid and respectable. But luxury should not be conspicuous.
The British have a well-developed sense of proportion and taste; their style is an elegant embodiment of centuries-old traditions, classics and, at the same time, imperial pride. We must not forget that when the English style was formed, Great Britain was the largest empire on the planet, and its possessions extended to the most distant islands.
The colonial past had a strong influence on the formation of this English style in the interior. Residents of Foggy Albion wanted to create a corner of “good old England” where they found themselves on duty. But, on the other hand, Asian and Indian motifs can be found in the most respectable living room.
There are two types of English style: Victorian and Georgian. The style, which was formed during the reign of George the First, has a noticeable influence from Greece and Ancient Rome, and the Victorian style combines the latest trends and the luxury of aristocratic castles. Victorian style more modern and has pronounced features of traditional English style in the interior.
Victorian style can always be noticed by the following features:
- wallpaper with vertical stripes, floral patterns, large patterns;
- the use of carpets with spectacular patterns, gilding, fireplaces, paintings in lush frames, crystal, forged candlesticks, yellow copper and crystal;
- abundance of textiles. This style always has a lot of drapery and fabrics. Silk, chenille, velor and velvet - all this can be used to emphasize the luxury of the interior. The windows are always richly draped - drapes, curtains, and with tassels, lambrequins and cords. Window sills are usually low and wide, and you can place a cushion on them to admire the landscape;
— solid furniture made of dark wood, with carvings. This style is contraindicated for fans of minimalism, since the English style always has a lot of furniture. The furniture pieces are distinguished by curved legs in the shape of an inverted comma;
- flooring ceramic tile with a pattern, wood or inlaid parquet;
- natural, but there are many additional sources lights: chandeliers, sconces and floor lamps. Newfangled halogen lamps are excluded.
Another important difference between the British style in the interior is that in an English house, usually all the rooms are small, it is not customary to connect the kitchen with the living room, and an open layout is not encouraged. The British really value the opportunity to be alone with themselves in their home, and a separate room will allow them to do this.
Therefore, this style is suitable for decorating not only a spacious mansion or country house, but also for a simple apartment in which the rooms are not large in size.
Hallway
Any house begins with a hall or hallway, an English house is no exception.
This small room may reflect the owner's affection for antique furniture, an umbrella stand is appropriate here, the entrance to other rooms is draped with heavy curtains. 
Living room
The next room that greets guests after the hallway is the living room, the most representative room in the house.
The first thing that catches your eye in an English living room is the fireplace. Without it, it will not be possible to create the desired atmosphere of home warmth and comfort. It is worth recalling that in Great Britain it was forbidden to burn a fireplace with coal back in the sixties of the last century, because the smoke from numerous fireplaces had a bad effect on the air of cities. In most cases, the British use open stoves that burn solid biofuels or wood, or electric fireplaces.
Always located next to the fireplace easy chair with high armrests. Near the chair there is an ottoman, where it is nice to put your tired legs after a hard day. Sitting comfortably by the massive sofa coffee table with curved legs.
A living room with an English interior style always has a lot of trinkets. Souvenirs, figurines, embroidered napkins, porcelain, shells, photographs of family members - from birth to the golden wedding - all the hobbies of the inhabitants of the house are reflected in the interior.
Study and library
A true gentleman will definitely arrange a room for himself in his home, where he can smoke a cigar or pipe, check mail, read newspapers, finish unfinished business at work, drink whiskey with a friend or talk with business partners. It is the library and the office that are traditionally the “male kingdom”, the place where the atmosphere suggests serious thought.
According to the observations of designers, today, when arranging a library or office, most people use the English style. This style is the most respectable and ideal for this room.
Do not forget about the main features in this direction - a massive chair made of black or brown leather, a table with a solid writing set, dark wood furniture, several figurines, a lot of books. Here it is better not to advertise a printer, computer, tablet, laptop and other modern attributes business man. Of course, you can’t do without them, but they will not play an important role in an office with an English interior style.
Bedroom
Unless you are a relative or close friend, you cannot enter an Englishman's bedroom. This is the most intimate area for them, a quiet and secluded room in the house. But, if you still manage to see this room, you will be pleasantly surprised by the atmosphere of warmth, calm and homeliness.
Decorate the bedroom with traditional wallpaper for this style. vertical stripe dark red or dark green. The bed is large, wooden, with a high headboard, with big amount pillows of different shades and shapes.
On the nightstand next to the bed there is a lamp with a lush shade, photographs and books. As in the living room, the walls here are decorated with paintings.
Children's
A child's room in this style is very cozy and functional. A large amount of textiles makes the room comfortable and cozy, which is suitable not only for a teenager, but also for an infant.
In the English style, a large number of little things are welcome in the interior. Where else, if not in a children's room, can such “decor” appear as plasticine figures, towers from construction sets, drawings and entire castles for tin soldiers? All the details that are dear to the child will fit well into the interior and add warmth and comfort to it.
Bathroom
The traditional English bathroom has retro-style fixtures, a bathtub curved legs, not tiled, but exposed. You can also see a lot of swimwear here, in beige, blue or white shades.
Of course, today you can choose such plumbing fixtures, but they are expensive, so the English style is rare in the bathroom.
Kitchen
In an Englishman’s house, as mentioned above, it is not customary to combine the living room with the kitchen. It is not customary for them to display cooking. And it’s more pleasant to dine here. But the living room is intended only for leisure, and not for dining.
In English cuisine, a large dinner table, behind which all household members can accommodate. If the kitchen is small, then you need to find a place for family dinner in another room.
The hob or stove is often designed like a real hearth, framed by a portal, and Appliances securely hidden.
If you like classics in the interior, then the English style is perfect for you. And also this style is suitable for those for whom the words “aristocratism”, “ home comfort", "traditions" are not an empty phrase.
Georgian (Gregorian) style in the interior Part 1In England, people began to build mansions and decorate interiors in a classical style. Gregorian (Georgian)(1714-1837) and Victorian(1937-1901) era.
The Hanoverian dynasty in England was represented by the rulers from George I to George IV, after whom the Georgian style received its name.
The glorious era lasted from approximately 1714 to 1830. Throughout this time, the Georgian style changed, acquired new features, and acquired original details. At the same time, only its basic principles remained unshakable: the desire for harmony, symmetry of forms, the creation of simple mathematical relationships, spaces filled with light and elegant decorative objects.
Elements of the Gregorian style:
. large entrance group
. classical architectural forms
. decorative colonnade
. uncomplicated pitched roof
. The facade is monochromatic - brick-like.
Gregorian style characteristic of English architecture of the 18th century (since 1714), where the main difference is the symmetry of the layout relative to the central lines
.
Characteristic design facades of this style are brickwork from plain or variegated dark bricks burgundy shades. The ornament is made of monochromatic plastered elements. Characterized by massive entrance group with a colonnade. The roof is often four pitched and hipped. As roofing Noble gray shades reminiscent of natural slate look appropriateFitzhugh house , OK. 1758; painting approx. 1770-80King George, Virginia, pine, walnut
The first section is the base ( plating wood panels ) - included a plinth, a plinth panel and a rail, which was located approximately at a height of 75 cm. The second section is the actual “field” of the wall, that is, its middle. The last, third, section consisted of a frieze and cornice. At first, the panels were most likely made of oak and polished with ordinary wax.
Frieze and fireplace shows classical Georgian influence:
In the 17th and 18th centuries, England, along with France, was one of the largest centers of European architecture. It not only caught up with the rest of the European powers in its development, but also began to provide models for buildings in other countries. If the 17th century became an era of apprenticeship for English architecture, then in the 18th century an independent and very original architectural style. Inigo Jones, the greatest master of the time, brought the spirit of the classics: his works were made under the influence of the outstanding Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio.
Examples of facades in this style:.
Queens House, Greenwich, 1616-35And the royal townhouse near Victoria Station is now the Eccleston Square Hotel. At the end of the 19th century, Queen Victoria and Admiral of the Fleet Lord Mountbatten lived here
After design bureau Woods&Bagot worked on the interior of the building, Eccleston Square Hotel claims to be the most high-tech hotel in Europe
An English house is built according to the principle of being rich and restrained. The Gregorian interior style is the “golden mean” between the pretentiousness of royal bedchambers and standard techniques of classical design. Great Britain has traditionally been considered a country of fog and rain. Therefore, bright, rich colors began to be used in the interior: red-orange, deep green, mustard, cream. Dominant and gentle, soft colors-- cream, mustard, reddish-brown, deep green. This choice is not made by chance - even on a chilly autumn day, in a room decorated in soft reddish-brown tones and lit by candles, you feel very cozy. The eclectic furniture of the Gregorian period shows traces of Gothic, Baroque, Roccoco
The introduction of sash windows at the end of the 17th century ushered in a new era in which windows became much larger because... lifting mechanism made it quite easy to lift the enormous weight of the entire structure. During the Gregorian period from the early 18th century to the early 19th, sash windows established themselves as the most common window mechanism throughout Britain. Window shutters built into the frame above the window have also taken a strong place in the design of the facade of the house. Initially, windows were built into the facade of the house, but new trends had a revolutionary effect on appearance buildings
Since the early 1980s, neo-Georgian buildings have come back into fashion, with sash windows being the de facto standard. The windows did not have aesthetic appeal, but even the fact that they also imposed certain inconveniences of practical use did not in any way influence the decision of post-modern architects and builders. Thus, lift-and-slide windows are quite susceptible to “sticking” and are difficult to clean. They rattle when exposed to strong gusts of wind. On the other hand, drafts penetrating through an imperfect design from a medical point of view have a beneficial effect on the health of the British nation, because Due to constant air circulation, a fresh atmosphere is maintained in the room
The earlier Georgian style is painted in light colors - white and its closest shades
Drawing was not used in the design of walls, floors and ceilings in those days. But against the background of light monochromatic walls there is a carving wooden elements- skirting boards, borders and doors - was read especially clearly. The choice of color, as a rule, was determined by the direction of the world where the windows of the room faced. If to the north, the walls were painted in warm colors: pale pink, golden and yellow, if to the south - azure or greenish
Later, during the reign of Queen Victoria, the range of colors used in decoration living rooms, has expanded significantly. The dominant shades of terracotta - baked clay - red, brown, brick colors. With the advent of wallpaper, drawings were also added. Basically, these were constantly repeating plant elements, for example, fleur-de-lis or dense emerald foliage with a golden tint
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/36.127.Later, when the use of softer woods began, the panels were painted in rather dull colors or painted to resemble more expensive wood. It was fashionable to hang tapestries and expensive fabrics on the walls. The walls were often covered with fabric, but not in dining rooms, where the fabric could absorb food odors. Materials such as silk or wool damask were attached to the wall above the plinth on wooden slats, and a gold-plated mesh was attached to the top. Expensive wallpaper (including pile wallpaper and with oriental patterns) was produced in panels. Not in rolls. They were valued very highly, and most often they were first attached to canvas and then hung on the wall. This allowed the owners to take the wallpaper with them if they sold the house.
At this time, they come up with a built-in wardrobe - a niche with shelves is covered with a door
SIGNS of Georgian style:
· noticeable influence Ancient Greece and Rome: the presence of Greco-Roman columns, pilasters, friezes
· majesty, restraint, proportionality and symmetry
· orderliness, good quality, authenticity and naturalness in everything
· a lot of space, light · pale colors · elegant decor · imitation of classical motifs
2. Colors: pastel: golden, ocher, bluish
3. Materials- only valuable ones: · tree (red, black, ebony and satin wood, rosewood)
· brass inlay · bronze · Ivory
4. Textile(the principle of restraint and naturalness is used in fabrics):
· the same fabric for curtains and bed draperies · mostly pastel colors
· pattern - small and discreet · floral printed chintz · tapestries · rich damask fabrics
· brocade of gold, blue and red flowers
5. Walls:· smooth, light, plain paper wallpaper borders, skirting boards, panels
6. Window:· elongated balconies are decorated with rich stucco with ancient Greek and Roman motifs
7. Window decoration:
· double layer curtains with lambrequin , where the first layer is transparent fabric, the second is a denser plain fabric · airy scalloped blinds rising under the lambrequin using cords
8. Ornaments and patterns:· classic palmettes, anthemions, winged lions, eagles and guilloches · classic lyre motif on the crossbar of the backs of chairs and chairs Turkish, Indian, Egyptian and chinoiserie motifs
.GEORGIAN PALETTE
The Georgian palette includes both fairly pale and rich colors, but both look very elegant. The Palladian style tended to be used classic shades stone, marble and alabaster. The later work of Robert Adam and others like him was characterized by softer pastel colors and complex and sophisticated color combinations. Or plain surfaces with elements highlighted against their background in shades of white or neutral. By the way, blue and blue were often combined with white blue tones- this combination was revered as the most “classical”.
When choosing wall color great importance had the way the room was oriented to the cardinal points. For example, "Lavender Gray" was considered one of the most suitable for warm rooms with windows facing south, and colors such as “Warm Stone” were chosen for more northern and cooler rooms.
As for the exterior, dark brown, green and gray tones were in favor: the doors were painted in dark shades, and everything around was painted in one of the shades of white or stone. “Invisible green” was traditionally used for fences and railings - both indoors and outdoors: the painted surfaces truly became “invisible” against the background of the surrounding vegetation.
color spectrum
FURNITURE George I and George II (1714-1760)
The designs of Thomas Chippendale, George Hepplewhite and Thomas Sheraton became legendary and their work is still copied today.
Exquisitely decorated furniture - Slightly curved handles - - Fabric upholstery: Tapestry, Corduroy, Wood - Carved backs-Legs - Artfully curved, most often with carvings: Ball-shaped legs, Legs in the form of a flattened ball. Legs in the shape of a paw, Legs square shape, Simple rounded carved leg Seat shapes: square, horseshoe, rounded or curved at the front. Wing shaped handles bat
Ornaments and decorations - Acanthus leaf, Oriental motifs, Eagle head, Lion head, Masks, Scrolls
Upholstery - Almost all furniture parts intended for sitting, as well as armrests and backrests, are upholstered. Tree - Ash, Black Walnut, Elm, Fruit trees, Hickory, Mahogany, Maple
Below is an example of the design of a Moscow apartment in the Gregorian style: English Art made by Ashley
.The living room turned out to be very elegant and cozy. When arranging it, the designer focused on the design of the floor and ceiling. The height of the room is quite large, which made it possible to make the living room in the style of a ballroom. The space was also expanded due to the fact that the ceiling was made transparent by placing a series of windows on it. Flooring in the living room - decorative laminate, its pattern echoes the shape window openings, balances the rich tones of the wall decoration and completes the image of the room.
The English style is clearly visible in the design of the bedroom. Rich Victorian stucco on the ceiling, among which modern lighting is skillfully hidden, a combination of gold and dark brown - the owners wanted their bedroom to be as comfortable as possible and restrained in the English way. Red notes in the classics somewhat revive color scheme and the use of ornament when decorating walls. If bright colors in other rooms they only hint at the distinctiveness of the design, but the architect made the kitchen unambiguously daring. Red and golden furniture looks very presentable and beautiful, especially against the background light walls and gender.
This is a multi-level apartment, so the architect organically integrated wooden stairs to the second floor. It is located in the living room and, in addition to functional tasks, also plays the role of room decor
To a lesser extent, the Gregorian style can be seen in the design of the bathroom. The main goal when arranging the bathroom was to make the living room as comfortable as possible, equipped with the most modern plumbing fixtures. Even the color scheme here is somewhat different - the room is decorated in light blue tones. As a tribute to the English theme, there is an unusual multi-tiered ceiling. In general, the design of the apartment turned out to be very harmonious and original. English Art helped to realize all the customer’s wishes and turn an ordinary Russian apartment into a real London residence..
.Georgian style in architecture (eng. Georgian architecture) generally means the architecture of the 18th century of England, as well as countries where English influence spread (colonies and dependent territories). The name includes many different styles, and is often contrasted with 19th century architecture, which is called "Victorian architecture."
The appearance of Georgian architecture is associated with the establishment of the Hanoverian dynasty on the throne (ruled Great Britain from 1714 to 1901). The first four kings of the dynasty were called Georges, hence the name of the style. The era of the first Georges was marked by turbulent events, among them - revolutions in Europe, the struggle for independence of the North American colonies, the development of parliamentarism in England, and the beginning of the industrial revolution.
The Georgian style borrows the basic principles of classicism; the influence of the ancient tradition is obvious here. The style involves minimal decor, clear geometric lines, symmetrical layout of buildings. As a rule, the facades of Georgian style houses are composed of flat red bricks (typical of England) or multi-colored bricks (typical of the USA and Canada). The front doors of the houses are brightly colored, and the top of the door is equipped with a window to let in light. The buildings are surrounded on all sides by a basement. The roofs of houses are usually pitched.
During the period of dominance of the Georgian style of architecture, large-scale urban planning began in the country. The style spread not only to England, but also to Scotland, Ireland, and then to the colonial possessions. One of the most famous architects who worked in the Georgian style was Robert Adam, a Scottish architect.
Georgian style is a style of architecture that originated in the 17th century and became widespread in the 18th century in Great Britain and other English-speaking countries. Projects of houses in the Georgian style are developed using techniques of traditional English architecture:
- Symmetry;
- Laconic finishing of facades;
- The use of brick and stone as the main building materials;
- Pitched roof structure with gables above the entrances;
- Large and richly decorated windows and front door.
The Georgian style is used not only in architecture, but also in interior design. In interior design it combines several trends: Gothic, Rococo and even features of French and Chinese styles. The main features are the division of the wall area into three parts in height, each of which is designed in its own way. And also the predominance of light green, light brown, gray colors finishing materials.
Examples of finished projects
The striking features of the Georgian style are demonstrated by project No. 12-16. The symmetry of the building is combined with a pronounced emphasis on front door and windows. A separate canopy imitating a pediment was built over the entrance. Applicable exterior decoration made of facing bricks and natural bitumen shingles.
Project No. 57-89K also shows characteristic features of the style. Two identical symmetrically located roofing elements above the attic windows resemble a pediment. Big square The windows, combined with brick-like clinker tiles, give the facade of the building a traditional British look.
Traditional features of the Gregorian style are also evident in the townhouse project No. 33-03. These include:
- several symmetrical roof elements located on each slope of the house;
- parts made in the form of pediments attic floor located above two separate entrances to the townhouse;
- beautiful design windows and entrances to the building, a multi-level porch leads to the door;
- external finishing with decorative stone.
The Georgian style used in the interior of the house is currently the basis of the popular English style with its absolute combination of symmetry, harmony and proportions.
History of style
The Georgian period began with the reign of George I (1714 – 1727) and lasted for another hundred years. The beginning of this period is characterized by a fashion for the Rococo style with asymmetrical lines, curls and garlands. Travelers by different countries brought newfangled trends to England, one of which was classicism, widely used in architecture and interior design.
The mixing of two different styles - Rococo and Classicism - led to unexpected, but very positive results. Symmetry and straight lines classic style restrained the riot of the interior in the Rococo style, and the latter, in turn, gave spirituality and freedom.
The emerging Georgian style partially absorbed Chinese Gothic. The change in established fashion was also influenced by the spread of the latest materials, and the development of crafts. The house and its decoration increasingly began to be decorated using red wood, and heavy and voluminous decorations were replaced with elegant glassware.
The Georgian house has become the epitome of practicality, Special attention paid to fireplaces and windows. Fireplaces had to keep warm on chilly days, and windows had to let in enough light.
Interior design principles
The Georgian style was and is still considered a golden age and the flowering of decorative and furniture production. Marble was widely used in decoration, the windows were decorated with carved shutters, the ceilings were decorated with stucco, the walls of the house were covered wood paneling. English practicality did not mean that the Georgian style had to be exclusively utilitarian.
Walls
A lot of attention was paid to wall decoration in Georgian interiors. Wall space in classic version was divided into three sections. The first included a base consisting of a plinth, a panel and a batten; this section was sheathed with wooden panels.
The second middle section began at approximately 75 cm from the floor; the third section included a frieze and a cornice. The house in the middle part of the walls was usually sheathed with fabric or expensive wallpaper, excluding the dining room and kitchen.
Floors
A typical Georgian house would have plank or waxed parquet floors. English or oriental carpets added coziness to the home. Alternative option it was also considered the application of varnish or paint on wooden boards. Terracotta tiles were used in the kitchen, bathroom, and hallways.
Situation
A Georgian house must have an ensemble of furniture, where all individual items would be combined in upholstery or main material. Velvet, silk, damask, furniture tapestry and chintz were widely used in the interior.
Fabric designs were influenced oriental motifs, and French imitation fabrics from India (toile de Jouy) helped reproduce the house in chinese style. It was considered popular and fashionable to use embroidered materials.
Accessories and lighting
In addition to the fire in the fireplace, the house was also lit by dozens of candles. They were placed in candelabra, lanterns, candlesticks, sconces, decorated according to classic design or in the Rococo style.
Mirrors and paintings placed in gilded frames were considered indispensable accessories; Chinese porcelain dishes and fans were used for decoration. The house was decorated with silverware, patterns were applied to doors and walls.
Modern style features
The Georgian style can be fully embodied in any era; it is still considered the basis for the interior of a country house. Exquisite decor is inherent in the early development of the Georgian style, and the classical, more traditional direction appeared later.
The Georgian style fits perfectly into the interior of a large living room; it is also suitable for hallways or bedrooms.
It is not difficult to observe it in the interior, the main thing is to adhere to the basic rules.
- The walls of the rooms must be divided into three horizontal sections. You can use inexpensive polyurethane or vinyl cornices; the panels can be easily painted to look like wood using paints and varnishes.
- Wallpaper in the Georgian style is not so expensive compared to earlier times and therefore you can buy it at any time. The house will have a Georgian look if you add a border of gilt tape around the perimeter.
- A self-created pattern on the walls from ribbons, borders and fabrics will help recreate the Georgian style.
- You can put linoleum or vinyl with a marbled pattern on the floor. The kitchen uses tiles laid out in a checkerboard pattern.
- The rooms do not need a huge accumulation of furniture. Shops often sell inexpensive pieces of furniture that imitate the Georgian era. In the interior you can use a chair with an armrest, a wicker chair with a pillow secured with bows.
- It is advisable to place furniture along the walls.
- For windows choose scalloped or roller blinds, lambrequin is widely used.
- Lamps can be chosen similar to the style of the Georgian era, that is, in the form of candles.
- The interior requires mirrors, silhouettes in black frames, decorative panels from plaster. Decorative items should be placed symmetrically.
The color scheme is usually dull: pea, gray, green, brownish tones correspond to the early direction. In a later period, the Georgian style began to be enlivened with blue and pink colors and gilding for decorative items.
