How to insulate a panel house from the outside and with what. How to insulate a multi-storey panel house from the outside of the wall. Poor thermal insulation of seams between panels

Over time, the walls of a panel house need additional insulation. Unlike brick buildings, when there is a difference in temperature, they can freeze and accumulate moisture, which leads to the destruction of the external facade of the house, the appearance of cracks, mold and other unpleasant changes. Residents may notice that the apartments are cold, despite the presence of heating. To eliminate the consequences of such changes, and to maintain the level of heat inside as much as possible, it is recommended to insulate the panel house from the outside.

Advantages of external insulation

External insulation of the house will not only avoid heat leakage through the walls, but will also protect the facade from further destruction. Using various options decorative design in exterior decoration the house will look new. In addition, insulating walls from the outside has the following advantages:

no need for a while repair work evict residents from the house,
increasing the temperature inside the building by protecting walls from freezing and other adverse effects of weather conditions,
there is no change in the size of the interior spaces - the entire living space is preserved,
insulation technology strengthens the supporting structure of a panel house, the building becomes more durable and its service life increases,
a layer of insulation on the outside acts as additional good sound insulation of the building.

External wall insulation is most effective for panel houses– it is possible to save up to 50% of heat.

Types of insulation

The choice of which material is best to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
amount of precipitation, wind strength and speed,
allocated budget for insulation of a panel house,
other individual factors.

useful in work

The estimate and project for the work is usually Management Company or HOA. A team of industrial climbers directly carries out the insulation process from the outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers. It has good performance in basic characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, you need to ensure that the mineral wool does not get wet, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the insulation layer, which will protect it from vapors.

When finishing a ventilated facade, condensation from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane does not need to be used.

Styrofoam

It is distinguished by its lightness and simplicity when laying slabs on the wall. It also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation. For outside work, it is important to use a material that does not support spontaneous combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94. When purchasing insulation, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

It is important to know

The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness insulating material. The maximum value of the foam thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account the average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).

Stages of the facade insulation process

Depending on the chosen insulation method, installation will vary. There are two main technologies:

Wet Facade
Ventilated facade

The process of insulation using the “wet” method is described below.

Preparing the wall surface

It is necessary to carefully prepare the surfaces of the facade of the house in order to insulate it efficiently. Each wall is leveled, cleaned of various deposits, voids and cracks are sealed, especially paying attention to the joints of the panels. If necessary, they put a sealant in them, coat the cracks with special mastics.
Unevenness of the wall surface is allowed within 1 - 2 cm, but no more.
After cleaning and processing the joints, the walls are left to dry. Next, they are coated with a universal primer using a roller or sprayer.

Installation of insulation

Attaching thermal insulation material to walls is possible in three options:

on glue,
for fasteners (dowels, plastic nails),
combining glue with fasteners.

The video shows in detail the method of attaching foam plastic using dowels for thermal insulation.

For example, polystyrene foam is fixed using a combined method from the first floor to the upper ones. A starting strip is installed at the bottom, from which the insulation begins to be glued. In this case, the glue is carefully applied to the walls with a spatula, filling the existing unevenness. Then the foam sheets are pressed tightly onto the treated surface. The evenness of the rows of insulation is checked with a level. It is possible to correct minor errors before the adhesive base sets. Now you need to wait 2 - 3 days for the glue to dry completely and for the insulation to adhere well to the walls. Next, the foam plastic is additionally secured with dowels - 4 - 5 pieces per sheet. Holes for fasteners are made with a hammer drill.

The second and subsequent rows of foam sheets are laid in a checkerboard pattern so that the joints of adjacent layers do not coincide. All seams between the insulation and cracks from fasteners are filled with a special polyurethane foam, designed specifically for the installation of foam plastic, in order to minimize the likelihood of heat leaks. This foam is produced in cylinders and is best applied with a special gun. The excess and remaining foam is cut off after drying.

Pinning the grid

Polystyrene foam is enough fragile material, therefore, to give strength and rigidity to the insulation elements, it is reinforced. To do this, a special stable mesh is installed on the outside of the foam sheets. It is convenient to cut it into separate parts same size and secure with overlaps in small fragments. A layer of a special adhesive solution is evenly applied to the insulated surfaces for facade works, and the mesh is pressed into it. Then another adhesive layer is applied for leveling. After installing the mesh over the entire house, wait for the glue to dry before treating the surfaces sandpaper from mortar leaks and unevenness during the fastening process.
The reinforcement provides mechanical stability for the final decorative covering panel house.

Finishing

After insulation, external facades are usually decorated with decorative plaster. For the best adhesion of materials, the general layer of thermal insulation is primed again.
In addition, for residential apartment buildings often use the technology of suspended ventilated facades. The thermal insulation layer has already been completed - all that remains is to install the outer cladding with a ventilation gap.

Today it is offered wide choose materials for exterior finishing in a curtain façade system:

metal products (corrugated sheeting, siding, facade cassettes),
aluminum composite panels,
slabs made of porcelain stoneware, natural or artificial stone.

Each of them can be selected according to its external structure, color scheme and other characteristics.
Ventilated façade technology not only protects the walls of a building, but also makes it possible to implement a variety of design ideas and solutions.
To attach a ventilated facade, an additional frame will be required.

The process of insulating panel houses can be carried out during their reconstruction or major renovation. If your choice falls on the “wet” facade technology, it is advisable to plan work in the summer or at temperatures above 5°C. When using ventilated facades, installation can be done all year round.

Options for insulating walls of panel houses

Modern technologies present two options for insulating the surfaces of the walls of an apartment building: from the inside and from the outside. Both options will solve the problem of low room temperatures and rapid heat loss. More was installed in panel houses cast iron radiators with excellent heating qualities, but due to the thinness of the walls and their direct contact with frosty air, the efficiency of the radiators is significantly reduced.

Both options are suitable for this, but their implementation is radically different, so it is necessary to determine a simpler and more economical one that you can do yourself.

External insulation

Insulation of the facade of a panel house is carried out in the following stages:

Preparatory stage

Preparation of the facade surface is necessary - the end walls of the panel house are leveled, the slabs are cleaned of plaque

It is also important to seal voids and cracks; panel joints are sealed. If necessary, it is worth laying a sealant between the joints, while special mastic is used to seal cracks

Unevenness of the surface of the walls within two centimeters is allowed - such a deviation does not need to be repaired. When all the materials are dry, the wall is impregnated with a universal primer, which is applied using a sprayer or roller.

Installation of insulation

Since in the vast majority of cases foam plastic is used for thermal insulation of panel houses, it is worth considering the technology for installing this insulation. You can fix the foam using the following methods: placing the slabs on glue, fastening them with dowels, or combining these two options, which is the most reliable choice. The direction of pasting is from bottom to top. In this case, pasting begins with the installation of the starting strip.

After this, we begin to apply glue to the surface of the panel house - the technologies used directly depend on the quality of the walls. If they are smooth, then you can apply glue with a comb. If, as often happens, the walls are uneven, then the glue is simply thrown onto the surface

It is important to carefully fill the seams with glue. All this allows you to get rid of voids under the heat insulator

There is no need to apply glue to the foam.

The option when the glue is applied to the foam plastic, and not to the house, is not suitable in this case, since the voids under the insulation will become natural cold bridges, which will reduce the effectiveness of the entire event.

We apply the foam to the glue layer and press it well. After gluing all the plates, you need to leave them alone for several days. During this period, the adhesive solution will dry and shrink, after which the next stage of work can be performed. As for fastening the slabs with dowels, you can choose plastic mushrooms. This is due to the lightness and low strength of foam plastic - such fasteners will save the facade from unnecessary heat loss.

As for the dowel caps, they must be covered with an adhesive mixture. All irregularities remaining after the glue has dried can be removed with regular sandpaper.

Preparation for reinforcement

The fragility of foam plastic is serious drawback, so the insulation needs reinforcement - just glue a thin mesh. Such protection should prevent the destruction of the foam due to atmospheric phenomena and other unfavorable factors.

Preparation for reinforcement proceeds as follows: first, the corners are pasted over, after which you can proceed to pasting the walls themselves. To simplify the process, meshes with ready-made corners are used, which minimizes time consumption. If there are no such meshes, then you will have to make corners from a regular mesh. It is enough to cut a long strip 30 centimeters wide and bend it at an angle - this design is pressed against the corner of the house greased with glue. In general, cutting the mesh into fragments greatly simplifies the installation itself, which allows you to sequentially cover the areas coated with glue with fragments. In this case, the mesh should overlap at the junction.

After gluing the mesh, you need to wait for the glue to dry, after which you can use a plastic float to clean off the excess solution and remove any unevenness.

Finishing

Before finishing A leveling layer is applied to the entire treated façade. After this, it is necessary to apply a primer and a layer of plaster. The final stage is painting the wall, preferably in a color that will not stand out too much against the background of the main color of the multi-story panel building.

Insulation materials

The modern construction market offers frighteningly big choice thermal insulation materials. The “ordinary” man in the street, not familiar with the specifics of the work, is dizzy from such diversity. Unscrupulous sellers take advantage of this, instilling the idea “the more expensive, the better.” Today we will not consider all the options for insulating the external walls of a house, but we will talk about the most inexpensive, high-quality materials that have been proven over the years.

Styrofoam

Among the most popular insulation materials, foam occupies a special place. This inexpensive material, properly performing its assigned function. It is perfect for external insulation, as it provides 100% thermal insulation regardless of air humidity and temperature changes.

This material is non-toxic and fireproof, but a reservation should be made here. The foam itself does not burn, but melts and at the same time emits black acrid smoke, which is hazardous to health. But if you follow safety measures, it will last a long time and faithfully. The words about non-toxicity and harmlessness to health are confirmed by the fact that even children's products and food products are packaged in polystyrene foam.

Polyfoam is not susceptible to mold, fungi and insects. It does not deteriorate, does not swell or shrink, maintaining its original shape. The service life of the material ranges from 20 to 50 years, depending on the quality.

External insulation of the walls of the house with polystyrene foam allows not only to protect interior space from the vagaries of the weather, but also transforms the outside of the house. The material creates a very convenient surface for finishing, starting from relief plaster, ending with siding or slabs.

Working with polystyrene foam is quick and easy; all you need is basic skills and equipment.

Stages of insulating the external walls of a house with polystyrene foam:

Prepare the walls by cleaning them from dust and dirt with a construction brush. If there are cracks or chips, seal them with plaster so that the foam sticks well.
Glue the foam special composition onto a pre-primed wall. You need to glue the sheets in a checkerboard pattern, pressing them closely together. To ensure that the material holds well, additionally secure it with plastic dowels.
Install on top of slabs fiberglass mesh. To do this, apply a thick 5 mm layer of glue to the sheets and “drown” the mesh in it.
All that remains is to plaster the surface and cover it facade paint or perform any other finishing.

Penoplex

Today you can often hear advertisements for high-quality and reliable penoplex insulation, which is why many people believe that this is the name of the material. In fact, the material is called extruded polystyrene foam, and it is produced under the Penoplex brand.

Extruded polystyrene foam is used for internal and external insulation of houses of any type. Today it is one of the most popular materials, and this is explained by its excellent performance characteristics.

Advantages of penoplex:

environmental friendliness;
low thermal conductivity;
high density;
retains heat better than foam;
high strength;
high density;
low vapor permeability;
absolute fire safety (ignition temperature 500C, which is unrealistic at home);
durability;
ease of working with the material;
relatively low cost, which quickly pays for itself.

Unfortunately, ideal building materials do not yet exist, so even with such a large list of advantages, penoplex also has disadvantages. The most obvious is poor adhesion. Since the material is very dense, it does not absorb adhesives well, so it is difficult to glue it to a vertical surface. To do this, additional fixation is performed with dowels, but most builders recommend using penoplex for internal insulation.

External insulation of house walls with penoplex is best done in the region ground floor, because even additional fixation material will not insure it against damage. In other words, it very quickly begins to fall off and spoils the appearance of the building. In the area of the plinths, you can make a ventilation space or use an outer layer of waterproofing to prevent the adhesive layer from getting wet and breaking down.

Insulation of walls from the inside in a corner apartment

If you have experienced the purchase or sale of apartments, then you have noticed that buyers do not really like corner apartments or rooms. What is this connected with? Although it is much easier to ventilate such an apartment in summer, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.

But there is one significant drawback. Very often, with the arrival of frost, residents corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the temperature outside is around zero, and the heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are created inside such an apartment. Dampness appears in the corners, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed becomes damp.

The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have access to the outside and are therefore subject to the greatest influence low temperatures. In winter, even if available central heating, the situation is only getting worse.

The walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, the interior decoration will begin to fall off, and mold and mildew will appear. Staying in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also unsafe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to diseases caused by high humidity air.

What to do in such a situation? Many people try to install additional heating radiators, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness moves to the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.

What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to carry out internal insulation? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what insulation materials exist.

Types of insulation

The choice of which material is best to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
amount of precipitation, wind strength and speed,
allocated budget for insulation of a panel house,
other individual factors.

The estimate and project for the work are usually drawn up by the management company or the HOA. A team of industrial climbers directly carries out the insulation process from the outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

When finishing a ventilated facade, condensation from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane does not need to be used.

Styrofoam

It is distinguished by its lightness and simplicity when laying slabs on the wall. Also has good parameters for heat and sound insulation

For outside work, it is important to use a material that does not support spontaneous combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94

When purchasing insulation, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. The maximum value of the foam thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account the average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).

Insulation options

Insulating a panel house from the outside allows you to stop the flow of heat through the concrete. An additional layer of thermal insulation will provide protection from the destructive effects of external factors. On the market today you can find many materials that can be used for insulation inside or outside.

Insulation inside

For a panel house, insulating it from the inside will only make the situation worse. This is due to the movement of the dew point, which will move closer to inside walls. In practice, this means that moisture will accumulate in the walls with even greater force - both the wall and the insulation will get wet, so the service life of the facade will be significantly reduced. To avoid such a situation, and at the same time reducing the usable area of the apartment and destroying the design, you should give preference to insulating a panel house from the outside.

Insulation from outside

The difficulty is that insulating a panel house with big amount floors is only possible with the help of climbing equipment. It is clear that it is almost impossible to get money to pay specialists and buy building materials from utility services. Moreover, an attempt to insulate a house at the expense of the residents also does not always meet with understanding from all project participants. Therefore, you can take the path of least resistance and insulate a separate apartment.

The main advantages of external insulation:

There's no need to break interior decoration premises;
The internal one is preserved effective area apartments;
Strengthens supporting structure“sockets”, that is, the building is strengthened, which has a positive effect on its service life;
The insulation is an additional sound insulator;
The temperature inside the room increases with the same heating costs, since the walls are protected from freezing - heat loss through the panel box is reduced.

Installing insulation on brick walls

How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? Corner walls in brick house can be insulated using the same method as in a panel one. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing material made from polystyrene.

Insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside:

clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After this, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. You need to apply glue to the walls, then take a notched trowel and go around the entire perimeter again. This is done in order to create uneven surface glue. This promotes better adhesion of the insulation;
how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of thermal insulation and begin installing them on the walls. First of all, the very bottom row is laid. We apply the polystyrene sheet tightly and press it through; you do not need to use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, use a level and carefully join the edges so that no gaps form; if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is installed so that the junction of the two sheets is in the middle bottom sheet. This will give greater durability to the entire structure.

Watch the surface of the insulation so that no unevenness is formed, because this will bring additional difficulties during final finishing.

After you have installed the thermal insulation, you can begin finishing works. If you plan to cover the walls with plasterboard, then some additional work over insulation is not required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, or paint, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a mesh of reinforcing fiber. After this, you can begin to apply layers of plaster or putty.

By following these steps, you can insulate a corner room from the inside.

Methodology for insulating walls from the inside

Foam adhesive is best suited for gluing foam boards.

Insulation in the apartment concrete walls They are attached from the inside under false walls made of plasterboard. If you took the path of least resistance and chose stone wool or, in extreme cases, foam plastic as thermal insulation, then no difficulties should arise in your work. How to insulate a corner apartment in a panel house:

installation of structures made of metal profiles;
laying thermal insulation under the guides with glue - you need to create a monolithic screen, so there should be no gaps at the joints;
plating metal structure drywall.

After it has been puttied, you can glue any finish onto the drywall: tiles, wallpaper, decorative stones, papier-mâché, or simply paint it. There are situations when it blows strongly from the corners. In this case, the question arises: how to insulate corners in a panel house? Alternatively, you can simply blow them out with foam from the inside or cover the joints of the plates with sealant. This should help, but if capital measures are needed, then it is necessary to insulate the interpanel seams from the outside. There is a technique called " Warm seam" It involves cleaning the seam from all contents, filling it with special polyurethane foam, laying Vilaterm and sealing the seam with mastic.

Materials for insulating the walls of panel houses outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside
.

Among these materials are:

mineral wool;
sandwich panels;
Styrofoam.

Let's look at each of the options separately to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation has.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool
usually called insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that it creates a foam slab with stable walls. Inner space such slabs
90% filled with air. And today air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all insulation materials include air.

There are three types of mineral wool:

Basalt mineral wool with a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then, most likely, this type of insulation is meant. Mats made from this material are loved by all heating engineers for their ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation properties. However, basalt wool is used extremely rarely for insulating façade houses, since its installation requires a frame that must be thermally insulated separately to prevent cold bridges from appearing.
Glass wool. It was used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as insulation: it constantly crumbles, falls off quickly and is extremely dangerous to install. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs
It is enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect your entire body. Besides thermal insulation characteristics the material is very mediocre.
Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a fire hazardous insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation does its job poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are used primarily due to the possibility of quick installation. The panel itself is insulation sandwiched between two layers of structural material. The following acts as insulation:

Foamed polyurethane. High quality but expensive material. It is not profitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment panel building. But a sandwich panel with such insulation is perfect for a private home.
Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier; all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, making installation easier.
Styrofoam. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them lightweight and quite effective.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam
- this is the most popular material in Russia for insulating building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not susceptible to moisture when the basalt mineral wool board Over time it will turn into rags. As a rule, the service life of such insulation does not exceed 10 years. Foam manufacturers guarantee from 30 to 50 years of service.

Attached to the façade is polystyrene foam using dowels
or with special glue. And most often, both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

What you will need to work on insulating a room in an apartment building

Insulation work will require proper skill and attention, but it can be done easily if you strictly follow the technology and have it on hand necessary tool. Here is a list of what you may need:

construction stapler;
polyurethane foam;
sealant gun;
screwdriver;
hammer drill or powerful drill;
construction knife;
ladder or trestles;
hammer;
metal screws;
metal corners;
liquid level;
thread;
serpyanka;
putty knife;
liquid nails for exterior use;
plastic mushrooms for attaching foam;
vapor barrier film.

The specified list may be wider depending on the installation method, but you can easily get by with what is listed. Having everything you need, you can get to work. Remember that it is better to ventilate the room well, and carry out noisy work only at the permitted time of day in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors.

Materials

According to their own technical specifications Work on installing a heat-saving coating in a panel house from the inside is carried out from the following common materials:

mineral wool;
extruded;
polyurethane foam;
foil (reflective) thermal insulation;
insulating paint.

At light device insulating wall cladding without lining the top with durable sheets of insulation board (foam plastic, expanded polystyrene, stone basalt wool) is simply hidden with a layer of plaster:

An important criterion for selection is the non-flammability of the material and environmental Safety, since it is installed indoors.

You can compare the indicators that this or that thermal insulation has using the table:

Roll materials

It is one of the popular options for insulation because it has a number of undeniable advantages:

Easily cut into pieces of the desired size.
Repeats the shape of the surface (tightness).
It is sufficiently vapor-permeable so that additional membranes are not used in the design.
Does not burn, unlike polymers, does not produce toxic smoke when heated.
Resistant to microorganisms.

Available in the form of rolls, stitched mats and slabs. Of all types of this material, stone basalt wool is preferable.

Foiled polyethylene foam is used to reflect infrared radiation and create a barrier to water vapor. Heat rays practically do not penetrate to surfaces hidden under the finishing sheet covering, so there is little point in installing reflective insulation in the walls.

Can be used as protection of mineral wool from a wet wall, additional sound insulation, vibration damping.

Natural cork is used for high-quality internal insulation of small thickness on panel walls Oh. This is the most environmentally friendly heat insulator. TO operational characteristics include high strength, low thermal conductivity, low weight, durability, elasticity. For more information about which insulation is better, watch this video:

Foam boards

The technology for insulating the walls of a panel house from the inside with smooth, rigid slabs of foamed polymer includes careful preparation of the surface for installation. Unresolved wall deflections will create voids in which condensation will accumulate.

The slabs are laid out staggered on a layer of glue; the use of anchor umbrellas in this case is not recommended (through passages for cold). Each joint is sealed with sealant. Another method of fastening is to lay it between a T-shaped profile fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

The thickness of the material will depend on the climate zone. The following initial data can be used in the calculation:

Liquid formulations

Applying a layer of polyurethane foam requires special equipment and installation of a frame. The work is carried out by specialists with practical experience. The strength of the hardened foam is low and it is covered with a protective cladding (gypsum plasterboard, plywood). For more details, watch this video:

Liquid types of insulation include the achievement modern science- special paints. They are expensive and require careful adherence to application technology (thickness and sequence of layers, direction of brush movement). If the instructions are violated, the thermal resistance of such a coating decreases sharply.

The thermal insulation properties of concrete panel houses leave much to be desired, since they are very hot in summer and cold in winter, which leads to increased energy costs for heating. This problem can be solved by thermal insulation of the walls, however, this issue must be approached competently. Therefore, next I will tell you how to properly insulate a panel house.

DIY installation

By performing steps step by step, you can achieve an ideal result. Begin:

Glue (liquid nails) is generously applied to the surface of the wall and penoplex panels, and then pressed tightly against each other. We carry out such actions with each panel, placing the next one exactly in the groove with the previous end side. This applies to both the side sections and those on top. Penoplex is easily cut with a knife, so where a whole panel does not fit, it is carefully cut and inserted into the space

It is important to cut exactly to size in order to leave a minimum of gaps and lay them exactly at the end.
The panels can also be fastened using wall anchors and plastic mushrooms; for this, holes are made in the walls and fasteners are driven into them directly through the attached polystyrene foam. This method is very noisy, so we recommend the first option.
All joints between panels, walls, floors and ceilings are coated with sealant

This is necessary to ensure maximum thermal insulation.
The tighter the foam is pressed against the wall surface, the better its insulating properties, so don’t skimp on glue or anchors.
This installation option involves final finishing using plaster. After the sealant has dried, the entire surface of the wall is covered with putty and leveled. If you want to further strengthen the layer, you can smear a special mesh (serpyanka) into the plaster.
After final leveling, the putty must be allowed to dry and then primed, thereby preparing its surface for painting or wallpapering.

You need to stretch a vapor barrier film over the foam and guides to isolate the formation of moisture inside the wall. Its installation is carried out using plastic mushrooms through foam.
We attach the drywall to the vertical and horizontal guides using self-tapping screws.
Next, as in the previous instructions, the surface is puttyed, leveled and primed.

Installation is not at all difficult. The main thing is to stick to technology, then the work will go quickly and efficiently. After finishing, you will immediately feel that the apartment has become much warmer and drier, even if it is an end apartment. That's because isolation helped get rid of contact warm air with the surface of cold walls. Therefore, if heating occurs not due to batteries, but warm floors, they can be turned on less often, thereby saving on utility costs.

“Warm seam” technique for sealing interpanel joints.

Last time we dealt with the fact that different ways. Today we will tell you everything about insulating a panel house from the outside: what materials are used, what glue is best to attach them to, what methods are available. It has been repeatedly noticed that a lot of companies do outright hackwork, the results of which are deplorable. Either the thermal insulation does not work or disappears altogether, especially on upper floors, where the gusts of wind are quite significant. Sometimes, even if everything is done according to technology, the result is simply scary to look at - everything is crooked, ugly, not like people’s. Therefore, you have to control everything, delve into the nuances, ask questions. Yes, this irritates the workers, but that is their problem. The main thing is a high-quality result - without compromise.

Insulating walls in a panel house will make your life comfortable and enjoyable. The highly professional specialists offered today, coupled with modern technologies do an excellent job of insulating walls, which reduces heat loss, guarantees optimal temperature and humidity levels.

There are two ways to normalize the room microclimate:

internal;
external

The preference for one or another option is justified by the type of building, number of floors, and total area of the premises.

There are many reasons why the walls of panel houses freeze, including:

unsatisfactory heating in winter;
lack of normal ventilation;
unscrupulous approach to the work of builders when building a house (poor sealing of cracks between panels, window openings);
large accumulation of moisture in the wall structure;
poor or deteriorated waterproofing.

Most residents are inclined to think that the walls in a panel house should be insulated from the inside, and they are not always right.

Why you shouldn’t insulate walls from inside the house

Note that insulating walls from the inside of a panel house is associated with disadvantages and is fraught with problems, namely:

It would be more correct to consider the method of thermal insulation of a wall in a panel house from the outside. The advantages of this method are the following factors:

It is important to accompany external insulation with protection of the insulation from the influence of external factors, for which purpose ventilated facades are installed on the facade surface or the insulation is finished using a wet type.

There are two priority methods for external insulation of panel wall structures:

dry;
wet.

Thermal insulation using the dry method involves installing a special protective screen on the surface - a “ventilated façade”, which is based on metal carcass, the insulation is fixed on it, the external cladding is the next step.

Wet insulation involves frameless installation of insulation directly onto the problem area, followed by finishing with building mixtures. As a rule, they mean different kinds plasters that differ in relief, color scheme, efficiency and other qualities.

The sequence of work consists of the following operations:

repair interpanel seams(cleaning from old plaster, seals);
priming and drying;
installation of a new seal in the seams, then secondary primer and putty;
preparation of walls (thorough cleaning of old coating and dirt).

Foam plastic is used using the wet method; building mixtures that are resistant to temperature changes and precipitation are usually used as a finishing coating to protect the insulation.

Basalt wool is more applicable when used frame technology insulation of the surface outside the house, placed in the cells of the metal structure of the ventilated facade and sealed with a vapor barrier membrane. External cladding the frame can be made of plastic panels, profiled sheets, wood and other materials.

At large areas the premises can really be considered existing methods insulation of walls and finishing both outside and inside.

Video of how to insulate a panel house from the inside

The following materials are offered for insulating walls from the inside:

mineral wool;
expanded polystyrene;
polyurethane foam;
glass wool;
cork insulation;
penofol;
Styrofoam;
fiberboard;
foamed polyurethane.

Many, especially if the walls of a panel house are insulated from the inside independently, are interested in the possibility of using special fasteners. In this capacity on construction market fastenings are offered – “ fungi", which are securely attached to the surface, for example, extruded polystyrene foam.

The following video shows how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside:

It’s interesting to learn how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the video:

Note that insulation for thermal insulation of internal wall structures must have the following characteristics:

long service life;
high level of TB and increased resistance to fire;
low level of heat loss;
preservation of the original form;
environmental Safety;
resistance to rodents.

When sold, insulation must have the necessary certificates for compliance with all fire and sanitary safety standards required for compliance.

When choosing methods of finishing from the inside, there is always an urgent question of maintaining the dimensions of the room as much as possible. Therefore, it is better to refuse to use drywall for these purposes and pay attention to the most reliable and narrow material that performs its functions efficiently, maintains the dimensions of the room and does not cause harm to human health.

Insulation under wallpaper, two priority groups:

rolled;
plaster with increased thermal insulation properties.

This issue is well covered in the following video:

conclusions

Each of the ways to insulate walls in a panel house from the outside and inside is quite good if you follow the recommendations regarding the use of a particular material.

In addition, if you are not a specialist, it is better for this type of work to turn to specialized companies that have licenses, sufficient practical experience and highly professional specialists. They are the ones who can complete the entire sequence. technological operations promptly and efficiently, in addition, warranty obligations upon completion of the work will not be superfluous, and will be the key to quality and reliability.

Panel buildings have weak heat-saving properties. To insulate them, it is worth using heat-saving materials of greater thickness than for houses made of wooden beam, brick. Insulation of panel walls from the outside - best option, which will save up to 50% of heat indoors.

This option is attractive because there is no need to look for temporary housing during the renovation; after the work is completed, the cubic capacity of the apartment does not change. External insulation protects panel houses from freezing, thawing, moisture accumulation, and other atmospheric phenomena.

Preparing for insulation

Thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside is carried out by teams of craftsmen. This work can be mastered independently by those who are engaged in industrial mountaineering, that is, directly working as a high-altitude installer. The preparatory work before gluing the thermal insulation material looks like this:

Check the tightness of the joints between the slabs of the building. If there are cracks, they are thoroughly cleaned of dust, debris, and dirt for subsequent sealing.
After cleaning, the joints are dried and primed. From the inside, the cracks are sealed with porous nairite, poroizol for maximum insulation.
When the joints are processed and sealed, they are primed again, then coated with bitumen mastic.
After the mastic has dried, begin cleaning the walls. They clean off old peeling plaster and paint, after which the surfaces are primed, which will improve the adhesion of the wall and the adhesive.

Tools that craftsmen use for their work:

Equipment for industrial mountaineering;
Bucket, perforator, shovel and drill for it, hammer;
Umbrellas for attaching insulation, construction knife.

Insulation materials

External insulation panel buildings carried out using traditional materials:

Glass wool is a fibrous material with good elasticity and strength. Available in slabs, when working with it you must use individual means protection.
Foam plastic - foamed plastic with low thermal conductivity, low price, ease of cutting and installation.

Modern thermal insulation materials have the advantages of their predecessors and new advantages. To carry out the work use:

Polyurethane foam, initially liquid, after hardening, solid insulation, which is poured into the cracks, filling the smallest voids. Retains heat well, ideal for processing hard to reach places, after hardening it forms a monolithic seamless surface.
Extruded polystyrene foam, which has frost resistance, low thermal conductivity, and does not absorb water.
Basalt wool, produced from basalt rocks. It is environmentally friendly and has a service life of up to 40 years.
Mineral wool is a fibrous insulation made from silicates, slag, and rocks. Attracts with its environmental friendliness and ease of installation.

Advantages of external thermal insulation of panel houses

The wall acquires an aesthetic appearance.
Mechanical and shrinkage deformations of panels are reduced.
Temperature fluctuations in the structure are reduced.
Water absorption of surfaces is reduced, providing an optimal microclimate inside the home.
The insulation prevents the destruction of structures, creating a reliable moisture barrier.
Sealing the seams between the slabs increases the heat capacity of the structure and ensures maximum sound and vibration absorption.

Exterior insulation technology for a panel house

Insulation of the facade and end walls of panel houses is carried out:

Dry method, including installation of a heat shield on the outer surface of the building.
Wet method with application of liquid building mixtures, for example, decorative plaster.
Combined, including both of the above technologies.

The advantages of the wet method are that the material is applied in a continuous layer, preventing the formation of cold bridges on the surface of the walls. Decorative plasters give buildings an attractive appearance.

The advantages of the dry method are a wide range of thermal insulation materials and insulation options. The heat shield is strong, durable, and weather resistant.

Work process

After the inspection and processing of the joints between the panels, they proceed directly to cladding the walls and insulating the panel house from the outside. The most common material used is expanded polystyrene sheets. For gluing insulation, ready-made construction materials are used. adhesive compositions. They are applied to polystyrene foam boards, after which they are attached tightly to each other.

Laying begins from the bottom up; if necessary, a level limiter is installed at the bottom. Using rotational movements, distribute the adhesive mixture evenly under the sheet. Another way is to apply the insulation, moving it to the side a couple of centimeters, then, lightly pressing on the sheet, shift it by Right place. Until the adhesive mixture has dried, the sheets are secured with plastic umbrella dowels using a hammer and a hammer drill.

Important: The length of the dowel must be equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 6 cm. For 1 m2 you will need 4 “umbrellas. You should not use metal dowels, which can easily become cold bridges, reducing the temperature inside the home.”

Then, using a spatula, a reinforcing mesh is installed on top of the heat-insulating materials, which they begin to glue from the end and facade corners of the building. The adhesive mixture is applied to the surface, a reinforcing mesh is placed on top with an overlap of 10 cm, pressing it 2-3 mm into the glue. After this, level the plane with a 2nd layer of glue. When the glue dries, begin finishing the walls on the outside.

Thermal insulation using new materials using modern technologies

The walls of panel buildings today are insulated from the outside with polyurethane foam or penoplex.

Polyurethane foam is not afraid of temperature changes, high humidity. It is produced in panels with a standard width of 1.115 m, length is arbitrary, thickness - from 25 to 100 mm. The boards can be with a foil layer, coated with paper and cached polyethylene, or paper interspersed with foil. The panels are glued to adhesive mixtures, used for the installation of penoplex, can be reinforced on top with mushroom-shaped screws.

Penoplex is many times denser than polystyrene foam, is non-flammable, and has high density. Available in slabs 12060 cm thick, 2-10 cm thick, sometimes with foil on one side. It is laid outside the panel walls as desired, vertically, horizontally, secured with umbrella screws.

Important: If you use penoplex, you should pay attention that ceramic tile does not adhere well to its surface. For reliable adhesion, heavy-duty adhesives are used.

Before installation thermal insulation material walls should be treated with antifungal compounds.
Whatever work is carried out, it is worth using a building level.
Thermal insulation on the outside is more effective than similar works indoors.
In parallel with the thermal insulation of the walls, it is worth sealing the cracks in the window openings, under the window sill, and glazing the balcony. This will significantly improve the indoor microclimate.
Additionally, installing a “warm floor” system inside the apartment will help to insulate the walls.