Wooden I-beam in frame house construction. I-beam I-beam wooden sound insulation

Any ceiling is a potential source of heat loss and noise penetration.

In the case of wooden beams, it can be noted that wood conducts sound well. Plus, wooden beams begin to creak over time.

To avoid this, you need to take timely care of the correct sound insulation of the floors (sound insulation).

By its nature, sound is divided into three types:

impact noise. Reflects the sound of footsteps, falling objects, moving furniture. Characterized by the index of the reduced impact noise level Lnw;

airborne (acoustic) noise. Sound waves that travel through the air. The source can be the voice of residents, the sound of television and video equipment, etc. Characterized by the airborne noise insulation index Rw.

structural noise. In fact, this is a type of impact noise, in contrast to which the junctions of building structures are noise conductors.

Selection of soundproofing material for floors

To provide better protection from noise and vibration, sound insulation of interfloor wooden floors is carried out using several types of insulators. The main requirement is a high sound absorption coefficient of building materials.

It is better to give preference to fibrous materials as the main sound insulator, because their structure ensures that most sounds are damped against it (i.e., maximum sound absorption occurs).

For example, ecowool, mineral and basalt wool have such characteristics. Besides, such soundproofing material It also serves as insulation.

Additional insulation from sounds will be created by installing a subfloor made of chipboard or OSB. At the same time, the sheets are not attached to the joists, but are fixed together with screws or nails. On beams, such a floor is supported by its own weight (based on the principle of a floating floor). And due to the absence of a rigid connection to the ceiling, the likelihood of noise penetration from the outside is reduced.

To prevent sound from penetrating between the ceiling and load-bearing wall, as well as between the ceiling and the chimney, it is recommended to place it in the seam roll insulation, for example, felt or a structure similar to it. And cover the junction with a plinth. Moreover, the plinth is nailed only to the wall.

Felt attached to the beams also reduces noise levels.

Placing polystyrene and/or foil underlayment or natural cork underlayment under the flooring will also reduce impact noise and vibration levels. It is worth noting that all types of work on soundproofing floors must be carried out during the construction phase of the building. The arrangement of materials is shown in the figure.

Soundproofing of wooden floors between floors - standards and requirements

Despite the general approach to the selection of soundproofing material, soundproofing of wooden floors for various purposes is carried out in compliance with different requirements.

Sound insulation of a non-residential attic floor using wooden beams is considered effective if the airborne noise insulation index Rw is at least 45 dB. Such protection can be provided by a layer of mineral wool with a density of at least 50 kg/m3 laid in a layer of 100 mm. If the height of the beams is less than this value, then logs can be placed on them. And place the next layer of material between the lags. In order to avoid the creation of cold bridges, the logs must be positioned perpendicular to the beams. Then the joints will be covered with the next layer of cotton wool.

Sound insulation of interfloor ceilings will be sufficient if mats made of mineral or basalt wool are used, laid in a layer of at least 200 mm. At a density of 50 kg/m3. If the material density is higher, the layer is reduced proportionally.

Airborne and impact noise insulation index

Standard indicators for sound insulation of floors are prescribed in standards such as SNiP 23-01-2003 “Noise Protection” and SNiP II-12-77 Noise Protection.”

Detailed data displaying the index of the reduced level of impact and airborne noise Rw depending on the location of the ceiling is presented in the table.

In this case, sound insulation is considered sufficient if:

Rw is equal to or exceeds the standard value;
Lnw is equal to or lower than the standard value.

You should be aware that the use of soundproofing material does not protect the room from sounds penetrating through the walls. Therefore, sound insulation of the walls needs to be done additionally.

Material prepared for the website www.site

Membrane sound insulation of floors in a wooden house along the ceiling

The technique was described on one construction forum by a competent person, judging by the reviews. Those who have already done it say the effect is decent.

Sound insulation of wooden beam floors between floors with mineral wool or mineral slabs (heat and sound insulating slabs made of mineral wool, for example, TechnoNikol, Technofas, Rocklight, Isover ISOVER etc).

The brand of acoustic insulation is chosen at your discretion; all manufacturers have the same principle. The size and density vary (thickness from 40 to 100 mm, density 30-140 kg/m3). Available in the form of rolls or slabs of certain dimensions.

Attention!
Installation of cotton wool is carried out strictly with safety glasses and a respirator.

The advantage of cotton wool is excellent sound absorption, in particular, high and partially mid frequencies are well damped. The rule here is that the thicker the layer, the more it can absorb (meaning the low frequency spectrum). It should be understood that it is low frequencies that are strongly transmitted through wooden floors and it is very difficult to get rid of their penetration. Why is that? It's simple - wooden floors are light in weight, and the wood acts as a resonator. IN concrete floors It’s easier to achieve sound insulation due to the design features concrete slab and its properties.

However, if desired, it is possible to significantly reduce noise transmission through wooden floors. To do this, you need to make a sound absorber, which is a membrane-type cake.

Sound absorber membrane structure

The pie is made from sheet material, optionally OSB or plywood (no thinner than 10 mm). A sound insulator is placed inside (between the sheets). The following can be used as a sound absorber:

Mineral wool (mineral wool)
Basalt fiber
Minplita
Construction felt (technical)

If you use mineral wool material, then with a density of at least 30 kg/m3 (the higher the density and thicker, the better).

Construction felt is characterized by high sound absorption parameters, but is prone to water absorption and is fire hazardous (although high-quality antiseptic impregnation reduces the likelihood of fire, i.e. it does not burn openly, but smolders).

Construction (technical) felt is a dense material made from wool or synthetic fibers. Characteristics: density - 10-80 kg/m3, thickness 5-40 mm, width different, varies up to 2 meters, thermal conductivity from 0.03 to 0.07 W/(m K). Available in rolls or in sheet form.

The sound absorber between the ceiling and the membrane is made not only for sound insulation, but mainly to dampen the resonance that occurs between the ceiling and the membrane.

For achievement maximum effect sound insulation - the membrane (pie) should not be connected to the ceiling, i.e. must have an independent connection (attached to a separate profile at a distance of 10 cm from the ceiling, forming air cushion). It turns out to be a kind of suspended ceiling.

The soundproofing cake is attached around the perimeter to the walls, and in the middle to the beams only by means of shock-absorbing fasteners (elastic ceiling suspension), and in rare increments, no less than a meter. You can buy factory-made vibration suspensions or make a homemade vibration-damping suspension.

If the membrane is screwed directly to wooden floor beams, the entire effect will be lost.

The principle of the technology is to desynchronize the sound vibrations that occur between the ceiling and the membrane. It turns out, so to speak, a ceiling with a resonant absorber.

It is also possible to install such a design - mineral wool is attached with a mesh or slats between the floor beams, and the ceiling is hemmed with plywood or plasterboard as a membrane (i.e. instead of it). But they are not attached to beams, but also independently (i.e. behind the walls), 3-5 cm below the ceiling. With such a device, the role of an absorber will be played by mineral wool attached to the beams.

The method is controversial. A labor-intensive process, a lot of weight, and most importantly, the sound is partially damped, because the main resonance is transmitted through the lags. The principle of the device is shown in the photo.

Of course, it all depends on the method of installation, as the craftsmen advise, you need to pour sand between the joists and the subfloor, and not just between the floor beams, and install a floating floor system on top.

Scheme of soundproofing floors under plasterboard

Bottom line

Floor soundproofing technology for wooden house unlike brick and concrete buildings, it has a number of features that are directly related to the design of the floors, their properties and sound-conducting characteristics. The methods described above will help to isolate or significantly reduce the penetration of sound waves between floors in frame cottages, as well as in houses made of rounded logs or timber.

I-beam- a standard profile with a cross-section in the form of the letter “H”, which is made of metal or wood, fiberglass and reinforced concrete. This beam is several times stronger and stiffer than traditional timber with a square or rectangular cross-section. The products are used for installation of floors, bridge structures, and the automotive industry. Wooden I-beams are used for wooden house construction.

Application and production of I-beam wood

I-beams are made from durable and reliable wood. The product includes two shelves and a plywood wall, which allows it to withstand a bending load several times greater than a classic monolithic timber beam. Today it is a stronger and more durable alternative to wooden floors, rafters in the construction of a house and roof.

I-beams are ideal for large spans and do not require support elements like classic beams. They provide maximum strength and rigidity of the structure, increase heat and sound insulation. Universal products are used for the construction of brick and block, wooden and frame low-rise and low-weight houses.

The wooden shelves that are part of the product are made from high-quality, reliable and durable timber. The wood undergoes special drying and treatment with antiseptics. This protective treatment prevents Negative influence humidity and condensation, temperature changes. As a result, the material will not crack, rot or become moldy, and will retain its original properties for a long time.

Material advantages

Light weight ensures quick and easy installation. Installation does not require special equipment;
Long service life;
Environmental friendliness and naturalness of the material;
High strength and rigidity;
Allows you to cover long spans without additional supporting structures and elements;
Wide range of sizes;
Retains heat well and does not allow extraneous sounds to pass through;
Resistant to moisture subject to drying and processing technology;
Allows you to make separate holes for communication networks and wires, while maintaining strength;
Reduces costs for;
Reduces the time required for construction and finishing of a wooden house;
Reduces the weight of the structure, causes less shrinkage and shrinkage of the log house than traditional timber;
Eliminates the appearance of cracks, shifts and skips of the finished log house.

Installation of I-beams

Before installation, it is important to carefully calculate and design the house, this will help determine required parameters and volumes of materials. The beams are installed at a certain distance from each other. Installation is carried out using temporary fasteners, which are then replaced with stationary ones. It is important to carefully install the harness and permanent fasteners. Only then do they move on to subsequent work.

The beams form the floor and ceiling ceilings, on which waterproofing is laid. Then the structures are insulated and covered with a layer of vapor barrier. A layer of boards is placed on top. The result is a rough floor or ceiling, onto which finishing material is then installed.

Finishing materials in a wooden house are used natural in order to maintain the environmental friendliness and safety of the structure. In addition, such products must have high sound and heat insulation properties and be aesthetically pleasing. appearance and fit harmoniously into the interior.

This multi-layer cake is made for the walls, ceilings and floors of a wooden house. It ensures the reliability and durability of the structure. Protects from moisture and condensation, from wind and cold penetration, extraneous sounds in room. In addition, beams are used to arrange the roof truss structure. How to install roof rafters in a wooden house, see.

Assembling a log house

The installation of wooden I-beams is included in the assembly of the log house. The MariSrub company carries out the construction of houses with installation of the foundation and roof, interior and exterior finishing, installation and connection of utility networks. We install and finish floors, ceilings and walls. We carry out insulation, waterproofing, antiseptic and other necessary work.

We develop a project, select the right size lumber, high-quality fasteners and additional elements. The company's craftsmen independently produce beams and logs for building a house, creating beams and other structural elements. Own production allows you to control product quality and offer low prices.

Softwood lumber is an excellent building material. Almost anything can be made from boards/timbers structural element at home, or build a completely wooden cottage. The plasticity and versatility of wood allow engineers to come up with innovative non-standard solutions, which open up wider opportunities. One such innovation is the prefabricated I-beam.

Why are prefabricated materials needed?

Everyone knows that load-bearing capacities wooden elements buildings directly depend on the massiveness of their cross-section. The greater the planned load, the larger the timber or board should be. In some cases, manual calculations or calculators indicate the need to use very large sections. Because of this, the developer faces a number of problems:

Large lumber is expensive.
Massive board/timber - weigh a lot and overload bearing structures buildings (walls, foundation).
Large-section lumber, even dried, is prone to sagging under its own weight, cracking, and warping.
Sometimes it can be difficult to buy suitable lumber for various reasons.
In an array of such products, one very often has to deal with various natural defects, which reduce the strength characteristics of the product.
Work on laying hidden communications is becoming more complicated.
Thermal and sound insulation of subsystems is reduced due to the high wood content and low wood content insulating materials in a specific system.

Largely for economic and practical reasons, people began to experiment with creating large load-bearing elements from small lumber. For example:

Twisting a wall beam from several boards
Make a high beam rectangular section from two small bars placed on top of each other with edges
Create roof trusses from relatively thin timber
Collect all kinds of tee contractions

What is an I-beam

I-beams made of steel or wood have been used in construction for a long time. This is a generally accepted cross-section of load-bearing elements, which in shape most closely corresponds to the letter “H”. Calculations show that such a geometry provides much higher spatial rigidity than that of products with a square/rectangular cross-section or, say, a channel.

By the way, it is believed that the name of such a product comes from the Latin word “taurus” - bull, that is, a two-horned profile. In some European languages similar material called "H-shaped" (H-shaped) or "double-T" (double T). We have the abbreviation BDK-1, which also means “I-beam”.

Wooden I-beams came to us from North America, where a lot of construction is done using frame technologies. Now they are actively gaining positions in the post-Soviet space. And I must say, it was not at all unsuccessful.

Design and types of I-beams

Any I-beam consists of three elements. This is a combination that can be described by the formula:

The upper belt is made of timber.
Wall (or rack, bulkhead).
The lower belt is made of timber.

The elements of the beam work together under load, but the main task of the timber belts is to provide planes for easy installation, cladding, and integration of the beam into the structure of the house. And also the belts do not allow the beam to bend, bend along the short axis, and do not allow the beam to twist. The wall is a stiffening rib, which mainly ensures the resistance of the product to deflection along the long axis, in other words, the main load-bearing characteristics.

Belts are usually made from solid dry wood; in the vast majority of cases, a block of the first, sometimes second grade is used. There are options using timber glued using LVL technology - veneer, like plywood. But they are still rare in our country. The range of cross-sections of bars is quite diverse, ranging from products 40X40 mm, to 40X60 or 90X40 mm. Moreover, when assembling a beam, manufacturers can orient the block in space differently.

The wall is mainly made of two sheet materials: Plywood or OSB. Some companies also make interesting models of beams, where galvanized corrugated sheets are used instead of wood-containing materials.
The plywood wall is made, as a rule, from strips of birch plywood of the FSF brand, which is characterized by excellent strength, moisture resistance, and elasticity. The thickness of the plywood stiffener is usually 24-27 mm. When using oriented strand board as a stand, OSB-3 is used, which, like FSF plywood, resists moisture well and shows decent strength characteristics. The thickness of OSB bulkheads is not that large, usually ranging from 10 to 15 mm.

The height of the bulkhead together with the belts in the standard version is 200-250 mm. But enterprises also produce beams up to 400-450 mm high. The higher the product, the greater the bending load it can withstand. There is no point in making higher I-beams (due to significant losses in volume internal space), it is better to increase the number of beams (reduce the pitch - instead of 50 or 62.5 cm to 40 cm) or make smaller spans by using supporting elements. Alternatively, beams can be doubled in thickness using perforated plates or threaded ties.

The technology for assembling such beams is interesting. It is performed using the gluing method. A double tenon is pre-cut onto a strip of plywood. The stand should fit into the belts by 15-20 mm. For mutual fixation of the racks and beam chords, high-strength waterproof and heat-resistant wood glue, such as “Kleiberit,” is used. The gluing process often occurs under pressure, with careful control of the holding of specified geothermal forms. As a rule, the connection is made in accordance with the provisions of GOST 19414-90.

The length of wooden beams with an I-beam section in a standard factory version is usually from 4.5 to 6.5 meters. But, of course, you can order products 1-3 meters long, or longer beams - 8-9 meters or more. By the way, if you wish, you can always cut a long beam on site to any multiplicity; this is not difficult to do with any carpentry tool.

Like any other lumber, wooden beams are treated with antiseptics and fire protection. Products intended for completing formwork are painted with weather-resistant durable paint, providing a large number of cycles of use.

Advantages of creating and using I-beams

Increased load-bearing characteristics. It is possible to cover large spans and reduce spacing.
Precision and stability of shape. Such products twist less, they do not shrink, crack, or swell. There are no problems with squeaks, leaks, sagging, etc. deviations from the declared dimensions are minimal (about 0.5-1 mm in width, thickness and straightness of faces/edges).
Possibility to obtain non-standard floor sizes for any conditions. Large selection of standard sizes.
Low weight, which on average is approximately half that of a massive solid product with similar load-bearing capabilities.
Prefabricated timber and plywood/OSB beams do not have critical defects that would reduce strength.
Improved fire resistance and biostability of the resulting structures.
Reduced material consumption of glued beams.
High degree of readiness, high speed installation, can be installed all year round. Uses ordinary carpenter's tools and does not require cranes. It is not difficult to perform rough filing, since the installation of cranial bars is not required.
It is convenient to lay communications inside structures, including through beams. More space for insulation/sound insulation, you can use a large layer of insulation. The insulation holds up well even without rough filing due to its T-shape.
It is possible to independently manufacture a prefabricated H-shaped beam.
You can hem ceilings and lay floors directly on top of such beams.
It can be supported on a wall or a monolithic belt, it can be fastened using “beam holders” brackets (for this, additional OSB or plywood plates are first sewn between the belts near the ends).
Versatility in use.

Where are I-beams made of lumber used?

In fact, the scope of use of such products is very wide; it is by no means limited to ordinary interfloor ceilings in wooden cottages. Although this can be considered a classic of the genre for both wooden and stone houses, the most different designs. So, where can they be used:

Creation of interfloor ceilings.
As a floor joist.
Like the rafters pitched roof, as a skate.
Walls of various frame buildings.
Production of long lintels over gates, panoramic windows,
For performing monolithic work (crossbars for placing horizontal formwork).
Creation of vertical formwork, including for the implementation of monolithic columns.

Construction frame houses is becoming increasingly popular and today represents the most developed branch of cottage housing construction. A characteristic feature of the application frame technology is the use of wooden I-beams in construction. This type of building material consists of two beams (shelves) into which milled plywood of a given thickness is glued. According to the calculation methods of the theory of strength of materials, the shape of a load-bearing beam in the form of an I-beam is optimal: the distribution of the bending load in this case better corresponds to the distribution of the material. Thus, the I-beam configuration best meets the construction requirements for load-bearing structures.

Advantages of using wooden I-beams

Excellent strength characteristics and a lower degree of bending under load make this material ideal for load-bearing beams during construction.
Reducing the weight of the building, and therefore the foundation, can be done with significant savings in materials and labor costs.
Reducing construction time.
Compliance with environmental standards.
There is no need to involve special construction equipment and a significant number of people.
Pad engineering communications will not be a problem, without harm to the load-bearing capacity of the walls.
The low thermal conductivity of the material will provide additional savings in coolants.
Moisture resistance thanks to special impregnations.
Wide range of standard sizes.
Maintaining original dimensions even during long-term use.
Antiseptic impregnation, fire retardant composition And additional protection from mold formation and damage by insects.
Significant warranty period.

The disadvantage of wooden I-beams is their significant cost, especially considering that construction involves the use of a fairly significant number of such beams. This can be corrected if you make the beams yourself; in this case, the cost of materials will be incomparably lower than the purchase of finished products.

Features of the use of I-beams made of wood in construction

The use of a special wooden I-beam as the main load-bearing structure can significantly reduce the weight of the building. This will reduce installation labor costs, as well as the overall cost of foundation materials. For this type of house, a foundation on screw piles will be sufficient.
Such floors are highly durable and comply with building regulations. Use even on fairly large areas will avoid typical problems (bending, cracks and shrinkage) for this type of construction.
Interfloor flooring on wooden beams also guarantees high strength and reliability of the floor. The warranty lasts for the entire life of the house, subject to qualified installation.

Self-production of a wooden I-beam

Making a wooden I-beam with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem. With minimal carpentry skills and necessary equipment, you can really save on purchasing the necessary building materials.

According to experts, in this way it is possible to reduce construction costs by up to 20%. The scope is not limited roofing work, in this way it is possible to carry out all the floor slabs in the house, including the interfloor flooring on wooden beams.

Video with the process of making a wooden I-beam with your own hands:

Technology for self-production of a wooden I-beam

The main material of the beam is bars of the required cross-section (minimum 25×35 mm), the cross-section is calculated based on the load on the wooden beam.
Lintel material - OSB, OSB or regular plywood, depending on the purpose.
Milling machine, a circular saw or a regular electric saw are used to cut a groove in the beams. For large production volumes, it is still advisable to have on hand milling machine, this will make it easier to produce the required volume.
The edge of the plywood or board is processed, giving it a trapezoid shape.
Using a mallet, the slab is carefully aligned with the groove of the block. First, glue of the required composition (for plywood boards) is applied over the entire length of the groove. The parts are combined and installed in clamps or a vice until the glue dries completely.
Afterwards the procedure is repeated for the second side.
The finished product is checked for size compliance and cut if necessary.

As seen, technological process Making a wooden I-beam is not so complicated, and the result will help you save quite a lot when building a house.

Scope of use of wooden I-beam

As mentioned above, the very concept of frame technology for the construction of low-rise buildings wooden houses involves significant use of a wooden I-beam to perform various types floors.

For floors:deflection wooden beam over the entire plane is insignificant, which will ensure noiselessness flooring. The physical parameters of I-beams give the floor joists additional rigidity.
For walls:successfully used for wall ceilings, the strength characteristics ensure long-term comfortable operation, and the range of sizes ensures universal application for various types of panels.
For the ceiling:used as a rafter system when installing a roof. The low degree of deformation of this type of building material ensures the reliability and durability of the structure.
For formwork during concreting:additional use as monolithic formwork provides high quality concrete structures and ease of use. The service life of such auxiliary devices is also significantly longer than that of the conventional version.

Video on how to install wooden I-beams:

Conclusion

Wooden I-beam - universal construction material wide scope of application. High strength characteristics provide excellent quality and long term construction services. Additional special impregnations make the wood resistant to the destructive effects of microorganisms and insects, ensure compliance with fire safety standards, while preserving the natural properties of wood.

Frame construction method residential buildings- a promising industry that allows you to get a building at a relatively low cost that is no worse than traditional brick ones. Abroad, almost all low-rise residential buildings are built using this technology (about 80% of the total number of new buildings); in our country, this method is still an innovation. In such construction, the quality of the main load-bearing floor is of great importance, for the manufacture of which a wooden I-beam is used. The cost of the total costs of building a frame house can be reduced by up to 20% with self-production beams of the required section.

Optimal parameters of floor rigidity in modern construction achieved through the installation of I-beams beam structures, having a cross section in the shape of the letter H. The metal I-beam has long been known to domestic builders, but the wooden I-beam still raises certain concerns. What are the advantages of using this building material, are there any nuances to its installation, and is it possible to make such an important structural element with your own hands?

Universal building material – glued-wood I-beam

Key features of wooden I-beams

The main weight load during the operation of a structure of any type falls on the interfloor, basement and attic floors. Their load-bearing elements must be guaranteed to withstand constant and variable loads, including their own weight, as well as the weight of people and furniture.

At first glance, the teams wooden structures in terms of strength they cannot compete with reinforced concrete or metal, but practice and calculations prove otherwise.

Production of I-beams from wood

The I-section of a wood beam is the result of a combination of three elements - two shelves, usually made from wood, and a post made of oriented strand board. Often the material for shelves is pine boards or LVL timber (lumber glued together from several layers of coniferous veneer, which differs from plywood and solid wood in its high resistance to horizontal loads).

To improve the working qualities of wood and prevent rotting, the manufacturer dries it in several stages, and to protect against insects and increase fire safety, treats the product with an antiseptic and fire retardant.

The parts of the I-beam are connected to each other with a double tenon on special presses using waterproof glue. This production technology makes it possible to:

obtain higher bending strength of the product (compared to massive rectangular beams);
avoid the disadvantages inherent in wood - shrinkage, shrinkage, creaks, shifts and cracks.

Production of I-beams from wood

Once the beam is ready, it can be reinforced with additional overlays - stiffeners. Thus, the load-bearing capacity of a laminated wooden I-beam with equal cross-sectional areas exceeds that of other systems used in low-rise and cottage construction.

Scope and range of I-beams

Today, I-beams made of wood are mainly used in the frame production of houses. IN stone buildings such building material is also being used more and more actively, since it can be used to quickly carry out following works:

arrangement of all types of floors, as well as roof trusses;
installation of silent floors, interior partitions;
creation of high-quality monolithic formwork for a concrete foundation;
all kinds of reconstructions - replacing floor beams, raising the floor level;
construction additional premises– attics, gazebos, terraces, etc.

Types of wooden I-beams

To meet growing demand, manufacturers have developed a fairly wide range, making it easy to choose right size and characteristics of beams or racks:

BDK – glued I-beam, intended for use in short spans;
BDKU - reinforced beam, characterized by an increased flange width and is used on long spans;
BDKSh - wide beam, intended for use in extremely loaded structures, rafter systems or on extra-long spans;
SDKU – reinforced stand, used as a base wall frame;
SDKSH – wide stand, used in installation wall panels.

About use as structural material LVL timber, the buyer is informed by the letter L in the marking. It also indicates the geometric dimensions of the section, which are important for determining the load-bearing capacity of a wooden I-beam.

Painted beams for floors and ceilings

How to determine the required dimensions of a laminated beam

Selection of the section “by eye” is unacceptable, since the supporting structures may not withstand the load and deform or collapse. It is better to entrust the calculation of the parameters of a wooden I-beam for covering capital structures to an engineer who can take into account operating conditions and work features.

Independent calculations are complicated by the fact that the documents regulating them have many amendments and updated requirements, which are not easy to understand.

Data provided in open sources may be outdated, and current information is often not freely accessible.

Interfloor ceiling made of beams

Only structural parts of utility rooms are allowed to be calculated “on the knee” small area. When making simplified calculations, it is important to take into account the standard load, the pitch of the beams and the size of the overlapped span. Approximate floor load values look like this:

to cover an unused attic, the constant load is assumed to be within 50 kg/m2, and the operational load is 90 kg/m2, therefore, the total design load is 130 kg/m2 (rounded up to 150 kg/m2);
in case of intensive use attic space the operating load should be increased to 195 kg/m2, which means that its total indicator will be equal to 245 kg/m2 (to increase the safety factor it increases to 250);
when using the attic space as an attic, the weight of floors, partitions, furniture is additionally taken into account and, as a result, the total design load must be at least 300 kg/m2;
interfloor wooden floor also includes floors in its design, and its operational load consists of the weight of people and household items, so its value cannot be less than 400 kg/m2.

Knowing the required length of the beam and the load acting on it, using the tables you can determine the required section size.

Table for selecting the cross-section of an I-beam for the interfloor ceiling of a residential building with a pitch of 500 mm

Table for selecting the cross-section of an I-beam for the attic floor of a residential building with a pitch of 500 mm

Pros and cons of using OSB H-beams

What benefits can be obtained by replacing construction project ordinary beams on wooden I-beams? Due to the low weight of the structures (a 6-meter beam weighs about 6 kg), significant ease of transportation and installation comes to the fore. As a result, work time is reduced and costs are reduced. Installation of such building materials does not require the use of heavy special equipment, and installation is carried out with standard carpentry tools.

The advantages of using H-shaped beams also include:

high strength characteristics, allowing to cover long spans (up to 8–12 m) without the use of intermediate supports;
variety of standard sizes, stability of shapes and geometric parameters;
absence of inherent disadvantages natural wood;
saving living space by laying hidden communications in the niches of I-beams;
minimizing the risk of cold bridges - wood has low thermal conductivity and heat capacity.

comparison table various systems floors

Floor planks, of course, outperform I-beams in price, but the need to create frequent sheathing, support elements, as well as periodic repairs complicate their operation and, as a result, can reduce the resulting savings to zero.

In addition to the high cost of wooden I-beams, from real experience Another drawback also emerges - the risk of purchasing counterfeit, unreliable products produced in artisanal conditions.

Making beams at home

To eliminate the possibility of purchasing low-quality building materials, it is recommended to buy beams from manufacturers or intermediaries with a good reputation, or try to make them yourself. Unlike metal products, do-it-yourself wooden I-beams can be made with the proper quality if you first familiarize yourself with the technology and a number of nuances of industrial production.

Scheme and dimensions of beams

Selection and preparation of material

For the manufacture of supporting beam elements, it is better to choose laminated veneer lumber - its correct geometry contributes to obtaining a high-quality workpiece.

It is optimal if it is made of larch, since it does not lose moisture during operation, but rather gains strength, but you can use timber from any coniferous. Its cross-section is determined by calculation, but in any case should not be less than 30x25 mm.

The material for racks that is quite acceptable in terms of cost and characteristics is multi-layer plywood (for lightly loaded beams) or OSB sheet (for the construction of massive structures). The thickness of plywood or oriented strand board is 24–27 mm, and if necessary, the board can be reinforced with additional stiffeners.

Finished I-beam made of wood

To join the workpieces, you need to select wood glue for water based(for residential use it must be non-toxic, as evidenced by the ECO label). The greatest static and dynamic strength of the connection is provided by the polyurethane and casein composition. Before processing, materials must be rejected, sanded and dried.

Often production takes place right at the construction site.

Manufacturing of parts and their assembly

To make an I-beam from wood, you will need the following tools:

roulette;
milling machine (option – circular, electric or chainsaw);
milling discs required thickness, preferably with a trapezoidal profile;
Hydraulic Press(or channel with clamps).

The most important technological stage is marking - the durability and strength of the product depends on its accuracy.

Even the slightest distortion cannot be allowed, therefore the selection of the fastening ditch must be carried out strictly along the center line drawn during marking. The depth and width of the groove depends on the size of the timber and OSB and is approximately 10% of the width of the rack.

Beam assembly diagram

Uniform thin layer lubricate contact surfaces.
Attach the lower and upper beams to the wall blank.
Align and press the parts together.

To avoid skewing of the beam during drying, gluing is best done using a pneumatic or hydro-wedge, which can also be replaced homemade device- analogous to a clamp. To do this, you need to select a channel according to the size of the strip, bend the sheet of metal into the desired shape. After this, carefully apply it on both sides. metal parts onto the assembled I-beam and secure with clamps. The holding time of the beam depends on the type of glue.

Video: How to make an I-beam from wood

What you need to know about installing beams

The wooden I-beam is ready for installation after being coated with a fire-retardant and antiseptic composition and completely dry. Builders who equip simple floors do not need to have special skills, which cannot be said about building a house from wooden I-beams.

To guarantee safety and reliability frame structure year-round residence It’s better to order from a specialized developer company.

The nuances of laying floor beams

To insert a beam into a brick or stone wall, even at the stage of its laying, special niches - nests - should be provided.
If the walls are made of timber or logs, these holes are cut out in them.
Regardless wall material the bottom of the nests must be covered with a double layer of roofing felt, and the edges of the beams (this only applies when they are mounted in brick or stone) treated with any water-repellent compound, for example, bitumen.
The length of the supporting end of the beam must be at least 150 mm.
It is better to start installation from the edge of one of the walls, then proceed to the installation of intermediate beams.
The installation step is verified with a template, and in order to check the horizontal installation, it is necessary to use a spirit level.
To achieve a horizontal surface, it may be necessary to place wooden blocks under the supporting ends.
It is recommended to secure every third beam with anchors or wooden spacers.
The remaining empty cavities in the nests can be filled vapor-permeable insulation, for example, mineral wool, or fill it with construction cement mortar.
After the beams are securely fastened, they need to be sheathed with clapboard, board or plasterboard.

Floor beams in brick wall

List of main steps in building a frame house

The technology used to build frame houses made of plywood and OSB, called Canadian. Previously, beams and boards were used as load-bearing elements, but nowadays they are increasingly being replaced by I-beams. A Canadian cottage does not need a massive base, so it is usually replaced with a lightweight one. strip foundation.

Rafter system from I-beams

The general sequence of assembling the frame looks like this:

Installation of wooden frame on the foundation.
Installation of a basement floor made of I-beams.
Fastening of row panels and door block directly to beam floor.
Tying the panels together with strips of FSF plywood 27 mm thick.
Installation of interfloor slabs on top of plywood trim.
Construction of the second floor from wall panels and their piping.
Installation of attic floors, gables, ridge and rafters.
Warming and holding finishing works– framing of the frame, installation of the roof and facade.

The resulting housing is lightweight and durable, and its construction is cheaper than brick building the same area. However, there are also critical disadvantages: very high requirements must be placed on the quality of materials, which so far only meets the expensive products of global manufacturers - Nascor or Steiko. Cheap analogues are unreliable and often pose a danger to human health.

Scheme of the structure of a frame house

Sheathed frame inside

A house made of wooden I-beams is very vulnerable to vandal resistance - wooden walls are easily destroyed by a chainsaw, and it is important for the building owners to provide a system for protecting the local area.

However, manufacturers, in an effort to expand the market, are constantly developing technologies, so, most likely, frame houses will get rid of these shortcomings in the near future.