Bathing procedures are not only one of the good ways to maintain hygiene, but also an opportunity to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins from the body. However, for the visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is necessary to exclude the possibility of the formation of fungi and mold due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bathhouse, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will ensure an influx into the room fresh air and remove waste gases and fumes generated by the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.
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Is ventilation really necessary in a bathhouse or can it be done without it?
The functions of bath ventilation are complicated by the fact that it must facilitate the fairly rapid removal of moist air from the premises and efficiently regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for bathhouses equipped with gas and solid fuel - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an impressive volume of air is required. Lack of ventilation will lead to excessive concentrations of carbon dioxide, which has a negative impact on people's health and can lead to loss of consciousness.
Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully insulate the premises, sealing the slightest cracks to increase the speed of warming up the steam room and retain heat for a longer time. However, this is the wrong approach, since ventilation holes must be present. Properly designed it allows:
- create a healthy microclimate in the bathhouse;
- reduce humidity concentration and quickly dry rooms;
- get rid of carbon dioxide;
- quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
- eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odors;
- get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
- keep in original form interior decoration premises.
From the above, it becomes clear how important the installation of an exhaust system in a bathhouse is. Before making ventilation in a bathhouse, you must first learn about its types and basic installation schemes.
Effective ventilation in the bathhouse - diagram and device
Before you further understand the exhaust system and begin its arrangement, you should know that ventilation can be natural or forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their designs depending on their location. Well, now let's talk about everything in order.
Natural ventilation
This option is optimal for most baths, since it is the cheapest and quite effective. The placement of ventilation holes must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the heater and shelves, as well as the material from which the bathhouse is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in bathhouses, there is one general rule - the supply opening should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust opening at the same distance, but from the ceiling.
The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. If the air exchange is too rapid, which will cause the temperature in the steam room to drop, the ventilation openings must be covered with special control flaps. For improvement appearance It is advisable to install decorative grilles on the vents, which you can easily buy in specialized stores or make yourself.
However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlets and outlets) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air flows are heated from the furnace and rise upward, while the cooled ones fall down and fall into the exhaust vents. To preserve heat in the room, the holes can be closed with special dampers.
Forced ventilation
Air movement mechanically carried out by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly refresh the air, which is very important, especially in the washing room. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where a forced exhaust system in the bathhouse has a number of advantages over the natural one:
- it is possible to filter incoming air masses;
- maintaining a given microclimate;
- uniform distribution of heated air.
To allow large volumes of fresh air to enter the steam room, it is necessary that the ventilation openings be located diametrically to each other. When installing, you should not place the inlet and exhaust vents at the same level to avoid short circuiting of air flows, which will cause a concentration of cooled air below, and on the contrary, it will be very hot at the top.
Important! Since high humidity and high temperature are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, the fan housing must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full accordance with the PUE.
The advantage of forced ventilation is accelerated air exchange and advanced adjustment parameters. Such an exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.
Installation of floor ventilation in bathhouses
Floors in bath rooms operated in extreme conditions. The impact of moisture on the floor occurs both from below from the ground and from above. The most difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with wood covering floor, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensate penetrates and creates a favorable environment for the development of fungus and mold.
An effective floor ventilation scheme helps prevent the destructive effects of mold and remove excess steam. Floor ventilation can be done naturally or forced. However, to be effective, the following conditions must be adhered to when installing a ventilation system:
- prevent the floor from cooling during procedures;
- ensure fast and effective drying, but it is important not to overdo it to prevent cracking of the wood;
- The arrangement of the ventilation system must be carried out at the construction stage.
When locating ventilation vents, you need to take into account climate, wind conditions, landscape, sources of pollution, as well as internal factors - the type and placement of the heater, structures doorways, the presence of windows. Most often, ventilation vents are located at 3 different levels:
- under floor covering or in ;
- under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
- in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from the floor level (best done behind the heater).
Installing ventilation under the floors in baths has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensation and improving the quality of drying the floor covering, the air flow from below does not create drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used during bathing procedures. For greater efficiency, it is important to properly create a drainage system to remove wastewater outside the building.
Creating air exchange in the foundation of the bathhouse
Creating an exhaust system in a bathhouse is extremely necessary, since it not only prevents the formation of mold, but also protects the building from rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of bathhouse ventilation largely depends on the prevailing winds, topography and the presence of bodies of water, which often cause flooding of buildings.
You can ensure normal air circulation by installing several holes, the number and dimensions of which are calculated in accordance with the size of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. If the building is located in a low area, tightly surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be installed on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.
Ventilation system in bathhouses in steam rooms
Traditionally, a heater stove is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures good circulation. To obtain maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the process of ventilating the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or entrance door. The disadvantage of this ventilation scheme in steam rooms is that when there is no combustion process, air circulation stops.
In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bath procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
When the stove is firing and the room is heating, the ventilation in the steam room should be closed. After the steam room has completely warmed up, the exhaust dampers can be opened. To prevent the formation of reverse draft, it is necessary at this stage to ensure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.
If the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Near at a height of 300 mm. An inlet opening is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is installed on the wall opposite it at a distance of 300 mm. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet opening is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street is heated by the heater and the room cools down moderately. On the wall opposite the heating device, make 2 holes that will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, fuel is saved.
Air exchange device in the washing room
In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in washing baths. In the washing room, a large amount of moisture accumulates under the floor, so to remove it it will be enough to lay asbestos pipe, one end of which is located under the floor covering, and the second ends on the roof and is equipped with a deflector.
Creating effective controlled ventilation in bathhouse sinks will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air flow, carbon monoxide removal and fuel economy.
Ventilation diagram in dressing rooms
The proximity of the dressing room to the steam room leads to condensation settling on the wooden surfaces of the cladding. To preserve the cladding and prevent rotting processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts excluded. Most simple circuit ventilation for the dressing room consists of removing moist air through a washing or washing room. It is best to organize a forced-type ventilation system for this room.
How to properly ventilate a bathhouse
Having more or less understood the ventilation system in the bathhouse, you also need to take into account other important points. The exhaust device must not:
- cause a violation of the temperature regime in the premises;
- allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
- remove fresh air from the room.
The principles by which proper ventilation of rooms is created in a bathhouse depend on the architectural features of the building’s design. If the floors have special slots for water drainage, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.
Often small windows are made, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the heater’s firebox is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for installing a ventilation system.
Features of air exchange in frame baths
If in or air circulation is carried out through the rows lower crowns, then in frame-type buildings sheathed big amount thermal insulation material, there is no natural ventilation and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.
Most effective system For a bathhouse there is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to bring fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is located at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. Ventilation openings in frame baths must be equipped with special adjustment dampers.
When creating a ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account the area and shape of the steam room, as well as the location of the heater.
Ventilation of a chopped bath
In a Russian bathhouse, where steam was traditionally prepared manually, forced air circulation schemes are not suitable. To ensure ventilation in wooden baths natural type contributed to health improvement, when creating it you should adhere to the following schemes:
- provide the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, doors and ventilation openings);
- the upper boundaries of doors and windows should be at the same level;
- for doubles small size simple ventilation is enough;
- a heater with a chimney is natural exhaust exhaust air and gases;
- For normal air exchange, you can install a ventilation opening with a damper next to the heater and an exhaust hole under the ceiling.
Providing good ventilation in a log bathhouse is a very important point, since it is necessary to prevent the accumulation of excess moisture, which negatively affects the wooden structure and can cause the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.
Ventilation system in a brick building
About the arrangement of ventilation in brick baths should be considered at the construction stage. Since natural air circulation is not provided for in a brick building, the number and location of openings should be taken into account in advance.
The natural air exchange system is identical to that installed in a Russian bathhouse - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bathhouse is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.
The fan must be installed at the entrance of the exhaust duct leading to. To speed up air circulation, several exhaust pipes are installed, but it may be necessary to install supply valves so that the air masses are not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of supply and exhaust air. Too much powerful fan can lead to the same problem, and the device’s power does not correspond to the area of the room will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be quite weak.
Ventilation Bastu
Recently, to create ventilation systems, new and more effective solutions. Such novelties include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bathhouse. This system is very popular among Russians due to its ease of installation and high efficiency.
The principle of ventilation according to Bast is as follows. The red-hot heater plays the role heat pump and draws air from the supply channel. Cold streams, passing through, heat up very quickly and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-field air through the exhaust duct. In the Bastu ventilation system, the supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.
To install such ventilation, you need two stainless pipes - the bottom one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both exits must be equipped with grilles with dampers. However, like everyone else ventilation systems Natural type, Bastu can only work when the stove is running or when there is strong wind outside.
The main advantage of Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which you can do yourself, thereby saving your money.
Proper ventilation device in the bathhouse
Normal ventilation can only exist if the room has created conditions for the influx of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air. Despite the common concept of ventilation, this is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The operating principles of ventilation for any room are almost the same - fresh air enters through the supply opening and is exhausted through the exhaust.
When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Regulatory acts establish the frequency of air exchange per hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account the climatic zones and weather conditions characteristic of the area. If natural ventilation is not able to provide the required air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.
Where to place the window in the bathhouse?
Windows in a bathhouse are not only a source of light, but also a way to ventilate it. There is a misconception that a window in a steam room adversely affects the preservation of steam in the room and temperature. However, experienced bath attendants advise making even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turns out to be too hot or someone feels unwell, then just open the window slightly and everything will be fine. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to dry the sunbeds quite quickly. It is made small in size and opaque.
Important! According to safety regulations, bath windows must open into the room.
It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window should be such that an average-sized adult can crawl through it. Some bathhouse owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If there is a washing room in the room, then yes. However, in a steam room, where the temperature reaches one hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to release toxic substances and warp. For windows into the steam room, it is best to use non-resinous wood. You can easily install a window in a bathhouse with your own hands, since the technology is no different from installing it in a residential building.
On a note! For greater heat retention, bath windows are best made with double glass and good sealing.
Fan in the air exchange system of the bath
To create a high-quality forced ventilation system, you will need the following parts:
- air duct;
- and grate;
- flap;
- fan;
- net;
A grille made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and a metal mesh will prevent insects and pets from entering the room. A corrugated hose or galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing in a steam room plastic pipes, since they are not designed for use in high temperature conditions.
It is advisable to install the fan on only one, for example, on the supply one. Fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.
A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will show the process more clearly (a bladeless version is presented):
Vent valves
The ventilation valve for the bathhouse is installed in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two varieties of this device– KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (forced ventilation valve). Outwardly, they practically do not differ from each other, and their operating principle is the same. External part The damper is equipped with inclined louvers to prevent water from entering from the outside, and the inner one is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and heat insulation.
When installing valves, you should follow several recommendations:
- for bath ventilation it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
- installation must be performed on load-bearing walls baths;
- It is not advisable to install valves on walls facing a garbage can.
Related article:
You can ensure a healthy atmosphere different ways. If you install supply valve into the wall - the problem will be solved quickly. In a special publication we will look at how to choose and install it correctly.
Vents in baths
Vents, or vents as they are also called, can be round, rectangular or square. They are located at the base of the building and on the roof. In bathhouses, vents are placed at a distance of 2 meters from each other, and if there are vents in the base, then holes are made in them as well. These basic ventilation ducts also need to be equipped with rodent protection grilles.
The video shows how to make an outlet in a bathhouse
How to make a hood in a bathhouse
Installing a hood in a bathhouse with your own hands is not a difficult task, but nevertheless, it must be approached with calculation and slowly. First of all, you need to decide on the design, select the appropriate materials and calculate the diameter. The volume of supply air must be equal to or less than that removed. To comply with this condition, it is necessary to know the volume of the room and the air exchange rate. The air speed in the main line should be no more than 5 m/s, in the steam room - 2 m/s, in the branches - 3 m/s and natural ventilation - 1 m/s. In the table you can find the pipe diameter most suitable for obtaining the required volume of air at the specified flow rate.
Now knowing the diameter, all that remains is to take the appropriate pipe or corrugation and secure one end indoors and take the other outside. For fixation, self-tapping screws, metallized tape and polyurethane foam are used. A damper is placed at the entrance, and a grille at the exit. Ventilation ducts should be cleaned at least once a year.
For a clear understanding of how to properly make a hood in a bathhouse, we suggest watching the video
Do-it-yourself ventilation in a bathhouse: a step-by-step guide
Making bath ventilation with your own hands is not difficult. Let's consider the creation of a forced air exchange system using the example frame bath. For this you will need:
- valve;
- fan;
- pipe of the appropriate diameter;
- gratings;
- drill with a long drill bit;
- screwdriver and .
A step-by-step guide on how to make ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands
| Photos of stages | Process description |
 | At the location of the ventilation duct, attach the pipe to the wall and outline it with a marker or pencil. |
 | Drill at least two holes along the resulting circle with a diameter exceeding the width of the jigsaw file. |
 | Using a jigsaw, we cut out the sheathing, making a hole for the ventilation pipe. |
 | We remove the wooden part of the sheathing. |
 | Construction knife We remove part of the heat and vapor barrier. |
 | Carefully remove it. |
 | Use a long drill to make through holes so as not to make a mistake about the location of the opening with outside walls. |
Setting up a sauna is a very interesting, but troublesome process. You need to take into account a hundred little things to make it not only cozy, but also safe for health. The latter also depends on air exchange - improperly equipped ventilation in a sauna can create a draft or, conversely, lead to excessive heating of the room!
The steam room is a key place for ventilation
The most important room of any sauna or bathhouse is, of course, the steam room. And in a steam room, the high temperature largely depends on ventilation, and not only this, but also the quality of rest. What is the use of hot air if it is stagnant and saturated with the smell of dampness and sweat products?
In addition, we must not forget that any steam room is a place with high humidity, and therefore an increased danger for all elements (especially wooden ones) to become a breeding ground for mold and mildew. And what kind of sauna can do without electrics these days? Even with a minimum of electrical equipment, you need to install a banal light, make a switch - and there is a risk of getting an electric shock in high humidity!
To avoid having to constantly think about high humidity, it is better to think once about high-quality ventilation. Thinking, of course, will not be enough - you also need to implement the plan correctly! Since our school days, we all know that hot air has one distinct feature - it always tends to rise upward, pushing cold air downward. Thanks to this, the natural circulation of air in the atmosphere on a global scale and in each room in particular is ensured. Applicable to the steam room, thanks to this law of physics, we get the hottest places on the upper shelves and relatively cool ones on the lower ones.
According to generally accepted standards, the air in the steam room must be renewed at least three times per hour, the optimal recommendations are all seven times! Such air exchange can be ensured using conventional supply and exhaust ventilation - hot air, rising to the ceiling, exits through vent for outflow, as a result of which a slight vacuum is created in the air duct for inflow, and fresh air enters the room. This system is applicable to toilets, but, unlike them, it has its own characteristics.
But the task is complicated by the fact that the hottest steam, which is located on the upper level of the steam room, should not immediately escape into the hood, otherwise you will be left in a cold sauna, which urgently needs to be heated. If this happens, it means that the hood is not installed correctly! Sometimes this is due to the impossibility of correct arrangement of elements due to the architectural features of the building, in which case it is necessary to consider ventilation options combined with mechanical means.
Supply and exhaust ventilation in the sauna - arrangement diagram
First, let's look at the classics - natural supply and exhaust ventilation. The law of this type of exhaust is the correct location of the supply and outlet openings. The correct one is when the supply hole is located near the stove-heater or under it (if we're talking about about electric version), while the outlet is located on the opposite side. Also, cold fresh air will penetrate into the steam room through a specially left 5-7 cm gap under the door.
The supply openings should be located strictly at the bottom so that the cold air can have time to heat up before it enters the area where people are staying.
For proper air circulation, one exhaust hole will not be enough. On the opposite side of the inflow, the first hood is located at a height of about a meter, the second - under the ceiling. Both openings must be combined by an exhaust duct, which is discharged either into the main ventilation system or into the chimney. If the air duct runs separately, then you need to remember that the higher the pipe rises above the roof level, the more draft there will be in the system - it is important not to overdo it!
So that you can regulate the intensity of air exchange, it is imperative to install shutters on the air vents. How does such a system work? Let's imagine a standard steam room with a heater on the far wall and a door on the nearest one. As expected, a gap is left under the door, and the hoods are located on opposite walls: near the stove and at the door.
Before heating the steam room, it must be properly ventilated so that there is fresh air in the room. The doors and outlets are then closed, leaving only the inlet valve open. The steam room will heat up quickly enough, since the hot air will soon have no place to go out, which means there will be no vacuum in the air inlet.
When the sauna has warmed up, we still leave the upper channel closed, while we open the lower channel slightly - thanks to this, air circulation in the steam room will begin, while the upper layers of the heated air will not leave the room. Cold air will again begin to enter through the supply channel, but thanks to the proximity of the heater to the resting people, it will enter already warmed up, gradually rising upward and replacing the stagnant air.
Thanks to this air exchange, the room will have fresh and warm air. Vacationers may not even notice such a change, enjoying the process. This system ensures economical handling of already heated air, which means you will also save on coolant consumption. In addition, problems with mold and mildew will not affect you - thanks to such circulation, all elements will be properly dried.
Combined system - when there are no other options
The structural features do not always allow us to provide ventilation strictly according to the scheme described above. For example, a steam room has three adjacent walls with other rooms, and the entrance and exit openings have to be placed on one wall. In this case, the correct location must be observed: the supply opening should be located at a distance of 20 cm from the floor, while the outlet should be located at the same distance, only from the ceiling.
Cold air currents entering the room will pass through the stove, heat up and rise upward, refreshing and warming the room. The disadvantage of this method is that the air circulation is too intense, which must be strictly regulated using valves on the holes.
There is also an option in which the inlet opening is located not below, under the stove, but above the heater. If the outlet channel is located at a higher level on the opposite wall, we will get relatively normal movement of air masses. True, it may not be enough, so in such cases a fan is placed in the outlet to circulate air. This will be combined ventilation.
Classic mistakes - what not to do
The most common mistake when arranging supply and exhaust ventilation is the location of the ventilation holes at the same level. As a result, we get a draft below, and the hot air at the upper levels will practically not take part in the air exchange.
If you make only one hole for air outlet under the ceiling, even with correct placement entry-exit mixing of hot and cold air flows will be too fast - the steam room can cool down in a few minutes! Typically, the top hole is used only in cases where you want to quickly reduce the temperature or completely ventilate the room.
Baths have always been famous for their healing properties. But to obtain a healing effect, it is necessary not only to listen to the advice of doctors, but also to organize in your own bathhouse the right system ventilation.
Those who have been to classical village baths made of wood, they are unlikely to remember the presence of paired exhaust openings in such pairs. In fact, they are not there. After all a small amount of fresh air entering the bathhouse from cracks in the floor, window or doorway, can meet the needs of 2-3 people.
But a bathhouse designed for a large capacity, and especially a brick one, must be equipped with a ventilation system to fulfill the following important points:
- the supply of fresh air, which prevents the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the steam room and preserves the health of people in the bathhouse;
- air circulation, which allows you to dry the room after bath procedures. This prevents the occurrence of unpleasant odors, the growth of mold fungi and helps to increase the service life of the building without the need to replace wood elements;
- uniform distribution of heated air in the steam room of the bathhouse.
Moreover, if the hood is designed correctly, it should not lead to the following unpleasant consequences:
- to a drop in temperature in the steam room during bath procedures;
- violation of the correct stratification of air by temperature - the coolest layer should be at the bottom;
- removal from the steam room clean air, and not saturated with carbon dioxide.
In a steam room with good ventilation it is easy to breathe and relaxing is pleasant
How does bath ventilation work?
It is correct to provide a bathhouse ventilation system at the construction stage, because it is at this moment that you can make the hood correctly and independently with the least labor and material costs. In addition, the process of making holes in the finished structure can lead to a decrease in the strength of the walls.
Air exchange in the bath is ensured by two holes.
- The supply hole is located at the bottom and provides fresh air into the bathhouse.
- The exhaust vent is located at the top on the wall opposite the supply vent. Thanks to the hood, exhaust air is removed from the steam room. However, if the hole is located very close to the ceiling, then hot air is quickly removed from the room, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the steam room.
This design allows you to adjust the direction of the air flow. At the moment when the bathhouse is heated, all three holes are closed. When people steam, the inlet and bottom exhaust vents are open. After bath procedures, all ventilation is open, which allows the bath to dry well.
Ventilation in the bathhouse can be mechanical. In it, the air in the steam room circulates thanks to the injection equipment. In a more complex and expensive version, the air supply process is monitored by special devices that, if necessary, start the ventilation system. The use of a mechanical hood allows you to place holes on any of the walls, as well as correct errors in organizing natural ventilation.
In any case, to ensure air exchange in the bathhouse, there are several exhaust systems that differ from each other in the location of the holes.
Video - Ventilation in a bathhouse with a stove - air conditioning
Methods for installing ventilation in a bathhouse
We will describe some of the most popular and simple ways arrangement of ventilation in the steam room. They can be either using fans or carried out completely naturally.
Method 1
This is the one described above natural ventilation scheme with one supply and two outlets. The entrance hole in such a system is made in the wall immediately behind the stove at a distance of 0.3 m from the floor surface.
To connect the outlet holes to each other, a box is used, which is made from wooden planks, they lay in it corrugated pipe about one meter long. The holes themselves are equipped with plugs that allow you to regulate air flows, as described above. In addition to plugs, you will also need grilles to prevent insects and rodents from entering the bathhouse through the ventilation.
This system is suitable for small baths.
Method 2
This is another simple and most common scheme for ventilating the bath space. In it, the inlet opening is located behind the stove just above the floor (about 0.3 m). The hood is located at the same height, but on the opposite wall and is equipped with a fan that forcibly extracts exhaust air.
Method 3
Method 3 is somewhat similar to the previous one. Only the air inlet is arranged at a height of half a meter from the heater, and the outlet is slightly above the floor (about 0.2 m). The hood is equipped with a fan.
Method 4
Method 4 is used for baths in which the steam room has only one wall facing the street. In this system, the air inlet and outlet openings are located on one wall opposite the stove. The air enters the lower hole, located at a height of 30 cm from the floor, and exits into the upper one, which is located 30 cm below the ceiling and is equipped with a fan.
Clean air enters the room, encounters the furnace, heats up, rises and is directed out through the outlet.
Method 5
Method 5 is suitable for baths in which there are small gaps of half a centimeter between the floor boards. The inlet opening is located behind the stove. Cooled and exhaust air descends to the floor and exits through cracks in the underground, where there is an exhaust hole in the basement wall connected to a ventilation pipe that exhausts air flows above the roof.
Method 6
If the stove in your steam room is heated for the entire period of operation of the bath, then the ash can itself perform the function of ventilation, or rather, an exhaust hood. In this case, you only need a hole for air flow, which is located near the floor opposite the stove. The blower should be slightly lower than the finished floor.
Step-by-step instructions for installing ventilation
When arranging a bathhouse with ventilation, it is important to observe the following conditions:
- if the bathhouse is adjacent to a residential building, then the air flow should go in the direction from the housing to the steam room;
- the exhaust hole is connected to a box or pipe, which must be installed above the roof of the bathhouse;
- the hood should not be placed above the shelves to prevent drafts from affecting steamed people.
In general, the ventilation installation process can be described as follows.
Step 1
In selected locations, inlet and outlet openings are provided at the construction stage or prepared after construction, the cross-section of which should be 10-20 cm.
Step 2
Equipped with boxes made of metal, plastic or wood with prepared openings.
Step 3
If necessary, install an exhaust fan.
Note! For baths, it is necessary to use ventilation equipment made of heat-resistant material and with a protection class of at least IP-44.
Step 4
Mounted on the grille holes and plugs.
Step 5
The outlet is connected to a pipe that is led above the roof.
Note! In addition to ventilation of the room, it is necessary to ensure air circulation under the floor. To do this, at the construction stage, holes are made in the base on opposite sides, which are covered with bars to protect against rodents.
In these simple ways you can arrange bath ventilation, ensuring long term steam room service and a comfortable stay in it.
Video - Ventilation diagram in the bathhouse
State standards for room ventilation are regulated by SNiP 41–01–2003; the document establishes the minimum rate of air exchange in rooms depending on their purpose and features of use. In residential premises, ventilation must perform two tasks - to provide favorable indicators of the percentage of oxygen in the air and to remove exhaust gases.
SNiP 41-01-2003. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. File for download
For a bathhouse, ventilation tasks become more complicated; it must additionally remove wet air(quick drying of wooden structures is ensured) and regulate the temperature in the steam room. There are times when it is necessary to quickly reduce the temperature in the steam room before small children, the elderly or large people undergo procedures. The stove continues to give off heat for a long time, it takes a very long time to wait until the bathhouse cools down on its own. By ventilating a room, you can quickly set the desired temperature and maintain it within the specified limits the entire time people are in it.
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ventilation valves
What types of ventilation are there and how to calculate them
Ventilation can only exist in cases where there is an influx of fresh air into the room and an outflow of used air. You can often come across the concepts of “supply” or “exhaust” ventilation. These are not entirely correct concepts; there cannot be only supply or only exhaust ventilation, it is always only flow-exhaust. Why are these concepts used? Thus, it is emphasized that the influx or exhaust of exhaust air is carried out in a forced way, and, accordingly, the removal or supply of fresh air occurs naturally.
Supply and exhaust ventilation
When calculating the parameters of ventilation systems, the initial data takes into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence of special air conditions in them, the presence or likelihood of the presence of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Based on these data, state regulations establish the frequency of air changes per hour; it can vary from 1÷2 to ten or more.
Next, engineers determine the parameters and location of the channels to ensure the necessary intake and removal of air, taking into account weather conditions and climate zone. If natural ventilation cannot provide the required frequency of air changes, then forced systems are used that supply/extract air with electric fans. Baths have their own characteristics for each type of ventilation; let’s look at them in more detail.
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air handling unit
General rules for ventilation in a bathhouse
The principles of ventilation in a bathhouse largely depend on the architectural features of its design. If the floors have slots for draining water, then through these same slots water can also be supplied. supply air, there is no need to make a special hole.
Quite often, small windows are installed in the bathhouse; when opened, they “turn” into exhaust vents. In addition, if the furnace firebox is located directly in the steam room, the room can be ventilated even easier - open the firebox and, by changing the position of the damper, adjust the frequency of air changes.
Photo - stove firebox and open door for room ventilation
This is the most simple options steam room (by the way, both the most effective and low-cost), but there are cases when the furnace firebox is located in another room, there is no window, and the floors are solid without cracks. It is this kind of bathhouse that we will focus on in our article. Why do you need ventilation in the bathhouse?
- For better air mixing throughout the entire volume. Natural convection of air masses is not able to equalize the air temperature in height; the difference in values under the ceiling and near the floor can reach tens of degrees. This negatively affects the comfort of taking water procedures.
- To bring in fresh air. If one person is steaming in the steam room, and the stay time does not exceed 20–30 minutes, then the oxygen concentration in the air will not have time to drop to critical values. And if several people steam at the same time in a steam room for a long time, then the flow of fresh air becomes mandatory.
Quite often, developers go to two extremes: in order to save heat, they abandon ventilation altogether or make it too strong and unregulated. Both extremes have Negative consequences, there is no need to neglect ventilation, it is cheap, and the positive effect is very impressive. But it should be done correctly, taking into account as much as possible the characteristics of the premises, temperature requirements in the steam room, materials for making walls and cladding.
In the case of a complete lack of ventilation, the risks of oxygen starvation and, if the furnace firebox is located directly in the steam room, increase the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. In the case of strong unregulated ventilation, the heating time increases significantly, warm air quickly removed from the premises. But this is not all the problems - the rapid removal of warm air automatically causes an equally rapid influx of fresh air - the floors will always be very cold, and this increases the risk of contracting colds.
Uncontrolled ventilation can lead to cold floors
The flow of fresh air into the steam room is arranged in two places: behind the stove or under the sun loungers.
There are many diagrams of air movement on the Internet, most of them were made by amateurs, you should not pay attention to them. Fulfill only two conditions: air flow at the bottom, exhaust at the top, placement of ducts diagonally in the room.
This is quite enough to ensure normal air circulation and mixing. Everything else is just speculation; it can only confuse inexperienced developers, significantly complicate the ventilation system, making it expensive and unreliable. There are options with two different-level exhaust valves, with two supply valves, etc. The holes for air removal are located at different heights.
One right under the ceiling, used only for complete ventilation of the bath after finishing the water procedures. The third is made 30÷40 centimeters below the first and is used during washing. Some craftsmen connect them together internal air ducts, install several control valves, etc. We assure you that these complications do not have any visible effect on the comfort of staying in the steam room.
A few words should be said about the ventilation ducts in the bathhouse; they are often suggested to be used in steam rooms. In large buildings, ventilation ducts serve to connect several different rooms to a common ventilation system, no matter whether it is natural or forced. This is completely justified from both technological and economic points of view.
What other rooms can be connected with ventilation ducts to the steam room? Weird question. Then, why make complex channels under the wall sheathing? Isn't it easier to make ordinary holes in the walls and insert ordinary pieces of pipes and grilles with elementary valves into them? Of course, we will tell you about a real, effective, simple and cheap way to install ventilation; we will not lay any ducts anywhere. This is a universal option, perfect for both “budget” and expensive exclusive doubles.
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Video - Ventilation in the bathhouse
Natural ventilation of the bath
The most accepted option for most baths, minimal in cost and safety and quite effective. The specific locations of ventilation openings should be taken into account the size of the rooms, the location of shelves, the stove and the material of the building. The general rule is that the openings should be located at different heights, as a rule, the inlet (supply) is 20 cm from the floor and the outlet (exhaust) is 20÷30 cm from the ceiling. When choosing holes, you need to consider where the holes will be located on the external walls. It is advisable that they do not stand out too much on the façade walls.
The dimensions of the holes are approximately 300÷400 cm2, it is better to make them larger rather than smaller. In case of too rapid exchange of air, leading to a decrease in temperature in the steam room, the channels should be covered with control dampers. To improve the appearance, it is better to use decorative grilles; they can be purchased in specialized stores or made independently.
We wrote more about this type of ventilation in the article “. We'll tell you how to organize natural ventilation, how to calculate and make ventilation holes.
The ventilation system is somewhat complicated and installation of electrical equipment is required. Another problem is related to the microclimate in the steam room. There, high temperature and air humidity are the main enemies of any electrical equipment. Fans must have reliable protection housing from moisture, during connection you should strictly follow the recommendations of the PUE. And in order to comply, you need to know them.
Forced ventilation - elements
The advantages of forced ventilation are that the rate of air change in the room is significantly accelerated and the control parameters are expanded. Natural ventilation very dependent on weather conditions, in some cases it may become ineffective. Especially if the wind is directed at right angles to the exhaust vent. Forced ventilation works with the same effectiveness in any weather and regardless of the direction and strength of the wind.
How to calculate forced ventilation in a bathhouse and what type of ventilation it is? How to choose fans? We answered all these questions in the article “. There are also detailed step-by-step instructions for installing ventilation and advice from professionals.
How to make ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands
Initial data. The architectural features of the bathhouse do not provide for the flow of air through floor cracks, doors, windows or the furnace firebox. It is necessary to make holes for both air inlet and outlet. Internal and outer skin There are no walls, the bathhouse is built from sawn timber.
Step 1. Decide on the location of the input and output channels.
We have already mentioned that it is better to place the inlet channel near the stove at a distance of about 20 centimeters from the floor level. The outlet channel is diagonally under the ceiling. This position of the inlet and outlet openings will ensure the distribution of air flows throughout the entire volume of the room. In addition, the inlet air will not cool flooring. Channels should be easily accessible. There are recommendations to make an outlet hole in the ceiling. We are against such a solution; humid air will certainly cause great damage to the entire rafter system.
Step 2. Purchase or make your own grilles and valves.
They can be various sizes and geometric shapes: round, square or rectangular. At the same time, take into account the materials of future cladding of external and interior walls, think about how the decorative grilles will be attached to them.
Important. Be sure to install grilles with adjustable clearances; only they can ensure smooth adjustment of the frequency of air changes in the room.
And one more point - with outside bath openings must also be closed. Moreover, the closure should be as airtight as possible, preventing moisture from rain or snow from getting on the crowns of the log house.
Step 3. Make holes in the walls.
The most labor-intensive operation will have to be done manually. You need to pre-drill holes around the perimeter in the marked places. The closer they are to each other, the easier it is to hollow out the wood later. When the holes are drilled, take a chisel, chisel and hammer in your hands and begin to destroy the beams remaining between the holes. The holes for ventilation should be made 1-2 cm larger around the perimeter than the pipe being inserted. The fact is that this pipe then needs to be insulated to prevent the appearance of condensation on wooden structures.
Use only a sharp chisel and a chisel - you will have to cut the timber across the grain, this is quite difficult. If the thickness of the beam is 20 centimeters, then it is better to make half the depth of the hole from the inside of the bathhouse, and the other half from the outside. if you have great experience using a gasoline saw, you can cut out the hole. But we immediately warn you that working with a gasoline saw in such conditions is very dangerous. You will have to cut with the end of the bar; when you grab the tree with the lower part of the chain, the saw will be pulled out of your hands. This method of using a saw is strictly prohibited by safety regulations, remember this.
If there is a need to separate the inlet hole in the wall and in the bathhouse, then buy a pipe with an elbow. It is advisable not to use round pipes, and rectangular, they occupy less space under the lining of the internal walls of the steam room.
Be sure to seal the joints between the elbow and the pipe with silicone and wrap it with tape for reliability.
Metallized adhesive tape
Step 4. Place foil or plastic film And mineral wool, the layer of cotton wool should be dense, without gaps. It will not be possible to make the edges of the hole absolutely even; be careful that the waterproofing is not damaged by the sharp protrusions of the timber.
Step 5. Insert the pipes into the holes in the log house. They should fit in with little effort, quite tightly. In order to increase the reliability of sealing and fastening, be sure to use foam around the perimeter of the hole and pipe. Polyurethane foam eliminates all invisible gaps in thermal insulation between the pipe and the wall and firmly fixes it in the desired position.
We recommend foaming the holes and after covering the walls, the foam will eliminate the gaps between the wall and the vapor barrier. As the foam expands, the vapor barrier will press tightly around the uneven hole, all possible small damage will be automatically closed.
The exhaust pipe may not be insulated; warm air escapes through it. But we advise you to do all the operations for her, just in case. Firstly, you will lose a little time and money. Secondly, you will provide additional and reliable protection against penetration wooden structures atmospheric moisture.
Once both holes are prepared, you can begin covering the walls and installing decorative grilles with adjustable throughput parameters.
Important. When installing steam room ventilation, we strongly advise you to ventilate the space between the wall cladding and the aluminum foil. The work is carried out according to the algorithm described above with one difference. Ventilation should be either constantly closed (during water procedures) or constantly open (during ventilating the bath). Using foil as a vapor barrier for walls has many positive aspects. But there is one problem - the difficulty of removing condensation between the sheathing and insulation. An ordinary hole solves all problems and completely eliminates damage to wood.
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Video - DIY ventilation
How to make a hole in a log house using a crown
If you do not want to make holes for ventilation manually, you can drill them with a special metal crown. They are sold in stores and are inexpensive. The only problem is that the crown requires a powerful low-speed drill or a hand-held drilling machine; ordinary drills can quickly fail due to the heavy load. Another limitation is that the maximum diameter of crowns is rarely more than 120 mm. But for most baths, small volumes of this size are sufficient.
Step 1. Select a bit of the appropriate diameter and secure it in the chuck. Mark the drilling location.
Step 2. To ease the cutting force, be sure to lubricate the bit with machine oil. Lubrication must be repeated periodically. Once the bit is about two-thirds deep, stop drilling, remove the bit and re-lubricate its internal and external surfaces.
Step 3. Mark the center of the hole with any thin drill bit. Insert the crown into the shallow hole and begin drilling the beam.
Step 4. Drill as far as the crown height allows. Carefully monitor the operation of the electric tool and do not allow heavy loads. Loads are regulated by the force of pressing the crown against the beam.
Step 5. The crown no longer works - take it out and gradually remove the cut wood with a chisel or chisel. It can be removed quickly, start gradually chipping away the holes in the corners. Do not cut the log across the grain with a chisel; chop it only along the grain, this makes it much easier to do the job.
Repeat the operations until the hole becomes through. If the timber is so thick that the drill cannot get through one side of it, move to the other. To do this, you need to find the center of the hole already made as accurately as possible. The crown has its own centering drill, but its length may not always be enough to reach reverse side. You'll have to find the center yourself. To do this, install a thin wood drill in the drill, insert it into the existing hole from the centering drill of the crown and very carefully make a through hole. The more accurately you drill the center, the easier and faster it will be to work on the other side of the wall.
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Video - How to drill a hole with a crown
Heated sauna ventilation
Enough original way ventilation devices, not only fresh air is supplied to the bathhouse, it is immediately heated. This is very important in winter; it not only improves the comfort of your stay, but also speeds up the heating of the premises and saves firewood.
Air intake is carried out at the bottom of the bath and using electric fans supplied to the air intake duct.
The stove has a metal chimney, a special screen is installed around the chimney, and air from the air duct enters the screen channels. The screen performs two functions: it protects the limbs from burns and serves as a radiator to heat the air coming from the air duct. The heated air exits the screen into the steam room.
If desired, you can improve the design a little. Place a tee with a damper on the air duct. This will allow you to take in both air from the bathhouse and from the street - the possibilities for regulating the microclimate parameters in the room are significantly expanded.
Video - Ventilation in a steam room with heated air
Proper organization of air exchange in a bathhouse is a serious task that requires a professional approach. It is not enough to build a bathhouse, finish the interior, install heating equipment and furniture. It is important to ensure effective ventilation of the bathhouse premises, to create a favorable microclimate that allows you to enjoy water procedures and contribute to the long service life of the finish, as well as the entire structure.
Ventilation in the bathhouse is the key to comfort
Relaxing in the bathhouse will be a pleasure if the room is easy and comfortable to breathe.
The air temperature in the steam room is very high, so if there is no ventilation in it, you can suffocate or get heatstroke
In case of violation proper air exchange or in the complete absence of ventilation, it will be difficult to breathe in the steam room and impossible to stay for a long time.
A ventilation system allows for the creation of a comfortable microclimate, ensuring the supply of oxygen-rich air and the removal of “waste” air masses.
Traditional layout bath complex provides a dressing room, a washing area, as well as a rest room, and everywhere it is important to ensure effective air circulation.
A favorable microclimate in the relaxation room will allow you to relax after visiting the steam room
An increased concentration of moisture does not bring pleasure both during water procedures and during relaxation. The human body is sensitive to lack of oxygen and high humidity.
The conclusion is clear: you need to have good ventilation in the bathhouse so that it is pleasant and comfortable not only to steam, but also to relax.
Poor air circulation or lack of ventilation causes:
Types and principles of ventilation arrangement
For any type of bath (Russian, Finnish sauna, Turkish hammam), ventilation is provided, which can be done in different ways.
Natural air exchange
The principle of the formation of convection air flows is based on the difference in temperature and air pressure from the street side and inside the bathhouse.
Temperature differences promote air flow
Maximum air exchange efficiency is achieved thanks to correct location supply and exhaust ventilation lines.
For ventilation of Russian bathhouses and saunas, a traditional arrangement of air channels is used. Supply air duct is placed at a distance of 0.2–0.3 meters from the floor, and the exhaust line is located at the same distance from the ceiling. Adjustment dampers in the room should be provided to optimize air flow and ensure comfortable temperature conditions.
The damper allows you to regulate the flow of air into the room
Natural ventilation should provide air exchange, maintaining the room temperature and not creating discomfort during rest. The advantages of natural air exchange are simplicity and low costs associated with the absence of the need to purchase expensive equipment.
Combined option
The method of organizing the movement of air masses in a room using a fan that provides circulation is called combined. At the same time, there is no pattern in the location of the ventilation ducts.
The ventilation scheme is determined individually and provides for the installation of an vent and a duct equipped with a fan, which is mounted on the supply line or exhaust duct and creates the necessary pressure difference.
Providing air exchange in bathhouses using a combined method is convenient and economically justified.
Forced circulation
A forced air exchange system is also called mechanical. The system is equipped with automatic elements that control temperature conditions, regulate humidity and the intensity of circulation of air masses.
Forced air exchange provides maximum level comfort.
Increased costs associated with the purchase and installation of equipment, as well as difficulties in maintenance, limit the use of mechanical air exchange systems in small bathhouses.
For rooms with increased area use forced circulation, if natural or combined air exchange is not effective.
If the bathhouse premises have big sizes, they need to have forced ventilation
The following types of mechanical ventilation are used:
- An exhaust system equipped with a filter element and a fan. This type of ventilation provides effective removal unpleasant odors and polluted air masses from rooms with swimming pools, washing departments and recreation areas. The use of an exhaust system requires ensuring the flow of fresh air necessary to compensate for the vacuum created by the fan.
- Supply air, providing oxygen-rich air. Vapor-saturated air masses, due to increased pressure, leave the room through ventilation ducts, as well as through existing gaps in doors and windows. Combining the supply line with the heating device allows you to supply fresh heated air. The design of the supply air exchange is more complex.
- Supply and exhaust, combining the principle of operation of supply and exhaust ventilation. Using this principle of ventilation in a sauna room requires preliminary calculations. The intensity of circulation is determined based on the fact that the volume of incoming air must correspond to the volume of displaced air. In order to prevent the penetration of air from the bathroom into the recreation area, the ratio is deliberately violated. This allows the formation of reduced pressure in toilet room and send additional flows into it.
Principles of air exchange organization
When planning a ventilation device, follow these recommendations:
It is important to correctly calculate the area of the ventilation lines. The cross-section of the vent and the air duct is determined by the size of the steam room, for each cubic meter of volume of which it is necessary to provide 24 cm 2 of ventilation duct area.
For a comfortable stay in a heated steam room, ensure the possibility of more than five times air exchange (the air in the steam room should be renewed 5 times per hour). The layout of the supply duct and exhaust air duct, as well as their number, should facilitate easy circulation of masses in the steam room.
Effective air exchange will increase the service life of wooden floors. To ensure it you need:
The correct ventilation device will allow you to fully enjoy the steam room and get great pleasure from your bathing holiday.
Video: ventilation in the bathhouse
How to make ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands
The organization of air circulation in each room has individual characteristics.
Waiting room ventilation
The vestibule or dressing room is used as a locker room. The department is located away from areas with high humidity and temperature.
The ventilated locker room will always be dry and comfortable
Usage front door promotes the flow of fresh air and reliable ventilation of the locker room.
Location at the top of the wall ventilation grille with a valve will ensure natural air exchange and control the volume of incoming air masses.
When constructing a building, it is necessary to provide a ventilation hole. If there is no air channel, then you need to make it yourself:
Air exchange in the washing room
The washing compartment in which the shower is installed is ventilated due to the natural circulation of air flows moving from rooms with high humidity to ventilation vents or small windows.
The easiest way to ventilate the washing room is with a window.
To increase the efficiency of ventilation and reduce humidity, it is advisable to equip the shower with an exhaust fan.
Install the fan according to the following algorithm:
To ventilate the washing room, use fans with an operating voltage of 220 volts and a low power of 20–100 W.
When purchasing a fan, pay attention to the ability of the device to operate at elevated temperatures and humidity, as well as the degree of protection, which should not be lower than IP44.
Organizing air circulation in the steam room
To ventilate the steam room, create 2–3 channels intended for air exchange. One line will ensure the supply of fresh air, and the rest will allow exhaust air masses to freely leave the room.
The increased size of the exhaust duct allows you to ventilate the steam room faster
Place the channels according to one of the proposed ventilation schemes.
The intensity of air exchange depends on the location and size ratio of the supply and exhaust ducts
Making holes during construction will help maintain integrity finishing materials and make the work easier.
The area of the incoming line must correspond to the size of the output channel. However, a more efficient convection flow can be achieved by slightly increasing the diameter of the exhaust line.
A prerequisite is the installation of adjustable valves that allow you to change the intensity of air exchange.
IN wooden bath it is better to make the valve from the same wood that was used for interior decoration
Carrying out measures to arrange canals is not difficult:
Video: ventilation in the steam room
Creating a microclimate in the rest room
Comfortable temperature conditions and optimal air circulation in the rest room are achieved thanks to natural air exchange.
An air channel at the top of the wall ensures sufficient fresh air flow
It is important to provide an air channel equipped with an adjustable valve or ventilation valve. This will allow, if necessary, to increase the intensity of air mass movement.
To organize fresh air access, you can use a window instead of a ventilation duct
Drilling a hole and installing a valve is not difficult.
Video: making a ventilation valve
Options and layouts of ventilation channels
Can be used in the bath different variants location of ventilation communications, providing for natural air circulation and the use of a fan.
Various ventilation device options differ in the location of the channels, but provide high efficiency air exchange
One of the proposed natural air exchange schemes, which provides the following options for placing ventilation lines, will ensure a comfortable bathing procedure:
Air exchange schemes that include the installation of a fan allow you to achieve favorable temperature conditions and comfortable humidity:
Remember that the performance of a fan installation is determined by multiplying the volume of the steam room by the air exchange coefficient.
For example, to determine the required air exchange in a steam room with an area of 10 m2 and a height of 2 meters, it is necessary to multiply the volume by the air exchange coefficient equal to 5 (we have already said above that the air in the steam room must be completely renewed 5 times per hour). The resulting fan performance value is 10 x 2x 5 = 100 m 3 /h.
Heated air ventilation
Providing air exchange with simultaneous heating of incoming air is carried out in the bathhouse in various ways. They involve the use of a fan or natural air exchange. For example, by placing certain air channels in close proximity to hot oven, you can simultaneously provide an influx of oxygen-saturated air and increase its temperature thanks to the heated surface of the heating unit.
In order to create a favorable temperature regime, comfortable humidity and smooth heating of incoming air masses, it is necessary to use plugs or gate valves located on the air lines. Carrying out ventilation while simultaneously heating the air is a rather difficult task.
Each heating unit has its own individual “character”. Only as a result of experiments can you select the optimal air exchange mode and ensure comfortable temperature in the bathhouse.
To increase the temperature of the incoming air masses, you can use an electric heater that heats the air entering the room. This is another option for air ventilation with simultaneous heating.
The air entering through the ventilation ducts can be preheated by a heater
The power of the electric heater is selected experimentally.
Electrical equipment used in bathhouses must withstand elevated temperature and humidity, be reliably grounded and have a protection class of at least IP44.
Combining air ventilation with heating allows you to create comfortable conditions for vacationers, as well as reduce the costs associated with heating the room using heating equipment.
Familiarity with the principles of organizing proper air circulation in the steam room, as well as other rooms of the sauna and bathhouse, will allow you to independently organize the process of effective air exchange. It is important to correctly calculate the dimensions of air lines and optimally place the inlet openings of the channels in the rooms. Remember that the degree of air circulation is additionally affected by the design of the heating device and chimney. By following the recommendations, you can avoid mistakes and enjoy health treatments in a bathhouse with a comfortable microclimate.
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