Light jib cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 1 ton are indispensable when carrying out various electrical, installation and construction work. Thanks to their design, it is possible to install devices in various openings of a building or on ceilings, as well as to move them for convenient use. They are easy to assemble and install, and if necessary, they can be quickly disassembled into their component elements and moved to a suitable location.
The use of such structures is rational in the absence of the possibility of operating other types of hydraulic and hydraulic machines. There are many types of cranes with different design. They are divided into stationary and mobile. The boom devices are equipped with one electric drive mechanism for moving the load. The crane operates by manual control.
Construction mini crane
You can independently create a variety of tools and devices that are so necessary for construction and other types of work. Despite the fact that the mini crane, made with your own hands, is characterized by a limited transportable load weight (no more than 250 kg), such a design will simplify the implementation of most construction work.
The main task is to select all the tools and parts necessary for creation and subsequent operation. The weight of the prefabricated device can reach up to 300 kg, depending on the materials used. At the same time, it has compact dimensions and the ability to move without preliminary disassembly using a car.
do it yourself: assembly
Using a worm-based gearbox, a cargo winch is formed. It can also provide the creation of a manual drive that simplifies the assembly of the boom winch. The basis for the screw extensions are construction supports. All the elements presented above form the basis of the design. In addition, drums for winches are needed. It is worth noting that they self-production not everyone can do it, since the process is complex and labor-intensive, as well as the need for specialized equipment and experience in carrying out similar work.
The way out of the situation is rotors from an electric motor, which can be used as a basis and significantly simplify the task. Special attention should be given to the correspondence of the sizes of the elements used and the future device. To do this, additional measurements are taken using a ruler.
Additional items
To simplify movement, the platform is equipped with wheels. Elements from the conveyor cart may be useful. When creating the structure, you should not forget about this addition, since it is thanks to it that the simplest crane, assembled with your own hands, moves. To do this, you only need to remove the external support elements, which does not cause any particular difficulties and is done in a short time. It is important to follow safety precautions, in particular the boom must be set to zero level to prevent loss of balance and the crane falling.
Peculiarities
The optimal boom height is 5 meters. For its manufacture, a pipe with a diameter of about 8 cm is used. A profile of two corners is mounted into the base. You also need to create swivel mechanism for turning and lifting the boom; a car hub from any truck is suitable for this vehicle. The counterweight does not require special materials, since they can be taken standard bricks. You can create a crane with your own hands using both caterpillar tracks and a frame. The last element can be taken from an unused machine.
It is worth noting that there is no need for a brake for the turning mechanism and winch, since it is not needed during the operation of the crane, and the work finished device will be done at low speed.
Advantages of the design
Suitable for forming an external support structure and common ground. For the latter, according to experts, it will be optimal to use a 200 channel. The length of the thrust screws should be within 50 cm, due to which the crane can be mounted with your own hands on any surface, including big amount unevenness. Thus, there is no need to prepare the site on which the building is being built.
Difficulties sometimes arise with the wheels, since on loose soil they can spin poorly and dig into it. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out work on hard ground. After completion of construction, the structure is disassembled into its component elements for storage.
What can be done for the garage
At self-repair cars often need to remove the engine, so many car owners are wondering how to make a crane with their own hands. The most simple option is a lift, the creation of which will require hand winch, racks on triangular supports with wheels and a transverse pipe.
At the top of the racks, fasteners for the pipe are fixed by welding. It is welded to the vertical post and the rollers are mounted on the beam; subsequently they are used to move the cable. In this case, it is not necessary to purchase a winch, as you can do this design on one's own.
Such a device will not clutter up the space, it can be disassembled, and the cross beam and supports separately will not take up much space. The crane, created with your own hands for a garage, is capable of lifting and moving a load weighing no more than 800 kg. Its main advantage is that there is no need to purchase expensive materials.
Lift
As noted earlier, you can make a winch yourself. To do this, you will need a drum equipped with a cable; it must be fixed to a structure made of pipes with a square cross-section. A small sprocket with a chain drive is installed on the electric drive, and a large one is installed on the edge of the drum. To create a manual winch, a shaft equipped with a drum is supplemented with a handle.
To replace and repair most parts in a car, a platform or pit is required; if they are not available, you can use a lift. Despite the existing risks when working with such a device, its creation is justified by economic benefits and practical benefits.
An overhead trolley crane, assembled with a winch yourself, is the simplest option; the machine is installed on platforms after being raised to the desired height. There is also a scissor design, which is characterized by the absence of the possibility of cable breakage, which the previous option cannot guarantee.
Scissor crane
The base and platform of the scissor lift are made of channels. Two-piece distributor, pump, bushings, and are required for shears.
A self-made UAZ crane is capable of lifting loads weighing more than 500 kg. It can also be removed upon completion of work. The main purpose of the device is to fix retractable supports. The base of the structure is made of a thick-walled square, secured to the frame with several bolts. The retractable pores stay on the bumper and raise the rear of the car.
Crane “Pioneer”
The mechanism makes it possible to simplify the implementation of many repair and construction works, as well as to ensure the implementation of actions that cannot be performed without additional lifting devices. The design is suitable for cargo of various volumes and sizes, and it can be installed on the floors of houses under construction, in pits and on the roof.
Among the main constituent elements It is worth noting the rotating and supporting frames, the control panel. The device does not cause any difficulties in the process of use and the application of significant physical effort. Management is within the power of every person, even those without relevant experience.
Many owners of private houses and summer cottages. Their spread is due to the fact that each part of the mechanism, regardless of its complexity, can be performed in the desired manner and with the necessary functionality. In addition to moving heavy loads such as monolithic blocks, such cranes enable the delivery of light objects to great heights.
Unfortunately, the creation hydraulic devices, as a rule, is not possible. But, despite this, the crane (with your own hands), the photo of which is presented below, is easy to operate and has sufficient lifting capacity.
Assembly of the Pioneer crane
Many parts can be found, surprisingly, in a landfill. For homemade mechanism the main components are a rectangular pipe and an I-beam. It is important that the latter fits easily into the pipe. To create a telescopic unit for an I-beam, sliding guides are made. It is worth noting that they must be lubricated special compounds to reduce friction.
For the device to function, cables with a small diameter are also required. They can be purchased at hardware store. A channel is often used to secure the rotating and supporting frames. It also ensures that the device can be firmly mounted on any surface. As a rule, it is the roof of a building under construction. In accordance with safety regulations, the manufacture of a rectangular platform as ballast is required, and it will reduce the likelihood of problems while the crane, assembled with your own hands, is in operation. An electric motor connected to a winch is used to start the lifting process.
Sometimes when working under the hoods of cars, there is a need for additional mechanisms that can help pull out or hang the engine, while leaving enough space in the hole under the car to access all the parts of the car. Ideally, such a device that assists in car repairs should:
- do not clutter the space in the garage;
- understand the constituent elements;
- be independent of the ceiling fixed eyebolt.
This is exactly the type of mechanism that a self-made crane beam is.
Video on making a crane beam with your own hands:
Construction of a crane beam for a garage with your own hands
1. As a result of performing all the steps described below, a crane beam will be built, which will look like this when assembled:
2. When disassembled, this garage tool will look like this:
The height of such a crane beam will be 250 cm, width - 415 cm. The base of the racks will have a size of 120 cm. All sizes are designed to work with passenger cars. If a beam crane is needed to work with more massive vehicles, then it is better to strengthen the structure by making A-shaped vertical posts and additionally using gussets for the boom supports; the material used will have to have big sizes than those given.
3. We will use the following materials for the crane beam:
- a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm, which will serve as a transverse seamless rod;
- pipes with a diameter of 11 cm, which will act as rod supports;
- M:16 bolts for attaching to the rod supports;
- pipe square profile 10x10 cm, used as a stand;
- corner 10x10 cm for the base and bevels;
- rollers for the cable (you can use rollers from the elevator door drive).
4. The rollers are attached to a 5 cm strip, which is welded overlapping to the junction of the rod with the supports.
5. To ensure the mobility of the tool, rollers taken from containers used in warehouses are welded to the racks.
When folded out, this item takes up very little garage space.
6. The lifting mechanism is constructed from a manual worm winch with a capacity of 800 kg, having steel rope, by welding it to a vertical post.
Car owners who independently repair their “iron horse” periodically ask themselves the question: how to make a beam crane with your own hands? This is a practical and relatively inexpensive lifting device that significantly simplifies heavy and time-consuming work, such as engine removal. In addition, lifting equipment is suitable for low-rise construction: lifting bricks, mortar and other building materials on small height.
You can make such a mechanism for your garage yourself. Almost any metal is suitable for this, which often lies unattended on the territory of garage cooperatives and construction sites. Homemade cranes can be gantry cranes, with a rotating boom structure, or suspended, moving along a channel in a horizontal plane.
Features of factory-produced crane beams
- movement along a guide beam in a given direction;
- gripping and lifting loads;
- short-term fixation in a raised position or unloading at the desired point;
- return to the starting position, repeating the working cycle if necessary.
According to their own design features, crane beams are divided into two categories: supporting and suspended. These groups differ in the arrangement of their route of movement. Support modifications move along crane tracks, equipped with a special rail. Loading and unloading operations are controlled manually or by means of an installed electric drive.
Hanging models are fixed to ceilings. The function of guides here is performed by an I-beam channel. Such designs are more variable in application and help to use them more rationally. inner space premises. It should be clarified that if the crane equipment is intended to be installed inside garage box, it's better to stop at hanging version.
To simplify the installation process, you can use a manual drive. This variation is no different high performance, but for the needs of car enthusiasts more is not required. If you have experience installing electrical equipment, you can install a motor for the hoist.
Main characteristics
When making a homemade crane beam, it is better to focus on technical specifications factory-made models. These characteristics were calculated by qualified specialists, so they are optimally suited for multi-purpose applications.
The characteristics of different modifications may differ, but in general, it looks like this:
- Work zone. The span length varies between 3-28.5 meters. You should not focus on this indicator: not every garage has such an area, so the length of the crane runway is selected based on the actual size of the room.
- Lifting height. Industrial lifts lift loads to a height of 6-18 meters. For private use, you can stop at the minimum option. For example, if we're talking about about a simple hoist for a tractor or passenger car, a lifting height of 1.5 meters is sufficient.
- Voltage. Electrical equipment operates from a three-phase network of 380V. If you intend to install a lifting device with manual drive, this parameter is not relevant.
- Operating temperature range. Factory models work correctly at temperatures of -20/+40 degrees. This parameter must be taken into account when choosing components.
Materials and tools
To make a homemade crane beam you will need the following building materials:
- Support rods - made of pipe round section, with a diameter of 110 mm.
- The cross rod is an all-metal pipe with a diameter of at least 100 mm.
- Racks – corrugated pipe square section 100*100 mm.
- Reinforcing bevels for the upper cross member and base - steel angle.
- Fastening elements – M16 bolt-nut set.
- Cargo lifting mechanism– manual hoist or hoist.
To assemble the structure you will need:
- spanners;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine.
Before starting work, it is recommended to make a drawing of the future crane beam indicating the dimensions of the component elements. In addition, it makes sense to calculate the optimal load capacity in advance so that the lift can cope with the assigned tasks.
Overhead crane
This design is optimal for a garage, but there are a number of nuances. First, overhead lifts require guides, which are usually installed during the construction phase. Secondly, the base must be strong and withstand loads of at least 250 kilograms.
Of course, you can equip guides for moving the hoist yourself. To do this, you will need to make mortgages in the wall, to which you will attach an I-beam or a corrugated pipe with a square section. The length of the crane runway is calculated based on individual needs. In general, to remove the engine, a free play of 1.5-2 meters is enough. It is better to make the guide from a single piece of pipe. If you have to weld the missing part, it is recommended to carefully control the quality of the seam so that the structure does not collapse under load.
Having dealt with the guide, we move on to making the carriage. This element can be welded from angle steel, fastening the racks with studs. Here you can use steel strips and corner elements. The dimensions are arbitrary, the main thing is that the width of the carriage matches the parameters of the guide.
The design will require 8 bearings: 4 to move the carriage (wheels) and 4 to the idler rollers, which will perform a supporting function. For the chassis it is better to use bearings of larger diameter. Considering the importance of the element and the expected loads, you should not skimp on quality. For deflection rollers, any consumer goods will do, for example, Chinese factory-made rollers.
The support bearings are installed on studs of suitable diameter (2 for each), which, in turn, are inserted into the holes of the side strips and secured with nuts. Bypass bushings are welded to the bottom of the structure. They are needed to prevent the crane beam from skewing.
Additional metal strips going down are welded to the side edges. Four holes are drilled here: 2 on each side. A supporting pin is inserted into the lower part, on which the hoist itself is suspended. A safety pin is installed in the upper grooves to prevent deformation of the carriage under load.
All that remains is to place the crane-beam trolley on the guide and tighten the structural elements with bolts.
Step-by-step manufacturing diagram
Attaching the support beam
Trolley with support bearings
Crane beam with installed carriage
Support crane beam
This is a full-rotating structure, equipped with a boom and a lifting mechanism. In a garage, such a crane beam can only be used as a corner beam, however, this option has a competitive advantage. The design is collapsible and portable, so it is quite suitable for construction and other economic purposes. As in the previous case, most of the parts can be found in the garage, but some items will have to be purchased. In any case, a do-it-yourself cantilever crane will cost much less than purchasing a factory model.
First, a rotating mechanism is assembled, consisting of two bearings, a housing and a base. It is immediately necessary to clarify that the body and lower platform are manufactured at lathe, so they will probably have to be ordered. Bearings are selected individually, taking into account the size of the housing part and the diameter of the bushing on which they will be mounted. The structure is tightened with bolts, for which holes of a given diameter are drilled in the body internal thread.
Now let's move on to making the support posts. To do this, you will need a piece of pipe and four pieces of channel. The upper edge of the pipe is leveled with a grinder and a file: a rotating mechanism is welded to this part, so it is important to prevent distortion. The channel is cut so that the height is at the level of a person’s waist.
This is done so that rotation of the lifting mechanism handle does not cause difficulties. Support posts are trimmed to the level so that the crane beam does not collapse during operation. In addition, a cross made of any rigid profile is attached to the lower part of the channel. It's better to use here threaded connection to simplify the transportation process.
The next structural element is the crane equipment platform. The best option there will be an I-beam attached to the turntable with bolts. As an alternative, a channel or wooden beam 150*200 mm is suitable. Here you need to focus on balance so that the crane beam does not fall over and overweight the platform when lifting the load. To do this, a counterweight made from scraps of metal or brick is suspended in the opposite boom part of the platform. So that the element fits organically into general design, it is better to weld a small box, inside of which the counterweight will be placed.
A winch and boom are placed on the platform. The lifting capacity of the winch is selected individually. As practice shows, for household needs a value of 500-1,000 kilograms is sufficient. When purchasing, it is a good idea to pay attention to the presence of a locking brake.
The arrow is assembled from three elements:
- Mounts with shaft.
- Brusa.
- The tip where the pulley is installed.
The fastening body can be welded from pieces of channel material by passing any metal “round timber” with a diameter of 20-30 mm through the central part. On the sides, the shaft is “locked” with bearings of a suitable size to increase the wear resistance of rubbing parts and simplify the raising/lowering of the boom. The arrow body is made from wooden beam, which is clamped by a channel. A pulley block is placed in the upper part through which the winch cable is passed.
Movable and simpler stationary crane a beam in the garage with your own hands is quite doable if you have a welding machine and two days of free time. For a professional auto repair shop, it is easier to buy ready-made lifting equipment.
If the need for a crane is rare, then it is cheaper to make a simple and reliable lift yourself. Such a homemade crane can easily lift a weight of up to 800 kg, and this is for repair work It's enough in the garage.
In order to make a frame for a small beam crane in a standard garage with your own hands, you will need the following materials:
- I-beam (4 - 4.5 meters) - the required footage depends on the height of the garage;
- pipe (diameter 10-12 cm), length 2.4 meters - 2 pieces;
- one square pipe (10x10 cm);
- corners (10x10);
- manual hoist and hoist;
- bolts (M16) with nuts.
If you plan to build a mobile crane beam, then you need four more rollers and a hoist.
The procedure for making a crane frame with your own hands:
- We weld the legs of the crane - you need to weld the corners on both sides to the I-beam pipe;
- The location of the corner is at an angle of 45 degrees. The result is a kind of stiffening ribs that will firmly fix the stand, which bears the bulk of the weight of the load carried by the crane;
- We weld two triangles and spacers on each crane post.
- if the crane is a mobile beam, then on both sides from the bottom, on each stand, a roller must be welded horizontally - ordinary rollers for metal containers will do, furniture rollers will not withstand the weight;
- At the top, we fix a pipe as a crossbar along which the lifting mechanism will move;
- We weld an I-beam in the center of the pipe to secure the roller along which the steel cable of the crane’s lifting mechanism will move.
- above I-beam We weld a piece of a square pipe (to give rigidity to the frame) - 40 cm. The pipe should protrude on both sides by at least 20 cm. It turns out that the side post is located in the middle of the crossbar stiffening pipe;
- We insert the transverse pipe of the frame crossbar into the square pipe;
- drill through holes under the fastening bolts on both sides of the square holder and in the crossbar pipe itself - you need rigid, reliable fixation on both sides of the vertical post.
The result is a U-shaped structure of the crane frame, which is installed on rigid legs with spacers, and a crossbar pipe is rigidly bolted to the top.
Installation of lifting mechanism - manual or automatic
To mechanically lift loads on the frame, you need to install manual hoist– worm winch and cable. How to attach the hoist to the frame:
- on the side of the rack we install a manual worm winch (load capacity 800 kg, no less);
- The steel cable moves along rollers.
This mechanism makes it easy to lift the engine or car by the hood on one side.
You can use the lifting mechanism and rollers from the elevator door as a drive. The rollers there are reliable and durable.
On the manufactured base you can install and electric drive lift A 300 - 500 W motor will be quite enough for simple repair work in the garage.
Such cranes are often used for the repair and reconstruction of old wooden houses. Construction log house it will go faster if the logs are laid using a mobile homemade crane. In this case, the width of the frame is the length of the logs.
You can also make a simpler lift for the engine, on one support, watch the video.
For those who repair cars, a jack alone is not enough. To pull the engine out you need a crane. Of course, this option http://sdm-group.com.ua/catalog/mostoviekrani is not needed in the garage, but a smaller and modernized version, and also collapsible, will be useful to many car enthusiasts and not only.
And this is not an industrial product. This beam crane was made by some craftsmen in their garage with their own hands.
This photo shows the main dimensions 
The main materials used were:
For a solid-drawn cross rod with a diameter of 100mm and a length of 4150mm
For rod supports, a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm (cut a piece 1200 mm long into two identical parts
Mounting bolts support for rod M:16
The stands are made of square pipes 100x100mm length 2350 mm
The bevels and base are a 100x100mm corner
The rollers installed on the crane beam are parts of the elevator door drive. They are attached to a 50mm strip of metal and overlap welded to the rod and to one of the rod supports.
The size of this beam crane was not chosen by chance. This model is designed to work with passenger cars.
The mobility of the structure is ensured by ordinary rollers from a storage container welded to the vertical posts.
The disassembled design of our beam crane takes up very little space.
The lifting mechanism is a conventional worm-type hand winch welded to a vertical post. Its carrying capacity is somewhere around 800kg. The drive is a steel cable. . 
You can also adapt an electric winch if you wish, but there is no particular need for this.
The above construction is not a dogma. This option was made for specific tasks and the material available at hand. Any engine passenger car It pulls out easily and calmly lifts the Volga by the hood. On sale, if you search, you can find a similar crane industrial production, but the price will be decent. The idea has been proposed to you, but whether you want to implement it is up to you.
