Wooden log house pros and cons. Rounded log - advantages and disadvantages of the material. Standard log sizes

Despite the pursuit modern technologies, V last years some industries are going back to basics. Most a shining example is the construction sector: people much more often give preference to the construction of suburban wooden houses. This is facilitated by a number of reasons, ranging from lightness and efficiency to the environmental friendliness of the final product.

Wood is a natural anti-allergenic material. Thanks to the latest innovations, 100% natural substances are used in the construction of such buildings. Wood has its drawbacks, but the main one is considered increased level fire danger. Therefore, wiring in wooden house must comply with all recommendations, installation and operation rules. And it doesn’t matter whether you lay it yourself or turn to professional specialists for help.

What kind of electrical wiring is suitable for a wooden house?

Not a single modern residential building, whether it is made of wood, concrete or adobe blocks, can do without electricity. Depending on what building materials were used to construct the building, the organization of electrical wiring will have various features. The main nuance of wiring in a wooden house is the increased risk of fire and higher requirements for the quality of wiring.

Open or closed

There are two main types of electrical wiring: open and closed. In the first case, the cable is located in an open place: attached to the walls, laid on external shelves, and so on.

The process of laying cables using the open method in a wooden house can be done in one of two main ways:

Using boxes, corrugated pipes or cable channels. This option is appropriate for houses with flat walls, which, for example, are finished with clapboard. The key advantage of this approach is the availability of the cable, the possibility of prompt repair or replacement, and the installation of an additional branch. Since the wires are open, they are perfectly cooled, which eliminates the possibility of overheating or fire. For better ventilation the cavity of the cable channel should be filled with wires by 60% or less.
For wooden house From rounded logs, cable installation using insulators is suitable. First, ceramic rollers, which are excellent dielectrics, are fixed, then cables are attached to them. This technology is outdated and rarely used even today. Ideally, multi-colored twisted pair cables should be used.

Installation on brackets. Alternative method, which is suitable if it is impossible to lay the cable in boxes or fix it on insulators.
Retro wiring that allows you to most effectively and unusually disguise the cable fixed on the walls and under the ceiling.

Hidden installation of electrical wiring is appropriate and desirable in all situations where external walls, the floor and ceiling of the house were not yet covered finishing materials. For wooden houses, cables should be hidden in metal or corrugated pipes. The use of plastic cable ducts is strictly prohibited. The method requires large investments, but allows for high-quality and safe installation, hiding the cable from view.

It is impossible to say for sure whether hidden or open electrical wiring is better or worse for a wooden house. It all depends on individual preferences, operating conditions, presence or absence suitable tool and other factors. For example, the walls in the house have already been finished, so you don’t want to tear down the lining to perform hidden installation. In such a case, the open installation method is chosen.

Basic requirements for electrical wiring in a wooden house

Above, we determined that wood is the most dangerous and flammable building material used as a basis for the construction of residential buildings.

We list the basic requirements that must be followed when organizing electrical wiring in a wooden house:

Increased level of electrical and fire safety. Make sure that cables and wires are laid in such a way that will minimize the likelihood of overheating of the insulation and subsequent ignition, and will prevent the spread of open flame to other parts wooden structure. During the design process, full compliance must be achieved technical parameters And performance characteristics the wires and products used and the peak load for a specific section of the circuit. To reduce the likelihood of overheating, empty cavities are left in cable channels and metal corrugations, and the wire cross-section is taken with a margin of 20-30%. To increase security, it is advisable to choose open method gaskets, which allows you to monitor the condition of the wires throughout the entire service life, perform timely diagnostics, identifying and promptly eliminating damage.

High quality insulation. Electrical shield must be reliably isolated from any wooden products. Ideally, you need to choose rooms with a partition made of non-combustible materials.
Reliable guide. It is best to use three-core copper wires with high-quality non-flammable insulation. Avoid laying cables through PVC corrugation.
Efficient automation. Each group of working devices in the electrical circuit must be supplemented with a circuit breaker. The operating threshold of this product depends on the permissible current load. Try not to overestimate these values, otherwise the conductor will overheat.

Regulations

All requirements and rules for installing electrical wiring in a wooden house are clearly stated in three documents:

PUE, edition 7. The main document that guides the design of electrical networks of residential buildings. Here you will find basic recommendations for selecting cables, distribution equipment, automatic protection devices and lighting devices.
SNiP 3.05.06-85. Describes the organization of electrical wiring in old and new buildings. From the document you will learn the basic methods of connecting and inserting wires into living rooms.
SNiP 31-02. Additional rules and recommendations that are important to consider when laying cables in a residential building.

These SNiPs contain many technical terms and parameters, so this language will be incomprehensible to an inexperienced person. Thus, it is enough to study the corresponding edition of the PUE.

Drawing up a diagram

Construction of an electrical wiring diagram is a preparatory stage preceding any work on installing or replacing a cable. Only a competent and technically correct project guarantees high-quality installation of a reliable and safe electrical circuit that complies with the rules and regulations.

When drawing up a diagram of future electrical wiring, follow a number of recommendations:

Important electrical components, including panels, meters and sockets, must be placed in accessible places. You must be able to get to such a unit at any time in order to carry out prompt repairs or replacement, eliminating the likelihood of a fire or short circuit.
Place the switches on open places so that they are not cluttered with furniture. This error was common in Soviet times, and today hidden switches can often be found in the houses of parents and grandparents. The ideal height for any switch is at least 50 cm from the floor.
When choosing the location of future outlets, think in advance where all household appliances should be located. Try to install a number of outlets that will be sufficient to operate devices without extension cords. The height from the floor for sockets should be 25-50 cm. In theory, it is enough to have one socket for every 6 square meters. m. However, if the situation requires it, then their number can be increased.

Twists and frequent kinks of the electrical cable are excluded. It is desirable that all the lines in the diagram be at right angles to the floor, ceiling and walls - horizontally or vertically. Use the lower or top wiring electricians: the cable is placed at a distance of 15 cm from the floor or ceiling, respectively.
It is important to use metal junction boxes for connecting wires. The use of plastic or wooden products is prohibited.

Preparing a home power supply project

Before you start designing wiring for a wooden house, you need to contact your electricity supplier to obtain technical specifications. It is from them that you need to start when doing this work. First, you should calculate the total power consumed by all electrical appliances in the house, including lighting sources.

Further development of the project is as follows:

Build technical diagram residential building. Indicate on the plan all the places where sockets, switches and lighting sources will be located. Add to diagram electrical devices, requiring a separate connection.
The type of cable is selected depending on the characteristics of the electrical point. For example, for two-gang switches and grounded outlets require a three-wire wire.

Indicate the location of all junction boxes. In a pair of adjacent rooms, you can use one common one.
Add the power of all individual appliances to the plan. If your device is equipped electric motor, then you should indicate the starting power of the unit.
Devices are divided into different groups: one includes lighting products, the other includes powerful boilers, boilers and electric stoves. Switching must be carried out through differential automatic machines, which should be indicated in the diagram.
Mark the distance between the cable and door/window openings, electrical points and floor/ceiling.

Important! Any rotation of the cable must be done at a right angle (90 degrees).

At the end of the work, a calculation is made of the maximum power that will be required when all electrical devices in the house. This allows you to determine the load level on the input machine.

Selecting cables and electrical devices

To select a cable, any table that indicates the ratio of wire cross-section to a specific load is suitable. You can use a special electrical reference book. The cable cross-section is selected depending on the power of electrical appliances and their number in a separate group. You can find out the level of consumed load from the equipment data sheet or by studying the label on the product (packaging). To determine the cross-section of the input cable, the powers of all electrical appliances are summed up, and a small margin of 20-30% is taken.

NYM brand copper wires are popular for wooden houses. This product has an additional insulating shell and is characterized by durability and ease of use. If you use an aluminum cable, try to avoid frequent kinks. In addition, it often breaks during the cutting process.

For sockets and lighting fixtures Three-core cables are used to increase the safety of the equipment. Grounding is required when operating any powerful equipment, including street floodlights.

The choice of sockets and switches is based on the current load, the type of electrical wiring (open or hidden), the ability to switch the entire unit and the switch in one frame.

Selection of input cable and circuit breaker at the input

After calculating the rated load of the devices, select a suitable cross-section for the input cable. In the event of an upgrade of electrical wiring and the need to replace internal cables and circuit breakers to increase power, it is necessary to replace the input wire.

Having changed the wiring in the house, installing strong circuit breakers, you may encounter another problem: a lack of cross-sectional area for the input cable, which will subsequently cause a fire. It is prohibited to change the input cable yourself, so the only way out is to contact your electricity supplier with a corresponding request.

For three-phase electrical networks, a connection is required circuit breaker with three poles. Single-phase networks are more common and for them one- and two-pole differential circuit breakers are used to break the phase with the neutral.

Advice! When choosing a differential circuit breaker, consider a rated power that will be sufficient to break the circuit and prevent a short circuit, rather than a complete power outage in the house when the maximum load is reached.

Rating and type of machine for single-phase power supply

When choosing a circuit breaker, use the following formulas:

The total power of all electrical appliances and the maximum permissible current load: I (max) = P/U*cosA, where cosФ is equal to 0.8. The resulting current value is corrected using a correction factor equal to 1.1. As a result, a current will be obtained, upon reaching which the device will operate. A 25 A circuit breaker is usually sufficient for the cable entry at home.
To determine the type of machine, you must calculate the minimum value of the short circuit current. For a single-phase network with a voltage of 220 V, it is used simple formula: I (short circuit) = 3260 * S/L, where S is the cross-section of the wire in square millimeters, and L is its length in meters. This formula is relevant for an extended section with small cross-section wires.
The ratio of short circuit current to maximum current is the most important parameter circuit breaker. For wooden houses, type C differential circuit breakers are more often chosen, suitable for mixed-load electrical networks.

The input circuit breaker for a private house is placed after the electric meter. This device together with the metering device and the RCD, they are fixed in a special panel attached to a metal profile.

Installing electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands: step-by-step instructions

The process of installing electrical wiring in a wooden house is divided into several stages:

placement of power input cable;
installation distribution panel;
installation of cable lines;
fastening switches and sockets;
contact switching;
checking network functionality.

These works will require availability different instruments, including electric drill with a crown, a screwdriver with various attachments, an indicator and rubber gloves to protect against electric shock.

Installation of distribution panel

The input cable from the nearest electrical pole is laid into the house. Any branches are excluded before it ends up in the main distribution panel.

The shield includes several important components:

Plastic or metal body. For wooden houses, the second option is preferable. There are no strict regulations regarding the size of the box, so proceed from individual devices and make a reserve. Keep in mind that the electrical network may need to be upgraded in the future.
Electricity meter with seal.
Automatic switch at the input. A device with two or three poles is selected. The electricity supplier places a seal on this equipment.

Additional single-pole circuit breakers mounted on DIN rails. The number of such devices is not regulated in any way. The home electrical network is divided into several sections, so a separate circuit breaker is installed for each. One zone can be allocated to illuminate the courtyard and buildings near a residential building, another - rooms, and so on. The power of the machine will be calculated individually for working area. The main condition for calculations is timely operation due to overload in weak areas. For example, if the permissible current load for an outlet is 15 A, then the machine should trip at the slightest excess of this value.
The residual current device is expensive, and most homeowners ignore installing it. The device turns off the power supply when a leak is detected. This will prevent electric shock. Only a qualified specialist will be able to select a device with suitable technical and operational parameters.

Cabling

The wiring is hidden in cable ducts or under baseboards. The work consists of several stages. At the first stage, the wire is cut into segments, the number of which depends on the number of sockets and switches. The length of a separate wire is equal to the distance between the socket and switches with a margin of 15-20 cm.

Next, the installation of cable channels is carried out, which are attached strictly vertically or horizontally. To ensure the boxes are level, use a building level. At the end of the work electrical wire fits inside the cable channels, but do not rush to close them.

Electrical installation of distribution boxes

A junction box should be installed wherever the main cable branches to connect outlets or switches. The device is used to divide power lines and further distribute them to other parts of the room.

The cable is secured in the box using one of the following methods:

Using PPE caps, which differ in size and color. To install, the end of the wire is stripped 30 mm, twisted, then threaded through the cap and twisted. The twisted ends of the two sections are hidden in the distribution box so as to prevent contact with other twists.
Special vags. This product is selected depending on specific sizes. The devices differ in the number of holes for wiring and cross-section. For switching, the ends of the wires are stripped to 10-15 mm, after which they are placed in the holes until they click. The ends of the cables are run in different directions, excluding contact and short circuit.
Twisted with electrical tape. After stripping the ends, the two wires are twisted together and then covered with electrical tape. The insulated twist is located inside the distribution box.

Installation of switches and sockets

Sockets and switches are attached directly to the wall. Before installation, aluminum or asbestos insulation is laid. The sockets are screwed as tightly and firmly as possible to prevent loosening. When connecting a three-core cable, the yellow-green wire is used for grounding.

Installation of lighting fixtures

Lighting fixtures in a private residential building are divided into three main categories:

built-in;
invoices;
street

It is important to use metal platforms for fastening wall lamps, sconces and similar ceiling products, which will increase fire safety. Switching the lamp to the network is carried out according to a simple scheme using yellow-green wires. Each product is equipped with contacts for connecting to a three-phase network.

How difficult is the job of replacing wiring?

Replacing wiring in a wooden house does not present any difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The process will be especially easy if an external gasket is used. After turning off the power supply at the input machine, all old cable lines are removed and a new wire of a suitable cross-section is laid in their place.

If there is hidden wiring in the house, it is absolutely not necessary to destroy all the walls. You can disconnect the old wiring from the input machine, attach a new cable to it and install it using the open method.

Grounding device and installation of RCD

For grounding, a PE bus is used, which is connected to a grounding device. It is installed in the ground near the wall of a residential building. Externally, such equipment consists of several metal sticks with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm and a length of up to 3 m, they are connected by a common metal strip.

To connect the grounding device and the bus, a single-core wire of the same cross-section as the input cable is suitable. After the installation is completed, the resistance of the grounding device is measured. In single-phase networks it should be equal to 8, three-phase - 4 Ohms.

Installation errors

The occurrence of fires in wooden houses is often associated with violations of safety rules during the installation or operation of electrical wiring.

We list the main mistakes that are made in both cases:

Installation of hidden wiring under the ceiling. Often the electrical wire is placed in the interfloor ceilings, forgetting about additional insulation measures. In this case, the cable is in close proximity to wooden surfaces. If the cross-section is incorrectly selected, the cable line will begin to overheat, which will gradually lead to a fire.
Cable laying under the baseboard. There is little space underneath, which is not enough to create a “safe air barrier.” Because of this, the wire is constantly in contact with wood or plastic skirting board, which leads to overheating and fire. Gaps in the plinth should be at least 10-15 mm.

The use of corrugated polyvinyl chloride pipes is strictly unacceptable when installing electrical wiring in wooden houses. Replace the products with standard metal or corrugated cable ducts.
Cable placement in a groove without insulation. When choosing a hidden installation method, it is permissible to use prepared recesses - grooves. However, even in this case, it is not a bare cable that needs to be placed in the groove, but a metal corrugation or a steel tube.
Installation boxes for sockets and switches must be made of metal. The use of plastic structures is unacceptable.

Fire protection measures

To provide high level fire protection There are a number of key factors to consider:

Select and install an RCD with suitable parameters.
Install a modular-pin type grounding circuit and corresponding resistance depending on the number of phases in the network.
Ensure the functionality of the system that equalizes potentials.
Ensure continuity of grounding at each section of the circuit.
Install only overhead sockets.
Realize hidden installation using metal cable channels and pipes.

By following the listed rules, recommendations and standards, you can organize safe electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands or make sure of the competence of the specialists called. And this is very important, since the risk of fire in these residential buildings is much higher.

In most cases, a short circuit in the electrical wiring occurs due to the stupidity and stinginess of the owner of the premises, since he categorically does not want to carry out the electrical installation in compliance with all norms and requirements. The owner does not want to conduct periodic inspections and electrical measurements of his electrical equipment and power supply, since these are additional unaccounted costs for the operation of electrical equipment. What causes short circuits in electrical wiring? The main cause of short circuits is wear and tear of the insulation of conductors in electrical wiring. This occurs due to mechanical damage to the electrical wiring insulation or excessive load on the wires and cables. How to avoid these troubles? What should be done to prevent or minimize the risk of short circuits in electrical wiring? In this article we will try to convey to the reader how to correctly install internal hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house.

Articles of the series

Electrical installation of input into a wooden house with VVGng cable in the ground. Continuation

Most home-grown electricians try to quickly spread hidden electrical wiring around wooden bases and cover up the traces of their crimes in the voids of combustible structures, that is, behind false ceiling, under wall cladding and in combustible ceilings. Whether out of ignorance or intentionally, some electrical installation organizations do not shun these violations. A gross violation of the rules for electrical installations is the hidden laying of cables along wooden bases (walls, floors, ceilings) in a corrugated pipe, metal hose, or plastic box. There are such “Kulibins” who carry out electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring without any protection at all, motivating their actions by the fact that his great-grandfather did this and lived to be 100 years old.

Why is it impossible to carry out electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring in wooden houses using corrugated PVC pipe, metal hose, or plastic duct? Let's look at several situations that may arise when operating electrical wiring. By laying hidden electrical wiring using corrugated PVC pipe or PVC duct in the voids of wooden walls, floors and ceilings, you will not be able to protect the cable from rodents, who love to sharpen their sharp teeth on parts of your electrical supply.

Rats and mice easily chew through PVC pipes and PVC ducts and expose wire strands, which subsequently short out, resulting in a short circuit in hidden electrical wiring. A lot of wood dust accumulates in the voids of the floors and the slightest spark leads to a fire in a wooden house, but the worst thing is that it is very difficult to immediately determine the location of the fire and put it out, since the entire process of the fire consuming your goods occurs behind the sheathed walls and ceilings. You can fill all the walls with water and foam, but the result will be zero, it will be impossible to put it out until the entire structure burns down.

But not only rodents pose a threat to hidden electrical wiring laid on wooden bases in the voids of combustible floors using PVC pipes and PVC plastic boxes. While laying the cable, the electrician may slightly damage the insulation of the conductors, and during electrical measurements, this damage may not be detected. But during operation, when all the necessary electrical equipment is connected, the electrical wiring operates in the maximum permissible load mode. Such operation can weaken the insulation of the cable or wire, as the conductors heat up, causing a short circuit in the electrical wiring. Since the walls plastic pipes and PVC boxes are not able to withstand a short circuit in the electrical wiring without burning out the walls, therefore, such a short circuit in the hidden electrical wiring will inevitably lead to a fire.

There is an opinion that the installation of hidden electrical wiring on wooden bases using a metal pipe does not pose any danger and reliably ensures fire safety in a wooden house. But such misconception can be costly for those who ignore the necessary norms and requirements.

A metal hose, like a corrugated pipe, protects electrical wiring from minor mechanical damage, but cannot serve as protection against fires due to short circuits in electrical wiring, since it does not have localization ability.

The question may arise: What kind of ability is this that does not allow hamster electricians to perform hidden electrical installations without special costs and effort? We answer: Localization ability is the ability of a fireproof material (metal pipe, steel box) in which a cable is laid to withstand a short circuit in a cable or wire, without burning out the walls of the fireproof material.

This means that if there is a short circuit in hidden electrical wiring, the walls of the metal pipe burn out, which inevitably leads to a fire. Further developments can be found in the daily reports of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Articles of the series“The whole truth about electrical installation work in a wooden house”:

Electrical installation of input into a wooden house with VVGng cable in the ground
Electrical installation of input into a wooden house with VVGng cable in the ground. Continuation
Electrical installation of internal open wiring in a wooden house
Electrical installation of internal hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house. Continuation
How to separate a PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard). Start
How to separate a PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard). Continuation

PUE-6
2.1.4
Electrical wiring is divided into the following types:
1. Open wiring, laid along the surface of walls, ceilings, along trusses and other construction elements of buildings and structures, along supports, etc.
At open wiring The following methods of laying wires and cables are used: directly on the surface of walls, ceilings, etc., on strings, cables, rollers, insulators, in pipes, boxes, flexible metal sleeves, on trays, in electrical skirting boards and platbands, free suspension and etc.
Open electrical wiring can be stationary, mobile and portable.
2. — laid inside structural elements buildings and structures (in walls, floors, foundations, ceilings), as well as on floors in floor preparation, directly under a removable floor, etc.
For hidden electrical wiring, the following methods of laying wires and cables are used: in pipes, flexible metal hoses, ducts, closed channels and voids of building structures, in plastered grooves, under plaster, as well as by embedding them into building structures during their manufacture.

2.1.32
When choosing the type of electrical wiring and the method of laying wires and cables, electrical safety and fire safety requirements must be taken into account.

2.1.37
When laying open protected wires (cables) with shells made of combustible materials and unprotected wires, the clear distance from the wire (cable) to the surface of bases, structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 10 mm. If it is impossible to ensure the specified distance, the wire (cable) should be separated from the surface by a layer of fireproof material protruding from each side of the wire (cable) by at least 10 mm.

2.1.38
When hidden laying of protected wires (cables) with shells made of combustible materials and unprotected wires in closed niches, in the voids of building structures (for example, between the wall and the cladding), in furrows, etc. with the presence of combustible structures, it is necessary to protect wires and cables with a continuous layer of fireproof material on all sides.

2.1.39
When laying pipes and ducts made of non-combustible materials openly on non-combustible and non-combustible bases and structures, the clear distance from the pipe (duct) to the surface of structures and parts made of combustible materials must be at least 100 mm. If it is impossible to ensure the specified distance, the pipe (box) should be separated on all sides from these surfaces by a continuous layer of fireproof material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete, etc.) with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

2.1.40
When concealed laying of pipes and ducts made of non-combustible materials in closed niches, in the voids of building structures (for example, between a wall and the cladding), in furrows, etc., pipes and ducts should be separated on all sides from the surfaces of structures, parts made of combustible materials a layer of fireproof material with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

2.1.41
When crossing short sections of electrical wiring with elements of building structures made of combustible materials, these sections must be made in compliance with the requirements of 2.1.36 - 2.1.40.

Table 2.1.3
Selection of types of electrical wiring and methods of laying wires and cables according to fire safety conditions

Type of electrical wiring and method of laying on foundations and structures made of combustible materials

Hidden electrical wiring
1. With a lining of fireproof materials (1) and subsequent plastering or protection on all sides with a continuous layer of other fireproof materials.
Unprotected wires; protected wires and cables sheathed in combustible materials.

2. Lined with fireproof materials(1).
Protected wires and cables sheathed in flame retardant materials.

3. In pipes and ducts made of fire-resistant materials - with lining under the pipes and ducts of non-combustible materials (1) and subsequent plastering (2).
Unprotected wires and cables sheathed in combustible, non-combustible and non-combustible materials.
_____________
1 A lining made of fireproof materials must protrude from each side of the wire, cable, pipe or box by at least 10 mm.
2 Plastering of the pipe is carried out with a continuous layer of plaster, alabaster, etc. thickness of at least 10 mm above the pipe.

PUE-7
7.1.38
Electrical networks laid behind non-passable suspended ceilings and in partitions, are considered as hidden electrical wiring and should be carried out; behind ceilings and in the voids of partitions made of flammable materials in metal pipes, having localization ability, and in metal blind boxes; behind ceilings and in partitions made of non-combustible materials* - in pipes and ducts made of non-flammable materials, as well as flame retardant cables. In this case, it must be possible to replace wires and cables.
________________
* Suspended ceilings made of non-combustible materials mean those ceilings that are made of non-combustible materials, while other building structures located above suspended ceilings, including interfloor ceilings, are also made of non-combustible materials.

Read also:

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Beginning of the article “Installation of internal hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house. Start". When choosing a method for installing hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house, the first step is to take into account fire safety and electrical safety requirements. Design and cost of electrical installation...
Electricity supply country houses, gardening partnerships and houses in the village, in the overwhelming majority, is carried out by air lines power transmission This means that the consumer receives electricity through the “TN-C” grounding system, which...
Beginning of the article “How to separate a PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard)“. After removing the external insulation of the cable, lay the phase conductors to the switch or protection device with a reserve for cutting the wire cores and the possibility of re-use...
Andrey Hello! There is a wooden timber house. Electrical wiring is laid openly in PVC cable ducts. I want to cover the inside of the house with clapboard that will cover the cable channels. Will this wiring already be considered hidden? And for her to become again...

22 Comment(s) on “The whole truth about electrical installation work in a wooden house in accordance with PUE and PTEEP. Electrical installation of internal hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house. Start"

Hello. Competent material about electrical installation work in wooden houses, everything is clear and understandable.
Out of curiosity, I went to the site indicated in the photo that you criticize and did not find it. But there are other photos on the page that show that the electrical wiring was not done correctly. Not only is it laid with a flame propagating cable, but it also goes into wooden wall into a hole without a pipe. Or am I wrong?

- Hello, Boris!
  Thank you for good words to our address.

Hello!
How is it positioned? frame construction— a wooden lattice covered on both sides with plasterboard? How should the cable be routed in this case? Thank you.

Hello, Alexey!
A wooden lattice covered on both sides with plasterboard is considered as a building structure made of combustible materials. Hidden electrical wiring in such structures must be carried out in accordance with the PUE, clause 7.1.38, in metal pipes with localization ability, and in metal blind boxes. It is also possible to carry out hidden electrical wiring in PVC-ng pipes (corrugated pipe) and PVC-ng boxes (non-flammable), but only with a lining on all sides and along the entire length of fireproof material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete and so on.).
- Hello, Vladimir!
  We hasten to disappoint you, but the links we provided to regulations apply to all residential and public buildings. We advise you to carefully read them and strictly comply with the current requirements.
  
  CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (SP 31-110-2003)
  DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
  1 AREA OF USE
  This Code of Rules establishes the rules for the design and installation of electrical installations of newly constructed and reconstructed residential and public buildings in cities and rural areas.
  14.3
  Internal electrical networks must be flame retardant and made with cables and wires with copper conductors in accordance with the requirements of 2.1 and 7.1 of the PUE.
  
  RULES FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS (PUE)
  1.1.1
  Rules for the construction of electrical installations (PUE) apply to newly constructed and reconstructed electrical installations of direct and alternating current with voltage up to 750 kV, including special electrical installations discussed in section. 7 of these Rules.

Please tell me. There are 3 people in the apartment storey building on the 1st floor from the electrical panel there is hidden wiring (VVG or VVGng) in PVC corrugation in brick wall goes down under the floor (wooden floor on brick posts). Further, under the floor, it comes out of the wall and in a corrugated PVC, suspended from the joists, stretched to the walls and brought out at the walls back into the rooms to the sockets and branch boxes. There is access to the underground, but the height of the “ceiling” there is about 70-80 cm. Have the norms been violated?

Hello, Vladimir!

Hello!
I want to ask one more question regarding the photographs presented as illustrations of the violation. So, on them we see wiring laid along a wooden structure in a corrugated pipe (an open protected installation). The corrugated pipe is attached to the wall using corrugated pipe clips. Most of the clips produced have a base of 1 cm, so that the corrugation does not fit flush against the wall, but hangs at some distance from it.
At the same time, the 7th edition of the PUE teaches us:
clause 2.1.37. When laying open protected wires (cables) with shells made of combustible materials and unprotected wires, the clear distance from the wire (cable) to the surface of bases, structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 10 mm.
and only then in this paragraph it is indicated about laying non-combustible materials under the cable, if it is impossible to maintain these 10 mm, as rightly stated in the second part of your article.
It turns out that the use of clips with such a base allows you to maintain the normalized PUE distance of 10 mm to the combustible wall, and the installation is not so wrong?

Hello, Gregory!
The photographs show hidden electrical wiring behind impenetrable suspended ceilings and in the voids of building structures (between the wall and the cladding) made of flammable materials at the stage of laying group cable lines before cladding the walls and ceilings.

Good afternoon, I read your article and learned a lot.
I have such a case, the contractors laid the cable in the ceiling space in a corrugated PVC pipe, it seems that everything is fine, but they secured the corrugated pipe with the help of ties to the traverses on which it is used to hang the ceiling. The question is, where in the regulatory documentation is it stated that pipes can be attached, for example, only to walls and ceilings, and are prohibited to traverses of other systems?

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Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house is installed to ensure full functionality of the system. Installation of wiring in wooden structures should ensure the safety of the structure from fire. Installing electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands is quite acceptable, but you should carefully familiarize yourself with the standards and norms for carrying out this process. Every owner of a wooden building wants to create and provide comfortable and favorable conditions for household accommodation.

Modern installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house can be divided into the following main stages:

Development of design documentation with an appendix on calculating the power required for electrical equipment;
Security necessary materials for installation (cables, sockets, electrical appliances, sockets, lamps, distribution board, etc.);
Inserting automatic machines, an electric meter and a distribution panel into the house;
Laying and distributing cables and wires to electricity localization points;
Installation of additional devices (sockets, switches, lamps, etc.);
Providing grounding and protective shutdown;
System connection;
Startup and testing of wiring.

The wiring in houses of wooden construction should prevent any fire. Cable wires and other elements must have the following characteristics:

cable wires must be treated and insulated with fire-resistant materials;
for external installation, aluminum or thermal pipes are used;
cables with copper conductors and the required cross-section to withstand the power load are used;
grooves (grooves) for laying cables are treated with fire-resistant substances (fucam, frizol).

Details of the development of an electrical installation diagram in a wooden house

A detailed calculation of the power of electrical equipment is the key to a well-designed project. Such a project is based on the following points:

drawing up a drawing of a house indicating the points of lighting devices, sockets and electrical equipment (electric stoves, ventilation systems etc.);
location of electrical equipment locations, determined taking into account power consumption;
creating blocks to provide lighting. In small houses, one block is enough;
creation of a separate block to control street lighting. Street lighting it is recommended to mount it on a separate machine, as this ensures the possibility of de-energizing the house during the absence of the owners of the house;
household appliances (electric boilers, water heaters, electric stoves) that require high electrical power are connected through a special machine. When installing these devices, it is necessary to provide for the use of special cables that are laid separately;
To calculate the power, you need to write down all the devices used, after which you select the machines to turn off.

Additional materials used for electrical installation work

Electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands should ensure a continuous process; you need to stock up on tools and equipment. For this work, pliers, screwdrivers, a hammer, a chisel, a screwdriver, and a knife for electrical work are used.

There are two types: metal and plastic. For wooden buildings, experts recommend installing metal panels inside the house. Most often, the following types of cables are placed in the shield:

to provide current to lighting devices;
for sockets;
for electric stoves;
for meters that monitor electricity consumption;
for RCD.

Electrical supply stores sell switchboards to accommodate 12 pieces of electrical equipment. For houses of standard dimensions with the usual arrangement of electrical wiring elements, panels with 9 places are used.

In addition, to install electrical wiring you must prepare:

electrical wires of a certain cross-section. In wooden houses, a three-core VVG cable with a cross-section of 2.5 millimeters is used;
sockets, switches, the number of these devices is calculated according to the diagram. Basically, when choosing, they pay attention to quality and combination with the colors of the interior. Sockets and switches equipped with brass and bronze contacts are used;
cables and skirting boards with grooves;
distribution boxes, insulating clamps and tape;
electric meter, today there are two types of meters: one-tariff and two-tariff. At current electricity prices, it is more rational to use a two-tariff meter, since it records the tariff depending on the time of day;
self-tapping screws, aluminum tape, fasteners - clips, clothespins, clamps.

The above list should be collected before initial stage workflow.

Specifics of selection of cables and electrical appliances

The main specificity of the choice of cables is the cross-section of the wires and their power. First you need to clearly define the groups of electrical equipment and the voltage of electricity required for full operation of the system.

To install electrics in wooden houses, marked VVG copper cables are used. Cables of this type are more affordable. NYM brand cable is more expensive, but has a number of advantages - reliable insulation, ease of use and safety. Aluminum cables can also be used, but they are not as reliable because their structure is more brittle and prone to kinking.

A three-core cable with a grounding effect is supplied to the sockets. When using electrical household appliances, grounding is mandatory.

According to the Electrical Installation Rules, when installing lighting devices, grounding is a mandatory attribute.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out according to two types:

external, characterized by installation through the use of cable channels;
hidden laying of wires is carried out in cases where plastering of the wall surface is envisaged.

Wires are laid inside walls using pipes or metal sleeves to provide insulation and protection from mechanical damage to integrity.

Electrical appliances (sockets and switches) used in wooden houses must meet the following parameters:

must match the current voltage;
by type of installation - internal or external.

The number of sockets and switches is determined using the drawn up project. At the discretion of the owner, it is allowed to install joint switches, for example, in the bathroom and toilet, corridor and pantry.

Installation process of the introductory machine

For the right choice input cable, it is necessary to calculate the entire power consumption in the house. During repair work, if you decide to increase the ratings of the switches, do not forget about replacing the input cable. It is necessary to select the input cable for the total power of the devices in the house, because an incorrect cross-section will not provide sufficient functionality of the electrical wiring.

When choosing a machine, you should proceed with special care: if the machine is worn out, then short circuits and overvoltages often occur. If the house uses a three-phase network, then it is necessary to ensure the use of a three-pole circuit breaker. Accordingly, with a single-phase electricity network, a single-pole or two-pole switch with a zero phase input is used.

For a single-phase network, the machines must have the following properties:

it is necessary to calculate the optimal voltage in the circuit breaker. A single-phase electrical network requires the use of switches with a 25-amp current;
in wooden houses, category C switches are often used, which have a certain current ratio;
The switch at the input is mounted after installing the electric meter; it is needed to ensure correct calculation for consumed electricity;
automatic machines, RCD, electric meter - all these devices are elements of the distribution panel. The shield consists of a housing, and installation necessary elements occurs through the use of a DIN rail.

To correctly calculate voltage network power indicators, specially developed formulas are used.

Cable wiring, installation of sockets and switches

In accordance with the diagram. To do this, routes are determined in kind, that is, on the surface of the wall of the house, after which distribution boxes are installed and installation points for sockets, lamps and switches are marked. The cables used must have the appropriate cross-section to ensure full use of the system.

When laying cable wires in metal boxes or pipes need finishing internal space walls For hidden wiring, the use of corrugated pipes is prohibited, as this can lead to fire.

Laying cable wires in a pipe includes the following steps:

preparation of channels (grooves). External distribution boxes are installed at the junction points of the wires to ensure open access;
When laying cables between rooms, holes are made in the walls using metal sleeves with plugs. Metal sleeves suppress the fire, ensuring the circuit is closed.

At external laying cable wire into pipes, the wires should not fit tightly to the surface of the pipes. They should be filled halfway. Electricians recommend using copper pipes because such products have greater flexibility, which is important during installation. Cut wires must be processed and stripped. The pipes are installed on the wall surface using clamps.

Grounding and RCD

Installation of grounding in wooden houses is mandatory in accordance with all requirements and standards for the operation of household electrical appliances.

When grounding, perform the following actions:

Dig a hole (40 centimeters) in the mold equilateral triangle with sides 1 meter long;
Recesses are dug into the corners hardware or corners, then they are fastened to each other using a welding machine;
A grounding conductor is passed through the pin hole, and then secured with a nut;
All grounding elements of the cables are connected to a bus bar, which has greenish colored wires.

Installing an RCD in a private house plays the role of protection against damage electric shock in cases of leakage.

Starting and checking the electrical wiring

When all electrical appliances are connected and installation is completed in in full, it is necessary to measure the resistance of electrical wiring in a wooden house. This process is necessary to ensure that the insulation is not damaged.

Resistance measurements are carried out regularly, approximately once every three years. Resistance measurements will help identify deficiencies and help protect the structure from short circuits leading to fire.

After installing the electrical wiring, it is necessary to independently inspect the entire complex installation work. Electricians measure the insulation resistance and grounding conductor.

After the work, specialists issue a protocol that confirms the functionality of the entire system. This document must be presented when sealing the electric meter. Most often, for clarity and to facilitate repairs, a diagram indicating the location of the main circuit breakers is pasted onto the electrical panel.

Conclusion

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house must be done taking into account all the rules. Carefully executed wiring installation quality materials will provide long term services. In order to competently carry out the entire scope of electrical installation work, familiarize yourself with the diagram and correctly calculate the amount of materials and cable footage.

If you are not sure that you can handle the work yourself, invite specialists, because your safety and the safety of your property depend on proper installation and connection of the electrical network in your home.