This article provides step-by-step instructions for creating a folding attic ladder. You will learn how to correctly assemble the main hinge element, what to make the staircase sections from, and how to securely fasten the structure in its installation position. The article contains diagrams and drawings.
An inventory factory staircase to the attic is a fairly common product that can be purchased in many construction stores. However budget options They are not always reliable, but strong branded products cost accordingly. Manufacturing required item or DIY devices made from scrap materials are very popular among home craftsmen. The attic staircase is no exception.
Material for work
To assemble an analogue of a factory product, you will need quality materials, which may be available, especially during construction:
- Bar 50x50 (pine) 1st grade - 20 linear. m. The frame of the lid and opening will be made from it.
- Plywood 8-10 mm - 2 sq. m. Needed for covering the lid.
- Board 100x25-30 mm - 15 linear. m. Will go on steps and bowstrings.
- Steel strip 3-4x20 mm - for movable fastening of knees.
- Angle and plate 3-4 mm - for the main mechanical element.
- Bolts, nuts, washers, bolts M12-M14.
- Self-tapping screws.
Tool:
- Plotnitsky - saw, screwdriver, protractor.
- Locksmith - welding machine, electrodes 3-4, grinder.
- Workbench and clamps.
Operating procedure
First of all, you need to choose a place for the stairs and make an opening. If necessary, trim and install intermediate beams in the ceiling - 6-7 mm larger than the size of the intended cover. Next, according to the size of the hatch, you need to assemble the cover itself - from a block and plywood. The design can be arbitrary, but it must be reliable (it is better to glue the connections). The block on one of the short sides should be rounded so as not to interfere with the lid opening.
Assembling the hinge mechanism
This is the most critical element of the design. To make it you will need: a steel corner, a plate and strips with a thickness of at least 3 mm. The shape of the parts is clear from the diagram, but the dimensions of the drilling site should be determined individually, based on the local situation. Manufactured parts must be of high quality; they must be cleaned and edges processed.
1 - thrust plate; 2 - corner, top view; 3 - short slide; 4 - long drawstring
The key point is determining the opening angle. This angle is very important and figures into the production of the plate. In order to set it correctly, project the future march on the ground - stretch the thread and set it experimentally (by selecting the best position) desired angle. Securely attach it to the protractor - it will be needed when making steps.
The resulting angle must be transferred to the part, namely to the plate. To do this, set the mechanism to its original position, attach the inclinometer and move until the corners of the corner flange and the inclinometer coincide. Then mark the plate along the resulting trajectory and cut out the area where the part moves.
Holes should be pre-drilled in the plate for mounting to the beam. We assemble the mechanism with bolts and washers.
After rough assembly, you need to try the unit in place, attach it and accurately reproduce the procedure for opening and closing the hatch. If any movement defects are found, correct them.
Then you need to make a response mechanism. It should completely repeat the first one, but in a mirror form. Use clamps and a workbench - by clamping the parts together, you will achieve complete identical dimensions.
Make adjustments and final installation experimentally. Cover in open position should exactly follow the angle projected by the cord.
Manufacturing of sections
Calculation of the length of each section:
- 1st - opening length minus 10%
- 2nd - length of the first minus 10%
- 3rd - march length minus the sum of the first two
Let's assume that the flight length is 2500 mm. Based on the opening length of 1200 mm:
- 1st - 1080 mm
- 2nd - 972 mm
- 3rd - 448 mm
We mark the entire boards according to the calculation and transfer the angle of the march to the bowstrings.
Attention! Bowstrings must be installed in a mirror manner! Take this into account when marking and drilling.
At the joints of the sections we drill holes Ø 25 - mirror through one.
All parts must be processed with high quality sanding belt, chamfers must be rounded in order to bring the quality as close as possible to the factory one.
Then we cut grooves for the steps according to the markings. We select wood with a chisel.
The design of individual sections is assembled using 65 mm self-tapping screws with a press washer using D-3 wood glue.
The hinges for the knees can be made from the same strip as the opening mechanism. To do this, cut 4 strips of 160 mm and 4 of 120 mm, rounding the ends. We weld legs to four of them to a length of 160 mm with a hole of 8 mm. You should end up with 8 pieces of equal length, but 4 of them with a step.
Assemble the individual plates into hinges using bolts.
Assembly of sections and installation of stairs
Decompose into flat plane and install the finished sectional hinges so that the mounting bolts fit into the holes in the wood. Install the hinges with M8-10 bolts.
After assembling the first bend, check the system for functionality. If necessary, correct any distortions.
Then attach the lower short elbow and test the system.
Now all that remains is to mount the ladder in its designed position - on the manhole cover. For installation, use bolts (self-tapping screws are not reliable). If after installation and testing everything works without distortions, the structure can be dismantled for painting. Use varnishes and spray paint on metal.
Subsequently, the design can be complicated and made more convenient by adding to it:
- Additional hinges to eliminate play.
- A spring to support the structure to make opening easier.
- Locking lock.
- Handrails.
- Use decorative finishing and additional insulation.
Finished view of the staircase:
The issue of finishing and insulation is decided locally, based on needs. The lid can be finished with any material that fits into the ceiling. Basically it is plastic - lightweight, inexpensive and has an additional layer of air. The difference in price between the “home” and “store” versions of a folding ladder is about 90% (80-150 USD). The work required only a few new boards, covering them and hardware.
What is an attic? It is known that in our area the attic can become anything - a warehouse, a workshop or a living room.
It all depends on the capabilities of the room and your imagination, but one thing is certain - attic space need to be used. How to equip the entrance to the attic with your own hands?
Arrangement of the entrance to the attic
If you intend to equip a functional room in the attic, you need to think about choosing a place for the attic ladder. The attic staircase requires the presence of a hatch - a ceiling door.
It is most reasonable to equip a hatch with a ladder in the corridor, hallway or passage room. In many houses there are rooms that are not used as living rooms, where you can easily install a staircase to the attic.
In the old days, the entrance to the attic was arranged from the outside, but the prospect of climbing into such an attic on a frosty or rainy day would not please anyone.
The most extreme loft lifting mechanism would be several stools stacked together. But speaking in detail, to get there in a civilized manner you need a good attic ladder. She may be both stationary and folding, the latter are in great demand.
Folding options are compactly stacked on top after use, saving a lot of usable space. A beautifully decorated hatch can become a fresh element of the interior.
Manufacturers offer wooden options for small loads (up to 150 kg) and metal for more serious loads. Prices for such stairs vary from 7,000 rubles to the limit of the consumer's wallet. Choosing the most cheap option, you shouldn’t count on its quality, so isn’t it better to make a folding attic ladder with your own hands?
Let's look at some possible options homemade stairs , the simplest for a beginner and more difficult for those who are confident in their abilities. At your service is a description of materials, work and drawings of the proposed stairs.
A simple two-piece DIY staircase
This is the staircase that consists of two sections, one of which folds up. In the assembled version, the staircase is not hidden at the top, but remains in plain sight.
This may not be critical if the attic is in a workroom, garage, etc. Even in a hallway it may look quite appropriate, it all depends on the style of your home.
This staircase can be made in a few hours, you just need to prepare necessary materials:
- Wood saw.
- Measuring instruments(roulette).
- Ordinary wooden staircase.
- Card loops, the width of which is equal to the width of the stringer - 4 pcs.
- Four bars 2–3 cm thick: two as long as the width of the hatch and two 20 cm longer.
- Self-tapping screws, anchors, loop and hook.
Kosour is load-bearing beam stairs on which steps are laid.
There is no need to tell anyone how to make a ladder, but we will only note that its length should be approximately 30 cm greater than the distance from the floor to the hatch.
We take short bars:
- We connect the first block to the upper end of the stairs using loops.
- We securely fasten the second block to the bottom using a rigid method.
To make the structure more reliable, you need to take two slats and nail them with reverse side march obliquely. Just try to do this in such a way that the design did not interfere with movement on the stairs.
Measure exactly 2/3 of the entire length of the ladder from the bottom and cut it in this place. Next, connect these parts with card loops. The hinges are attached to the back of the ladder so that it can fold properly.
Secure the top bar directly under the hatch. The hook and loop is needed to ensure that the ladder does not open randomly. The hook is attached to the wall, and the loop is on the bottom bar.
The first attic staircase is simple, but it has the disadvantage of a visible staircase. There are other models shown in the photo - these are retractable, folding and telescopic.
Constructions attic stairs
DIY folding ladder on hinges
This is a folding attic ladder with a hatch, consisting of three sections, as well as an attic hatch. This option is very attractive for literally any room.
You will need to determine what the opening for the hatch will be, taking into account wishes and dimensions prospective visitors to the attic. For example, the opening for the stairs will be 125 x 70 cm.
In order to cut the hatch correctly, you need to add 7 mm on each side. Hatches for stairs to the attic should close well without damaging the thermal insulation.
Necessary materials:
- bars 5 x 5 cm - 2 short and 2 long;
- plywood 1 cm thick according to the size of the hatch.
At the ends of each block you need to make a cut to half the thickness, connecting glue and screws into a perfect rectangle. Using the means at hand to prevent the diagonal from moving out, you can attach temporary triangles made of thin plywood. Then we screw a sheet of plywood to the size of the rectangle.
Instead of locks we use door latch, any door handle or a cylinder of suitable shape. The latch holds the hatch closed well and opens easily. To conveniently open the hatch without using stepladders and stools, this handle needs to be specially made. You need to insert a long cylindrical handle into a special hole to open the hatch while standing on the floor.
Making hinges for opening the hatch
All components for the hatch opening mechanism can be purchased ready-made, or you can also make it yourself.
In order to do everything yourself, you need estimate dimensions and angles using a cardboard mockup. We make parts from cardboard; you can practice on them with the length of the hinges so that the hatch can open to the required angle. Based on the resulting model, we make a mechanism for opening the hatch.
The main thing is through experience determine the length of the hinges, since this type of attic ladder involves a hinged method. In the drawings you can see how the hinge is installed; the logic of its operation is very simple - it helps to smoothly open and close the hatch.
Necessary materials that can be found in every garage:
- Metal corner – 2 pcs.
- Sheet metal.
- Metal strips 2 cm wide – 4 pcs.
We take two narrow metal strips and use a drill to make holes for an M10 bolt. We assemble the parts together in pairs, slightly pulling them together. Using the measuring carpenter's tool Malka, measure the opening angle of the hatch and we move our mechanisms exactly to this angle.
Using a jigsaw, cut out the part of the metal that will overlap with the corner. We remove the excess length of the metal strips and round the ends. After processing and removing excess metal, we assemble the mechanism - now the corner will lock in a certain position. Both mechanisms for two sides exact copies of each other, but only mirrored.
Attic ladder fixation mechanism
The hinge mechanism is reliable, stopping the hatch with the ladder in the desired position thanks to the angle.
But for more reliability and smoothness To open the opening mechanism, you need to add another simple mechanism, similar to a hand.
For the “hand” you will need:
- Long strips of metal, 2 cm wide – 4 pcs.
- Corner - 2 pcs.
At the end of one of the strips you need to weld a metal part on which this strip will rest, and the corner will play role of supporting element. We make simple hinges that, when the hatch is open, will maintain the bending angle, while supporting part of the weight of the structure.
In order for the load to be distributed evenly between two different hinges, this unit must be secured correctly. Yes, him needs to be fixed with the first hinges fully deployed.
Installation of attic stairs
All that remains is to make the attic ladder itself; it should be 35 cm longer than the distance from the floor to the hatch.
The folding ladder will consist of three sections, the length of which it is important to calculate correctly. The first section is equal to the size of the hatch, the second section is slightly shorter than the first (it should not touch the ceiling when unfolded). The third section is equal to the remaining segment.
Materials for the stairs:
- Inch board 10 cm wide.
The angle of inclination of the hatch in the open position, which we previously measured with a small tool, is transferred to the board. That's how we mark the slope for the steps.
Let's start marking the string boards for the steps along the lengths of the sections according to the order described above. The boards must be pressed tightly, secured with masking tape and marked equally, making the slopes of the steps in a mirror image.
The sections will be fastened again with hinges, so you need drill a hole for the hinge bolt on each section using a 25-point pen. Using a router we give all the edges a finished, neat look. We cut the boards exactly according to the sectional markings.
Need steps cut to width and sand, like bowstrings. At the places where the steps are marked, you need to make 5 mm recesses for them. We assemble all the parts using glue and PSh screws.
Hinges for folding stairs
To assemble the structure into a folding mechanism, you need to make a set of hinges.
Necessary materials:
- Metal strips 2.5 cm wide – 8 pcs.
- Bolts for the hinge 8 mm and self-tapping screws.
In order for the loops to serve and not bend, four strips need additionally weld the segments the same metal (about 1/3). We make holes in each strip - 2 small ones for fastening to the bowstring (one at the bottom and one under the finished piece), and one large 8 mm for the hinge (at the top).
The hinges need to be secured when the ladder itself is lying on a flat surface. The hinge must be secured so that the hinge bolt lay down in the previously drilled hole, and the ends were along the edge of the bowstring. So secure all four loops.
Installation of stairs
We collect all the elements and install them in their places, and the first segment of the ladder is stationary and is needed attach with corners to the hatch cover.
We check the operation of the mechanism, if everything suits you, then we disassemble it again for processing. We varnish the wood metal primed and painted.
As you can see, there is nothing difficult in creating an attic staircase with your own hands, especially when photos of drawings are available on the Internet. You can make all the metal parts yourself, or it’s even easier to buy them ready-made. Then it’s a complete pleasure – all that remains is to assemble this construction set.
Any room in the house can and should be equipped in an optimal way for the people living there. This also applies to the attic. A do-it-yourself attic staircase is an excellent example. correct use space and forces for organizing space indoors.
The ascent to the attic includes the ladder itself, a special hatch for penetration and a system of levers for fixing the installed span. A do-it-yourself attic staircase allows you to save money and provide excellent quality construction.
Classic look retractable ladder to the attic
There are plenty of options on how to make a staircase to the attic. So the choice is up to you optimal solution and its implementation.
Staircase manufacturing, installation and testing are the main stages of work. But without design and calculation of the future structure, construction will be complicated, and the quality may not meet expectations.
The beginning of work is the creation of a hatch leading to the top. A DIY attic ladder is a great approach if you have sufficient knowledge and skills. The right choice The location of the hatch, its precise construction and the hardware for the staircase serve as the basis for the entire project.
You have 2 options: use a ready-made hatch or make it yourself. The size of the hole should be comfortable for climbing, so as not to touch the ceiling and slings with your head. The location should not be crossed by beams or load-bearing elements. The hatch must be additionally insulated, because the integrity of the structure is compromised and this can lead to heat loss.
If you decide to make an attic staircase with your own hands, then you should understand that this is not just a classic path on top floor. The attic staircase has its own characteristics and requires a special approach.
Manufacturing a hatch for an attic staircase includes the following work:
- Development of drawings
- Accounting and detailed analysis of the thickness of all structural elements and hatch dimensions.
- Selection of necessary materials and tools.
- Forming an opening where there will be a folding ladder or other option for climbing into the attic.
- Assembling the hatch frame and securely fixing all elements.
- Making a cover from leftover floor coverings.
- Decoration and complex of insulation works.
As a result, you get an equipped hatch that can be easily closed for a while.
hatch in closed position practically does not stand out against the background of the ceiling
DIY folding ladder to the attic
In most cases, the design of the stairs to the attic appears this way. An attic ladder that can be folded freely looks convenient and practical, saving space without sacrificing functionality.
Making this type of staircase yourself is quite complex and time-consuming, but proper preparation And step by step execution quite feasible. To make a folding attic ladder, you will need the following tools:
- Hacksaw
- Polyurethane foam
- Screwdriver (preferably electric)
- Screwdriver
- Anchor bolts
- Self-tapping screws of different diameters
- Loops for fastening
- Roulette.
Before starting the production of an attic ladder, you should make sure that you have an extension ladder, which will serve as the basis for work. A folding ladder can be made in just 1 day, if you have all the materials and tools.
This design option is objectively the most popular, for which there are reasons:
- A folding ladder can significantly save space.
- The element folds easily and is extremely simple to use.
- Harmonious fit into any interior.
- Fast production speed.
- High strength and long service life.
If you manage to make a folding staircase exactly with the planned dimensions, you will get a spectacular and effective element in home improvement.
Standard sizes
Although the attic ladder is made by hand, there are certain established dimensions that are recommended to be followed. They are selected and laid out at the design stage, and during the manufacturing process they serve as the starting point for all actions. Below is a list of sizes that can be used:
- With a staircase height of 290 cm: 60x90, 60x120 or 70x120 cm.
- Height 280 cm: 60x120 and 70x120 cm.
- Height up to 280 cm: 60x120, 70x120 and 70x130 cm.
This accepted procedure numbers In any case, you choose the final parameters yourself, solely based on personal preferences and understanding of the ease of use of the design.
Drawing
Here is a set of diverse ladders with detailed drawings for work.
The manufacturing process step by step with photo illustrations and detailed descriptions
When making stairs for the attic, it is important to follow the stages of the work in order to get optimal result. For this we offer you universal instructions(Attention: some changes and adjustments are allowed for a specific case).
- Drawing development. Not required here high accuracy and correctness of design. The main thing is that your document is understandable to you personally and contains precisely calculated and verified parameters.
- Preparatory work. This important and extensive stage includes the selection of a complete set of tools and materials that will be required to complete the work. Already at this stage, a drawing will help you a lot, because you will clearly imagine what the staircase will look like, which means you can easily draw up full list everything you need.
- Manufacturing of the support frame. Based on the standard and selected size of the hatch, you form the frames, carefully adjusting all the corners and cleaning individual areas.
Installed frame and mounted hatch in open position
- The frame is installed in the working position and secured with bolts and inserts. The opening fits exactly.
- After installing the frame, the hatch cover is inserted into the body.
- Grooves for stairs are made on the guides.
- The ends of the support beams should be cut at an angle that will optimally match the floor when the stairs are opened.
- The sawn and polished steps are carefully installed in the groove and secured with self-tapping screws.
Installation of steps on bases
- All elements (staircase segments) are assembled into a single structure. Metal hinges are used to secure all parts.
Metal loops for connecting structural elements
- The ladder assembled on the floor is installed in its working position and attached to the hatch frame.
- Be sure to carefully check how the design you created works. To do this, perform the full set of opening/closing movements several times.
Staircase of several sections in assembled condition
See how you can make a staircase to the attic with a visual example
Attic ladder mechanism with hatch - hinged without spring
The design of the hatch opening mechanism is one of the key elements when designing a staircase. You can purchase a ready-to-install mechanism at any department store. If you do not want to purchase such parts, you can make it yourself.
For the manufacture of simple option opening system, you will need the following set of parts and tools: a corner, a metal sheet (a small piece), 2 strips with different lengths of the blade, bolts for fastening, drills, a jigsaw, cleats and clamps.
The manufacture of the mechanism for the stairs is as follows:
- Drawing up a drawing with a detailed description of the elements. Be sure to calculate the angle of contact and the angle of inclination of the lid when opening.
- Make a design of the mechanism from cardboard in order to accurately calculate the size of the hinge.
- Take metal strips and mark holes on them. The hinges will be installed here. The size of the hole is determined by the size of the M10 bolt.
- The strips are assembled together into a single structure and tightened, but not too much.
- The exact angle is determined using a small marker.
- Extend the mechanism being created to the set angle.
- On metal sheet mark the part that will overlap when the hatch is open.
- Using a jigsaw, cut this section.
- Stripes must be presentable appearance, for which they are carefully cleaned and rounded. The processing of all elements is very important, because it is this that ensures that all elements match exactly and fit optimally. No friction between parts should be allowed.
- To make the second part of the mechanism, we recommend using clamps. To ensure accuracy of dimensions, it is enough to securely fasten finished item and source.
- You can also use clamps to achieve precise hole placement.
- Once the bolt holes are created, the bolt is placed into the finished hole.
- The blanks are twisted with two bolts and aligned along their length.
Your task is to make 2 identical mechanisms. Completely finished opening mechanisms are installed on the hatch. Be sure to re-fit the hatch with the mechanisms to the opening - make sure there are no gaps or areas where the elements come into contact.
Adjusting the structure in this area is possible and is not difficult, so pay attention to this.
The hinge is easy to use and allows you to use the ladder comfortably.
Stair options
Attic stairs can have several types. The ability to choose allows you to optimally equip any room depending on your personal wishes and needs.
— folding ladder on hinges
A fairly common format for making stairs. The project consists of 3 sections that are connected into a single structure. This format is suitable for equipping stairs in any room. Hinges for an opening hatch can be purchased ready-made and installed in the shortest possible time.
Folding ladder on hinges
- simple wooden staircase
This option is more attractive and is a definite upgrade of the previous design. To make it, it is enough to cut a standard ladder into 3 sections. The smallest one should be the size of the hatch, the second one should be larger, and the third one should completely cover the remaining distance to the floor. Make grooves on and install steps into them. Be sure to finish all corners and surfaces accurately.
- two-piece folding ladder
An attic ladder option that is suitable for small height premises or a type of simplified design.
Folding ladder
- sliding attic ladder - retractable flights to the attic
A ladder with large retractable sections that can be pulled out and simultaneously cover the distance to the hatch. Requires precise fitting of elements and sufficient space.
Sliding staircase
- do-it-yourself staircase to the attic from the street
An attic staircase can have an unlimited number of design options - below you can admire the completed projects.
Stairs from the street
Photo gallery of attic stairs
Today you can find a large number of attic staircase designs online. Anyone can make them with their own hands, so you shouldn’t be afraid - you just need to prepare well and do it.
Do-it-yourself staircase to the attic is great way make your home more comfortable and make trips to the attic a real pleasure. The design has a small set of technical difficulties - therefore the product is often made by hand. Basic rules for those who decided to make an attic staircase themselves:
- Carefully draw up a drawing based on the obtained dimensions and personal wishes.
- Choose the best quality tools and materials.
- Inspect everything carefully connecting elements and connecting parts.
- Check the staircase elements more often to prevent defects and eliminate them in a timely manner.
The staircase for climbing to the attic is easy to decorate and fits perfectly into the style of any room. Comfortable handles and reliable fixation forms perfect option climbing to the top, which is an excellent alternative to a standard fixed ladder.
Climbing into the attic or attic can be made very convenient. The most suitable option for this would be attic folding stairs, which combine compactness with practicality.
Peculiarities
The main feature of folding staircase structures is their compactness. It is thanks to it that you can free up maximum space, which is often so lacking. Most of the time it is folded and does not interfere with movement at all, preserving the beauty of the interior.
Modern stairs to the attic look even more attractive when unfolded. They can easily transform any space, making it more interesting. With all this, folding stairs cope with their main functions perfectly.
Folding ladders are made from various materials and have many subspecies, which allows you to easily choose the most suitable option. Moreover, all models of stairs are easy to use. Modern attic ladders are very easy to reach and secure in the desired position.
Retractable ones are especially popular staircase structures in private homes where constant access to the attic is a necessity. They are much more convenient than stepladders or transformers, which need to be carried and installed, which is very difficult.
Another feature of the attic structure is that it is easy to make yourself. Moreover, even an old wooden staircase can be turned into a comfortable attic.
Advantages and disadvantages
There are a lot of advantages to folding stairs to the attic, so first of all It is worth highlighting the main or brightest of them:
- The compactness of folding staircase structures is one of their main advantages. Moreover, such stairs can take up a minimum of space in any form: folded and unfolded.
- The ease of use of a folding ladder is undeniable. It literally “invisibly” waits for the hour of use. Then in a matter of seconds it can be unfolded and used for its intended purpose. At the same time, convenience and safety can be increased with the help of railings or overlays on metal steps.
- The lightness of the staircase structure is a huge plus, because sometimes a fragile girl needs to cope with it. This advantage significantly increases the popularity of folding models, which are much lighter compared to other ladder options.
- Ease of use is another advantage. It is enough to simply pull it out from under the hatch using special mechanisms, and then just as easily push it back. Installing or completely removing the folding structure is also easy. The steps are so simple that even those who have not done anything similar can do them.
- The invisibility of the folding structure when not needed can also be considered one of its main advantages. After all, most stairs are bulky and immediately catch the eye, often disrupting the beauty of the space.
- The attractive price is another advantage. Even completely ready-made systems are inexpensive.
Of course, like any other ladder, a folding one has some disadvantages:
A large angle of inclination of a folding ladder is not always convenient, especially if you need to lift quite heavy or large things along it. They are also not suitable if you often have to go up and down into the attic.
The load capacity of folding stairs often does not exceed 150-200 kilograms.
Difficulties self-made some types of attic structures are due to complex and very precise calculations, as well as mandatory presence special tools.
Kinds
Retractable structures can be divided into types or models depending on the type of device, their appearance or the material from which they are made. For example, the type of devices allows us to distinguish the following types:
- folding;
- folding (leg);
- sliding (telescopic, sectional).
It is partly clear from the name that these types of transformers differ in the layout principle. To better understand them, it is worth considering the features of each of these types.
Folding is the most interesting option. This design includes several sections at once, which, when opened, gradually extend to the floor. The movement is carried out due to special hinges and hinges. Card loops on the side allow you to securely fix the structure on the wall when folded. When the staircase is unfolded, its appearance resembles a regular staircase due to its inclination angle of 45 degrees.
Among the disadvantages of the folding design, one should highlight its massiveness, not very attractive appearance and the need for a considerable amount of free space for layout.
The folding design has earned its popularity due to its compact size when folded. The most striking model of such a staircase was the scissor staircase, which is also called an “accordion”. Just by the name, the principle of operation of such a staircase becomes clear. When folded it looks like a block small size, and when unfolded, it unfolds like an accordion. This design unfolds very simply, you just have to pull the bottom step towards you.
The only disadvantage of the model is the unreliability of the interblock fastenings. Scissor models of folding stairs require careful handling and regular lubrication of the mechanisms located between the segments.
Among modern models There are even automatic folding scissor structures that are very convenient to use. No physical effort is required to pull them out.
Sliding transformable structures represent several flights of stairs, stacked or superimposed on one another. Among their advantages, it is worth noting the minimum storage space and low cost compared to other types. Convenience sliding structures is also due to the flat steps on which the foot becomes stable without slipping
Sliding stairs are divided into two types:
- Telescopic. Telescopic structures are characterized by the extension of sections, like a nesting doll. It turns out that in tubes with a larger diameter, smaller tubes are attached, and in them even smaller ones. The folded state of the structure is held in place by clamps located on the outside metal beams. To fold the structure, it will be enough just to loosen the latch. This design is extremely simple to unfold. The disadvantage of this model can be considered problems that arise with the clamps over time. Often the metal fasteners jam, and the structure no longer straightens easily.
- Sectional. They are somewhat similar to scissor ladders, but in them the segments are stacked on top of each other rather than pressed together. During the unfolding process, the sections are straightened and then fixed in a certain position. The number of sections in such a staircase can be two or even three. This type of staircase requires a stable platform to rest on the floor.
Materials
The materials from which folding stairs are made play a significant role. After all, they must provide staircases with strength, make them light and at the same time inexpensive. If we adequately consider all these important parameters, then it becomes clear that best materials for attic stairs - wood and metal.
Wooden stairs mainly made from trees coniferous species, for example, pine trees. Their advantages are reliability and low cost. Moreover, such stairs are not difficult to manufacture and assemble independently. Another advantage of such stairs is that they give the interior a special rustic flair.
The disadvantages of wooden attic stairs are due to their massiveness, short service life and low load capacity (up to 100 kilograms).
It is worth considering that wooden models still have metal parts. This means they will require additional care, such as regular lubrication.
Folding and sectional types of stairs are most often made from wood.
Metal folding stairs are much more common among modern models. Moreover, stairs made of steel or aluminum are absolutely in no way inferior to their wooden counterparts. Price metal stairs not much higher, and the load capacity reaches 200 kilograms. At the same time, such stairs are distinguished by high strength, durability, and high resistance to mechanical stress. Aluminum stairs have another additional advantage in the form of light weight.
The only disadvantage of metal stairs is the difficulty of making them yourself. This is due to the fact that such work requires welding equipment and appropriate knowledge and skills.
Prominent representatives of metal attic ladders include telescopic and scissor ladders. Moreover, telescopic ones are most often made of aluminum.
Combined models, made simultaneously from wood and metal, are often found and have advantages characteristic of both of these materials.
Dimensions
Regardless of the type of staircase in design or material, it should be as comfortable as possible and at the same time completely safe. When choosing an attic staircase or designing it, it is worth considering a number of parameters:
- The flight of stairs should be optimal width, equal to 60 - 70 centimeters.
- The structure should have an inclination angle varying from 45 to 75 degrees.
- The number of steps on the attic stairs should be optimal. It is best if there are about fifteen of them.
- The thickness of the steps is 2 centimeters and is considered the most convenient and suitable for a folding staircase structure.
- The steps of the stairs should be located along the entire span at the same distance from each other (within 17-22 centimeters).
- The horizontal part of the step must be at least 20 centimeters. This will provide additional convenience when using the stairs frequently.
- The dimensions of the staircase hatch should be slightly larger than the opening in order to cover it.
How to choose?
When choosing a staircase to the attic, the first thing to start with is to decide where exactly it will be located and measure the dimensions of the hatch.
The height of the room is very important when choosing stairs. In a three-meter room, a staircase 250 centimeters high is unlikely to be useful. It should be borne in mind that a structure designed for a large height can often be shortened if the height of the room is lower. To do this, it is enough to dismantle one or several last steps.
However, it is advisable that attic stair structures do not exceed a height of three meters so that the risk of injury does not increase.
When determining the size and location of the opening, you should Special attention also pay attention to the overlap. An obstacle to installing a ladder in a certain place may, for example, be reinforced concrete slab or wooden beam. If the overlap allows, then it is definitely better to give preference to models with a large hatch. They will have wider steps and a less steep climb.
The dimensions of the hatch are indicated in the passport for the finished product. IN this document also indicated maximum distance, by which it flies outside the hatch when it opens and closes. This characteristic is especially important when placing stairs in small spaces.
When choosing a folding staircase made of metal, it is recommended to choose models with anti-slip pads on the steps. All details metal structures It is worth checking for corrosion protection, that is, they must be galvanized.
Wooden attic staircases should be installed in areas that are not too dry or wet areas. This precaution will extend their service life. When inspecting a wooden structure, it is worth checking its integrity, dryness and absence of knots. It would be useful to clarify what protective mixtures the wood was treated with and what finishing coat used (most often paint or varnish).
Among modern models, you can choose both mechanical ones, which need to be unfolded by hand, and automatic ones with an electric drive.
When choosing, be sure to check the reliability of fasteners and mechanisms. Having finally decided on a certain model, you should learn the features of caring for it so that the entire structure remains in order for a long time.
When building a house, many people include an attic in the layout. Naturally, you can’t do without a ladder. In order to make the descent and ascent as comfortable as possible for all inhabitants of the house, we suggest studying all the nuances of this design and the requirements for its construction. Creating an attic staircase with your own hands is not a difficult task; all you need is to have all the necessary materials, drawings, tools and allocate some free time.
Options for folding stairs to the attic
Stationary design (flight or screw) .
Built for permanent use. Reliable, safe, convenient, but takes up enough space.
Folding with hatch. Installed at the entrance to the attic hatch. It is compact, but has less reliability and safety compared to the previous one. Depending on the type of design, it can be folding, scissor telescopic or lever.
- Scissor - most often completely metal. The folding mechanism resembles an accordion. In the process of caring for the structure, lubrication is necessary, otherwise creaking cannot be avoided over time.
- Telescopic– usually aluminum, quite light and rigid. When unfolding, the sections of the ladder slide out from one another.
- Folding (lever)– two-, three- or four-section design. The first part is attached to the hatch opening and is equal to its dimensions. The remaining sections, connected by hinges and hinges, are folded out into a flight of stairs.
- Folding – when assembled it is fixed on the wall. Card loops are used to attach the steps to the string.
Attached (ladder). The least safe and extremely inconvenient for daily use.
Requirements for attic stairs
- Safety. The design must be reliable and durable. This applies to both the material used and the fasteners. In some cases, anti-slip pads for steps are recommended.
- Stair parameters. For comfortable use, steps with dimensions of 70 cm (width) x 30 cm (depth) x 20 cm (height) are considered optimal. From the point of view of safety and reliability, the total length of the entire structure should not exceed 3 m. The recommended tilt angle is 45°. Although options from 60 to 70° are possible. The classic design has 10 - 15 steps about 2 cm thick. The surface of the steps must be parallel to the floor. The structure must be able to withstand a load of at least 150 kg.
- Hatch dimensions. Most best option– 120 x 70 cm. If you make it smaller, it will be inconvenient to use, larger size the opening will contribute to very significant heat loss. If there is no heating in the attic, you can provide heat and vapor barrier for the hatch.
Location of the stairs
Stairs to the attic can be external or internal. The latter, of course, are much more convenient; you can go up to the attic without leaving your home. The structures are usually located in the corridor or hall. It should be placed in such a way as not to interfere with the free movement of the residents of the house. It is important to remember that the area it occupies when unfolded is inversely related to the angle of inclination. The smaller it is, the more space required.
Manufacturing and installation of a folding ladder with a hatch to the attic
Building a folding attic ladder with your own hands is not difficult; you just need to follow the instructions below.
Let's look at ways to make different types of folding attic stairs.
Simple two-section ladder
By custom sizes We make a simple extension ladder.
Next, the finished flight of stairs is sawn into two unequal parts (1/3 and 2/3). They are fastened together with card loops, and the structure takes on a folding appearance. It is attached to the wall under the hatch wooden beam. Using hinges, the staircase structure is secured to it.
In order not to open, the ladder is fixed to the wall using a hook, the loop of which is located at the point where the sections are connected.
The main disadvantage of such a ladder is that it cannot be hidden in a hatch. If it is important for the owners that the structure does not spoil the appearance, you can make a three-section staircase.
Staircase of three sections
The finished design will look like this.
First of all, the hatch cover is made. We cut out a blank from a plywood sheet 10 mm thick. In size it should be 8 mm larger than the hatch itself along the entire perimeter. With such an allowance, the lid will close freely, maintaining its thermal insulation properties.
To make the hatch frame, we need 4 beams, equal in size to the length and width of the lid (section 5 x 5 cm). Cuts 2.5 cm deep are made at their ends, and they are coated with glue. The bars are fastened with self-tapping screws. To ensure that the diagonals are perfectly even, you can use temporary scarves made of thin plywood sheets. When the frame is ready, the gussets are removed and the cut-out blank of the hatch cover is fixed on it using self-tapping screws.
The next stage is the manufacture of the staircase mechanism itself. This is a version with hinges without a spring. The entire set of parts for it can be purchased at the store, but we will tell you how you can make it yourself.
First, on sheets of cardboard, you should recreate the drawing of the planned staircase, taking into account the opening angle of the hatch. We try on the cut out model on site. This will help us determine the required length of the hinges.
To make one mechanism we need metal elements: rectangle, 2 stripes different sizes, corner. We drill holes for hinges for bolts No. 10. We assemble and tighten the parts. Using a small tool, we measure the angle at which the hatch will open and open the structure to the desired angle. On the rectangle, select the area overlapped by the resulting angle and cut it out with a jigsaw.
We cut off the excess from the metal strips and round them at the ends. Now the corner can be locked in the required position.
Next, we make a similar element in a mirror version. To do this, each pair of parts is secured to clamps. A hole is drilled into which the bolt is inserted. Next, a second hole is drilled. The blanks are twisted with two bolts and aligned in length. All elements are created in this way.
The resulting mechanisms are mounted to the lid. The manufactured structure is hung on the hatch.
Now let's start making the sections. Their dimensions will be: the first - 90% of the length of the hatch, the second - 90% of the length of the first, the third - the length of the flight of stairs minus the lengths of the first two.
We need 15 linear meters. m. boards (10 x 3 cm). We mark them according to the calculations, and the angle of the march is transferred to the bowstrings. Bowstrings are mounted in a mirror manner; this must be taken into account when marking and drilling. Holes are made at the connecting points of the staircase parts - in a mirror image through one.
According to the calculated sizes of the sections, we cut the boards into strings. Using a file, we process the holes. Cut out the steps. All elements are polished, chamfers are rounded. Next, using a chisel, according to the marked marks, we cut out grooves for the steps.
Each part of the structure is tightened with self-tapping screws using wood glue.
We make loops from metal strips 2 cm wide. We should get four strips 16 cm long and four 12 cm long. The legs are welded to the short ones, in which a 0.8 cm hole is pre-drilled. The length of the short strips with legs should be equal to the long ones. Now we have eight elements of equal length, four of them have a step. We tighten the mechanisms with bolts.
Now we carry out the general assembly flight of stairs on manufactured hinges.
We do not recommend using self-tapping screws to attach the structure to the hatch cover. For this we need bolts - they are more reliable. Having completed the assembly, we conduct a test. If everything worked out and there is no need to adjust the mechanism, remove the ladder to paint it. For processing, varnish and spray paint on metal.
