Warm gypsum plaster for interior work. Insulation of walls from the inside with warm plaster. Mechanized method of plastering walls

A good owner, when planning the construction or renovation of his home, is obliged to think through everything to the smallest detail. In a series of issues to be resolved, one of the most important is always insulation - comfortable conditions for people should be created in the house, and finishing - everyone wants to live in an aesthetic environment. Practice shows that very often these problems overlap, and a number of technological operations aims to simultaneously resolve both sides of the issue.

One of the materials that meets such a comprehensive concept of “insulation + finishing” is warm plaster for interior work. By applying it to the walls, the master levels them and, with correct thermal engineering calculations, at the same time gives them the required degree of thermal insulation.

This publication will be structured as follows:

Anyone who has experience in construction finishing works, can immediately calculate the required thickness of warm plaster to ensure effective thermal insulation, and then the amount of material that will be required for these purposes. To do this, two convenient calculators are located at the beginning of the article.
Beginners are advised to first familiarize themselves with the theory: the purpose and composition of warm plasters various types, with the principles of carrying out the necessary calculations, with a brief overview popular brands. After this, it will be easy to return to calculators and competently make calculations.

Calculators for calculating warm plaster

Calculator for calculating the required thickness of a warm plaster layer

The meaning of the calculation is that the enclosing structure (including, in fact, the main wall itself and layers of insulation) must have a total heat transfer resistance no lower than that established regulatory documents(SNiP) for a given region in accordance with its climatic characteristics.

warm plaster

The value of the normalized heat transfer resistance (R) can be taken from the diagram below:

Main wall parameters. To be finished warm plaster, include the material of its manufacture and thickness in millimeters.
Warm plaster is extremely rarely used as the main insulation, and more often becomes an addition to the main layer. It is necessary to enter the parameters of this layer: thickness and type of insulation material.

Warm plaster for interior work is very unusual and new for many construction finishing material, which appeared relatively recently on the domestic market. Accordingly, it is quite logical to consider the question of what kind of building mixtures these are - warm plasters - and how to use them.

Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster for interior work is a dry mixture based on ordinary cement. The difference from the classic solution is the absence of sand in the composition. It can be replaced by any other components:

Perlite sand.
Expanded clay chips.
Powder obtained from pumice.
Expanded polystyrene granules and other materials.

Varieties of warm plaster

There are several types of warm plaster. Construction mixtures differ in composition, area of application, application method and technical and operational characteristics.

The following three are among the most popular:

Warm plaster with expanded vermiculite

Expanded vermiculite is a lightweight mineral aggregate obtained by heat treatment of vermiculite rock. Warm plaster with the addition of such a component is used mainly for outdoor work. Despite this, it can also be used for interior decoration - it is a universal building material. The advantages of vermiculite warm plaster include excellent antiseptic properties.

Sawdust plaster

Warm plaster for interior work, which is especially popular and is not intended for exterior finishing- the so-called sawdust mixture. It consists of sawdust, particles of cement, clay and often paper. Actually, it is for this reason that it is not used for outdoor work.

This mixture is ideal for application to wood and brick surfaces. The applied layers of plaster should dry only if the room is well ventilated. Complete drying takes about two weeks. IN indoors Fungus and mold may develop on the surface of the plaster.

Plaster with polystyrene foam granules

Another good type of plaster is a mixture with the addition. Its composition, in addition, includes cement, lime, various additives and fillers. It is used mainly for external finishing work, but it can also be used for internal ones.

Plaster with polystyrene foam granules is the most common, unlike the other two types.

Area of application of warm plaster

Today, dry mixtures of this type are used in the following areas:

Finishing of buildings and their thermal insulation.
Additional insulation and sound insulation of external and internal walls of buildings.
When using well masonry, insulate the walls.
Insulation of sewer drains, hot and cold water supply risers.
Insulation of window blocks and slopes in places where they adjoin the walls.
As a thermal insulator and soundproofing material during interior finishing work.
Experts advise using warm plaster as a material for insulating floors and ceilings.

Advantages of warm plaster

Quick application of plaster - in a day of work you can cover a surface of 110-170 square meters. m.
Does not require use reinforcing mesh.
There is no need to level the walls if warm plaster is used for interior work.
The mixture has excellent adhesion to any type of surface.
There is no risk of occurrence since there are no metal bonds.

Flaws

The mixture does not belong to the category of finishing coatings and requires the application of not only a primer, but also a layer of decorative plaster.
Unlike cotton wool or polystyrene foam, the thickness of the insulation warm composition several times more.
Plaster is not used very economically - the price for it, by the way, is not that low.

Where should you use warm plaster?

Based on all the pros and cons of this dry mixture, it is best to use it for the following work:

Sealing joints and cracks in ceilings and walls of buildings.
For interior work in case additional insulation, for example, when it is impossible to carry out insulation procedures on the outside of the building, a cladding is installed that will deteriorate when disassembled.
Finishing window slopes.
Basement insulation.

Warm plaster application technology

Before applying a dry mixture of this type, the base is prepared in the same way as before application ordinary plaster on a cement base. Residues of other materials, dust and dirt are carefully removed. If necessary, the surface can be processed special compounds or a primer to strengthen and improve adhesion.

An important requirement is that before starting work on applying plaster, the base must be thoroughly moistened with water.

Sequencing:

The dry mixture is poured into a container prepared in advance with a volume of at least 50 liters.
Added pure water in the quantity indicated on the plaster packaging.
Using a construction mixer, the mass is mixed.
Lifespan ready mixture is 120 minutes.

Checking the consistency of the resulting mixture is very simple - a small amount of The solution is collected on a trowel, after which the tool is turned over. A well-kneaded mixture should not fall off it. Ready-made plaster can be applied either manually or by machine.

Warm plaster is applied to the surface of the base using special construction tools in several layers, and the layer thickness should not exceed 2 cm.
Each subsequent layer is applied 4 hours after the previous one.
Drying time for each layer may vary depending on air humidity levels.
Warm plaster is applied using upward movements.
The applied layer is checked three to four weeks after all work has been completed.
The full strength of the plaster occurs within one to two months.

Mistakes when applying warm plaster

When carrying out interior finishing work using warm plaster, certain mistakes can often be made, especially if they are not carried out by specialists. As a result, peeling, cracks may appear, or the geometry of the entire room may change due to the applied layer being too thick.

The quality is checked quite simply: to do this, a rule strip is applied to the surface. If there are gaps between the tool and the wall, there are geometry violations.

When applying plaster, the most important thing is not to allow deviations from the vertical or horizontal by more than 3 mm.

Dry mixture consumption

Plaster is consumed (the price varies between 200-900 rubles per package) depending on the thickness of the layer: on square meter the base takes about 10-15 kilograms.

If the work is carried out by specialists, you will have to pay about $15 extra for their services, not counting the cost of the materials and tools themselves.

Plaster layer thickness

Depending on the thickness of the walls, the material from which they are made, and the climatic zone in which the building is located, the size of the layer of finishing composition also varies. According to standard calculations, 51 cm can be insulated by applying a layer of plaster 8-10 cm thick. Of course, such a consumption of the mixture is simply huge and irrational, so it is best to use it as additional material. Unlike classic brick, aerated concrete or ceramic blocks require a much smaller layer of plaster.

The standard material thickness recommended by manufacturers is from 2 to 5 cm. Calculate required amount The mixture is quite simple, in addition, it is supplied in separate packages weighing 7-10 kilograms. Standard quantity As a rule, there is enough plaster to apply a layer of 2-2.5 cm per square meter of surface.

Plaster "Knauf"

Dry mixture "Knauf" is a very expensive finishing material that has good thermal insulation and water-repellent properties. Safe insulation, easy to apply to prepared substrate. Its advantages include vapor permeability, weather resistance, absolute environmental friendliness and additional surface insulation.

Plaster "Knauf" - best option for carrying out interior finishing work.

Both old and modern houses do not have a high degree of thermal insulation. The reason for this is thin walls made of brick and reinforced concrete. These materials conduct heat quite well.

Over time, additional troubles are added to this - cracks in the walls, destruction of finishing and sealing of joints between panel slabs.

The rising cost of utility bills forces residents of both private and apartment building think about changing the situation for the better.

The condition of the walls of the house is of no small importance for creating and maintaining a comfortable microclimate during interior spaces. The walls must retain heat, be airtight and vapor permeable. House facades can be insulated both inside and outside.

External insulation is the most popular, since it does not involve reducing the internal usable area premises. Exist various options carrying out insulation of facades.

One of the ways of effective and inexpensive thermal insulation is the use of special building mixtures. This is the so-called warm plaster.

Material properties

Warm plaster is a dry mixture consisting of hollow material, cement, glue and various plasticizers. The majority of the volume of the mixture is occupied by the hollow material. Due to this, thermal insulation is achieved.

As a rule, tiny granules of polystyrene foam or foam glass are used as hollow filler.

Adding plasticizers allows frozen solution maintain a certain elasticity, which prevents cracking of the surface during severe frost or deformation of the wall.

Polymers provide mechanical strength finished coating. With their help, the solution reliably adheres to the surface.

Cement is the binding ingredient for components mixtures.

Frost-resistant plaster of this type has the following positive properties:

affordable price;
vapor permeability;
low thermal conductivity;
waterproof;
strength;
resistance to wall deformation;
high degree of sound insulation;
non-flammability;
immunity to mold;
environmental cleanliness;
long service life;
resistance to high and low temperatures;
high adhesion to all materials;
low specific gravity;
high surface processing speed;
no need for additional finishing.

Facade plaster after application to the surface has a presentable appearance. In terms of thermal insulation properties, it successfully replaces coatings made from foam plastic boards.

Warm facade plaster has certain advantages over other insulation materials.

These include the following:

Frost-resistant facade plaster, after application to the wall, creates a single monolithic layer. The absence of joints can significantly improve the insulating qualities.
The work of applying the solution is carried out in one stage. This allows the solution to be applied to the surface in one working day. This factor significantly reduces the cost of work.
No cold bridges. When treating walls with warm plaster, no fastening material is used, through which the cold passes to the main walls.
The simplicity of the technology makes it possible to carry out work on one’s own, without the involvement of hired workers
During surface insulation, deep drilling of the wall surface is not carried out. This allows you to prevent weakening of the structure of concrete panels and their destruction from vibration.
There is no need to level surfaces before applying the solution. Defects are eliminated immediately by applying plaster, which is an excellent filler for cracks and holes.
A unique opportunity to carry out insulation, restoration and insulation work on complex surfaces. Due to its ability to adhere to any material and retain its shape, any convex or concave surface can be covered with a solution of warm plaster.
Frost-resistant facade plaster has a composition that prevents the appearance and proliferation of insects, bacteria and fungi. Mold will never appear in such a coating, a colony of ants or a swarm of bees will never settle.
The environmental friendliness of the material allows it to be applied to walls glazed balconies. This is much faster and cheaper than traditional insulation using lathing, glass wool and MDF panels.
There is no need to sand the finished surface after drying. It looks like a rather fashionable and practical covering for a “fur coat”.

Insulating houses with this type of plaster is quite simple process, not requiring use high technology. At its core, this is a common job of plastering external walls.

The building materials market offers different kinds mixtures for insulating houses. For external works The most suitable is a frost-resistant mixture based on foam glass or expanded polystyrene filler.

Tools and materials

To carry out work on insulating houses, goats are used, scaffolding or climbing equipment. Scaffolding and sawhorses can be rented. It will be more difficult with climbing equipment, since it requires special skills.

For quality work The following materials are needed:

Warm plaster. Frost-resistant facade plaster is sold in bags weighing 12 kg and 25 kg. Average mixture consumption per 1 sq. m of base, with a layer thickness of 40 mm, is about 15 kg. As a rule, such a layer is sufficient to achieve the set goal of insulation and waterproofing.
Liquid primer. Purchased in quantities required for high-quality processing grounds. Material consumption for all types of surfaces is indicated on the packaging.
Self-tapping screws and dowels for installing beacons. Purchased at the rate of 6 sets per 1 sq. m.
Reinforcement mesh. Necessary to strengthen the material when applying two layers with a total thickness of more than 40 mm. The grid area should be 30% more area base, taking into account its overlap.

To insulate facades, there are enough tools that are found in almost every home.

The list of such tools and devices is quite small:

hammer drill with a set of concrete drills and a mixer;
hammer;
screwdriver;
steel spatulas 10 cm and 50 cm;
notched spatula 40-50 cm;
building level;
paint brush;
paint roller;
roller made of dense material;
plaster rule;
safety glasses and gloves;
container for mixing the solution (at least 30 l);
buckets for solution;
rope for lifting buckets.

In stores you can inquire about the availability of rental construction equipment. Such specific devices as a plaster rule, trestles or scaffolding may subsequently not be needed for decades, and will take up quite a lot of space.

Preparatory work

Before insulating a house, it is necessary to prepare the wall surface.

This process includes the following actions:

removal of protruding fragments of reinforcement, brick and concrete;
cleaning the surface from unstable old coating, paint and bitumen;
clearing interpanel joints from stone chips and old insulating material;
sealing large cracks and holes with façade sealant;
degreasing and removing dust from the base for insulation;
treating the base with a liquid primer;

After the primer has dried, apply it to the base. thin layer solution. This technique is used to improve the adhesion strength of the solution to the base. The layer thickness should be 3-5 mm.

In a day you can start working.

Application of the solution to the surface must be done dry. warm weather. The work area must be fenced off with caution tape. First of all, scaffolding, sawhorses and climbing equipment are installed.

This is done as follows:

The mixture is poured from the bag into the container. Considering the high consumption of material (30-40 liters of solution per 1 sq. m), you need to mix at least 12 kg of the mixture. Don't experiment or get creative by adding other substances. This can only ruin it.
Water is poured into the container. The proportions for preparing the solution are indicated on the packaging of the material. Using a mixer inserted into a perforator, the ingredients are mixed at low speeds. Depending on the volume of material, this takes from 5 to 10 minutes.
The resulting solution should be left alone for 8-10 minutes, then mixed again. This is necessary to achieve complete homogeneity of the resulting material. After that you can use it. Liquid warm plaster retains its working qualities for 3-4 hours.

It should be taken into account that when high temperatures the time to use the finished solution can be reduced to 1.5-2 hours. And, at temperatures above +35ºС, it is not recommended to carry out work.

Laying is carried out in the following order:

Beacons are installed every 40-50 cm. This will make it possible to lay out a layer of mortar of precisely adjusted thickness. The recommended size of one layer of plaster is no more than 40 mm. Otherwise, the material will slip and deform under its own weight.
The solution is applied to the wall with a wide spatula. For ease of use, you can first apply the mixture with a smaller spatula. After processing 1-1.5 linear meters of the wall, the surface is leveled using the rule. Excess solution is collected in a bucket and reused.
The beacons are removed from the holes. The remaining holes are filled with solution, the surface is leveled.
If the coating thickness is more than 40 mm, reinforcing mesh is glued on top of the first level. It can be glued to plaster 2 hours after application to the wall.
A layer of plaster is applied to the mesh, its surface is profiled using a notched trowel. This will allow the second layer to firmly adhere to the first.
The second layer of plaster is applied in the same way as the first. Work is carried out after it hardens. This takes 1-2 days.

The treated wall has a gray, grainy surface. The owner of the house decides for himself what to do next - leave the wall as it is, or make it smooth.

For grinding, an abrasive mesh and sandpaper. After sanding, warm plaster hardens within 3-5 days, depending on the thickness of the applied coating.

Finishing

Conduct finishing Insulation applied to the facade of a house can be applied in various ways.

For these purposes, the following materials are used:

frost-resistant paint;
ceramic tile;
fake diamond;
facade thermal panels;
granite chips.

Before finishing, the surface of the coating is primed and cleaned from dirt and dust.

The paint is applied with a roller or paint brush. Smooth surface It is better to paint with a roller. For a façade finished like a fur coat, you need to use a paint brush so that the paint penetrates into all the recesses.

Coloring can be carried out in one, two or more stages until the color becomes even and uniform.

Ceramic tiles and artificial stone can be glued directly to the plaster. Its surface is dense and durable enough to withstand additional weight.

For gluing, a cement-based mixture or frost-resistant acrylic mastic is used. The seams between the tiles are filled with a special façade sealant. Cured seams can be painted to match the color of the material.

Facade panels are quite light in weight and have excellent thermal insulation properties. They can become not only a finishing material, but also additional insulation.

They are attached to the surface with an adhesive solution. Convenient tongue-and-groove fastening allows you to create a seamless connection of panels.

Granite chips are applied to the facade using a spray gun or manually. The basis of this coating is transparent varnish or paint.

In addition to its undeniable beauty, granite chips will give the walls the properties of a very practical coating. It will simply be impossible to write or scratch anything on such a surface.

An insulated wall will serve the owners of the house for at least 25 years, protecting them from cold and dampness.

Many people today wonder what warm plaster is and what purposes it is suitable for. this material and how to work with it. Let's start with the fact that these products have not been on the domestic market of construction and finishing materials for long.

So, warm plaster is a mixture made on the basis of the simplest cement. But, unlike usual cement mortar, no sand is added to the composition. Instead of him other ingredients are used:

Expanded clay chips;
Perlite sand;
Expanded polystyrene granules;
Powder made from pumice, etc.

What types of warm plaster are there?

If you are interested in what warm plaster is, you should keep in mind that it can be different. There are many types, now we will talk about most popular of them.

Among all the varieties of warm plaster, one can note the composition, which contains expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite is a mineral lightweight aggregate that is obtained through heat treatment to which vermiculite rock is subjected. If you need warm plaster for exterior work, it’s time to pay attention to just such products. And if you don’t want to look for other worthy options, other uses of the material are also possible. For example, this warm plaster is also suitable for interior work. Quite a decent, universal building material. Among the advantages of vermiculite are excellent antiseptic properties.
If we consider popular types of warm plaster, we cannot ignore the “sawdust mixture”. This substance contains sawdust, as well as particles of clay, cement, and even paper. That is why it is not recommended to use warm sawdust plaster for exterior work. On the contrary, the mixture is most often purchased specifically as a warm plaster for interior work - any specialist will confirm this.

Sawdust plaster is an ideal product for covering brick (concrete) and wooden surfaces. It is recommended that the room be regularly ventilated while the sawdust plaster is drying. It takes approximately two weeks for the composition to dry. If the doors and windows are closed in the room, mold and mildew may appear on the surface - be sure to take this into account.

People who want to buy warm plaster always pay attention to a type of material that contains expanded polystyrene foam granules. This plaster contains not only polystyrene foam - here you will also find cement, various fillers and additives, and lime. You need warm plaster for the facade - this option is well suited, however, it is also often used for indoor work.

Since it is the last version of plaster (with polystyrene foam granules in the composition) that is the most common (which cannot be said about other types), we will consider it in detail within the framework of this material. All comparisons with other materials will also be made specifically for this type.

Warm plaster and its areas of application

Let's look at the industries where this material is used today. Anyway, manufacturers recommend following:

Finishing of facades and their thermal insulation;
Soundproofing of internal and external walls on existing buildings, as well as additional insulation;
Insulation of walls if well masonry is used;
Insulation of slopes of door and window blocks in those places where they are adjacent to the walls;
Insulation of cold and hot water supply risers, sewer risers;
For interior finishing work (as a sound insulator and insulation);
Warm plaster is recommended to be used for insulating ceilings and floors.

External finishing of the facade with warm plaster

Let's talk in more detail about How effective is the material? when performing external finishing of house facades.

Warm plaster for the facade will be heavier than all others possible types– up to ten times or more. Consequently, such a wall most likely requires a more solid foundation;
If it is assumed that the facade insulation structure will have a plaster layer over the insulation, the thickness of the insulation usually varies from 50 to 100 mm (depending on the thickness load-bearing wall, desired indoor temperature and climate zone). If you pay attention to what the thermal conductivity coefficient is, then everything is clear - in order to achieve similar indicators, the layer of warm plaster should be one and a half to two times thicker.

In other words, a layer of warm plaster will have to be made 100-200 mm thick, but the maximum allowed application is only 50 mm - otherwise there will be dumps. Therefore, warm plaster for the facade should be applied on both sides of the wall at once.

Now, based on all of the above, let's consider everything advantages and disadvantages of the material:

pros

It is applied very quickly (even one plasterer can apply 110-170 sq.m. in a day);
Can be applied without using reinforcing mesh (in places where there are no cracks or corners);
There is no need to level the walls if you are going to apply warm plaster;
The material has excellent stickiness (adhesion) to all other wall materials;
When arranging this insulation there is no metal bonds, accordingly, you don’t have to worry about cold bridges;
Rodents will never settle in a wall that is insulated with warm plaster;

For more information about the advantages of warm plaster (including for insulating facades), watch the video material. Perhaps you will get answers to all your questions after watching.

Disadvantages of warm plaster

The composition is not finishing coat– on the surface of warm plaster, not only a primer should be applied, but also a decorative layer of plaster;
The required layer of insulation is thicker than when insulating with polystyrene foam or cotton wool (approximately one and a half to two times).

Based on all of the above, let’s talk about where it’s really worth using “warm” plaster.

When sealing various joints, cracks in the walls, floors of the house;
As additional insulation, but this is for internal work - that is, you will need warm internal plaster (in a situation where work cannot be done from the outside - when, for example, there is already an expensive cladding that will definitely deteriorate during disassembly);
Warm plaster is often used to insulate the base;
When finishing window slopes, the material is also often used.

Applying warm plaster - technology

Before work, the wall surface is prepared in the same way as before applying simple cement-based plaster. That is, all dust is removed, as well as the remains of other solutions. If necessary, the surface is treated with special deep-penetrating impregnations, or simply strengthened with a plaster mesh.

It is important that the surface of the wall, which will be insulated with warm plaster, is thoroughly moistened with water before starting all work.

When the composition is prepared for use, the entire package is poured into a container (its volume must be at least 50 liters);
Next, add water in the amount indicated on the packaging of warm plaster;
Everything is thoroughly mixed using a mixer;
The resulting mixture must be used within 120 minutes from the moment of preparation.

How to check whether the required consistency has been obtained or not? It's simple here:

Scoop up the solution using a trowel and turn it over;
If the mortar holds well on the trowel and does not fall off, it means that the plaster is completely ready for use;
Ready-made plaster can be applied either by machine or by hand.

To avoid any difficulties when applying warm plaster, pay attention to the video: applying warm plaster. The lesson will be useful for both specialists and novice renovators.

What they look like subsequent work:

The plaster mixture is applied using ordinary plastering tools (trowel, spatula, float, etc.) in several layers;
The thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm;
Each subsequent layer should be applied no earlier than 4 hours after the previous one was applied;
If on the street high level humidity, and the air temperature is lower (especially in the autumn season), the drying time of the layer increases;
It is customary to apply the solution only to the surface that has been leveled and primed;
Apply warm plaster with a wide spatula, this is done strictly from the bottom up;
It is impossible to apply a thick layer of plaster at a time - this may simply cause the mortar to slip;
Check and acceptance plastering works usually carried out about three to four weeks after all the work has been done.

Common mistakes when applying warm plaster

It is not difficult to guess that during such work certain mistakes are often made - especially when the work is performed by novice specialists or simply amateurs. Consider this moment in more detail:

If peeling is observed, it means you made some mistake during work;
If the applied composition begins to crack;
If the geometry of the room changes due to the fact that the layer of warm plaster is too thick.

How to check the “geometric” quality of the plastering work that you have completed? This work requires a plumb line, as well as a two-meter rule, and a bubble level. Everything is checked simply: a two-meter rule is applied to the surface (as a rule, they use aluminum rail). If gaps are detected, it means that there are irregularities in the geometry.

It is important that deviations from the horizontal (or vertical) of the plastered surface are not more than 3 mm per meter.

About material consumption

What can we say about material consumption? Everybody is here quite understandable:

For each square meter of surface it takes from 10 to 14 kg, if the desired layer thickness is 25 mm;
If the desired layer thickness is 50 mm, then the consumption is 18-25 kg per square meter;
1 square meter of wall insulation with warm plaster will cost you $40 (the information will be useful for those who want to buy such plaster) - with a layer thickness of 25 mm;
If you turn to specialists to do the work, you will have to pay up to $15 or more for each square meter.

To produce insulation " airborne noise“With the help of warm plaster (this could be noise from the TV, conversations, the sound of a car engine), the material should have a fibrous structure. In addition, it must be ventilated. The effective thickness here starts from 0.5 cm;
To insulate “impact noise” - knocks, falling objects, sounds of footsteps, the material must have elasticity (like rubber).

Warm plaster does not meet either the first or the second requirement, so all data on excellent sound insulation performance is most likely slightly overestimated.

For some work, warm plaster (facade, interior decoration) is indeed often used and this is quite justified. But its use is not always advisable - in many cases you can limit yourself to completely different materials or insulation and get either the same or a more impressive result.

Be sure to take this into account when performing finishing or repairs - in order to protect yourself from unpleasant surprises in the future.

In construction, two main methods of insulating the outer walls of buildings are used - erecting false walls with further filling of the resulting space with insulation or gluing the outer surface with foam sheets. Thanks to simplicity installation work and low cost, such insulation methods attract attention. When for some reason it is impossible to use such thermal insulation options, use warm plaster for outdoor work. On construction market Such material appeared relatively recently, but due to its high cost it has not yet become widespread.

Types of warm plaster and its composition

The finishing material is made on the basis of cement, and as a filler Most often, foam granules, expanded clay chips, crushed pumice or perlite sand are used.
Most universal look is a plaster with filler and from expanded vermiculite, obtained during heat treatment of the rock of the same name. Warm plaster is a good option for exterior work; masonry can be done with your own hands. Material with mineral filler can be used for interior and exterior finishing work, in addition, it has a pronounced antiseptic effect.
Sawdust plaster consists of clay, sawdust, paper fragments and cement. Thanks to this composition, the material is suitable for finishing external surfaces. If sawdust plaster used for interior work and applied to concrete or wooden walls, then during the drying of the plastered surfaces it is necessary to carry out timely ventilation - this will help to avoid the formation of fungi and mold. It should be noted that the period of complete drying of the walls can last up to 2 weeks.

For interior decoration the most suitable and reliable type building material is considered to be plaster, which includes polystyrene foam, lime, cement and other components. This is the most common version of the finishing material, so it is worthwhile to dwell in more detail on the description of its characteristics. However, it is worth remembering that doing warm plaster for exterior work with your own hands requires a clear command of the technology.

Using warm plaster

This material is used not only for exterior decoration, but also for thermal insulation:
gender and interfloor ceilings;
window and door slopes;
building basement;
cold and hot water;
for clogging the joints of ceilings and walls;
giving internal walls soundproofing;
to increase the thermal insulation of walls built using today's popular well masonry technology.

Comparison of the material with traditional insulation

First of all, you should pay attention to the effectiveness of applying a layer of material to the facade of the building. For clarity, let’s make a comparison with a surface insulated with sheets of foam plastic or mineral wool, followed by applying a layer of plaster on top of them. The comparison will be carried out in three directions: density, degree of moisture absorption and flammability.
During the analysis it was found that warm plaster is 10 times heavier others thermal insulation materials, this means that due to the weighting of the walls, you will have to take care of laying a more reliable foundation.

To obtain heat saving indicators similar to those provided by polystyrene foam or mineral insulation, a layer of warm plaster will have to be applied 1.5-2 times denser. Based on the calculations made, it was established that the layer thickness should be 100-200 mm, with a recommended maximum of 50 mm. It is not difficult to guess that you will have to apply plaster to the external and internal surfaces walls In the future, the walls will need to be treated primer and decorative putty. This warm plaster for outdoor use with your own hands has a number of distinctive properties.
Following are the main advantages of warm plaster:
option of applying to uneven surfaces;
high speed plastering walls;
possibility of application without the use of reinforcing mesh;
good adhesion (compared to other finishing materials);
absence of metal components that can become “cold bridges”;
impossibility of damage to the surface by rodents after finishing.

Material application method

The technology for performing finishing work using warm plaster is not very different from the method of applying conventional plaster.
First of all, you need clean the surface walls from debris and dust, treat it with deeply penetrating impregnations. In addition, experts recommend using a special plaster mesh. The wall surface should be well moistened before applying a layer of warm plaster.
Usually the entire package of dry mixture is used for preparation, but it is important to note that ready solution should be used within 2 hours. You can apply the composition mechanized way or manually. If, when turning over, the composition scooped up with a trowel holds well, then the warm plaster for exterior work has a good consistency and is ready for use.
Since the composition is applied in layers, you will need the most simple tools:
putty knife;
Master OK;
grater.
The thickness of each layer should not exceed 20 mm. It is important to apply the next layer after the previous one has completely dried, that is, after approximately 4-5 hours. Duration drying period depends on air humidity and temperature environment, so it may take a little longer. The mixture is applied to the wall with a spatula, using smooth movements from bottom to top. If you apply too much plaster to the surface, it will begin to slide.

Time will help ensure the quality of the work. After a few weeks, you need to inspect the surface of the walls and, if mistakes were made, they will appear in the form of swellings, cracks and geometry changes premises, which is checked using a building level or plumb line. At the same time, by 1 linear meter Horizontal and vertical deviation is permissible no more than 3 mm.
Due to the fact that the thickness of the layer of warm plaster does not exceed 50 mm, and the surface does not have fiber, the statement about soundproofing properties material. Moreover, the finishing material does not have elasticity, which will be sufficient to dampen pops, sharp sounds and knocks.