Pie subfloor in a frame house. Screw piles: bottom floor pie. Do-it-yourself floor of a frame house: what is needed for this

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In the technological process of construction frame house One of the most important processes remains the correct arrangement.

A properly designed and constructed floor will help avoid heat loss and maintain the optimal temperature in the house. So how to make a floor in frame house Right?

Taking into account the features of construction technology frame houses, the foundation of such structures can be:

• , suitable for softer soil and making it easier to select the desired level;
• concrete, installed in harder soils;
• , which is a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, laid on a dense sand cushion.

Actually, based on this, the installation of the main load-bearing beams frame house and floor in particular on the supporting foundation.

Attention! Considering that a frame house is a permanent structure designed for long term operation, the choice of wood for its manufacture should be approached thoughtfully and based on future environmental climatic conditions.

So, Coniferous wood is traditionally chosen among cost-effective options with good durability. Oak and aspen are more expensive, but are characterized by the best performance. For flooring, you should choose only well-dried material, since wet material tends to shrink in size, resulting in gaps.

Since the floor is being made in a frame house, the most common installation method is to install a rough and finished floor. The subfloor consists of OSB boards attached to the lower parts, on which the remaining layers are then laid. The result is a structural cake of a frame floor.

The finished floor is nothing more than the finishing floor covering in the house. They may be:

• glued parquet board;
• parquet;
• solid parquet board;
• processed wood board;
• laminate;
• ceramic tile.

Kinds

The construction of the floor in a frame house is carried out in several ways, depending on the permanent residence in it. So, at the dacha it may be simpler, but for permanent residence it often requires additional and, accordingly, installation of heated floors.

Depending on preferences, foundation structure, economic opportunities, The following flooring methods are distinguished:

• frame floor;
• monolithic floor.

Frame

It is used in the presence of pile, columnar and strip foundation. It is a system of load-bearing and intermediate beams and joists.

The installation of the frame and preparation for installing the floor begin with the laying of the beds. They are boards laid on the top of the foundation with waterproofing and attached to it with anchor bolts.

The beds are aligned along the outside of the foundation and connected to each other, forming a rigid single structure. In the beds, cuts are made for the logs in accordance with their pitch. According to the norms and rules, this step is 500 mm.

The cross-section of the logs is determined by their use for the construction of the first floor, second floor and bathroom. So, for the first floor, logs or intermediate beams with a cross-section of 100 * 250 mm are used, for the second floor, logs with a cross-section of 70 * 200 mm are purchased, in the bathroom beams with a cross-section of 50 * 150 mm are used. Joists and intermediate beams refer to the supporting structural elements on which the floor is mounted and the walls are erected.

After installing the logs into the cuts, boards are attached to them at the bottom. The subfloor will subsequently be laid on them.

For clarity, let’s consider all the elements in the context, that is constructive floor pie in a frame house on stilts:

1. The first layer is an OSB board 6 mm thick, laid between the joists on boards.
2. It is advisable to cover the first layer with a film of waterproofing and wind protection.
3. Insulation (most often mineral basalt wool), filling the entire thickness of the lag.
4. OSB board 18 mm thick.
5. Insulation - extruded polystyrene foam.

Further, some distinctions can be made depending on the purpose of use of the building. So, for cottages and premises where constant heating is not expected and underfloor heating is not required, the continuation of the “pie” will be like this:

1. Foam backing.
2. Substrate – GVL (gypsum fiber sheets).

The floor in the bathroom in a frame house and, preferably, in the kitchen, where possible high humidity and heating is required in the cold season, will contain the following elements of the pie:

1. Vapor barrier layer.
2. Reinforcing metal mesh.
3. Waterproofing film.
4. Screed.
5. The substrate is in the form of foamed foil polystyrene foam in cases of subsequent use of laminate or parquet.
6. Ceramic tile.

About floors V frame bath we also have a separate one.

For areas of the house intended For permanent residence , the organization of a heated floor is required. Therefore, the floor pie in a frame house will consist of the following layers:

1. Aluminum plates.
2. Heated floor circuit system.
3. Foam backing.
4. Substrate - GVL.
5. Finish coating in the form of parquet, laminate, ceramic tiles.

Attention! Taking into account the peculiarities of constructing frame houses on stilts, pillars or strip foundations, to prevent contact of the lower part of the subfloor with surrounding weather conditions the entire perimeter of the foundation is sheathed with a plinth.

At the same time, even with correct installation, Framed wood floors are still susceptible to moisture when condensation forms, they are less resistant to mechanical stress, so in many cases a common design is a concrete floor in a frame house on a concrete foundation. This method is used in the construction of permanent structures designed for permanent residence.

Monolithic

Floor based concrete screed has a number of advantages:

1. Durability and long service life.
2. Withstands heavy loads.
3. It is the basis for heated floors.

Creating a concrete screed involves a number of preparatory works:

1. Under the place where the screed is created, the soil is leveled and thoroughly compacted.
2. A sand cushion is poured in, which is also compacted.
3. The sand is covered with a layer of crushed stone, at least 10 cm thick.

Attention! Before pouring the screed, you must make sure that all communications, including sewerage, water supply, and electrical cables, are marked and routed.

Thus, everything is ready to pour the screed. The solution is most often delivered ready-made in large quantities, designed to fill the entire area at once. Fill the screed so that there are no voids left. Dries rough screed from 14 to 28 days. It serves as a solid foundation, allowing you to construct the walls and floor of a frame house on it. The remaining layers of the cake can be laid on the finished, naturally dried screed. Now its section will look like this:

1. Sand pillow.
2. A layer of crushed stone.
3. Reinforced screed.
4. Waterproofing.
5. Insulation.
6. Vapor barrier.
7. Warm water or electric floor.
8. Clean screed.
9. Finish floor covering.

Instructions

How to make floors in a frame house? How complex is the technology? Is it possible to install it yourself? What features should be taken into account? Many questions arise.

You should build a frame floor with your own hands when you have the necessary construction skills and have an understanding of existing codes and regulations.

Let us present the device technology in the form step by step instructions For different types foundation.

For pile, column and strip foundations

1. A load-bearing frame of beams is laid on the foundation.

2. Logs are nailed to the beams.

3. Support boards are nailed onto the joists - holders of the subfloor.

4. A subfloor made of OSB 6 mm thick is laid.

5. The entire area of ​​the subfloor is covered with a waterproofing film.

6. The space between the joists is filled with mineral wool.

7. A second layer of OSB 18 mm thick is laid on top of the logs.

8. A second layer of insulation is laid - expanded polystyrene.

9. A backing in the form of foil polystyrene foam is laid to prevent heat loss.

10. A reinforcing metal mesh is installed.

11. Contours of electric or water heated floors are drawn.

12. The finishing screed is poured.

13. The entire area is covered with a foam backing in the case of subsequent flooring of parquet or laminate.

14. The final floor covering is laid or tiling follows.

Concrete floors

Do-it-yourself concrete floors in a frame house are constructed in stages:

1. The soil is prepared, cleared and compacted.
2. A layer of sand is poured in and compacted thoroughly.
3. A layer of crushed stone with a thickness of 10 cm or more is poured. It is leveled and compacted using a vibrating machine to ensure maximum compaction of the layers.
4. Reinforcing metal rods with a cross-section of at least 10 mm are placed on the crushed stone.
5. Poured cement-sand mortar semi-thick consistency. It fills all the voids to prevent subsequent cracking of the rough screed.
6. The waterproofing of the floor of a frame house is laid after 28 days on a rough screed.
7. A layer of insulation in the form of extruded polystyrene foam or the densest foam is laid. The joints between the mats are taped with mounting tape.
8. The insulation layer is covered with a vapor barrier film or a foil-coated lavsan backing.
9. Heated floors are being laid.
10. A finishing screed is poured to fill all voids.
11. A foam backing is placed on the dried layer of screed, followed by laying flooring or facing tiles are laid.

Useful video

The construction of floor joists and subfloors is further described in the video below:

conclusions

Thus, the installation of the floor in a frame house is of decisive importance. The durability of the entire building, the comfort and warmth of the house depend on how competently and efficiently the installation is performed. Do not forget that a house is a permanent structure. You won’t be able to figure it out in a year and there are some things you won’t be able to fix. It is necessary to build carefully, paying attention to all the nuances and details.

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The floor in a frame house should be made according to wooden beams floors. Most often, the finished structure is in contact with outside air. This is due to the fact that pile screw foundations are popular for the construction of lightweight structures. Such supports lift the building above the ground, leaving free space between it and the ceiling, which is blown with air.

Installing a floor in a frame house requires mandatory insulation. Without this, there is a high probability of mold and mildew, and walking on a cold surface is not a pleasant experience.

Pie designs

First of all, you need to make a ceiling in a frame house. It will also be a subfloor at the same time. The main floor beams must be securely fastened to the grillage.

It is important to know that between metal piles and wooden beam Waterproofing is required. It is necessary in order to protect elements that have different characteristics, especially natural humidity. Lay for waterproofing roll material in two layers. You can use roofing felt, linocrom or waterproofing. Sometimes you can find outdated roofing felt or glassine. It is not advisable to use them.

The load-bearing base of the floor of a frame house can be made in two ways:

• using main beams;
• using main and secondary beams.

Secondary beams or, more simply, joists allow you to increase the pitch of the main beams. But this option increases the scope of work, increases material consumption and the thickness of the ceiling.

The right pie gender

In the absence of secondary beams, the main beams are also used as logs. The correct pie in this case looks like this (listed from bottom to top):

• cranial bars with a cross section of up to 50x50 mm, which are attached to the side at the bottom of the load-bearing floor beams;
• boarding;
• moisture and wind protection;
• load-bearing beams with insulation between them;
• vapor barrier material;
• subfloor boards or chipboard about 16 mm thick.

How to make a floor in a frame house

As floor beams, take a beam or edged board with an average cross section of 5x15 cm. The exact dimensions depend on the span length and the pitch of the elements. The boards are installed so that the larger side is vertical and the smaller side is horizontal. When installed in reverse load bearing capacity is greatly reduced.

All wooden elements Before use, be sure to treat with an antiseptic. This substance helps protect the floor pie in a frame house from rotting and mold. Additionally, you can treat with fire retardants. This will increase the structure's resistance to fire and make the house safer.

To make a floor in a frame house with your own hands, the main floor beams and at the same time the logs are secured to the foundation grillage on stilts. Elements must be placed on top. Fastening to the side does not provide high reliability. There are two ways: with or without a notch. The notch allows you to securely fix the elements, but weakens the strapping. For this reason, it is recommended to do without it.

Anchor bolts are used as fastening tools. They are secured in a harness. To attach the beams, you will have to prepare holes in them. To do this, the logs are laid out on the anchors and hit at the point of support with a hammer. IN in the right place there will be a dent. After making the holes, the floor beams are laid in place, and the nuts are tightened onto the anchors over them. Additionally, it is recommended to use washers. This is due to the fact that metal elements small sections can be recessed into soft wood.

After installing the main load-bearing structures, they proceed to fastening the cranial bars. Such elements are necessary in order to lay hemming boards on them. The bars are secured with screws, nails or studs. Dimensions are selected depending on the load: the mass of the lining and insulation, as well as the distance between the load-bearing beams. Most often, bars of 50x50 mm or less are used.

Flooring is made on the cranial bars. It will serve as the basis for the insulation. Fastening - with nails or self-tapping screws. For production, take a board treated with an antiseptic, 25-40 mm thick. Waterproofing and windproof material is laid on the backing. It is fixed with construction stapler, and the joints are taped. Minimum overlap at the joints it is 10 cm.

It is recommended to use modern vapor diffusion moisture-proof membranes as wind protection and waterproofing. They replaced films. The main advantage of this material is vapor permeability. The membrane does not prevent the house from “breathing” and effectively removes steam outside, protecting the insulation from moisture.

Insulation is laid between the load-bearing beams. It must be protected from internal steam using a vapor barrier. Here, too, there is a choice: films or membranes. When building your home, you should choose best materials. But the membrane will cost more than the film.

The subfloor in a frame house is completed after installing the flooring. Between it and the insulation you need to leave a gap of 2-3 cm thick for ventilation. For flooring, edged boards 40 mm thick are used. The width is usually taken to be 100 mm. Like all other elements, the flooring must be impregnated with an antiseptic. The boards are attached to the joists using nails or self-tapping screws. You need to choose galvanized fasteners that are resistant to corrosion.

Insulation of floors

Several types of materials are used to insulate floors. There is no limitation on strength, since the insulation is placed between the joists and does not take up the payload.

Among the insulation options that are widely used are:

• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam (“Penoplex”);
• penoizol (in the form of foam).

Mineral wool has become a popular option. This is justified by the favorable cost of the material, its availability and simplicity of technology. Another advantage is vapor permeability; cotton wool does not interfere natural ventilation building. To avoid having to cut the slabs, it is recommended to set the lag pitch so that there is a clear distance of 580 or 1180 mm between them. This will allow you to lay the insulation tightly and without cuttings.

Mineral wool floor insulation scheme

There are several types mineral wool. Basalt in rigid slabs is best suited. Glass wool is inconvenient to work with, and slag wool is made from industrial waste.

The thickness of the insulation is determined by calculation depending on the climatic region. On average, this will be a value from 5 to 15 cm. For accurate calculations, it is recommended to use the TEREMOK program. It is easily available in the public domain as a desktop application or online version. For calculations, you will need to select a settlement from the list, the type of structure being calculated, the thickness of the insulation and its thermal conductivity. The last characteristic easy to find out from the manufacturers.

Warm floor in a frame house

The construction of buildings with warm water floors is gaining popularity. This option allows you to make your home comfortable without major expenses. Water heating costs much less than electric.

To lay pipes inside the pie, a special decking design is used. In this case, it is recommended to make the subfloor from a board 50 mm rather than 40 mm. The flooring is made not continuous, but sparse. The distance between the elements is selected so that heat-reflecting plates with heating tubes inside can be placed between them.

Another floor design in a frame house with water heating is done using cement screed. The screed is poured on top of the continuous flooring on top of the load-bearing beams. Due to the increased load, the flooring is made 50 mm thick.

They put it on the boards plastic film, which will prevent the leakage of cement laitance. Next, pour a screed with a thickness of 50-70 mm, having previously laid out water pipes on the floor. They must be completely hidden by concrete. A clean floor is laid on top of the screed.

The second method has a significant drawback - it increases the load on the floor. In addition, if the heating system breaks down, you will have to break the screed. The first option allows you to simply disassemble the floor and reassemble it.

The design or arrangement of the floor in a frame house differs little from traditional scheme, widely used in the construction of wooden, brick or reinforced concrete buildings, and including the installation of the so-called black (or subfloor) floor. However, the differences that exist, although small, are significant. In this article we will describe the so-called pie - the floor structure in a frame house on a pile foundation as the most typical for this type of house construction, and also point out its characteristic features.

The floor of a frame house consists of the main load-bearing elements called joists, the bottom lining and the flooring itself. Wood is predominantly used coniferous species– spruce and pine. This material quite light, durable and resistant to fungal attack. At the same time, coniferous wood is relatively inexpensive. An alternative is oak floors. The material itself is heavier and more expensive, but at the same time, products made from it are significantly stronger and more durable than corresponding products from coniferous wood. Therefore, preference should be given to oak floors only if you are building a frame house of impressive size and expect to use it for decades. Well, of course, you have sufficient funds.

Material requirements

As a log, either a beam with a cross-section from 100x150 mm to 150x250 mm, or a board with a thickness of 50-60 mm and a width of 150 to 250 mm is used. Both the timber and the board are installed “on edge”. The required size is determined by the span, that is, the distance between the two closest supports of the log. So, if this design rests only on the edges, it is necessary to use the thickest and widest possible wooden profiles. If it is possible to arrange additional intermediate supports under the joists, then it is permissible to use a board of minimal cross-section.

For flooring, boards with a thickness of 35-45 mm are used. If plywood or OSB board is laid on top, you can even use unedged board. If laminate, parquet, linoleum or other covering is planned to be laid directly on the flooring, it is necessary edged board. The best, although more expensive, option is a tongue-and-groove board, which allows you to do without any coating at all.

The bottom hem is necessary to hold the layer heat-insulating material inside the first floor floor pie. Any sheet material is used in this capacity: plywood, wood-fiber and wood-based particle boards, flat slate etc. Basic requirements

tion - the material must withstand high humidity and temperature changes outside the building.

Second floor filing or more high floors at the same time it is the ceiling of the floors below. Her task is to decorate the ceiling. Therefore, no special design requirements is not presented with such a filing.

Floor insulation

Absolutely necessary thing, especially for the floor of the first floor of a frame house. The fact is that such houses are often installed on columnar foundations or on stilts. Accordingly, the floor is raised above the ground to a height of up to 1 meter. And the space between the ground and the building itself is open to everyone external influences. Therefore, an uninsulated floor will cool

room in winter and heat it in summer.

In addition, an uninsulated floor allows all street noise to pass through and is a place for moisture to condense due to temperature changes. Insulating the second floor floor is also very useful, if only to reduce sound transmission between floors. Functional purpose Floor insulation also dictates the requirements for the material. That is, it must have low thermal conductivity, high coefficient

noise absorption, sufficient moisture resistance and frost resistance. Currently, mineral wool and expanded polystyrene (foam plastic) are most widely used as insulating materials for the floor of a frame house.

Finish floor

Wooden flooring can be constructed as a rough flooring, intended as a base for subsequent coating, or as a finishing flooring, that is, for finishing. Except wooden flooring the finished floor of a frame house is made of piece or glued parquet, parquet board, laminate, linoleum, PVC tiles. Finished wooden floors (made from planks) are relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing, but their service life is highly dependent on the quality and durability of the coating. Parquet floors are more durable, but also more expensive. Best Value price/quality for laminate or linoleum floors. PVC - tiles are made from the same material as linoleum, but have one significant advantage: If the coating is damaged, the tiles can be replaced independently of each other.

Fasteners

The wooden floor structure of a frame house is assembled using nails or self-tapping screws designed specifically for wood. The nails must have a length that is 2 times greater than the thickness of the board being nailed (if driven across the grain) or 2.5 times (if driven along the grain of the wood). For self-tapping screws, these requirements are less stringent, 1.7 – 2 times, respectively. In case it is necessary to connect thick timber, use either a bolted connection (for longitudinal joining) or metal corners(when connected at the end). We emphasize that the connection must be strong and reliable, otherwise the floors will creak when walking.

Layered cake"

By putting together all the elements of the floor, we get a kind of pie consisting of several layers. The lowest part, the hem, is designed to hold the “filling” of the pie. It is made from sheet material or made from thin wooden slats. A wind barrier is laid on top of the filing - a layer of thin polymer material, preventing the movement of air between the room and external environment. This significantly reduces heat transfer through the floor. It is advisable to use reinforced polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride film as wind protection.

A layer of insulation is placed on top of the windbreak. Without it, the cake will cool down very quickly, so you need to take both the selection of material and its installation very seriously. The thicker the layer and the more evenly it is laid in the space between the joists, the more comfortable the microclimate in the house will be. It is fundamentally important to eliminate all cracks: when insulating with mineral wool, they are carefully plugged with pieces of the same material, and when insulating with polystyrene foam, they are filled with polyurethane foam.

The cake ends with the installation of wooden flooring. It can itself be finished as a finished floor, or carry another coating that best satisfies the desires and capabilities of the home owners.

Floor ventilation

Often, the space between the ground and the floor pie in a frame house (when installing it on stilts) is lined with bricks, cinder blocks or other building materials, obstructing air movement. Despite the obvious advantages of such an event, for example, reducing heat loss at home, there are also disadvantages: increased humidity under the floor. And this entails the possibility of the spread of fungus and destruction wooden structures Houses. In this case, it is recommended to use ventilation of the underground space. In opposite corners of the room they arrange through holes to the entire thickness of the floor and cover them on top with decorative grilles. Arises natural air exchange between the space above and below the floor. Not so intense as to disturb the microclimate in the room, but sufficient to reduce the humidity in the underground space to a safe level.
Despite the apparent complexity of installing a floor in a frame house installed on stilts, making it yourself is quite affordable and allows you to significantly save on construction costs.

The construction of a subfloor in a frame house depends on the type of foundation on which it stands. And the type of foundation of even such a light structure depends on the nature of the soil. And here there are no restrictions on materials - it can be concrete floors on the ground, or wooden floors on joists. But the first option, if used, is only on a slab or strip foundation. Although for strip foundations, subfloors on joists are more common. And taking into account the fact that a frame house is usually placed on a screw or columnar foundation(if the geological features of the site allow), rough wooden flooring is the most common.

All enclosing surfaces of a frame house are constructed similarly - thin-sheet cladding with insulation in the middle

General terms

In principle, there are two types of wooden subfloor on the first floor of a frame house:

load-bearing ventilated structure on a strip or pile (screw) foundation;

lattice design on a slab or concrete screed.

In the first case, the horizontal level must already be maintained at the level of the base, grillage or trim, in the second - when pouring the base.

If there is a subfloor in a shallow strip foundation, vents for ventilation must be installed in the load-bearing walls of the base along the perimeter and inside it.

Note. Vents should also be left when arranging the intake (basement) pile foundation.

To protect wood from rotting when in contact with concrete or metal surface, the places where the load-bearing floor beams rest on the foundation are isolated using rolled bitumen waterproofing.

All wooden elements must be treated with antiseptics, the metal fasteners used and fastening points must have an anti-corrosion coating.

Subfloor structure

The structure of the floor in a frame house is no different from the walls.

There is also power elements, responsible for the reliability and strength of the structure - logs and lintels. They are also attached to a load-bearing base - the foundation. And in cross-section, this is the same sandwich - a thin-layer sheathing of the frame, inside of which there is insulation. And so that the insulation and wood do not get wet from condensation and atmospheric moisture, they are protected with special films and membranes.

The subfloor in a frame house is installed in two stages.

Features of the subfloor of the first floor. First stage

At the first stage, immediately after the construction of the foundation is completed, the load-bearing structure of the floor - joists and cross members - is installed.

And here there is different variants their fastenings:

The logs are attached to the top of the frame beam of a pile foundation or the beam of a strip foundation with nails. First, along two opposite walls, a façade (banding) board for joists is attached to a beam or beam. And then the logs themselves are installed between them. If necessary, they are built up with an overlap, which should rest on one of the internal load-bearing walls strip foundation or internal grillage beam (purlin).

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of frame houses from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.

Video description

The rigidity of the structure is ensured by additional spacers, the length of which must correspond to the pitch of the joists (minus their thickness). How Larry Hong does this can be seen in the video below:

The logs are attached to the top of the frame or beam, fixing them directly to the wall posts with nails and brackets. In this case, the layout of the lag completely coincides with the pitch of the racks, and this is not always “convenient”.

The logs are attached to the strapping beam, for which special slots are made.

The logs are attached to the strapping beam along inside using special brackets.

There is no clear opinion regarding the lag layout step.

A more “economical” option is 600 mm. And if we talk about the axial distance, then taking into account the thickness of the lag - 625 mm. But some experts recommend a pitch of 400 mm. And although the mats will have to be cut when insulating with mineral wool, the structure of the subfloor will be much stronger.

Important! In places where heavy equipment is installed (stove, fireplace, floor-standing boiler with boiler), the layout (step) of the log is further reduced.

Video description

The principle of reducing the layout of logs in places where heavy objects are installed is used not only in frame houses. For example, the same advice can be heard in the following video, although it talks about the construction of a subfloor timber house. As you can see, in practice there are no fundamental differences - this is the same wooden floor of the first floor:

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of reconstruction and rebuilding of houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Installation of subfloor. Second phase

The second stage of arranging the subfloor begins after the walls are in place and the roof is installed. Although frame houses are prefabricated, precipitation can “happen” at any time, and mineral wool must be laid provided that it does not get wet from rain.

There are three ways to make a floor in a frame house (more precisely, its lower part):

The base is hemmed underneath the lag. It is made from boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. Since decorative qualities are not needed for this, you can take an unedged board, but be sure to remove the wane (bark) and treat it with an antiseptic. The entire load that will fall on this base is the weight of the mineral wool. Therefore, it is enough if the board is 20 mm thick, and plywood or OSB - 10-15 mm. The disadvantage of this method is that the base is fastened from the side of the subfloor, and this is only possible with sufficient clearance to the ground.

This is what the floor plan looks like with a bottom lining

The base is hemmed along the “cranial” block. This is the name given to a small block of cross-section (usually 50x50 mm), which is attached to the joists on both sides at the very bottom. Base boards or cut ones are laid on these bars plywood sheets(OSB boards). Moreover, their attachment to the cranial block is carried out purely “symbolically”. The advantage of this method is that installation is carried out “from above”, so there is no limitation on the clearance between the ceiling and the ground. Disadvantage - the logs must be at least 200 mm high (even better - 250 mm) to compensate for the loss of useful space for floor insulation. You can also note the additional purchase of the bar as a disadvantage.

Draft pie frame house floorinstall the log on top. This method is used if the base is low and there is virtually no underground floor. In fact, it is necessary to lay additional logs perpendicular to the joists of the main subfloor. In this case, the base of the subfloor is attached to the main joists, and additional joists are mounted on it - they serve to attach the finishing floor covering.

After the base is installed, a waterproofing membrane and insulation are laid between the logs (main or additional for the third method).

Ground floor subfloor pie

Correct Layer Arrangement wooden floor the first floor looks like this:

base;

diffusion waterproofing membrane;

insulation between joists;

vapor barrier film;

directly the subfloor itself, as the base of the finishing floor covering.

Note. If as finishing coating When using a tongue-and-groove floorboard, it is mounted on joists on top of the vapor barrier.

Board by figcaption>

This arrangement protects the insulation from the penetration of water vapor from warm air from the side of the room, and do not prevent them from weathering outside - into the underground.

For the frame floor, choose mineral wool, ecowool, regular or extruded polystyrene foam. Preference is given to mineral wool due to its non-flammability. But if you need to make the floor warmer with the same thickness of thermal insulation, then use a combination of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. 10 cm thick foam is placed on the bottom and mineral wool on top.

Second floor subfloor

Construction of a subfloor in a frame house on the second or attic floor different from the basement floor.

Here the vapor barrier is located differently and additionally there must be elastic gaskets to compensate for impact and structural noise. In addition, only mineral wool is used as an insulating layer. Moreover, this is explained not only by its non-flammability, but also by its ability to absorb airborne noise, which foam plastic does not have. That is, it acts not as thermal insulation, but as sound insulation. Therefore, its thickness will be less (although for this case it is better to choose mats of special acoustic wool).

Note. TO air noise include any waves in acoustic range– this is speech, music, a working TV or stereo system. Impact noises include walking on the top floor, sounds from objects falling on the floor or furniture being moved. Structural noise propagates through structural elements from operating equipment (ventilation, air conditioners, water supply and heating system pumps).

fine coating(for laminate – with a backing made of foamed polyethylene);

plywood or OSB board;

rubber or cork substrate, glued on top of a chipboard (or plywood);

rubber or cork gaskets on floor beams;

mineral wool between beams;

vapor barrier;

sheathing;

ceiling trim(plasterboard, lining or panels);

Video description

A few more useful nuances on installing a subfloor in the following video:

Conclusion

The subfloor must be reliable and durable - its main elements are included in load-bearing structure frame house. In addition, it must have good heat and sound insulation properties - it is compliance with this part of the conditions that is responsible for comfort. Therefore, everything here must be done on the basis of a project, the calculation of which must be carried out taking into account regulatory requirements and climatic conditions of the region. And this is a job for professionals.

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To build your home strong and reliable, you need to do quite a lot of work, including design top harness.

This simple design has a number of its own features and nuances in its design and installation process. Before proceeding with installation, it is worth understanding the essence of all processes.

and the top frame of the frame house give it strength and reliability. There are differences in design, but as for the top frame, it serves to create the integrity of the frame building. In addition to the fact that the upper type of piping combines internal and external, it transfers the load and distributes it evenly in the direction from the top of the building to the bottom.

Important: the construction of the upper wall trim is necessary in a frame house, regardless of what the attic space will be like or whether there will be one at all.

Types of floors

As for the types of floors, they are divided depending on how the attic is planned to be constructed.

Namely, such a room will be intended for storing things, will it be residential or non-residential:

1. Under a residential attic (heated). Such an overlap is installed in the case of residential attic space or attic, as well as with a full second floor. The design of such a ceiling does not require the use of special layers of waterproofing materials, but a vapor barrier is required.
2. Under an unheated attic. This frame floor is arranged in the case of non-residential under-roof space. This type is characterized by the presence of a large number of insulating materials, their specific location and a reinforced layer of thermal insulation.

Important: the ceiling of the second floor in a frame house must have enhanced strength and the ability to withstand high level loads

Device

"Pie"

If you look at the layer-by-layer structure of the ceiling of a frame house, you can see a kind of “pie”. And also do not forget that the interfloor ceiling in a frame house is the ceiling for one room and the floor for another. This moment determines the availability of certain materials depending on the individual situation.

What does the pie consist of? interfloor covering in a frame house in sequence from the lower floor (its ceiling) to the second floor ( finished floor) from the following layers:

• finishing materials for the first floor ceiling;
• plasterboard sheets;
• layer of sheathing;
• vapor barrier material;
• layer of waterproofing (only for an unheated attic or in the case of a residential second floor - under wet areas, for example, in the bathroom on the second floor);
• soundproofing material of cork type (only for residential second floor);
• moisture-resistant plywood (laid in two layers);
• finishing coating.

Regardless of the size of the frame house, the ceiling of the second floor is divided into the following types:

• beam It consists of logs on which a subfloor is installed using sheets of fiberboard, chipboard or plywood. The pitch of the beams in this case is quite wide;
• beam-ribbed.

Peculiarities

If we consider the design of the ceiling depending on its type, i.e. whether the attic will be residential or not, then the features of the device for a house with a residential heated attic are as follows:

1. For floors made of joists, rubber or rubber is laid between the joists and the finished floor. cork backing to provide sound insulation. If the installation is carried out in two layers, then soundproofing material must also be laid between them.

2. All materials for the future structure are selected depending on the future load on the floor and individual wishes, for example, providing enhanced sound insulation.

The attic floor in a frame house in the case of an unheated second floor is arranged as follows::

1. Waterproofing is laid from above. It will protect the room from moisture coming from the roof. This is prerequisite design equipment that cannot be neglected.

3. The beams in the structure are pre-impregnated special drugs, protecting wood from rotting processes, the formation of fungal microorganisms, etc.

Safety measures during work

Any construction process involves an increased risk of injury.

In addition to the fact that all manipulations are performed manually, which is very unsafe, the construction of the harness involves working at height.

In order to protect yourself as much as possible from injury, you should adhere to the following rules::

1. Maintain maximum orderliness of things and tools during the construction process.
2. If work takes place at a height exceeding 1.2 m, then scaffolding must be used.
3. Frame elements, beams, boards or joists are stacked at a safe distance, and the height of the stacked elements should not exceed 1.5.
4. The stack of structural elements must be secured with some kind of tie to prevent unexpected spillage.
5. Electrical devices used in the construction process must be grounded.
6. Cables to electrical devices must be protected from any kind of mechanical impact.
7. When carrying out manipulations to secure elements and use electrical equipment, you must be on a strong support, additional measure safety are safety ropes and mounting belts.

Installation of the top trim

The strapping of the second floor of a frame house begins after it has been leveled using a special level.

1. You will need boards 50 mm thick, which are laid on top of the frame walls.
2. The installation is carried out overlapping with the adjacent wall and secured with nails. Fastening is carried out in a checkerboard pattern, with a minimum number of nails equal to 5 pcs.
3. Next, the fastening process is carried out internal partitions To external walls. This manipulation can be carried out in three ways:
   • you can use jumpers that are constructed and fastened between frame racks. Partitions are then attached to such jumpers. In this case, the top board is laid with an overlap, due to which the connection between the wall and the partition is obtained;
   • for the second option, additional racks are installed on the main frame wall. If a partition is attached to an existing rack, build another one and attach the partition to them. Further, the process of constructing the harness is similar;
   • for the third option you will need timber, which requires a little more expense than in the previous options. Instead of a rack, a beam is installed to which the partition is attached. Further, the process of arranging the strapping is identical.

Floor construction

After the top trim of the Scandinavian frame wall ready, they begin to construct the ceiling between the floors.

There are some differences in this process depending on the planned second floor space.

For unheated type top floor the process is as follows:

1. Initially, a rough ceiling is constructed. Start the process from the bottom for further convenience of the equipment with insulation.
2. Boards with a thickness of 3 cm are attached to the beams, which are located transversely.
3. After this, the boards are covered with vapor barrier film material. This is done with an overlap of 10 cm.
4. After this, the slabs are laid out and mineral wool is rolled out. The thickness of such a layer should be at least 10 cm, and the width should be maintained at the same distance between the beams.
5. After this, a layer of waterproofing material is laid on top.
6. The final stage is the installation of the floor of the upper floor and the ceiling of the first floor.

If the second floor of the house is heated, residential type, then the process is similar to that described, except for the following features:

1. Instead of waterproofing, a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the insulated beams. The insulation will eventually be located between two layers of vapor barrier.
2. The ceiling is equipped with soundproofing materials.
3. Finishing the floor of the second floor is carried out depending on individual preferences.

Important: when attaching boards to beams, it is best to drive nails at an angle of 45 degrees; this method will protect against the appearance of cracks after the wood dries out.

It is very important not to forget to leave an opening for passage to the second floor. To do this, cut out two beams with a cross-section equal to the floor joists and cut them between them. This process is carried out before the construction of the floor begins.

Useful video

Visually familiarize yourself with the process of constructing the upper frame and floors between floors in the video below:

conclusions

The top trim of a frame utility block or living space, as well as the process of installing the interfloor ceiling, have their own nuances and specifics, which you should know about in advance. Before starting work, you should carefully plan the entire process and decide what type of second floor will be in the house. In addition, during work it is very important to protect yourself from injuries and risks of falling from the height at which work is carried out.

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