Options for insulating a timber house. Insulation of a wooden house made of profiled timber for long-term living Insulation of a wooden house made of profiled timber

The timber from which it is assembled is also used for the construction load-bearing structures or fences. In fact, it is a log after edging on 2, 3 or 4 sides. Three-sided processing produces timber with a front side that imitates a log surface.

Beam and whetstone are different concepts. A diameter thickness of less than 100 mm is a block. To assemble a house, the timber must be made of pine (for better air permeability) and have a cross-section of 150x150 or 190x150 mm.

For low-rise housing construction they use:

solid timber (cheap, but burdened with long-term shrinkage in the future);
glued (high-tech, with specified beneficial properties, and therefore expensive material);
profiled (with a tongue-and-groove connection installed during processing - this removes the internal pressure leading to cracking of the wood).

Profiled timber is made from solid wood or glued from lamella boards. The last option has no drawbacks and belongs to premium-class building materials. This type of lumber differs and by surface treatment method:

profiled timber (German) - “comb”;
profiled timber (Finnish) - with two tenons for connection;
profiled timber with cups - grooves for corner joints;
timber with a smooth front surface;
timber with a convex front surface.

What makes timber the preferred material in private housing construction?

Blessed for design appearance, the ability to play with color and texture.
Simplicity and waste-free construction.
Factory surface treatment suitable for applying finishing materials (drying oils, paints).
Environmentally friendly construction while maintaining a healthy microclimate.
Superior performance properties over rounded logs.
Comparative efficiency.

All appearing later flaws houses made of timber are a consequence of violations of the production technology of this material.

No matter how carefully the walls made of profiled timber are assembled, it is impossible to avoid loose fit and cracks. They make the house ventilated and permeable to low temperatures.

Therefore, an important stage of construction is the correct insulation of a house made of timber - internal and external.

Insulation of a house made of profiled timber

Traditional tow has now become effective competitors: jute, linen wool, ecowool, slabs of mineral wool, fiberglass, polystyrene foam, thermobasalt. To evenly distribute the insulation between the crowns, tapes made of fibrous materials in the form of a non-woven fabric are used, which are attached to the wood with a stapler or glue.

In choosing insulation worth following not only its heat-saving properties, but also its susceptibility to open fire, fungal and mold damage.

What is meant by “insulation of a wooden house”

Insulating a house made of timber can mean simply protection from blowing, or protection from the penetration of cold air. And we can consider this process as a set of conservation measures internal heat in winter conditions. Each target will require different insulation materials, different technologies implementation of this stage of construction, varying degrees of complexity of the measures taken.

The most simple insulation is caulking the inter-crown cracks. It is carried out in 2 stages: in the first (during the assembly period) pieces of tow are placed between a pair of timber, in the second (after the house has settled) - the tow is tucked into the cracks with a special spatula using a hammer. The process is simple, but labor-intensive and time-consuming.

Insulating the house from the inside

Whatever insulation is used in this case, its primary task of preserving heat is certainly combined with sound insulation from external environment. Insulating the walls inside should not significantly reduce the size of the premises, so insulation boards are chosen no thicker than 3 cm. They are provided environmental Safety and resistance to destruction by rodents. On top of the insulation, the walls are usually lined with plasterboard.

Technology for proper insulation of a house made of timber from the outside

Insulation works timber house outside, they begin with checking the quality of the joints after reaching the natural moisture content of the timber, selecting a heat insulator and calculating its required thickness (up to 7 cm). Now there is a convenient opportunity to make calculations using an online calculator on the Internet.

Worth considering that insulation work will not greatly affect the dimensions, but can change the appearance of the building beyond recognition, so it is necessary to immediately decide on the type of future cladding (plaster, siding, false beams) and the intended finishing work.

External insulation can be done in the following way:

arrange a suspended ventilated façade;
insulate the outside with polyurethane spraying;
insulate with polystyrene foam.

Required tools for insulation work.

Tape measure and plumb level.
Hacksaw.
Self-tapping screws.
Ladder or scaffolding.
Lumber for sheathing.

Sequence of work on installing a suspended ventilated facade

If the timber used in construction was dry, then curtain façade You can start doing it immediately after the construction of the log house.

First of all, you need to seal the inter-crown cracks (see “caulking”).
The sheathing begins to be assembled from a frame made of bars (50x70 according to the height of the insulation). They are fastened to the wall vertically with nails, in increments along the width of the insulation.
Using ventilated facade technology, the lathing is made in two levels to obtain a gap of 3 cm between the insulation and the finishing coating.
Insulation boards are laid end-to-end between the sheathing structures.
A special material (diffuse membrane) is stretched, fastened to the sheathing with a construction stapler.
Strengthen finishing material facade.

This type of insulation makes the façade stable to any type of atmospheric phenomena, prevents rotting and molding, retains the ability wooden walls"breathe".

Insulation by spraying polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam- polymer No. 1 adheres well to a clean, oil-free surface. Applied in several passes with special equipment under pressure in a layer of 50 mm on a wall made of timber, it forms a moisture-proof film without seams or cracks and closes the pores of the wood. This covering is removed under the curtain wall made of finishing material.

The method is very simple and economical, it is carried out without lifting mechanisms and scaffolding. A significant advantage is resistance to open fire, the duration of preservation of heat-protective qualities, resistance to rotting processes and the effects of bacteria.

However, it is necessary to provide when designing a house ventilation system, effectively problem solving vapor permeability of polyurethane film.

Foam insulation

Insulation of a log house with polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene) can be done both inside and outside. This is an inexpensive and effective material to use. For insulation work take slabs 5 cm thick and special glue.

Starting profiles are attached horizontally to clean, dry walls below to prevent the cladding from slipping.
Glue is applied both to the foam and to the gluing site, lubricating the joints.
Work is carried out from the bottom up.
The drying time of the glue is 3 days.
After drying, the foam is further strengthened with special dowels.
Subsequent work is carried out after priming the layer.

Shrinkage of profile timber up to 3-4% occurs in the first six months to a year.
When working with insulation, it is important to observe safety measures: eye protection - goggles, hand protection - mittens, respiratory protection - respirator.
The insulation material must not be stored under open air: Getting wet will reduce its heat-protective properties.
Insulation boards can be installed by surprise without additional fasteners if the distance between the sheathing elements is reduced by 1.5 cm.
Spray insulation can be done at temperatures not lower than 10 degrees.
Organic insulation materials are susceptible to destruction by rodents.

Profiled timber attracts many Russians with its affordability and excellent thermal characteristics. However, most of them mistakenly believe that such a house will not have to be insulated. Of course, you want to preserve the unique wooden flavor of the interior and exterior of the building, but comfortable living is more important. There are some nuances when it comes to insulating a house made from profiled timber. We will tell you about them today.

When can you not insulate?

In fact, profiled timber does not always need to be insulated. If a house is being built in a region with a warm climate or for temporary (seasonal) residence, then it does not need insulation. The boards fit tightly enough to each other and are able to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the absence of too low temperatures.

Such a dacha - perfect option for fans of eco-friendly wooden houses. The owners will be able to admire the beauty of the log house both inside and outside in the summer. They will also enjoy pleasant coolness in hot weather and warmth in case of unexpected cold snap.

If the house is being built for permanent residence, then it needs to be insulated. It is also definitely recommended to insulate the baths. How to do this depends on the thickness and type of profiled timber.

What types of profiled timber are there?

This material can be very different in cross-section. Thanks to this master, it is easy to select boards for the desired construction.

The thinnest profiled timber reaches 95 millimeters in width and 145 millimeters in height.

The rest are significantly larger than 195x145.

You must understand that even the thickest profiled timber is not able to fully protect from the cold in winter. Especially in the far north. The house needs additional insulation.

In any case, it is necessary to carefully select the material. High-quality profiled timber has a high degree of drying (humidity up to 20%). Compliance with the technology in the manufacture of the material prevents shrinkage and deformation of the walls subsequently. For this reason, even when working with the best specialists they need to be monitored when purchasing timber. You live in the house, and every mistake will later come back to haunt you with problems.

The level of thermal insulation to some extent depends on the chosen profile. It can also be different:

with one spike;

with two spikes;

with beveled bevels;

"comb";

Finnish profile.

Of course, the last option is easiest to install, but in terms of thermal insulation characteristics, the “comb” wins. If you need to build a house in a region with a harsh climate, this is the one they choose.

Stages of home insulation

If you want to minimize heat loss, then you need to take a thorough approach to insulation. It needs a foundation, floor, walls, roof. In each case, you need to take into account the characteristics of the designated elements of the house. Only then will it be possible to make your home truly comfortable.

Foundation

The base of the house is best insulated from the outside. This way you will save money and protect the foundation from freezing and destruction due to sudden temperature changes. In addition, in this case the basement area will be preserved, which is also important.

Internal insulation is permissible only when external insulation is impossible. The house was originally built without external insulation foundation, and this omission needs to be eliminated.

Basic materials for external insulation:

polyurethane foam;

extruded polystyrene foam.

Polyurethane foam has excellent hydro, heat and sound insulation characteristics. It is applied using special equipment. The layer of material must be at least 50 millimeters.

Advantages of polyurethane foam:

completing the work does not take much time;

absence of cold bridges in the foundation;

no gaps or seams.

Extruded polystyrene foam takes longer to lay. However, it costs much less and practically does not absorb moisture, which ensures maximum level waterproofing.

The insulation must be installed to the freezing depth. This is the most rational use material, money and time.

Installation should be carried out along the walls of the building. This will reduce the depth and degree of freezing.

Floors

Even if the floorboards fit tightly together, over time they dry out and gaps form. To avoid removing the coating and carrying out insulation work in the future, it is better to do everything correctly at the initial stage.

Floor insulation involves the use of not only insulation, but also vapor and waterproofing. The choice of materials depends on the type of floor, so it is better to consult a specialist before starting work.

The most common method of floor insulation is using joists. To do this, logs are installed in a T-shape in the foundation or frame. Shields are nailed to them from below, on which they are installed necessary materials. First there is hydro- and vapor barrier, then insulation, and the third layer is again hydro- and vapor barrier.

The finishing floor is laid after this work has been completed.

Walls

It can be insulated both outside and inside. There is another option for those who do not want to give up the wooden aesthetics of the timber - interventional insulation.

The choice depends on your preferences. Do you want to admire solid wood both in the interior and exterior? Choose interventional insulation. If only the appearance of the house is important to you and you are not afraid of reducing the area of the rooms, insulate the inside. When only the interior matters, and siding or facing brick seem attractive, then external insulation is best suited.

Materials:

for inter-crown insulation, sheep wool, flax, flax wool or jute are used, the latter option is new on construction market, which has excellent performance characteristics;

for external insulation you can take polystyrene foam or cotton wool;

for internal - only cotton insulation.

Be sure to install vapor barrier materials to prevent moisture from being absorbed by the insulation. Also take care of ventilation in the house to ensure a comfortable climate in the house.

The ceiling is insulated in the same way as the floor, and the technology for insulating the roof is similar to the thermal insulation of walls. We will not dwell on these points.

It is better to consult a specialist about the details when carrying out insulation work. He will be able to give the best advice in your particular case.

Log houses were once quite common, they were built to accommodate people in small towns and villages, they were erected with funds from the local administration in the countryside. Nowadays, municipal housing is not built from timber at all. But there are enough houses like this left, and private construction is now experiencing a boom in this material. Therefore, insulating a house from profiled timber or from ordinary timber is a fairly pressing issue both for the developer of a new home and for the owner of an old one.

The timber used to assemble houses is also used as a supporting structure. Therefore, its insulation will also have a beneficial effect on its durability as the basis of the supporting structure of the entire house, be it a one-story small house, or a municipal three-story apartment building.

How to insulate a house built using profiled timber

Previously (since ancient times), tow was used to insulate gaps between logs. In the last century, insulation of a house made of profiled timber, when this technology began to be used, began to be carried out using jute fiber and flax wool.

Nowadays, various variations of ecowool, mineral wool slabs, fiberglass slabs, expanded polystyrene, and basalt wool are increasingly used for this purpose.

A uniform layer of insulating fiber in the inter-crown space is ensured using tapes of fibrous materials, which are non-woven fabrics attached to the wood using a stapler or glue.

In addition to interventional insulation, they use outdoor installation insulation both by sheets and by inflatable method. Ecowool, mineral wool, polyurethane foam - everything goes into use.

What is meant by the term “insulation of a house made of laminated veneer lumber”

Insulating a house from laminated veneer lumber can protect the building from drafts or the penetration of cool air. Insulation can also be considered as a set of measures to ensure the preservation of heated air inside the house during winter frosts.

Depending on the specific need is selected best insulation for a log house, the specific technology for organizing this part of the construction process, the varying complexity of the set of measures.

One of the most simple processes insulation is considered the process of caulking the inter-crown gaps. Insulation of a house made of profiled timber is organized in this way in several steps:

At the stage of laying the beams, tow is placed between them.
After which (when the log house has already been assembled), the remaining gaps are caulked using a special spatula and hammer, jute-flax fiber or the same tow.

The process is not complicated, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In addition, the worker performing this process must be very careful - this work does not like to be rushed.

The process of insulating walls from the inside

Regardless of what kind of insulation is used for a log house, its initial task is to ensure heat preservation and sound insulation of the interior.

It is worth noting that the insulation must be compact so that there is no significant reduction internal space insulated rooms. Also, the insulation for a log house must be environmentally friendly and resistant to rodent attacks.

After the insulation of a house made of profiled timber from the inside is completed, the structure is closed using plasterboard, wooden/plastic lining or other facing material.
For a detailed article about proper insulation of a log house from the inside, see our website in the “Insulation” section.

Technologies that ensure proper external insulation

Proper insulation At home made of timber, you should start by checking the quality of each of the joints, after the beams have dried, select a thermal insulator and calculate the number of layers (the standard thickness of mineral wool is 50 millimeters).

The process of external insulation is carried out in the following ways:

arrangement of a suspended ventilated facade;
insulation with external polyurethane coating;
insulation using foam plastic.

For a detailed article about external insulation of a wooden house, see our website in the “Insulation” section.

Stages of work on arrangement of suspended ventilated facades

Insulation of the façade of a timber house, provided that the timber is dry, can begin upon completion of construction, since there is no need to wait for drying. Work begins with caulking the inter-crown cracks (the process is described above).

The beams are fastened vertically using nails or self-tapping screws. The width between the beams should be slightly narrower than the width of the insulation.

We organize the lathing in two levels to obtain a gap of 30 mm between the surface of the insulation and the finishing coating.

After this, the technology for insulating a house made of timber involves laying insulation boards end-to-end. Following this, the diffuse membrane is stretched and attached to the sheathing using a stapler.

At the finish we install the material chosen for finishing the facade. For more information about the ventilated curtain facade, see the information at the link.

Insulation with polyurethane spraying

Using polyurethane foam, you can create a homogeneous seamless layer, which is primarily required when insulating a house made of timber. Photos of the final layer can be seen here:

One has only to say that the process itself takes place in several stages, and the final layer must be at least 50 millimeters. Next, the insulation layer is covered with finishing materials.

The process of working with insulation materials installed using the inflatable method is well shown in the article “Insulating a timber house from the outside with ecowool.”

The process of insulation with foam boards

Thanks to foam plastic, it is possible to organize both an internal and external insulation layer. Insulating a house made of profiled timber with polystyrene foam is similar to laying mineral wool.

The difference is that when using it, they do not use anchors, but a special adhesive composition, which is applied to prepared, grease-free walls. Just like in previous methods, the insulation of a house made of laminated veneer lumber is completed with the use of finishing materials.

Choosing the best insulation

At the moment, two materials should be recognized as the best insulation for a log house:

Ecowool
Basalt wool

Both of these materials have all the necessary properties to be considered the best insulation materials:

They allow water vapor to escape.
They do not burn and do not support combustion.
They are the least environmentally dangerous.
They have excellent, extremely low, thermal conductivity.

The only disadvantage of these two materials is their hydrophilicity; when wet, they lose their heat-insulating properties.

Standard timber section for frame house– 150 x 150 mm or 200 x 150 mm, and this is often not enough to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house in winter due to the thickness of the building walls. Therefore, it is necessary to insulate a log house from the outside, and there are quite a lot of such technologies, as well as modern thermal insulation materials. It is considered an axiom that external insulation is much more effective than internal insulation, and this is true - the dew point shifts to safe place, the amount of condensation decreases, the walls continue to “breathe”, but continue to retain and retain heat in the premises of the house.

Scheme of standard external insulation of working external surfaces of a house

Preparatory work on external walls

Before you start insulating a house made of timber from the outside, you should choose from a range of materials for thermal insulation the one that is optimally suited for a house of a particular design, select the technology for laying it and prepare the surfaces of the walls.

Preparation of wooden beam walls comes down to visual inspection in order to detect cracks, pockets of mold and rot, peeling of bark islands, defects in the installation and fastening of doors and windows, etc. Then the walls are caulked or cracks are sealed (if they are found) in another way, for example, putty special composition, treat the walls with antiseptic and fire retardants. Caulk external wall is carried out using one of three well-known special heat insulators that have proven themselves better than others - tow, flax (flax batting) and jute.

Push the insulation into the cracks with a special wooden spatula with a narrow and thin blade. If you don’t have such a spatula, a metal construction spatula with a blade length of 60, 80 or 120 mm will do.

Caulking of timber walls

There are two ways to caulk the walls: insulating the walls of a log house from the outside, stretched, and laying it in a set.

Stretched thermal insulation of surfaces is done in the presence of narrow gaps, and in a set - wide ones. In the first case, the ventilation façade insulation is stretched along the gap thin layer and drive it in with caulk and a hammer until the space is completely filled. Laying into a set is carried out by forming balls of insulation from a wooden house to the size of the gap, then tow or jute is driven into the gap in the same way. Thermal insulation of a wooden house always starts from the bottom row.

When choosing a thermal insulation material, we take into account its performance characteristics:

Thermal conductivity coefficient;
Compressive strength coefficient;
Frost resistance;
The service life indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging.

You can choose from the following list:

Fibrous inorganic insulation - glass wool, mineral wool, stone or basalt wool;
Polystyrene foam in slabs and sheets of different densities;
Extruded polystyrene foam (EPP);
Foamed polyethylene (FPE);
Sprayed polyurethane foam (PPU);
Izoplat boards are windproof.

Types of thermal insulation materials for external insulation of a house made of timber

Mineral wool and substitutes

Mineral wool is an excellent thermal insulator, but it is hygroscopic, and this disadvantage makes it a highly specialized material. Or, insulating with mineral wool timber house, it is necessary to create additional layers of steam and waterproofing materials, so using mineral wool is not a cheap pleasure. When choosing to insulate a log house from the outside with your own hands using mineral wool, you should take into account the average annual air humidity in the region and the building materials with which the house is lined on the outside. Another requirement for mineral wool is that the house must have a ventilated façade.

Choose optimal material The table will help:

Styrofoam	Polyurethane foam	Mineral wool	XPS plate
Cellular	Cellular and porous	Fibrous structure	Sealed cellular material
High moisture resistance	High moisture resistance	High moisture resistance	High moisture resistance
Light weight	Light weight	Light weight	Light weight
Density - medium	Density - low	Density - medium	Density - high
	Compressive strength - low	Compressive strength - average	Compressive strength - high
Eco-friendly material	Eco-friendly material, but at temperatures ≥ 500C it evaporates CO2 and CO3	Eco-friendly material	Eco-friendly material
Limited suitability for mechanical stress
Destroys quickly over time	Takes a long time to break down	Durable material	Durable material
Destroyed under the sun	Doesn't break down under the sun	Doesn't break down under the sun	Doesn't break down under the sun

Comparison of materials by thermal conductivity

Foam insulation

Polystyrene foam is selected based on its density - high density means low thermal conductivity. The table below will help you correctly navigate the characteristics of polystyrene foam when insulating a wooden house:

A log house can be insulated with any polystyrene foam standard thickness sheet or plate 5 or 10 cm.

Insulation of a log house with polystyrene foam

Insulation with extruded polystyrene foam (EPS)

Before you insulate a house made of timber with EPS, think about exceeding the estimate - this thermal insulation material costs much more than polystyrene foam and mineral wool.

EPS is attached to the walls with glue, which should not contain acetone, toluene, water, ethyl acetate and all derivatives of these substances. Therefore, when using this insulation, it is recommended to buy the following glue:

Adhesive foam brand "TechnoNIKOL";
Glue “Ceresit” CT-85;
Adhesive facade composition "Allfix";
Glue "Bitumast";
Glue “Illbruck PU-010” based on polyurethane;
Adhesive composition "Insta-Stick Universal-145345".

Attaching EPS to wood with glue

Foamed polyethylene NPE

The advantages of NPE over other thermal insulation materials are as follows:

Low thermal conductivity coefficient;
The elasticity and elasticity of the material allows it to be laid on uneven surfaces;
Light weight and low cost.

Foamed polyethylene is produced as high-pressure insulation (HDPE) and low-pressure insulation (LDPE), the material is foiled with an aluminum layer on one or both sides. In individual construction, the following brands of NPE are most often practiced:

Insulating harness “Vilaterm”;
Rolled heat insulator in the form of “Thermopol” mats. Mat thickness - 1.5-4 cm;
Roll insulation "Penofol". Has a foil layer on one or both sides.

Foamed polyethylene for log house

When insulating a house with a layer of foamed polyethylene, there is no need to equip additional layers of vapor and waterproofing, and that too distinctive feature material – NPE is non-hygroscopic. And the low cost of foamed polyethylene rolls gives good opportunity save family budget without loss of quality of work on insulating the house outside.

Izoplat – windproof boards

The manufacturer is Finland, and everyone there knows about frost. Izoplat is made from fibers coniferous trees, without synthetic and harmful additives and additives. Standard sizes products - thickness 12 mm, length - 2700 mm and width - 1200 mm; in terms of heat retention properties, such a 12 mm thick plate is equal to a 44 mm layer of pure wood.

Positive qualities of Izoplat insulation:

Hermetic surface and elasticity, which is why windproof boards cover the walls of the house very tightly;
Thermal conductivity coefficient of Izoplat insulation: λ10 ≤ 0.045 W/m K;
Good vapor permeability allows the building wall to breathe, therefore minimizing the possibility of mold and other fungal diseases;
High moisture resistance due to impregnation of the boards with paraffin;
Noise insulation – 23 dB. For comparison: a three-chamber PVC window has a sound insulation of 47 dB;
With dimensions of 2700 x 1200 x 12 mm and a weight of one plate of 9 kg, quick and easy installation on walls is ensured;
Guaranteed service life - ≥ 50-70 years;
Absolutely environmentally friendly, since the material is natural.

Insulation of external walls of a wooden house with Izoplatom

Basics of insulating a timber house

Wood is a hygroscopic material, so the surface of the walls can be deformed to a fairly large depth. Although profiled laminated veneer lumber is impregnated with moisture-repellent substances, the material absorbs moisture, although in small quantities, but sufficient to cause wall deformations. First of all, deformations manifest themselves in distortions of windows and doors, which have to be additionally insulated or reinstalled.

When insulating a house with Isoplat, you need to create ventilation gap so that excess moisture comes out of the wood and does not deform it. Then a thermal insulation layer of slabs with decorative cladding made of siding, lining and other similar materials. Therefore, a ventilated facade for timber construction required.

Scheme of insulation of a timber house "Izoplatom" Methods of attaching "Izoplat" slabs to a wooden surface

The ventilation façade scheme consists of the following layers:

Wall surface;
Wooden or metal sheathing;
Insulation layer;
Vapor barrier;
Ventilation gap;
Decorative protective cladding.

Regardless of the insulation material, be sure to observe the correct layer-by-layer fastening of building materials. And lastly: between the layer of any insulation and the layer decorative cladding it is necessary to leave an air gap of ≈ 10 mm.

Availability and excellent thermal characteristics make profiled timber one of the favorite materials of builders. Many believe that due to thermal insulation, lumber does not require additional insulation. This opinion is most often wrong. Below we will understand in what cases thermal insulation is required at home, and how exactly it should be carried out.

Insulation of lumber is not always required. A warm climate or temporary residence in a house allows the structure to retain heat without additional costs. The fastening system of profiled timber has no gaps, and this is a plus, since it is preserved inside the building comfortable temperature for accommodation.

This also allows you to save on finishing, since pre-treated lumber does not require additional sanding.

If the construction of a house takes place in a cold climate, or you plan to live indoors for a long time, insulation is a must.

Stages of insulating a house made of profiled timber

All elements of the house need insulation. Therefore, it is worth taking each of them responsibly. Otherwise, the event will be useless.

Foundation

There are two ways to insulate the foundation:

internal;
external.

Internal insulation is extremely undesirable and is recommended only if for some reason external insulation is impossible.

External insulation has a number of advantages:

materials for it are cheaper than for internal insulation;
allows you to avoid freezing and, as a result, sudden changes in temperature, which lead to the destruction of the structure;
allows you to save the internal space of the basement.

The most preferred material for foundation insulation is polyurethane foam.

It is more expensive than polystyrene foam, and has the following advantages:

its installation does not take much time;
no seams or gaps;
there are no cold bridges.

Special equipment is used to lay such material. The thickness of the insulation layer should not be less than 5 centimeters.

A little less often they use insulation - extruded polystyrene foam. It only has a couple of advantages:

low price;
absolute immunity to moisture.

Floor

A floor laid with boards will sooner or later become covered with gaps and cracks. This means that the thermal insulation of the room will drop sharply. To prevent this from happening, the floor is also insulated. Moreover, it is advisable to do this at the stage of building a house in order to avoid problems with relaying boards in the future.

On a note!

Thermal insulation flooring involves not only laying insulation, but also hydro- and vapor barrier. It is best to agree on what materials are required with a specialist, since the choice depends on many factors, such as the material of the boards, ventilation system in the house and so on.

In order to insulate the floor, logs are installed in the foundation. Then the panels are nailed to the timber and hydro- and vapor barriers, insulation and both insulations are installed again.

This method is not the only one, but is more common in its implementation.

Walls

There are only three options for wall insulation:

external;
internal;
interventional

The last option is for those who care about the aesthetics of the room.

As a rule, for thermal insulation of walls they are used following materials:

natural insulation materials: flax, sheep wool, flax wool, etc. Such materials are suitable for inter-crown installation;
polystyrene foam or any cotton material is ideal for external insulation;
for the interior - exclusively cotton insulation.

In addition to thermal insulation materials, a vapor barrier will also be required, which will prevent the insulation from absorbing moisture.

The timber from which it is assembled is also used for the construction of load-bearing structures or fences. In fact, it is a log after edging on 2, 3 or 4 sides. Three-sided processing produces timber with a front side that imitates a log surface.

Types of timber

For low-rise housing construction they use:

solid timber (cheap, but burdened with long-term shrinkage in the future);
glued (high-tech, with specified useful properties, and therefore expensive material);
profiled (with a tongue-and-groove connection installed during processing - this removes the internal pressure leading to cracking of the wood).

profiled timber (German) - “comb”;
profiled timber (Finnish) - with two tenons for connection;
profiled timber with cups - grooves for corner joints;
timber with a smooth front surface;
timber with a convex front surface.

What makes timber the preferred material in private housing construction?

Design-friendly appearance, the ability to play with color and texture.
Simplicity and waste-free construction.
Factory surface treatment suitable for applying finishing materials (drying oils, paints).
Environmentally friendly construction while maintaining a healthy microclimate.
Superior performance properties over rounded logs.
Comparative efficiency.

All appearing later flaws houses made of timber are a consequence of violations of the production technology of this material.

No matter how carefully the walls made of profiled timber are assembled, it is impossible to avoid loose fit and cracks. They make the house ventilated and permeable to low temperatures.

Therefore, an important stage of construction is the correct insulation of a house made of timber - internal and external.

Insulation of a house made of profiled timber

Traditional tow has now become effective competitors: jute, linen wool, ecowool, mineral wool slabs, fiberglass, expanded polystyrene, thermobasalt. To evenly distribute the insulation between the crowns, tapes made of fibrous materials in the form of a non-woven fabric are used, which are attached to the wood with a stapler or glue.

In choosing insulation worth following not only its heat-saving properties, but also its susceptibility to open fire, fungal and mold damage.

What is meant by “insulation of a wooden house”

Insulating a house made of timber can mean simply protection from blowing, or protection from the penetration of cold air. Or we can consider this process as a set of measures to preserve internal heat in winter conditions. Each of the target installations will require different insulation materials, different technologies for implementing this stage of construction, and varying degrees of complexity of the measures taken.

Insulating the house from the inside

Whatever insulation is used in this case, its primary task of preserving heat is certainly combined with sound insulation from the external environment. Insulating the walls inside should not significantly reduce the size of the premises, so insulation boards are chosen no thicker than 3 cm. They are environmentally safe and resistant to destruction by rodents. On top of the insulation, the walls are usually lined with plasterboard.

Technology for proper insulation of a house made of timber from the outside

Work on insulating a timber house from the outside begins with checking the quality of the joints after reaching the natural moisture content of the timber, selecting a heat insulator and calculating its required thickness (up to 7 cm). Now there is a convenient opportunity to make calculations using an online calculator on the Internet.

External insulation can be done in the following way:

arrange a suspended ventilated façade;
insulate the outside with polyurethane spraying;
insulate with polystyrene foam.

Required tools for insulation work.

Tape measure and plumb level.
Hacksaw.
Self-tapping screws.
Ladder or scaffolding.
Lumber for sheathing.

Sequence of work on installing a suspended ventilated facade

If the timber used in construction was dry, then the curtain wall can begin to be made immediately after the construction of the log house.

First of all, you need to seal the inter-crown cracks (see “caulking”).
The sheathing begins to be assembled from a frame made of bars (50x70 according to the height of the insulation). They are fastened to the wall vertically with nails, in increments along the width of the insulation.
Using ventilated facade technology, the lathing is made in two levels to obtain a gap of 3 cm between the insulation and the finishing coating.
Insulation boards are laid end-to-end between the sheathing structures.
A special material (diffuse membrane) is stretched, fastened to the sheathing with a construction stapler.
Strengthen the finishing material of the facade.

This type of insulation makes the façade stable to any type of atmospheric phenomena, prevents rotting and molding, preserves the ability of wooden walls to “breathe”.

Insulation by spraying polyurethane foam

However, it is necessary to provide when designing a house, a ventilation system that effectively solves the problem of vapor permeability of polyurethane film.

Foam insulation

Starting profiles are attached horizontally to clean, dry walls below to prevent the cladding from slipping.
Glue is applied both to the foam and to the gluing site, lubricating the joints.
Work is carried out from the bottom up.
The drying time of the glue is 3 days.
After drying, the foam is further strengthened with special dowels.
Subsequent work is carried out after priming the layer.

Shrinkage of profile timber up to 3-4% occurs in the first six months to a year.
When working with insulation, it is important to observe safety measures: eye protection - goggles, hand protection - mittens, respiratory protection - respirator.
The insulation cannot be stored outdoors: getting wet will reduce its heat-protective properties.
Insulation boards can be installed by surprise without additional fasteners if the distance between the sheathing elements is reduced by 1.5 cm.
Spray insulation can be done at temperatures not lower than 10 degrees.
Organic insulation materials are susceptible to destruction by rodents.

A house made of timber has replaced traditional log buildings. It always has a special atmosphere of comfort, and the natural wood used provides a favorable microclimate. However, in order for the house to become truly comfortable and warm, it is important to take care of insulation. Thermal insulation material in such buildings fills the inter-crown space.

Types of building materials

There are several varieties of timber.

The most accessible - regular or solid(non-profiled). It is a log sawn on all sides, thanks to which it has square section size 150-220 mm. This material is more susceptible to shrinkage and adverse environmental influences than others. Over time, it cracks, and due to discrepancies in the geometry and sizes of individual products, cracks form in the structure. It is better to use such timber if you plan to further cover it inside and out.
Profiled the timber has a more precise geometry; it is equipped with tenons and grooves. Due to this, the appearance of cracks during installation is minimized. Outwardly, it is more attractive - there are no knots, shadows, or cracks on the surface. Since profiled timber, like regular timber, is cut from solid log, it also shrinks. However, it is less susceptible to deformation than its non-profiled counterpart.

The house shrinks the least made of glued timber. These are boards made of cedar, pine or larch fixed together, which are thoroughly dried beforehand. It is drying that ensures the absence of warping. This material does not require additional processing; it has convenient system fastenings, characterized by precise geometry. Compared to analogues, it has the highest cost, but cannot be considered completely environmentally friendly due to the presence of glue in the composition.

Features of the procedure

The use of interventional insulation allows you to solve the following problems:

maintaining and increasing the thermal insulation qualities of the array;
increasing the service life of the building;
preventing the ingress of moisture from the outside, the appearance of mold and mildew;
ensuring vapor permeability.

Proper insulation of a log house will significantly increase its thermal efficiency and eliminate cold bridges that invariably arise between the elements of the timber.

The walls will become windproof even for squally winds. Internal insulation will allow you to maintain an optimal balance of temperature and humidity. Wood that is sensitive to changes in these indicators will not be subject to deformation due to the significant difference in temperatures inside and outside the room.

What is the best way to insulate?

In ancient times, for insulation log house used waste from household fabrics. They were of plant origin, and therefore were safe and vapor permeable. This helped maintain optimal temperature and natural air humidity in the house. Today the criteria quality material are low thermal conductivity, vapor permeability and environmental friendliness.

We must not forget that wood is subject to annual fluctuations in the linear size of the beam (a recently built house shrinks). Therefore, you need to choose an elastic, elastic material that will be able to shrink and expand without losing technical properties. Traditional inter-crown insulation materials are flax (the rough parts of the plant that remain after preparing the raw materials for linen fabric), jute, tow and felt (made from sheep's wool). Let's take a closer look at their modern modifications.

Lnovatin

Flax fiber (linen felt) – non-woven material based on flax, obtained by pressing. The release form is strips 8.5-200 mm wide and 5-7 mm thick, rolled into a roll. The standard roll length is 2000 mm. The advantage of using flax fiber for timber is its environmental friendliness. It does not cause allergies, it is made from purified flax (not from industrial waste).

Linen felt has good adhesion and provides uniform insulation of the entire surface of the inter-crown gap. In addition, it has soundproofing abilities.

The use of flax fiber allows you to maintain an optimal indoor microclimate. The material absorbs excess moisture and releases it when air humidity levels drop excessively.

It is worth noting the ease of installation of flax fiber.

A jute cord attached over the insulation allows you to give the building an attractive, finished appearance. However, if the material is fixed under drywall, you can refuse to use the cord. Like any material, linen felt has disadvantages: insects can settle in the thickness of the flax fiber, and mice can take it apart.

Jute

This material is a modern inter-crown insulation, the basis of which is a processed annual tropical plant of the linden family. His unique resins are a powerful antiseptic. They protect not only the insulation itself from rotting, but also wooden surfaces walls In addition, the presence of resins makes the material unattractive to rodents.

Jute for timber can be purchased in the form of rolls or ropes. The first varieties have a thickness of 15 mm, their width varies between 100-200 mm, and their length is 2000 mm. Ropes are often used as decorative element, since jute has an attractive golden hue that blends harmoniously with natural wood. A high resin content also has a downside.

The material quickly sticks together and dries. This leads to a decrease in its volume and the appearance of cracks in the wall. This can be avoided by mixing jute with flax fiber. The result is flax jute (the percentage of flax and jute is 50 x 50%) and jute felt (the ratio of flax and jute is 10 x 90%).

Tow

Felt

The basis of the material is natural sheep wool, which provides high sound and heat insulation characteristics of the material. To ensure the biostability of raw materials, they are treated with special impregnations. The advantages of the material are its elasticity and elasticity. Thanks to this, it fills the entire space without leaving cold bridges.

As the house shrinks or wood expands under the influence of high humidity, the felt expands or contracts. This ensures that its thermal insulation qualities remain unchanged. It does not absorb moisture, does not shrink during operation, and is a vapor-permeable material. The only drawback is the high cost. Available in rolls, the thickness of which is 12-18 mm, and the width varies from 90 to 200 mm.

Artificial

Besides traditional insulation materials can be found on sale today artificial materials. For example, these include thermal insulation material produced in the form of tapes based on polyester fiber. It has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, and repels moisture. All this ensures the biostability of the product and its ability to maintain a pleasant indoor microclimate.

In demand thermal insulation is PSUL(pre-compressed sealing tape) based on polyurethane foam, having acrylic impregnation. A special feature of the product is its ability to expand after installation, filling the entire inter-crown space. The durability of PSUL is another advantage. Its service life reaches 20 years.

Latex, silicone, acrylic sealants are widely used, with the help of which you can eliminate inter-crown cracks and get rid of cracks in the wood that appear when the material dries out. Sealants fill cracks and free spaces, which prevents the appearance of cold bridges. They do not absorb moisture, but at the same time they are vapor permeable. Due to the elasticity of the sealant, it can be used even in newly built houses.

The sealant is easy to use due to its convenient release form (tube). Thanks to the variety of shades, it does not need decoration. The material has good adhesion to wood and other materials. This makes it possible to use it in houses that have wood concrete, foam blocks or other building blocks as a foundation.

Important point– sealants are not suitable as the only insulation for primary caulking. They should be combined with elastic synthetic insulation, and also used to eliminate cracks in the timber itself after shrinkage.

Review of manufacturers

Polyester-based artificial insulation has become widespread. The leading manufacturer of such materials is the Finnish company PolyTerm. You should trust this product simply because wood construction It is common in Finland, and the harsh winters are in many ways similar to those in Russia. The material is safe for humans. Even after years of use, it does not decompose and does not release toxins.

Despite its artificial origin, the material is characterized by vapor permeability, fire resistance and chemical inertness.

It has a low thermal conductivity coefficient and is characterized by its ability to expand and contract. This prevents gaps from forming as a result of home shrinkage. The kit includes special shaped elements designed to connect the knots of the log house.

Products from domestic manufacturer Avaterm. It has the same advantages as its Finnish counterpart. The service life of this insulation is up to 200 years. Products are designed taking into account technical features houses from different types timber (glued, profiled).

When drilling, particles of material do not wrap around the drill. It easily passes through the insulation, leaving smooth edges at the perforation site.

Among the reputable manufacturers of sealants for inter-crown insulation, one can note the products of “Conseal”, Neomid “ Warm seam", Weatherall and Wepost Wood. These materials are characterized by high performance characteristics.

How to do the work yourself?

Immediately after construction, the inter-crown spaces are insulated from the inside, that is, primary caulking is carried out. For this roll insulation twist and fill the space between the logs using a chisel. Those who make repairs with their own hands should know that first they caulk the lower link along the entire perimeter. Only after this can you rise higher, carrying out work along the entire perimeter. If you first completely caulk one wall and then the second, this can lead to warping of the house.

First of all, the inter-crown space should be cleared of dust and debris. Next, the heat-insulating material is twisted, applied to the crack and hammered into it with blows of a chisel or mallet. Excess material is cut off.

When using synthetic insulation, it is recommended to apply a layer of sealant over it.

After a year, the largest shrinkage of the house will occur, after which you can begin insulation. Before insulating the walls, you need to check the condition of the wood and inter-crown material. If cracks and cold bridges appear, it is necessary to re-caulk. After this, antiseptic solutions and antipyrines are applied to the walls. In rooms with high air humidity, it is recommended to treat the timber with water-repellent compounds (for example, drying oil).

Further internal insulation involves fastening along the entire perimeter vapor barrier material. It is attached with overlaps of 10 cm and secured with a stapler. It is necessary to protect the house with a vapor barrier layer so that it breathes, and the wood and insulation are not saturated with moisture vapor.

If you plan to use penofol (insulation based on foamed polyethylene with a foil layer) or mineral wool, a vapor barrier layer is not needed.

Unfortunately, the price of energy resources rises almost every year, which is most directly related to the considerable costs of heating a country house. In some way, the contents of your wallet and work on insulation can help correct this situation without compromising your own health. If you are the owner of a wooden country house made of profiled timber, and have not yet decided on the issue of thermal insulation of the walls, then our article today will come in handy.

Carrying out insulation work for a house made of profiled timber

How to properly insulate the outside and is it necessary to invite outside specialists for these purposes? To be honest, everything can be done with your own hands, and the work itself consists of small quantity Quite simple steps:

calculation of the required insulation thickness and right choice material for thermal insulation;
caulking of cracks in the walls of a house made of profiled timber;
installation of lathing to secure thermal insulation;
installation of thermal insulation material;
fastening the windproof fabric and installing additional sheathing to create a ventilation gap;
exterior finishing of the house from profiled timber and, if necessary, application of a protective composition to this finishing.

Internal insulation of a house made of profiled timber

Despite the increased interest in internal insulation a one-story house made of profiled timber, experts strongly advise choosing the right way - to insulate the house made of profiled timber from the outside. Why? Here are some important reasons:

with this approach, the dew point shifts to the space between the beam and the thermal insulation. So the poet appears in the walls high humidity, rotting of the profiled timber occurs, as well as the development of mold and the like;
materials for thermal insulation and finishing of the house are practically eaten up usable area houses made of profiled timber;
in general, there are simply no necessary reasons why you needed to insulate a house made of profiled timber inside.

External insulation of a house made of profiled timber

Let's start working on preparing the walls. If you use profiled timber with natural humidity, then you should wait a little, that is, until the timber dries to the equilibrium humidity value. With profiled dry timber, the situation is different; work with it almost immediately after assembling a log house from profiled timber. And the very first thing that should be done is to seal all the openings between the crowns, using tow, linen rope or jute. Caulking profiled timber has only one simple goal - to reduce the air flow through the walls of the house.

After which, you should select a certain type of material for thermal insulation. As a rule, for insulation country houses from profiled timber, insulation is used, which is made on the basis of mineral wool. A wide range of construction products is produced under the brands Insulation, KNAUF, ISOVER, ROCKWOOL and many others - you just need to choose the option you need based on your existing budget. Required thickness It is quite easy to calculate using a special online calculator, so we will not go further into solving this issue now. It is only worth noting that quite often this value is taken to be either 50 or 100 mm.

Having decided on the thickness type thermal insulation material, you can begin installing the sheathing. It looks like a frame made of bars that are attached to the wall in increments equal to the width of the insulation, but not less than 600 millimeters. Fastening is done using self-tapping screws, nails, screws and the like. The material for the sheathing can be ordinary timber 50x70 millimeters or lumber, which will have a larger width - it should be the same as the thickness of the thermal insulation material.

After this, the insulation boards are placed between the sheathing parts at random. The thermal insulation is covered with a special superdiffusion membrane, and then attached to the sheathing using construction stapler. In order to create a ventilation gap with a width of 30 millimeters, bars of the required thickness are attached to the sheathing. And then you can mount some finishing material on them, for example, imitation timber.

Conclusion

So we tried to give answers to questions of interest on this topic: how to independently insulate a house from profiled timber. It has now become clear that this work does not require special skills and can be performed by almost anyone who knows how to use a screwdriver and a hammer. We hope everything works out for you!