Insulate the walls inside a panel house. How to eliminate the gap between the floor and the wall? How to reinforce an insulation surface

The content of the article:

Wall insulation is a series of measures aimed at increasing the comfort of living in a house by reducing its heat losses. High-quality thermal insulation of enclosing structures allows you to provide the premises with an acceptable temperature and optimal level humidity. Modern technologies for insulating panel walls make it possible to carry out the necessary procedures without temporarily eviction of residents and with minimal financial costs.

Choosing a method for wall insulation

Compared to brick buildings, panel houses have much less resistance to the effects of sudden temperature changes. IN winter period Concrete walls freeze very much, and with the onset of heat they condense moisture on their inner surface, which contributes to the formation of mold. In such conditions, the decorative finishing of the room can become completely unusable, not to mention the harmful effect of fungal spores on the health of the inhabitants of the home.

Only the right decision for concrete panel walls is their thermal insulation, creating a “thermos” effect in the interior of the house. There are two types of wall insulation: internal and external. The choice of any of them depends on the area of the premises, living conditions, number of floors and financial capabilities of the owners.

Owners of private houses have the opportunity to carry out both external and internal insulation themselves. External thermal insulation apartment buildings You won’t be able to do it yourself, because with outside at home, materials should be installed exclusively by experienced specialists who have permission to conduct high-altitude work and appropriate industrial climber equipment. Such work is not cheap, so many apartment owners prefer to insulate the panel wall from the inside on their own.

Internal thermal insulation of walls has more disadvantages than advantages. With such insulation, the area of the room is reduced by an average of 8-10 cm along the entire length of the walls due to the thickness of the insulation and decorative cladding. During the renovation, full use of the room becomes impossible. Foam or mineral wool, which is used as insulation, can subsequently cause an allergic reaction in the body.

But most importantly, the insulation laid on the inside insulates Wall panels from the heating system. This means they are in the zone subzero temperatures. As a result, the dew point shifts to the inner surface of the walls, as a result of which condensation accumulates between the insulation and the enclosing structure, which contributes to the development of fungus. However, with the right internal insulation many of him negative factors can be minimized.

If it is possible to insulate panel walls from the outside, it is recommended to give preference to this method. It has undoubted advantages:

The load-bearing walls of the building are covered with insulation and sheathing against weathering and precipitation, which extends its service life.
By moving the dew point to the outer surface of the walls, they do not freeze in winter and keep the room cool in summer.
The usable area of the room is preserved, which is especially important for small apartments.
Unlike internal insulation, the room can be fully used during thermal insulation.

The materials used to insulate panel walls using this method have increased heat and sound insulation, high strength, durability, resistance to precipitation and changes in outside air temperature.

External thermal insulation changes the appearance of the facade. Sometimes this requires permission from the authorities.

Selection of material for wall insulation

Wall insulation is carried out using various heat-insulating materials, which differ from each other in their properties, scope and cost. The most popular of them in in this case are foam, glass and mineral basalt wool.

Any wall insulation must be characterized by long-term operation, fire resistance, elasticity, absence of heat loss and the presence of biological protection. Their environmental Safety is also extremely important, especially when used for internal insulation of premises, since low-quality material can negatively affect the health of their inhabitants.

For the right choice it is necessary to know the properties of this or that insulation. Let's look at them in detail:

Mineral wool. Basalt stone is used as the main raw material for its production. Cotton wool has a fibrous structure, thanks to which the material retains air, which in itself is an excellent heat insulator. Mineral wool is available in slabs or rolls. It has low thermal conductivity, good fire resistance and durability. Its only drawback will be instability to moisture. Therefore, when installing mineral wool, it requires careful waterproofing protection. The material is used for both external and internal insulation of walls in a panel house.
Glass wool. The structure of this insulation is made up of thin glass fibers up to 5 cm long. Previously, the material was very popular, but in last years began to give way to more technologically advanced models. Glass wool does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, has good sound insulation characteristics and low cost. It is not suitable for rodents and does not support the development of fungus and mold. The insulation is environmentally friendly and elastic: if glass wool is compressed, it quickly acquires its original appearance after removal from the packaging. However, compared to other thermal insulation materials, the service life of glass wool is slightly lower. In addition, working with it requires the presence of protective equipment for the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. When the glass fibers of the material come into contact with the body, they cause severe itching, so it is recommended to install such insulation in thick clothing and gloves. Special glasses and a respirator will also not be superfluous.
Styrofoam. This is the most common and economical insulation. There are two types of it: foamed and extruded. They differ in manufacturing technology, appearance and price. The first is cheaper, consists of sintered granules, and the second has a dense, fine-cell structure. Most often, polystyrene foam is produced in the form of slabs. It has excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics, excellent moisture resistance, light weight and durability when installed correctly. The disadvantages of this insulation include its fragility, which mainly concerns foamed foam. Therefore, when purchasing several slabs, it is recommended to take in reserve. Polystyrene foam is flammable material, which during a fire releases toxins that are hazardous to health, although the fire itself can hardly be called safe. And lastly: this insulation does not have biological protection, so rodents and mold can grow in it. To minimize risks, you need to work with polystyrene foam in a strictly technological sequence.
Penofol. It belongs to the new generation of thermal insulation. The insulation is made by foaming polyethylene and has a foil coating. It can be used for external and internal wall insulation. Penofol is produced in the form of rolls and is characterized by its small thickness, which does not affect its heat-insulating qualities. It is environmentally friendly, easy to install and compact for transportation. In addition, this material is characterized by high sound insulation, fire safety and low vapor permeability. The insulation is laid using a special adhesive composition.
Fibrolite. The insulation is made from compressed wood shavings, using magnesium salt or Portland cement as a binder. Fiberboard goes on sale in the form of slabs covered with a protective film on top, which prevents the penetration of moisture into the material and the formation of mold. The material is easy to process and easy to install. After installation on the wall, the fiberboard slabs are plastered. After this, the finished coating becomes hard and durable.
Cork insulation. The material is used for internal insulation of panel walls. Of all the above insulation materials, it is the most environmentally friendly. Cork insulation has high strength, low weight, and low thermal conductivity. It is durable, multifunctional and shrink resistant. The material is produced in the form of plates. After installing them on the wall, there is no need to perform further finishing of the coating; it will already have a quite presentable appearance. In addition, cork insulation has good biological protection, which counteracts the appearance of various microorganisms in it. This material is expensive, but the price is more than compensated by its advantages.
Foamed polyurethane. To apply it to the surface, special equipment and installation of formwork are required. The material goes through the polymerization process very quickly, and after its completion it is covered with a waterproofing film. The structure of the insulation resembles a frozen layer of polyurethane foam. Its strength is low, so polyurethane must be covered external finishing. As an additional hard covering, you can use plasterboard sheets or plywood. Due to the fact that the entire structure is mounted on a frame, the usable area of the room will be reduced by the thickness of the internal cladding.

Before purchasing any insulation for panel walls, it is recommended to check product certificates and the material’s compliance with sanitary and fire safety standards.

Preparing the surface of panel walls for thermal insulation

Before insulating walls panel house selected material, it is necessary to prepare them with the preliminary purchase of appropriate tools. But first you need to determine the source of heat loss through the wall panels. As a rule, residents of the lower floors suffer more than others from cold and dampness. The same applies to rooms that are located at the end parts of the building. In such places there is the largest area of contact between the walls and outside air and humidity.

Cold can enter the room through cracks in doors and window openings, but the main cause of heat loss is poor-quality sealing or destruction of the material between panel seams. The main indicator of such a defect is the presence of traces of mold in the corners of the ceiling or floor. In addition, the air in the room is constantly damp. Therefore, any insulation of panel walls should begin with sealing the joints between their elements. For this purpose, special silicone-based mixtures are used.

Thermal insulation of panels is recommended to be carried out in warm period year, preferably in the summer. The walls must be dry. During internal insulation, their surface should be cleaned of paint, wallpaper and other decorative finishes. When working outside, the façade must also be cleaned and dried. These procedures are performed using manual and electric tools: spatulas, scrapers, drills with attachments, industrial hair dryers, etc.

After cleaning the panel walls, they must be inspected to identify cracks, crevices, depressions and sagging. Lumps from the surface can be knocked off with a chisel, and the remaining defects found can be sealed with cement or gypsum mortar. Problem areas Before repair, it should be treated with a primer for better adhesion of materials.

When minor defects panels will be removed, it is recommended to check their surface with a two-meter strip. The gaps between the wall plane and the attached tool should not exceed 2-3 mm. But usually no problems arise, since factory-made concrete products are initially smooth. If necessary, continuous leveling can be performed thin layer putties.

On last stage To prepare the walls, they need to be treated with a penetrating primer in 2-3 layers. Adhesive composition the insulation on such a surface will adhere much better. For internal thermal insulation, the wall should be treated with an antiseptic before priming to prevent the formation of mold. Each applied coat of primer must be completely dry. After final drying, you can begin internal or external insulation of walls in a panel house.

As mentioned above, thermal insulation of walls from the inside creates favorable conditions for condensation between the insulation and inner surface walls. To minimize the risk of fungus formation for this reason, the layer of material must be hermetically sealed with a vapor-proof film and provide the necessary heat transfer resistance with a minimum thickness. The thicker the insulation layer, the lower the temperature on the wall and the higher the likelihood of steam condensation. In addition, for internal insulation, similar insulation is required for door and window slopes external walls.

Thermal insulation of panel walls with foam plastic

For thermal insulation of panel walls, foam plastic boards PSB-S-25(35), which have an increased density, are used. They are fixed to the surface with a special or tile adhesive, which should ensure maximum filling of the gap between the wall and the insulation.

After gluing, it is recommended that all plates be additionally secured to the wall with plastic disc-shaped dowels, the caps of which will tightly press the material to the base surface. Five dowels are enough for one slab. The coating must be airtight, so the joints of the sheets must be tightly adjusted, and large gaps must be filled with polyurethane foam.

Then a layer of glue should be evenly applied to the surface of the thermal insulation and a fiberglass reinforcing mesh with cells measuring 3-6 mm should be pressed into it. After the mixture has dried, an adhesive leveling layer 2 mm thick should be applied to the coating, and the corners should be reinforced with perforated galvanized profiles.

When the glue has dried, the wall can be plastered for wallpapering, painting, or simply tiled.

Wall insulation with mineral wool

For such thermal insulation, a wall frame is required. It can be made from U-shaped metal profiles or wooden beam. The pitch between the frame posts should be 2-3 mm less than the width of the insulation boards. This will allow the material to be held apart between the vertical bars. The density of mineral wool must be at least 75 kg/m3.

Unlike polystyrene foam, mineral wool is vapor permeable. Therefore, after laying the insulation into the cells of the frame, the heat-insulating material must be hermetically covered with a protective film. It is attached to a wooden frame using staplers, and to a metal frame - double-sided tape. Vapor barrier sheets are installed with an overlap of at least 100 mm, their joints are located at vertical elements frame and glued with metallized tape. The film must have overlaps on the floor, ceiling, openings and adjacent walls.

Places where the film is adjacent to pipes and electrical appliances, must be handled carefully. For this, special liquid sealants are used. The composition is applied to the junction, the film is pressed against it, and then secured with construction tape to prevent displacement.

After completing the thermal insulation of the wall, you can finish it. Plasterboard sheets, plastic panels, wooden lining and other materials that can be attached to the frame with screws.

Insulation of walls in a panel house with penofol

For internal wall insulation with this material, a wooden frame is needed, which allows you to use all its properties with maximum effect. Due to the fact that penofol has a foil coating, which has high electrical conductivity, it is necessary to check the insulation of cables running along the wall to avoid short circuits. If necessary, they can be stretched in a protective corrugated sleeve.

After making the frame, you should cut the penofol with a knife into sheets, and then attach them end-to-end to the wooden posts with staplers. Then you need to make another frame, leaving an air gap of 2 cm, and attach sheets or panels to it, which can later be puttied, wallpapered or painted.

Thermal insulation of walls in a panel house from the outside

There are two main methods of external insulation of panel walls: dry and wet. The first method of thermal insulation involves installing a special protective screen on the wall, which is called a “ventilated facade”. Its basis is a frame made of metal, on which the insulation is fixed, and then the external cladding is made.

Wet insulation is a frameless installation of insulation on walls followed by finishing with building mixtures. Usually this different kinds plasters, which may differ from each other color scheme, efficiency, relief and other advantages.

Work on external insulation of a house begins with repairs interpanel seams. They are cleaned of seals, old plaster, and then primed and dried. Then a new seal is installed in the seams, and the priming and putty are repeated.

At the next stage, the walls are prepared. They are cleaned of dirt and old coating. With the wet insulation method, foam plastic is most often used as a thermal insulation material. The technology for its installation is practically no different from the method described in previous section. The only caveat is that the quality finishing coating here to protect the insulation should be used building mixtures, resistant to precipitation and temperature changes.

Using frame technology When insulating walls from the outside, the heat insulator is usually basalt wool, which is placed in cells metal structure ventilated facade and sealed with a vapor barrier membrane. External cladding the frame in this case can be made of profiled sheet, plastic panels, wood and other materials.

Watch a video about thermal insulation of walls in a panel house:

To summarize, I would like to add the following. We hope you have received the necessary information on how to insulate a panel wall in an affordable way. It became obvious that it is better to carry out such work from the outside rather than from the inside of the house. Finding performers for this task is not difficult. There are many construction companies who will insulate the apartment reliably, quickly and efficiently. But if your home is low-rise, you can do all the work yourself and spend the money saved on charity!

In order for living in a house to be as comfortable as possible, it should be warm and cozy. Most often, retain the heat that comes from heating devices, high-quality insulated walls help. Lack of insulation leads to increased heat losses and increased heating costs. We’ll talk further about how to insulate walls in a panel house.

Wall insulation in a panel house: advantages and disadvantages

There are two main types of wall insulation:

internal;
external

The choice of one option or another depends on the individual capabilities of the room, its area, the type of building in which the work is carried out and the number of floors. By insulating the walls inside your home, you will receive the following benefits:

weather and climatic conditions do not affect the insulation process in any way;
reduction of heat losses in the room;
ease and speed of work, since there is no need to create various kinds of structural elements for wall insulation.

Despite this, internal wall insulation has the following disadvantages:

a slight reduction in the usable area of the rooms, especially important for small apartments;
internal insulation negatively affects the overall microclimate of the room, since winter time years, condensation forms behind the wall, which, passing through the surface of the insulation, accumulates on the wall and leads to the formation of mold and mildew on it.

In order to avoid the appearance of the last drawback, you should build a so-called pie during the process of laying the insulation. It contains materials with various types of vapor permeability, while this factor is reduced closer to external wall.

For example, when insulating a panel house using mineral wool, it is imperative to install waterproofing in front of the insulation. Thus, the condensation that forms in the wall will gradually be removed through the concrete surface and will not enter the room. In addition, the room should be provided with a high-quality ventilation system.

Insulation for thermal insulation interior walls must have the following characteristics:

long service life;
high level of fire safety and resistance to ignition;
environmental safety is especially important in internal insulation, since the use of low-quality insulation materials negatively affects the health of people living in the house;
resistance to rodents;
maintaining shape;
low level of heat losses.

If you have the opportunity to carry out external insulation, we recommend that you give preference to it. For its implementation, materials with high quality properties are used. Most often, they are used in slab or matte version. Among the advantages of external insulation we note:

Preventing damage to the walls of the house precipitation, low temperature and other external factors. Therefore, the building remains thermally stable both in winter and in summer time of the year. The service life of the building increases significantly.
There are no cold bridges between the walls. Accordingly, it reduces the risk of condensation, which leads to the formation of mold and mildew on the walls.
In addition to protective functions, the choice of external insulation allows you to obtain high-quality soundproof buildings. Ensuring that the race point is moved outside the house improves the house's resistance to wetness and condensation. At the same time, it is possible to preserve the finishing of the facade for a longer time than without the use of insulation.
Manages to save usable area indoors, especially relevant for small one-room apartments.
With external insulation there is more options insulation for installation on the facade of the building rather than on the interior. In addition, the insulation will not emit substances harmful to human health inside the house.

However, external insulation must be accompanied by protection of the insulation from external factors. To do this, ventilated facades are installed on the facade surface or the insulation is finished using the wet type.

How to insulate a wall in a panel house: choosing insulation

Mineral wool is most often used to insulate walls in panel houses. To make it, slag or basalt stone is pressed and thermally treated. Due to the fibrous structure, warm air is retained inside the wool, thereby preventing heat loss. There are rolled and slab versions of mineral wool. Because of its non-toxicity and safety, mineral wool is used for both internal and external insulation.

The material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability, long service life, fire safety. The only drawback of this insulation is its instability to moisture, therefore, during its installation, maximum waterproofing of the insulation should be ensured.

Installing mineral wool indoors reduces its usable area, so if possible, it is recommended to use insulation outside.

Insulating the walls outside a panel house with glass wool has its advantages. This material is highly resistant to fire and low temperatures. In addition, it has excellent resistance to moisture, rodents, mold and mildew. However, during the installation process of this material, special care should be taken, since the smallest particles of glass can get on the mucous membranes of the body and cause allergies and irritation. Therefore, when working with this material, you should wear protective clothing and a respirator.

Glass wool has excellent soundproofing characteristics; in addition, it is resistant to shrinkage and is cheap compared to other types of insulation.

Among the advantages of cellulose-based insulation, we note:

versatility of use;
environmental safety;
high thermal insulation performance;
breathability.

However, this insulation itself is unstable to moisture, fungus and mold. Therefore, it is processed special compounds, helping to get rid of these shortcomings.

Polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene is one of the most economical insulation options. This insulation is moisture-proof, has good sound and thermal insulation characteristics, light weight and easy installation. Expanded polystyrene is resistant to bacteria, fungi and mold. A small volume of insulation has high thermal conductivity. Expanded polystyrene is most often used for insulation in the form of slabs. If you follow the installation technology, this type of insulation will serve you for a very long time.

The use of extruded polystyrene foam, which is essentially the same polystyrene foam, but has a liquid form, is characterized by higher strength and longer service life. Special equipment is used to blow polystyrene foam. The resulting coating is seamless, durable and has good performance characteristics.

After drying and pressing wood shavings, an insulation called fiberboard is formed. To connect the shavings together, a binder is used, in the form of Portland cement or magnesium salt. The material has the form of plates, on the top of which there is protective film. It is with its help that it is possible to prevent the impact of moisture, fungus and mold on the insulation. When humidity increases, the material deteriorates, so after its installation, it is recommended to plaster the surface. The material is easy to install and process. The base, after its installation, becomes strong and rigid.

Insulation materials based on cork materials are used to insulate the walls of a panel house from the inside. This insulation option is the most environmentally friendly of all the above materials. Cork insulation has high strength, low thermal conductivity and vapor permeability. The insulation is in the form of panels that are light in weight, resistant to mechanical damage and shrinkage. The material is functional and has a long service life. After installation indoors, further finishing is not necessary, since the slabs themselves have an attractive appearance. In addition, cork insulation is resistant to various types of biological organisms. However, its only drawback is its too high cost, which is fully compensated by the advantages of the material.

To create a thermal insulation barrier that is highly resistant to moisture, insulation in the form of polyurethane foam is used. To apply this material, special equipment and formwork installation are required. Since the material polymerizes very quickly, in order to create a flat surface, formwork should be constructed from wooden boards.

After applying foamed polyurethane, its waterproofing and vapor-permeable layer should be ensured. For these purposes, most often the insulation is covered with a layer of polyethylene. Since the material has low strength, for further wall finishing, walls should be mounted from plasterboard, therefore this option insulation will not only reduce the usable area, but will also require additional costs for installing walls made of plasterboard or plywood.

Before you start insulating the walls in a panel house, you should perform the following steps:

choose the insulation method, type of material and its shape;
purchase materials and additional tool, if necessary;
insulation of external walls is carried out only at above-zero temperatures, preferably in summer;
the walls should not be wet; use a cannon to dry them additionally;
All decoration should be removed from the walls, for internal walls - wallpaper, paint, decorative finishing materials, for external walls - the facade should also be well cleaned and dried;
to clean the walls, use a vacuum cleaner and a broom;
before installing the insulation, apply an antiseptic composition to the surface of the walls;
Next, you should apply a primer to the wall deep penetration, which will ensure high adhesion of the insulation to the wall.

Make sure that the wall is as dry as possible after applying the antiseptic before applying the primer. Plaster is used to further level the walls. Only after it has dried does the process of installing insulation on the panel walls begin.

To additionally seal all seams, use silicone-based sealant. The technology for installing insulation depends on what type of insulation was purchased previously. Slab or roll options are most often fixed to the wall using special fasteners with large heads. To install foam insulation options presented in liquid form, compressor equipment is used.

Heating in the wall of a panel house: insulation using polystyrene foam

After preparing the surface, leveling it and covering it with a primer, installation of insulation follows. At the preparatory stage, make sure that the seams at the joints of the walls are airtight. If there is any crumbling finishing, it should be removed.

To install foam plastic on the external wall of a panel house, you should prepare several spatulas for applying glue. It is most reliable to install insulation using a combined method, that is, using glue and dowels.

You should start work from the bottom of the wall, gradually moving to the top. Install the starting strip on the lower part of the facade. It is best to use a spatula or comb to apply the glue.

Try to completely cover the wall with glue, even in uneven areas and seams. Otherwise, through cold bridges, the level of heat loss in the house will increase. After treating the surface with glue, the foam board is applied to the wall and pressed. After several days, work continues. In order to further secure the foam, use special fasteners or plastic nails. If there are small gaps, use polyurethane foam. To remove uneven surfaces from the wall after insulation, use a plastic float.

For additional reinforcement of the foam, use a mesh. First, it is used to cover the corners, then the rest of the wall. Glue is used to fix the mesh on the surface, and after it dries, the walls are leveled with plaster or special mixtures and the finishing is done.

Just a few years after the construction of a panel house, residents are faced with the question: how to properly insulate it? Over time the ability concrete slabs retaining warm air and preventing the penetration of cold air is significantly reduced. Heat loss begins not only through windows, but also through walls. In winter, this situation not only begins to bring some discomfort to the existence of the family, but also greatly irritates it. There is only one way out of this situation - insulating the walls of a panel house.

Insulate the facade of a panel house

If you insulate the room from the outside, you can avoid heat loss through the wall, which will also serve as an obstacle to the destruction of the structure. In addition, the use of various finishing materials will give the house a new, more modern look. External insulation has other advantages:

residents can continue to live in the house during construction work;
the temperature inside the building increases due to the use of thermal insulation material;
the dimensions of the room remain the same;
the structure of the room becomes stronger, the service life increases;
thermal insulation plays a role soundproofing material, reducing the likelihood of noise entering the room.

Insulating a panel house from the outside is very effective because it allows you to reduce heat loss and save on coolant costs. In some cases, the savings reach half the usual cost.

Required materials and tools

Conserving heat without the use of additional electrical appliances can be very effective. For a properly organized process, there are different types insulating materials. The most popular are:

mineral wool;
drywall;
Styrofoam;
plaster.

The materials used in the work must certainly have high quality. Otherwise, obtaining a positive effect will be a big question. Some of the materials presented at the modern construction market, designed specifically for outdoor use.

How to insulate walls

There are two technologies used to insulate walls:

Wet facade.
Ventilated facade.

For insulation using the materials described above, the first method is used. To organize a ventilated façade, a system for creating metal frame, onto which finishing material is subsequently attached.

The method by which strengthening with finishing materials occurs if the “wet” method of protecting facades is chosen is quite simple. The wall to be treated must be treated with mastic and then left to dry.

The surface that has dried after processing the joints is ready for further work. It will have to be coated with a primer, which can be done using either a roller or a special sprayer.

Thermal insulation material will have to be fixed to the pre-prepared wall. This can be done using glue and fasteners (nails, dowels). A combination of installation methods is possible.

Floor

High-quality insulation of a panel house begins with protecting the floor. This issue is especially relevant for citizens living on the first floors. In most cases, they have to resort to holding such events.

To reduce heat loss through the floor, the builders provided for the construction of joists on the floor of the apartment located on the 1st floor multi-storey building. In cells that are organized by the intersection of elements wooden structure, lay insulating materials. This can be either polystyrene foam or mineral wool, or more exotic material options: expanded clay or sawdust. (You can read more about the types and brands of expanded clay).

Modern building and finishing materials are presented in such a variety that every owner of the premises will find his own option for floor insulation. In addition, new materials are constantly appearing, but they have proven themselves to be excellent. This can be said about such types of insulation as polyurethane foam or penoizol. The use of even a thin 30 mm layer of these materials will reduce heat loss very significantly.

You can learn how to insulate a floor in a room with your own hands quickly and efficiently by watching the video.

Seams

A large amount of useful thermal energy is lost in a panel house through seams. This problem can also be easily solved by processing them. Filling the distance between the slabs with mortar allows you to fill the existing voids in the seams and helps to insulate the entire structure as a whole.

The choice of mixtures that can be used to fill the seams in a panel house suggests how they self-cooking, and purchase in finished form. One way or another, these compositions may contain foam beads to retard the flow of heat, and contain air particles to retain heat trying to penetrate the street.

If the distance between the seams is large, then you can fill it with soft insulating fiber. It is played by the well-known mineral wool. Her key characteristics the following:

high compression ratio;
possibility of use in work at negative air temperatures;
ease of use, consisting in ease of installation and the absence of a list of tools, without which work would be impossible.

Mineral wool fibers are volatile and can also release formaldehyde components. These facts lead to a decrease in the frequency of use of this material in insulating panel seams. It turns out to be more practical in such a situation stone wool, which is safe for the health of residents and has fibers that do not break.

Styrofoam

Modern insulation, which is used very often. It is quite economical, easy to use and easy to install. Self-conducting installation work is possible even for an inexperienced person, and performing work on high floors requires the involvement of industrial climbers.

After the slabs are outside have been processed, insulation can be attached to them. If polystyrene foam is used as this material, then you should remember the recommended thickness of the material. It should not be less than 50 mm. On inner side Each sheet should be applied with glue, which is specially designed for work of this type.

Laying insulation should not be accompanied by the formation of cracks, because the work will not make sense: precious heat will escape through them. This can only be avoided with proper organization of installation work and the use of other types of fasteners in addition to glue.

Mineral wool

Many manufacturers work with this type of insulation such as mineral wool. It is quite effective, but there are certain nuances when working with this material. So, cotton wool should not get wet, otherwise its thermal insulation properties will be lost. To avoid moisture accumulation in the insulation layers, before installation, the material is protected by laying vapor barrier materials.

The membrane may not be used if an insulation method such as a ventilated façade is chosen. In this case, moisture will be removed due to the air gap.

Drywall

The issues of room insulation must be taken seriously. In certain climatic conditions, insulating walls with mineral wool is considered completely justified. In this case, you cannot do without sheets of drywall.

In this way you can insulate not only façade surfaces, but also residential premises: balconies, loggias, walls inside technical rooms. At the same time, you should be careful with the amount of mineral wool used. Its excess will not only not make the apartment warmer, but will also contribute to excessive cooling.

Preparatory work

Transforming an apartment into a room that meets all thermal insulation requirements is possible. To do this, it is necessary to properly organize insulation measures. A big role is given to preparatory stage. It requires:

process the joints between the plates;
carefully seal the gaps;
clean all crevices from construction debris;
seal all parts of the building that will come into contact with the insulation;
insulation of large cracks with mineral or stone wool.

If the cracks have been additionally insulated, a layer of mastic must be placed on top.

How to insulate a panel house. Step-by-step instruction

The instructions for insulating a panel house contain the following steps:

selection of material and its quantity depending on climatic conditions and purposes;
purchase of materials and construction tools;
drying walls using a heat gun;
deletion possible finishing from walls that are to be insulated;
applying an antiseptic composition to surfaces that will soon be covered;
applying a primer; (read how to apply primer correctly in the article Primer of walls - surface preparation)
sealing seams, if necessary, additional insulation;
installation of insulation (using glue, plasterboard sheets and metal frame);
usage metal mesh for additional reinforcement;
finishing of insulation if necessary.

The start of work should be on the lower part of the wall, because this is where the starting bar is installed. It is most convenient to apply the glue with a spatula.

Specialists with great experience installation work, advise:

insulate the frame of a panel house in the summer;
for external insulation, it would be useful to insulate the internal parts of the wall;
the best option would be to use seamless technologies, as this will save additional heat;
some modern technologies very convenient, for example, the use of polyurethane foam for insulation, which can even be applied by spraying;
do not forget about the use of vapor barrier;
the selected material should not be afraid of moisture.

Compliance with the rules for installing thermal insulation materials will not only make the room warmer and more comfortable, but also significantly extend the life of the walls, because an additional layer of coating protects them from destruction.

Most of the built panel and brick houses did not provide for insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The consequence is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way to combat this is to insulate the wall from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, we have to deal with the cold wall by insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, when insulating it from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensation formation. It naturally appears during the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is located approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade made of a material of uniform density.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, the dew point shifts towards decreasing density (that is, towards the outer surface of the wall). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensation may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.

And to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life activity of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, washing, etc.).

Features of insulating a cold wall from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation from appearing on an internally insulated wall:

Creation of a layer of heat-insulating material with vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
Insulation using materials with minimal water absorption.
Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

Polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. This results in a completely sealed thermal insulation layer from the room side.

The environmental friendliness of polyurethane foam after hardening meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.

Apply thermal insulation between the sheathing and sew up with moisture-resistant sheet materials(gypsum board, OSB or plywood). Essentially, it's like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

Liquid ceramics

This is a relatively young thermal insulation material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.

Of course, a thin thermal insulation layer cannot provide good thermal insulation- This is an auxiliary, but mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much “warmer” to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

The application method is the same as for acrylic paint(the basis is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve waterproofing properties.

Rolled thermal insulation

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). Moreover, it can be used both in combination with other heat-insulating materials, and independently. By the way, penofol is popular for insulating a bathhouse from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary living room.

To insulate a cold wall, use penofol with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of foil (up to 97%).

But unlike seamless coatings, complete sealing and prevention of cold bridges cannot be achieved. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of the joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.

The traditional method of combating the formation of condensation on foil is lathing with a ventilated gap between the penofol and the outer cladding.

Polyph

Another version of foamed polyethylene, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is intended for gluing wallpaper onto it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but to make cold wall warmer to the touch, they are quite enough.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to the prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensation in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.

Therefore, it is best to glue the sheets to special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use polystyrene foam with a step or a tongue-and-groove connection).

Finishing can be done in two ways:

mesh reinforcement and plaster application;
paneling by supporting frame, fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjacent walls (false wall made of plasterboard).

Insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection against humid air from the side of the room and weathering of water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, create a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to ventilate water vapor, make ventilation holes at the bottom and top.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback of panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way to combat this is to insulate the wall from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, we have to deal with the cold wall by insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, when insulating it from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

Features of insulating a cold wall from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation from appearing on an internally insulated wall:

Creation of a layer of heat-insulating material with vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
Insulation using materials with minimal water absorption.
Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

Polyurethane foam

Thermal insulation is applied between the sheathing and covered with moisture-resistant sheet materials (gypsum plasterboard, OSB or plywood). Essentially, it's like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

Liquid ceramics

Of course, a thin thermal insulation layer cannot provide good thermal insulation - this is an auxiliary, but mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much “warmer” to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

The application method is the same as for acrylic paint (the base is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve waterproofing properties.

Rolled thermal insulation

Penofol

To insulate a cold wall, use penofol with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

The traditional method of combating the formation of condensation on foil is lathing with a ventilated gap between the penofol and the outer cladding.

Polyph

Another version of foamed polyethylene, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is intended for gluing wallpaper onto it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but they are quite sufficient to make a cold wall feel warmer to the touch.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Finishing can be done in two ways:

mesh reinforcement and plaster application;
paneling on a supporting frame fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjacent walls (false wall made of plasterboard).

Insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection from moist air from the room and ventilate water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, create a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to ventilate water vapor, make ventilation holes at the bottom and top.