Decorative plaster: photos in the interior, types, features. Using decorative plaster to decorate the interior of premises What types of decorative plaster are there?

The finishing of the side surfaces in a modern home is done using all kinds of materials. However, they continue to be actively used in brick and block buildings. different kinds plasters. They may differ in external characteristics, physical and chemical properties, purpose, method of application, so ordinary consumers may have problems when choosing.

Leveling and decorative compounds

All types of plasters can be divided into two large categories. The first of them are necessary for hiding irregularities, and the second for finishing surfaces. They differ in the thickness of the applied layer, as they perform completely different functions. Leveling compounds form the base, and decorative ones cover it to improve aesthetic characteristics.

Plaster, intended for leveling walls and other surfaces, is made on the basis of cement, gypsum or lime. The choice of the main component is made taking into account operating conditions. Gypsum mixtures are usually purchased for dry rooms, and lime mixtures for wet rooms. On the street side, cement compounds are most often applied.

General advantages of leveling solutions:

after application there is a significant improvement in insulating abilities;
steam can pass through the finishing layer, due to which a pleasant microclimate is established inside the home;
due to its low cost, the material is actively used for finishing large areas;
When using reinforcing mesh, it is possible to eliminate even severe defects.

Existing types of decorative plasters for interior decoration and facade cladding are both mineral and polymer. In the first case, the same binders are used in production as for the production of leveling analogues, and in the second, high-molecular compounds such as acrylic resins or silicone are used.

Classification by binding components

When grouping into the above categories, the basis was the types of work performed. Plaster, as it became clear, can be used to level or decorate walls. However, it is also classified directly according to the substances that are introduced to achieve a stable connection between the fractions of the filling materials.

Mixture type	Description
Cement	Is durable and impact resistant environment, but at the same time has low ductility. Mainly used for cladding facades.
Limestone	The most important advantage is the presence of antibacterial properties, which makes it possible to protect the surface from the appearance of fungus. Most often used in damp areas.
Plaster	It has high plasticity, so it is relatively easy to apply. Suitable for interior work only. There should be no increase in moisture levels in the rooms being finished.
Acrylic	Characterized by quick drying and ease of application. One of the disadvantages is the relatively low resistance to ultraviolet radiation.
Silicone	Has good adhesion to various surfaces. Does not react chemically with inert gases. It is resistant to acidic and alkaline environments.
Silicate	It is based on liquid glass. It has good steam transmission ability. After drying, cracks, as a rule, do not form. Most often used in conjunction with silicone primer.
Combined	Some types of plasters can be combined with each other to achieve special physical and chemical properties. For example, there are cement-lime and silicate-silicone mortars.

Methods for applying leveling mixtures

During the work, various types of plaster can be used on the surfaces to be finished. You can see special inscriptions on packages with dry formulations. The mixture can be intended for both manual and machine use.

When applying the solution using special equipment, it is possible to increase the speed of work. This option is relevant if the area of the building being finished is large enough. The deadline for delivery of a large project can be significantly accelerated using automated technology.

Typically, machine technology is somewhat cheaper due to the number of people employed. To finish large buildings using an automated method, you will need a group of 2-3 people. However, you should understand that the equipment itself is not cheap, so purchasing it for one-time use does not make sense.

Concerning manual application, then it is carried out using a spatula. The solution is poured between special beacons. Other tools you may need during work include: a trowel, a building level, a rule, and a falcon, which is a wooden or metal shield.

Textured coatings for decoration

Relief surfaces are relevant in modern design. To form them, you have to use all kinds of textured plaster. They allow you to create special aesthetic effects. A variety of effects is achieved through the use of special tools and application options. Fixing the shape is ensured by introducing resin and wax additives into the composition.

Only some application schemes have become widespread.

	Description
	It is obtained by treating the surface with a plastic grater. Movements can be either horizontal or vertical. The expressiveness of the coating depends on the size of the fraction of the solution used in each specific case.
	Created using the same grater. However, when applying, circular movements are made counterclockwise. After the mixture hardens, a texture is obtained with frequently laid small stones.
	It is formed using a short-haired roller, which is rolled directly over the wet layer. Such a relief looks very impressive.

The types of textured plaster used must meet the operating conditions. Some formulations are intended only for interior spaces, while others are for the street. Mixtures used outside must have not only moisture resistance, but also resistance to chemical influences.

Structural solutions for application

There are special types of decorative plaster that have a heterogeneous composition. They include granules or fibers of various materials. After application, the surface takes on a rather interesting appearance. Most often they are used when working inside a building to achieve an aesthetic effect in interior design, but they can also be used on the street side.

Structural mixtures can be applied to many types of surfaces. With their help, flaws in the rough foundation are well masked. Microcracks, remnants of old paint, small blisters become invisible after coating.

A special type - Venetian plaster

Mixtures that imitate a marble surface deserve special attention. They allow you to successfully convey all the charm of a noble stone. However, these types of plaster are suitable for interior decoration premises. They are not used for cladding building facades.

The compositions are based on the same components that were used many centuries ago. They contain marble and lime flour. Special pigments are introduced to dye different colors. Thanks to modern technologies, it was possible to significantly expand the range of products.

In the classic version, Venetian plaster is applied in three layers. Before laying the composition, it is mandatory to treat the surface with a primer. deep penetration. The first two layers are already applied to it. They should be distributed unevenly. After drying, they are covered with a translucent layer. At the final stage, the entire surface is treated with wax.

Other types of plaster for interior decoration have more simple technology application, however, they do not look so impressive. Therefore, such compositions occupy a special place among other types of products, although they belong to the category of quite expensive.

Special purpose compounds

Regular plastering of walls cannot always be carried out. In some cases, the types of mixtures have to be selected taking into account the functional characteristics of the room. Special compositions are necessary to give surfaces certain properties that provide the ability to withstand various influences and effects.

For finishing walls in damp rooms and facades of buildings with increased precipitation, they are used waterproofing compounds. During production, they will include hydrophobic additives that repel water.

Acoustic plasters are actively used in gyms, clubs, restaurants, studios and other commercial establishments. They effectively protect the internal or external space from the penetration of sound waves. Its composition may include: pumice, slag, perlite.

Chemically resistant coatings are sometimes necessary. For these purposes, acidic types of plasters are used. They are simply irreplaceable in the chemical industry, where the surfaces to be finished are exposed to various substances. Protective functions are usually performed by: quartzite, liquid glass, stone flour.

X-ray protective solutions stand apart. It is designed to protect people directly from radiation. Often used in radiography departments. The active component is barite, the crystals of which have a high density.

Types of decorative plaster: brand names

To purchase quality products, you need to navigate the diversity of existing manufacturers. Not all brands of plaster compositions may be of high quality. As a rule, products from manufacturers that have been on the market for a long time are distinguished by their reliability.

First, we will consider types of facade plaster that have suitable properties for use in the Russian climate. Of all the brands, those reflected in the table deserve special attention.

	Description
Ceresit Dekor Plus	It is made on the basis of cement. Supplied dry. Material consumption on average ranges from 3 to 4 kg per square meter. Suitable for different types of bases.
	Manufactured on the basis of silicone resins. It is supplied to the market in a ready-to-use form. About 2.5 kg are consumed per square meter. Recommended for use on foam concrete bases.
	Made from a cement-lime mixture. It is a dry composition for the preparation of which water is added. Ideal for application to concrete surfaces.

When using various types of facade plaster, do not forget about additional protection in the form of a paint layer. This primarily concerns compositions based on mineral binders. Polymer mixtures usually do not require treatment after curing.

As for plaster mixtures for interior work, their range is wider. They are subject to less stringent requirements in terms of resistance to chemical influences and ultraviolet radiation. To the most quality products primarily include the following brands:

Valpaint;
Oikos;
Loggia;
Baldini;
Pratta.

The listed manufacturers have a wide range of products, which can include more than 50 items. However, it is necessary to understand that such compositions are not cheap, especially when compared with their Russian counterparts.

Natural decorative plasters are system coatings consisting of two or more layers. All components of the plaster “pie” must be compatible with each other. In this case, the base (primer) composition is selected in accordance with the base material (wood, concrete, brick, metal, etc.).

For finishing prepared and primed surfaces They use a mixture of a binder with various fillers, coloring pigment and other components. The basis of the classic plaster composition is slaked lime, white cement or gypsum, and quartz. Materials with a mineral binder are supplied in the form of dry mixtures (diluted with water to the required consistency) or in a ready-made, paste-like state.

Note: Reputable manufacturers of decorative plasters, as a rule, offer a full range of related materials. Replacing “native” compositions with “foreign” ones can have very disastrous consequences.

Modern decorative mineral plasters are distinguished by a unique combination of environmental impeccability and aesthetic perfection.

They contain synthetic plasticizers and other chemical additives does not exceed 3%. Finished coatings do not emit any harmful substances. Moreover, natural plasters have air and vapor permeability, i.e. the ability to “breathe”. They participate in the natural regulation of the indoor microclimate. As air humidity increases, mineral plasters absorb excess moisture and, conversely, moisten an overly dry atmosphere.

Modern natural coatings Over time, they do not fade and do not attract dust, do not burn, and tolerate wet cleaning (without the use of household chemicals and abrasive brushes). Decorative plasters can last for decades. The materials include fungicidal and antiseptic additives that suppress the growth of fungi and mold.

Decorative possibilities of mineral coatings amaze with their diversity. Usage various techniques application, as well as experimenting with textures, visual effects and color palette allow you to realize any, the most fantastic design ideas.

As you know, there are no pros without cons. Mineral finishes are not flexible. They may become covered with cracks. But most plastered surfaces can be restored.

To improve technological and operational characteristics Various synthetic additives (nylon fibers, acrylic resins, etc.) are introduced into plasters. In addition, high-quality structural materials are produced using acrylic, silicone and siloxane binders. They do not contain toxic substances, are water-soluble, and vapor permeable. Synthetic plasters (or, as they are also called, structural paints), as a rule, are easy to work with, resistant to various influences, elastic, wear-resistant, and practical.

Choice “natural – synthetic”, of course, remains with the client. At the same time, the cost of the material is an important, but not decisive criterion. Sometimes prestigious mineral mixtures are cheaper than siloxane compounds.

Decorative plaster is a solution used for finishing walls outside public buildings and private houses, as well as inside apartments, offices and other premises. Its main purpose is to improve the aesthetic and decorative qualities of the surface. In this article we will consider all types of decorative plaster for walls.

The word “plaster” is of Italian origin and is literally translated as “plaster” or “alabaster”. The composition of the plaster mixture for decoration has common components with conventional plaster - sand, lime, cement, but its main difference is the addition of various granules - dry bulk substances in the form of small granules, for example, stone chips, wood fibers, etc.

Decorative plasters can be sold ready-made, that is, previously diluted with water or a special solvent, such mixtures can be immediately used for work. Dry components can also be supplied, which must be diluted according to the instructions before application.
Depending on the final result and the design idea, you can independently add various fillers to the decorative plaster: small pieces of mica, shells or small pebbles, which, after the layer of plaster has hardened, will look organic on the wall. In addition, in this way it is possible to achieve the effect of additional surface volume.

Types of decorative plaster for walls

The surface can be decorated in various ways, for example, simple plaster can decorate a wall, giving it a perfectly smooth structure. Of course, thanks to the special composition, it became possible to obtain a relief effect, achieve a glossy surface or imitate any natural materials without much effort.

Decorative plaster is distinguished according to several principles. For example, by type of filler it can be:

textured;
structural;
Venetian

Textured and structural appearance form a rough surface and are usually called relief plasters, while Venetian plasters form a perfectly smooth surface, so they are classified as a smooth type of plasters.

All of the listed types are made on the basis of environmentally friendly substances, due to which they are considered safe, reliable and durable materials.

There are several types of plaster based on the binder used.

Acrylic. The binder is a high molecular weight polymer (acrylic resin), which ensures good elasticity of the applied layer. It may contain organic and inorganic pigments, thanks to which the composition acquires different colors. Acrylic decorative plaster is sold as a ready-made mixture. The disadvantage of this type of coating is low vapor permeability, so the material is limited in use. Plaster is also susceptible to UV rays, and over time the coating may begin to crack. Acrylic resin in the composition allows you to paint the mixture in any desired color using pigment pastes.

Mineral. The binder is cement. It has a relatively low price and is most often produced in the form of a dry mixture, which must be diluted with water before use. An excellent option for decorative plaster for bathroom walls and for exterior use. In humid weather, add a little less water to the solution. It is considered the most environmentally friendly decorative material. Over time, such a coating only becomes stronger, has good resistance to UV rays, but is afraid of mechanical damage, in addition, it is not advisable to wash it with devices that use high pressure. The standard color of such plaster is considered to be light.
Silicone. The binding component is synthetic resins. It is used for exterior finishing and interior work; it is flexible and easy to apply. They are resistant to UV rays and do not attract dust and foreign odors. When applied, it forms a moisture-repellent layer, due to which silicone decorative plaster is used for cladding external walls in areas of high humidity. Available in the form of a ready-made mixture in various colors.
Silicate. The binder is liquid glass (alkaline potassium carbonate, quartz sand and potassium hydroxide). It is distinguished by the high strength of the applied layer, resistance to mold and rot, as well as the ability to repel water. The mixture has impregnating, adhesive and astringent qualities. It can be used on almost any surface and has excellent fire resistance and vapor permeability. Supplied as a ready-mix in various color shades. One of the most reliable plasters, its service life can reach 50 years or more.

Silicate and silicone plasters are most often used for finishing facades and during construction in humid climates.

Textured plaster

This is a plaster with a coarse, highly viscous structure. The filler is flax fibers, wood, mica, mineral chips (granite, marble) or small pebbles. It is used for decorating brick, concrete, plastered, and also wooden surfaces. Great for exterior finishing and interior works.

Thanks to special particles in the composition, textured plaster hides large defects and most surface irregularities. It requires virtually no preliminary preparation walls, it is enough to dry and clean them; if there are peeling coatings, they should be removed, and then an adhesive composition or a special “concrete contact” solution should be applied, this is necessary for reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall.
The applied layer is highly hard, waterproof and forms an air-permeable coating. The resulting surface can be an imitation natural stone, genuine leather, wood or fabric. Among the types of decorative plaster, textured is the most common; in addition, it has a relatively low price.
The plaster is supplied for sale in various containers, weighing 9, 18, and 50 kg, dry and ready for use. It can be tinted in any color when applied, or painted after drying. Average consumption up to 2 kg per 1 m2. The larger the filler, the more composition is required to apply one layer. It is not recommended to use plaster for external work during rains or humid weather, and at temperatures up to + 7 degrees.
You can apply textured plaster without using highly specialized tools, and there is no need to involve professionals; even when decorating the walls yourself, you get many design options.

Subtypes of textured plaster

Lamb- the plaster has stone grains of various sizes, is applied to mineral bases, the surface is rough and evenly grained.

Fur coat- the surface after application is rough, in the form of a slight “hairiness”, the main component of this mixture is cement.

Bark beetle- composite plaster, with fine stone filler, when applied, forms a grooved texture reminiscent of the surface of corroded wood.

The peculiarity of textured plaster is that the surface relief appears immediately after application.

Structural plaster

A material with a thin-layer structure, made on an acrylic or silicate base. Marble chips or quartz elements are used as a structure-forming substance. Outwardly it looks like a granular heterogeneous mass. It is used for decorating walls indoors and finishing facades.

Can be fine grained and look like practically even layer, as well as medium-grained, after drying such plaster a peculiar relief appears. Has good adhesion to most mineral surfaces, plasterboard and chipboard.
Structural plaster forms a layer with excellent breathability, resistant to moisture and atmospheric conditions. Available in 9, 18 and 50 kg packages. Supplied as a ready-made mixture, adding coloring pigments to the composition is not allowed. Apply with a trowel to a dry, clean surface, pre-treated with a deep penetration primer. The consumption rate when applied in one layer is 3 kg per m2.
It is not recommended to use in damp rooms or during rain during outdoor work; the air temperature should be above +7 degrees. Plaster can be applied using various methods and tools: a smooth spatula, a roller or a sprayer. So, to obtain the effect of waves, coarse-grained plaster is used, which is applied in a circular motion using a spatula.
Very often, structural plaster is used for finishing walls in corridors and bathrooms, as well as for finishing facades, fences and gates. For interior work, it is recommended to use water-based, quick-drying and odorless material. The resulting surface is quite impact-resistant and resistant to mechanical damage. Wet cleaning of the plastered wall is allowed.

Venetian plaster

This phrase appeared as a result of the literal translation of the phrase “stucco veneziano”. It is a decorative multilayer coating. This plaster mixture is made with the addition of marble chips and slaked lime. It has a fairly homogeneous structure. It became widespread back in ancient Rome, when when working with marble, a lot of dust and small particles remained, which began to be used as a material for cladding.

Visually, the finished layer resembles the surface of natural marble or onyx. The right finish Venetian plaster requires special skill. It should be applied with a flexible rubber spatula, in thin strokes, in several layers (5-6), each of which requires thorough drying. The material is quite expensive, but the resulting effect fully justifies its price. Most often, Venetian plaster is used in rooms decorated in antique or classical style, as well as in the Baroque style.
Thanks to various application methods, you can achieve a matte or glossy surface. Plaster is intended for indoor use only. The mixture can be tinted. Available in containers of 8 and 16 kg. The surface to be decorated must be clean, level and dry. Before facing the walls, it is recommended to pre-reinforce them, and then putty and prime them. If the technology is violated, cracks may form on the decorative plaster, which are very difficult to get rid of.
In addition to the stone surface, Venetian plaster can imitate precious metals, due to special coloring with special pigments. Using this type of finishing indoors, you can achieve the effect of increasing space due to the refraction of light. This coating often acts as a basis for complex panels and frescoes.

Specific types of decorative plaster

Colored plaster - made on the basis of acrylic and marble chips. It has high adhesion to mineral surfaces, water resistance and sufficient hardness. The color range is represented by fifteen shades. Apply to a dry, clean surface in one layer. To prevent noticeable joints, the mixture must be brought to the corner. Equally suitable for both external and internal work.

Roller plaster- contains filler of natural origin of various fractions from 1 mm to 2.5 mm. When applied, a texture with small channels-indentations is formed. It is used for decorating facades and decorating walls inside office and residential premises. Tinting or surface painting is allowed. It is applied to the surface with a wide spatula and then rubbed with a trowel in circular, cross-shaped, vertical or horizontal movements.

Latex plastic- allows you to create a smooth coating with a slight gloss, imitating the texture of smooth stone or marble, as well as various relief surfaces. The material is resistant to cracking and has high moisture resistance, making the plastered surface easy to clean. The mixture can be tinted in various colors, but in order to achieve the effect of the structure of natural stone, the colors should not be thoroughly mixed. The mixture is applied only to smooth walls, previously plastered and treated with a deep penetration primer.

"Wet Silk"- the coating, reminiscent of the surface of a fabric, contains mother-of-pearl particles, the iridescence of which imitates the iridescence of flowing silk. Tinting in any color is allowed, several are initially produced color variations: white, gold, garnet, silver and bronze. The resulting surface is highly moisture resistant and tolerates wet cleaning. An excellent option for decorative plaster for kitchen walls.
"Sea breeze"- the coating has a translucent structure, with a slight pearlescent tint. Fine-grained sand is added to the composition. It can be tinted and is available in several basic colors: gold, white, garnet, bronze and chameleon. Used for interior decoration.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Decorative coating based on plaster has won the love of many designers, thanks to the special properties and qualities that distinguish it from other materials for interior decoration.

Able to hide unevenness and defects of the surface being decorated;
can be applied to most known materials (brick, stone, concrete, wood, drywall and many other coatings);
does not absorb odors;
has high sound-absorbing properties;
has a unique and inimitable design;
application does not require special surface preparation;
is characterized by high levels of resistance to any atmospheric phenomena;
The resulting coating has breathable properties;
forms a moisture- and frost-resistant layer;
thanks to its special plasticity, it is possible to process structures of any complexity, as well as create all kinds of patterns and designs;
forms an environmentally friendly, practical and durable coating that is resistant to mechanical stress;

Decorative plaster of walls in the apartment

To obtain a high-quality decorative coating, the solution should be applied using tools that are free from defects, damage, chips, cracks or nicks. Each type of plaster mixture requires its own finishing methods and techniques to give the surface expressiveness and special artistic properties.

Venetian plaster

Venetian plaster, to develop the required pattern, requires multi-layer application. The work is carried out using stainless steel painting tools of various widths (trowel, spatula). The main layer is applied with the widest tool, leaving gaps on the surface. The strokes are made wide and asymmetrical. All subsequent layers must cover the gaps of the previous application. To make it more expressive, each layer can have its own color shade.

The applied layers are dried one by one, each of them is leveled and additionally ground with a smooth steel tool. This method is called ironing, due to which the surface acquires a glossy appearance. If additional shine is required, the plaster can be coated with a special varnish or wax. Due to translucent layers, the effect of depth and volume is achieved.

Relief decorative plaster

Finishing with relief decorative plaster occurs a little differently. In this case, no special treatment of the walls is required, as for applying smooth plasters. It is enough to remove old finishing materials (painting, wallpaper, whitewash), clean and dry the surface.
After which the walls are treated with a primer. This procedure is carried out about a day before finishing with relief plaster. It is best if the primer composition has antibacterial properties that prevent the development of fungi and mold.
The plaster mixture is applied to the primed surface with a wide soft spatula. Immediately after this, it is necessary to give the layer a relief. This should be done very quickly, as the composition sets instantly.

You can obtain the desired pattern on textured plaster using tools such as spatulas, sponges, rollers, smoothers or stencils. For example, when using a rubber roller, you should wet it in water before each application of texture. The work is carried out immediately over the entire area of the wall (from corner to corner), otherwise noticeable seams cannot be avoided.

Structural plaster

Structural plaster is applied with a stainless steel trowel. The layer should be slightly larger than the grain size. The treated surface is kept for 2-3 minutes, and then smoothed in a circle with a plastic trowel.
This method ensures uniform distribution of the granules contained in the composition over the treated surface. Excess mixture is regularly removed from the trowel with a small spatula.
Structural plaster, like textured plaster, forms joints during application, so work is carried out from corner to corner at a time.

Advice: if there is a need to paint relief plaster, then you should do this 10-14 days after application.

Basic coating care

Decorative coating formed by relief or smooth plaster, is quite durable and resistant to mechanical damage and atmospheric conditions, so no special care is required in the first year after application.

This material does not absorb odors and does not attract dust, and also contains water-repellent substances, due to which the surface, if necessary, can be easily washed with ordinary detergents without chemical fillers. When cleaning, it is better to use a soft cloth or sponge, avoiding hard brushes, metal scrapers, pumice stones or plastic.
To increase service life plaster coating special waxes or glazing compounds are applied on top of the dried decorative layer. Artificial or beeswax helps increase the waterproofing of the surface, and when applied to Venetian plaster, it provides additional shine.
The wax composition is supplied ready-made. It can be used to emphasize the smallest details and the depth of the relief applied with decorating mixtures, while their resistance to mechanical stress increases, and additional protection from dust, dirt and moisture appears. Protective wax is available in two versions: with a mother-of-pearl effect, having a silver-white tint, and in a translucent form, with a yellowish tint.

This product must be applied in a double layer using a spatula, sponge or brush, and after drying, polished with a soft cloth. Wax surfaces cannot be cleaned with solvents; only a soap solution or clean water is allowed.
Glazing is an almost transparent, light coating designed to give an additional shade; in addition, it adds volume and emphasizes the contours of the relief. It can have several shades that imitate gold-plated, silver or bronze surfaces, as well as simply white, transparent or iridescent color. The product is applied with a brush, sponge, rubber spatula or special mitten. Can be washed with detergents or soapy water.

Protective compounds are used for all types of plaster used for finishing walls indoors and outdoors. Thanks to such means, it will last longer, will not crumble or crumble, which means its maintenance will be minimal.

How to renew a decorative plaster coating

Delete if necessary decorative coating from the wall, you can use several methods:

repainting in a different color - done when it is necessary to change the color scheme;
removal to the concrete base - when it is necessary to apply another version of plaster;
puttying over the layer until smooth, flat wall- such a surface can be finished with light decorative material, for example, wallpaper.

Decorative plaster for walls video

When choosing decorative plaster, it is impossible to say which type is better or worse. It all depends on everyone’s personal preference and the requirements put forward for the finished result, as well as the availability of a certain budget, because the price of decorative plaster for walls sometimes differs by an order of magnitude. It is quite easy to apply one mixture, for example, textured and structural, and you can do it yourself, but applying Venetian plaster will require the involvement of specialists. You must remember this when purchasing decorative coating.

The composition of decorative plaster includes:

1. Something binding - most often it is a resin (which can be in the form of a dispersion or solution);

2. Filler;

3. Various additives - such as solvent, thickener, preservatives, hydrophobic (water-repellent) substances, antiseptics and biocidal substances.

Based on climate resistance and area of application, decorative plasters are divided into external, internal and universal.

Based on the type of binding element, decorative plasters can be divided into two large groups: water-based and non-aqueous materials. In addition, they differ in the filler material, method of application and formation of the surface pattern.

The basis of decorative relief plaster

Most non-aqueous materials have as binding elements epoxy resins and polyurethanes. Their advantages include high wear resistance of coatings, resistance to aggressive environments, strength and good adhesion to the base. Epoxy-based decorative plasters are used only for work, but polyurethane compositions can be used to finish surfaces indoors and outdoors. After application and drying, decorative plasters based on polyurethane and epoxy bases do not support combustion. However, we must remember that when heated above 140 ° C, the resins that form the basis of the material begin to decompose, releasing toxic substances (decorative plasters based on epoxy release compounds with chlorine, and polyurethane ones release cyanide).

In this regard, water-based decorative plasters are much safer: the polymers they contain, when decomposed, do not emit toxic substances. However, these plasters also have their drawbacks: first of all, lower temperature resistance, that is, they cannot be applied to very hot surfaces (more than 65-90 ° C), for example, to water heating radiators. The most common binders for water-based plasters are acrylic, styrene-acrylic, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and styrene-butadiene dispersions. Coatings based on acrylic dispersions are resistant to ultraviolet rays and temperatures up to 90 °C; they are characterized by good vapor permeability and adhesion to the surface; they have excellent moisture resistance, although in this parameter they are inferior to styrene-butadiene and styrene-acrylic coatings. Styrene-acrylic coatings have even better resistance to water, decent vapor permeability and considerable resistance to ultraviolet radiation, but already at temperatures above 65 ° C they begin to turn yellow. Styrene-butadiene dispersions have the highest moisture resistance; they also begin to turn yellow at temperatures above 65 °C and do not have vapor permeability at all. Coatings based on polyvinyl acetate dispersions have limited moisture resistance, good vapor permeability, and are resistant to bright sunlight and temperatures up to 90 ° C.

Fillers

The situation with mineral fillers for decorative relief plasters is much simpler - they come in three main types. These are marble, granite and quartz chips or mixtures thereof. The size of the crumb grains can vary within a fairly wide range: from 0.5 to 5 mm. Moreover, the same material can be produced in several versions with different crumb sizes. Naturally, its size affects not only the appearance and texture of the surface, but also significantly affects the consumption of material: the larger the crumb, the higher the consumption. It is worth noting that decorative plasters with large granules of filler are preferably used for exterior finishing, since such surfaces are viewed mainly from afar: for the surface structure to be noticeable, it must have a sufficiently large relief. On the contrary, materials with a fine crumb fraction are suitable for interior spaces.

Distinctive features of quartz chips are its average adhesion to the polymer binder, smooth surface, and resistance to abrasion and scratches.

Marble chips have good adhesion to the polymer, however, their resistance to abrasion and scratches is low. Marble chips have a rough surface.

Granite chips also have a rough surface, average adhesion to polymer binders, and good resistance to abrasion and scratches.

According to the structure of the formed surface The following main types of decorative plasters can be distinguished: uniformly rough (Edel-structure), grooved (Rillen-structure) and modeling (Roll-structure), allowing you to create an arbitrary pattern.

According to the method of forming the pattern on surfaces Decorative plasters can be divided into three large groups:

Plasters on the surface of which a pattern is applied by a “display method”, for example, with a relief roller, a spatula knife, special brushes, brooms, a broom or simply with your fingers. Examples of materials include decorative plasters Kevyt-Rae from Finland, KH-Rollputz from TEX-COLOR (Germany), SPS-Rollputz from SPS (Netherlands) and the like.

Plasters containing a small amount of coarse granules of mineral filler and forming the surface according to the “method of combination”. After application to the wall to be finished, the mixture is leveled with a spatula or trowel. In this case, due to the corresponding movement of the filler grains, a pattern appears on the wall either in the form of grooves and grooves - if the filler granules are round in shape; or in the form of scratches or a “beard” - if the grains of the filler are rough and have an irregular shape. These are imported plasters KH-Rillenputz from TEX-COLOR, SPS-Spachtelputz from SPS, Bolix-RM from Poland, Dekor+ from KALETERASIT (Turkey) and domestic Svyatozar-7-Decor from STROYKOMPLEKS (Russia), Plastone-Tone from "PLASTONE" (Russia).

So-called “textured” plasters, which are applied with a simple spatula, roller or spray without any further processing, or can be leveled with a trowel. In this case, the surface, depending on the material used, becomes monochromatic or multi-colored. One of the ways to apply such coatings is spraying using professional pneumatic equipment. It is quite expensive and is usually used by professionals. Sometimes it seems that this method of coating is very simple, however, there are some subtleties here too: for example, the ability to use various attachments for an air gun with a hole diameter depending on the size of the filler particles; regulation of spraying pressure and air flow, which together provide optimal application and material conditions. Manufacturers usually list these parameters on product packaging.

Decorative finishing materials, which manufacturers call “variosystems” (also known as flock and “chips”), deserve special consideration. Their main difference from decorative plasters is that they consist of several components that are sequentially applied to the surface being treated. Recently, many similar materials from various companies have appeared on sale. These are, for example, the Jobifloc chip system from the company (Germany), the multi-color coating system Spektra Domflok from the HELIOS company, the multi-color decorative coatings Luminence II and Luminence Grain Fin from the SOFRAMAP company (France), Mosaik Lack from the TIKKURILA company (Finland) and many others.

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Decorative Venetian plaster in the kitchen, and application materials

What can you say about the kitchen? Some people spend a lot of time there, some not so much, but everyone who lives in an apartment is there. The kitchen has its own features, related to the status of this room, and they must be taken into account when developing the design. And one of the design options could be decorative plaster in the kitchen.

General description of kitchen requirements

It is clear that the conditions in the bedroom are different from the conditions in the kitchen. High humidity and temperature are its indispensable attribute. Despite the working hood, soot and soot settle on the walls, drops of fat and evaporating moisture contribute to General terms, folding indoors. Based on this, we can formulate the first requirements for materials used in the kitchen:

resistance to elevated temperature and humidity;
resistance to significant temperature changes;
resistance to organic substances;
resistance to mildly aggressive environments generated during use detergents during the cleaning process;
high mechanical strength, allowing you to wash walls with sponges and rags.

After considering purely practical issues, we can also touch on aesthetic issues. Staying indoors should be enjoyable and not cause negative emotions. And this is achieved by using warm colors and beautiful interior design when decorating the room.

Probably, many more could be formulated additional requirements, but what has already been stated is enough to draw a conclusion - as a finishing material, decorative plaster in the kitchen is best choice. And to confirm this conclusion, let’s look at the properties of the various materials most commonly used for kitchen decoration.

Materials used to decorate the kitchen

Most often, paint is used to decorate the kitchen, ceramic tiles and wallpaper. So you can see what advantages and disadvantages each material has.

The choice of paint today is extremely large, and you can choose one that suits a variety of necessary requirements - for any external conditions and in any color. The advantages include an affordable price and the ability to wash painted surfaces.

Ceramic tile

Resistant, mechanically strong material that can withstand strong temperature fluctuations and exposure to mildly aggressive environments. Has a wide range of colors and various options surfaces.

Or maybe wallpaper?

A widespread and easily implemented type of finishing, large in materials, colors and patterns. Ease of use, availability and low cost (for paper wallpaper).

About decorative plaster

Now let’s try to evaluate what decorative plaster in the kitchen is in comparison with those considered alternative options finishing. That finishing material, which today is called decorative plaster, in its characteristics and capabilities is related to plaster only due to its name.

True, if we are consistent in considering the properties of decorative plaster, then it should be noted that there are two of them - synthetic and mineral. The difference is due to the type of binder used. Mineral ones use cement, lime and gypsum, while synthetic ones use polymer materials (acrylic, styrene, etc.).
Another integral part decorative plaster is a filler, which is chips of quartz, marble or granite. The combination of binder and filler gives the finished mixture unique properties, allowing the use of decorative plaster in the kitchen for its finishing.

Properties of decorative plaster

Since we touched on this issue, we can dwell on it in more detail. It is necessary to especially emphasize the properties of decorative plaster, regardless of its composition.

Reliability and durability. This material does not lose its inherent properties over time. It does not collapse under the harsh conditions in which kitchen plaster is used, and retains all its advantages and benefits, including purely decorative ones, for a long time. for long years.
High mechanical strength. The coating that decorative plaster forms has increased strength, stone is stone, and the basis of such plaster is precisely stone chips. It should be noted that the mechanical strength of different fillers differs from each other, but any filler can withstand wet cleaning periodically carried out in the kitchen.
High resistance to high humidity, temperature, their sudden changes and exposure to mildly aggressive environments.
Unique opportunities to create a wide variety of coatings, differing in color, texture and design.

About choosing decorative plaster

Probably the most difficult question will be which decorative plaster to choose. Not even that. Which kitchen design should you choose, because the possibilities of decorative plaster for creating an interior allow you to implement any. Some examples demonstrating how decorative plaster is used in the kitchen are shown in the photos below:

Decorative plaster in the kitchen, photo of the relief surface

Decorative coating, Venetian plaster (antique)

There are many more existing possibilities that decorative plaster allows you to implement, and you can consider some specific options for decorating a kitchen using different types and techniques for applying decorative plaster.

During application finishing coating, for which decorative plaster is used, on the surface with a spatula, trowel, roller, or, ultimately, a pattern is created. There are many ways to create such designs; any color of the coating can be chosen, and the resulting result will be original. An example of such coverage can be seen below:

Read more in the article: DIY relief plaster

Plaster "Bark beetle"

To others, no less interesting option When designing the interior of the kitchen, it will be finished with “Bark Beetle” plaster. It uses marble or granite chips as a filler. The technology for creating the coating involves leveling the surface after application; as a result, mineral chips, rolling over the wall, leave a pattern reminiscent of the passages of a bark beetle in wood.

The resulting surface has an original appearance and can be additionally painted in any color. An example of decorating a wall with similar plaster can be seen in the photo below:

Decorative plaster "Bark beetle"

Venetian plaster

One of the most common coatings is Venetian plaster. It is used to create high-quality, one might say, elite coating in a wide variety of rooms.

This coating is a mixture of marble flour (dust) with polymer resin (acrylic). As a result of proper application, the result is a surface reminiscent of marble, which appears transparent in the rays of light and evokes an indescribable play of it. And although it is impossible to convey it in a photo, you can still see what Venetian plaster looks like in the kitchen below.

However, when choosing this method of finishing a kitchen, for all its attractiveness and unique appearance, it is necessary to take into account that the effect of plaster is due to a special technique for applying decorative coating. Venetian plaster cannot be purchased, it can only be created by application. To do this, you have to apply at least three layers of plaster, and each one needs to be worked on for a long time and carefully.

The complexity of applying such a coating is great, and therefore the implementation is quite significant. However, if you are willing to put in the time and take on the task of applying Venetian plaster yourself, then this is a completely doable task after proper preparation.

Decorative plasters. properties and characteristics. - blogs - poremontu.ru

Decorative plasters have recently become very popular. The composition of this finishing material includes a binding element (synthetic resin) and various additives(thickener, solvent, antiseptics, water-repellent substances), etc. Decorative plaster can include 3 types of fillers: quartz, marble, granite chips or mixtures thereof. The size of the crumbs varies in size (0.5-5 mm.). The size of the crumb determines the appearance of the plaster and the degree of relief. Moreover, the larger the crumb, the greater its consumption. Basically, decorative plasters with large crumbs are used for exterior decoration, and with fine crumbs - for interior decoration. Marble and granite chips have excellent adhesion to polymer materials and a rough surface. However, they are not abrasion resistant. Quartz chips have average adhesion, a smooth surface and high abrasion resistance. These are all mineral fillers. In addition to them, silk and cellulose fibers and polymer granules can be used. It’s worth saying what kind of decorative coatings there are. Of course, first of all, the decorative coating is structural plaster, decorative paint, stone chips, flock, Venetian plaster.

2. According to the filler material

The plaster is applied to the wall and leveled using a spatula. As a result, the filler grains form a pattern on the wall: in the form of grooves and grooves, scratches and beards. The pattern depends on the shape of the grain. There are also “textured” plasters. They are applied to the wall with a spatula and smoothed with a trowel. The surface, depending on the material used, can be monochromatic or multi-colored. Textured plaster can be applied using a sprayer - professional pneumatic equipment. Non-water-based plaster has high wear resistance, resistance to aggressive environments, and strength. Epoxy-based decorative plaster is used mainly for interior decoration, while polyurethane plaster can be used to decorate both internal and external surfaces. Water-based plaster is safer, since no harmful substances are released when burned.

Structural plasters:

Structural plaster is very popular now. It's easy to apply and looks great. It seems that it was not a team of repairmen who worked on the wall, but real artists. The material is quite easy to care for. Can be cleaned with ordinary detergents, plain water or soap. Thanks to the binding elements in the plaster, it is not afraid of water. And the brightness of the colors lasts for a long time. Structural plaster is a heterogeneous granular mass to which some granules have been added (small pebbles, pieces of quartz, mica, etc.). Structural plaster is made using mineral based, as well as based on potassium silicate or latexes. Structural plasters have high plasticity. They are sold ready-made and do not need to be mixed or diluted. They can be applied to concrete, brick, wood, metal, drywall, etc. Structural plaster is mainly sold white. To obtain the desired shade and color, pigment substances are added to it. This process is called tinting. The store can give you a coloring. Structural plaster has many advantages. It can be applied to various surfaces, it perfectly masks surface defects and imperfections, is resistant to mechanical stress, it is waterproof and resistant to aggressive substances. Structural plaster is a durable and inexpensive coating.

Mineral plasters:

Decorative Venetian plaster:

Venetian plaster is marble. It was also invented in Ancient Rome when processing marble left waste - marble dust. As a result, decorative plaster appeared, which was based on marble and lime flour. Venetian plaster in its classic form has been known since the Renaissance. It began to be used for interior and exterior decoration of palaces. Venetian plaster allows you to imitate natural marble, which is now so popular in interior decoration.

Stone plasters:

Decorative plasters. properties and characteristics

Decorative plasters have recently become very popular. The composition of this finishing material includes a binding element (synthetic resin) and various additives (thickener, solvent, antiseptics, water-repellent substances), etc. Decorative plaster can include 3 types of fillers: quartz, marble, granite chips or mixtures thereof. The size of the crumbs varies in size (0.5-5 mm.). The size of the crumb determines the appearance of the plaster and the degree of relief. Moreover, the larger the crumb, the greater its consumption. Basically, decorative plasters with large crumbs are used for exterior decoration, and with fine crumbs - for interior decoration. Marble and granite chips have excellent adhesion to polymer materials and a rough surface. However, they are not abrasion resistant. Quartz chips have average adhesion, a smooth surface and high abrasion resistance. These are all mineral fillers. In addition to them, silk and cellulose fibers and polymer granules can be used. It’s worth saying what kind of decorative coatings there are. Of course, first of all, the decorative coating is structural plaster, decorative paint, stone chips, flock, Venetian plaster.

Decorative plaster is classified: 1. By type of binder (water-based and non-aqueous)

2. According to the filler material

3. According to the method of applying and forming a pattern on the surface.

According to the method of applying the pattern, there are three large types of plaster:

1. Plaster with a pattern applied using the reflection method (using a relief roller, special brushes, brushes, just a finger).

2. Plaster forming the surface according to the method of combination. This plaster contains coarse granules of mineral filler. The plaster is applied to the wall and leveled using a spatula. As a result, the filler grains form a pattern on the wall: in the form of grooves and grooves, scratches and beards. The pattern depends on the shape of the grain. There are also “textured” plasters. They are applied to the wall with a spatula and smoothed with a trowel. The surface, depending on the material used, can be monochromatic or multi-colored. Textured plaster can be applied using a sprayer - professional pneumatic equipment. Non-water-based plaster has high wear resistance, resistance to aggressive environments, and strength. Epoxy-based decorative plaster is used mainly for interior decoration, while polyurethane plaster can be used to decorate both internal and external surfaces. Water-based plaster is safer, since no harmful substances are released when burned.

It is very popular because it produces a plain surface or a surface with small inclusions. It looks very nice. It also hides defects and unevenness of the walls. Plaster is more durable than wallpaper. There is a huge variety of decorative plasters on the market. There are expensive and cheap, imported and domestic, decorative and ordinary, thin and rough.

Plasters are mainly classified into facade and interior, that is, those that are used for exterior decoration and those that are used for interior decoration. Our climate is quite capricious and harsh. Therefore, the choice of plaster for finishing the facade must be taken seriously. It must be resistant to temperature changes, aggressive substances, frost-resistant, etc. Plaster for interior decoration must be wear-resistant, durable, and easy to apply. Moreover, any plaster should also be aesthetic. The price variety is great. There are cheap and expensive plasters, both foreign and domestic production. Foreign companies supply the Russian market with plasters of varying prices, so to speak, designed to suit every pocket. The price depends on the operational and aesthetic characteristics. However domestic producers successfully compete with foreign ones. Decorative plaster for interior decoration is striking in its beauty. For example, with the help of structural plasters, magnificent three-dimensional patterns and designs are obtained. And stone plasters have recently become an attribute of respectability. There are even exclusive stone plasters with precious and semi-precious stones.

Structural plasters:

Structural plaster is very popular now. It's easy to apply and looks great. It seems that it was not a team of repairmen who worked on the wall, but real artists. The material is quite easy to care for. Can be cleaned with ordinary detergents, plain water or soap. Thanks to the binding elements in the plaster, it is not afraid of water. And the brightness of the colors lasts for a long time. Structural plaster is a heterogeneous granular mass to which some granules have been added (small pebbles, pieces of quartz, mica, etc.). Structural plaster is made on a mineral basis, as well as on the basis of potassium silicate or synthetic latexes. Structural plasters have high plasticity. They are sold ready-made and do not need to be mixed or diluted. They can be applied to concrete, brick, wood, metal, drywall, etc. Structural plaster is mainly sold in white. To obtain the desired shade and color, pigment substances are added to it. This process is called tinting. The store can give you a coloring. Structural plaster has many advantages. It can be applied to various surfaces, it perfectly masks surface defects and imperfections, is resistant to mechanical stress, it is waterproof and resistant to aggressive substances. Structural plaster is a durable and inexpensive coating.

Mineral plasters:

They are economical and suitable for thermal insulation of facades. The composition of mineral plasters includes lime hydrate, Portland cement, mineral fillers, marble granules, polymer additives, and modifiers. They are environmentally friendly and perfectly decorate and insulate the facade.

Decorative: Venetian plaster is liquid marble. It was invented in Ancient Rome, when when processing marble, waste remained - marble dust. As a result, decorative plaster appeared, which was based on marble and lime flour. Venetian plaster in its classic form has been known since the Renaissance. It began to be used for interior and exterior decoration of palaces. Venetian plaster allows you to imitate natural marble, which is now so popular in interior decoration.

Stone plasters:

This is quartz, granite or marble chips, which are mixed with binders. Externally it looks like structural plaster. Stone plaster is one of the most durable coatings. Stone chips are small natural pebbles that are mixed with adhesive materials. Stone chips can be colored. Large chips are used for finishing facades, and small ones for interior finishing. Stone plaster perfectly hides unevenness and adheres well to the wall.

Advice from professionals in the field of repair and construction.