Insulation for the external walls of a panel house. Insulation of the facade of a panel house - what do you need to know? Freezing of walls: the main causes of the problem and its possible consequences

Panel houses have never been famous for their warmth due to thin walls - both external and ceilings, so apartment owners insulate the outside of a panel house at the slightest opportunity. Thermal insulation of concrete panels helps not only make the apartment warmer in winter, but also keep it cool in summer, so insulation panel houses it could be considered universal remedy to ensure comfort in housing. You can carry out the work yourself if your apartment is not higher than the second floor - otherwise you will have to turn to industrial climbers or high-rise builders for help.

How can you insulate panel walls from the outside?

Thermal insulation of the external surface of the walls of a panel house is a much more reliable measure than insulation from the inside, and there are reasons for this:

The dew point shifts towards the insulation, not the wall, and condensation does not linger in the concrete of the panel, which, in turn, does not cause mold. Also in winter, condensation does not freeze and does not destroy the wall material from the inside;
Laying insulation on the internal surfaces of walls reduces usable area premises;
A layer of internal thermal insulation prevents full heating of the walls from heating devices, which leads to the appearance of microcracks and mold, especially in corner rooms, which are affected by wind and temperature loads;
The condensation that will appear as a result on the walls of the apartment is a direct path to the destruction of concrete and the appearance of fungal diseases of the building materials of the panel;
It is impossible to insulate the floors adjacent to the walls from the inside, but they are the perfect place where “cold bridges” appear;

Thus, it is necessary and strongly recommended to insulate the walls of a panel house only from the outside: internal insulation is an extreme measure. Insulation of walls from the outside consists of the following working stages:

Preparation of building materials for insulation

First we choose insulation. Requested materials are listed below. Demand is determined by the characteristics and cost of insulation:

Extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam is the cheapest material (its price allows you to purchase sheets in any quantities), lightweight and retains heat well. The disadvantages that everyone knows about do not stop consumers from using polystyrene foam: fire hazards and fragility of the material. Both drawbacks can be eliminated in one way - by protecting the insulation by plastering. Recommendations for use: outside walls should be insulated with foam plastic with a density of ≥ 18 kg/m 3 ;
Mineral wool is a material more durable than EPS, absolutely environmentally friendly, and non-flammable. Disadvantages: the price of this thermal insulation is higher, and when working with it it is necessary to use personal protective equipment - gloves, goggles, a respirator, since the contact of mineral wool microparticles on the skin or in the respiratory tract causes irritation. The recommended density of mineral wool is ≥ 85 kg/m 3, the thickness of the roll (plate, mat) is ≥ 100 mm.

In addition, facade insulation will require the use of the following materials:

Construction adhesive for fastening insulation materials– dry or ready mix. For each type of insulation, it is recommended to use the appropriate adhesive, but there are also universal adhesives on sale;
Insulation for sealing seams between panels is polyurethane foam, less often liquid polyurethane foam;
Umbrella plastic dowels for fastening foam and mineral wool;
Primer liquids for pre-treatment of walls;
Reinforcing fiberglass or metal fine mesh;
Perforated corner - galvanized metal or aluminum;
Decorative plaster for finishing;
Finishing paint.

The volume and quantity of building materials is calculated based on the insulated wall area plus a margin of 10-15%.

Preparatory work for walls

First, you need to remove all the old coating from the walls - whitewash, paint, plaster, ceramic tiles, and other materials;
The surface is cleaned of remaining dirt and dust; if cleaned with water, the surface is dried;
Interpanel seams are insulated. If the seam is too thin or shallow, it is better to widen it so that it does not increase itself during operation under the already applied layer of insulation;
The seams are also cleaned of dirt and moistened, after which they are filled with construction foam or filled with concrete putty;
After the putty or foam has hardened, the protruding material is cut off or knocked down.

Fastening thermal insulation materials to walls

To use the construction adhesive mixture more economically, it is preferable to buy it dry rather than ready-made. Preparing this glue is simple - mix it with water in the proportion specified in the instructions and stir with a construction mixer;
Apply glue mixture onto polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam with a notched trowel. It is expected that very uneven surface You leveled the walls in advance with plaster. If not, apply glue to the insulation board in lumps to evenly distribute the composition under the pressure that will appear when gluing the sheets to the wall;
Gluing slabs or sheets of foam plastic should begin from the corner of the wall and from the bottom up;
In practice, gluing slabs and insulating the walls of a panel house from the outside is done by pressing the sheet against the wall; each sheet must be controlled using a building level;
The second sheet needs to be glued on the opposite side of the wall, and a cord must be pulled between the sheets, along which all other sheets of insulation will be aligned. To make it easier to maintain vertical and horizontal rows, you can install perforated beacon corners on the wall. They are mounted on alabaster or plaster. This is how the first row of thermal insulation of a residential panel house is installed;
The fastening pattern for the second and subsequent rows is the same, only the rows need to be shifted relative to each other to prevent the formation of “cold bridges” on long seams;
If you are insulating a corner room from the outside, then it is also necessary to ensure that the slabs or sheets are tied along the edge of the corner, as shown in the figure below;
Then all the slabs are additionally reinforced with umbrella dowels - five pieces per sheet or slab (one in the center, the rest at the edges). Holes the depth of the dowel length are simultaneously drilled in the insulation board and in the wall, the hardware is inserted and expansion pins are driven into it until the dowel head is buried 1-2 mm into the insulation. In addition to the indicated fastening scheme, dowels must be placed at the corners between the joints of the thermal insulation slabs;
Slopes window openings They are also insulated with polystyrene foam, only it is pre-cut to size with an ordinary knife or steel string.

Preparatory work before reinforcement

Before you insulate panel house from the outside, the surface of the thermal insulation is finally reinforced fiberglass mesh. To do this, perform the following operations:

The insulated surface is leveled by plastering and floated. In this case, all dowel heads must be covered with mortar;
On external corners insulated surface and window slopes a perforated corner (aluminum or metal) is attached. It can be attached to glue, which is used to glue thermal insulation boards, but in order not to wait long, it is better to take alabaster or plaster;
The gaps between the sheets of thermal insulation are sealed with scraps of polystyrene foam for the solution, or with polyurethane foam;
If all this work was carried out on top of a layer of plaster, the damaged surfaces are plastered again. The result should be a smooth, seamless surface onto which the fiberglass bonding plaster will be applied.

How to reinforce an insulation surface

The surface of the thermal insulation layer on the wall is reinforced as follows:

First, the reinforced mesh is attached to the window slopes - mesh sections of the required size are cut, and you need to add 10-15 cm for the overlap of the mesh on the insulated corner of the wall;
An adhesive solution 3-5 mm thick is applied to the slope, the mesh is pressed onto it, leveling and healing movements are made on the surface of the mesh with a spatula, as a result of which the mesh should be completely pressed into the glue. Make sure that the surface is smooth - without seams or sagging mortar;
After the first layer of adhesive solution has dried, another layer is applied, which also needs to be carefully leveled with a spatula with a wide blade (300-800 mm);
After reinforcing the slopes, all walls with insulation are reinforced in the same way. The surface must be smooth so that finishing layer plasters could be applied without problems.

Primer

Before painting insulated and reinforced surface it is treated with deep penetration primers:

Before use, shake the primer or mix it with a mixer in a separate container. Then it is poured into a tray designed for use with a paint roller;
The roller is dipped 1/3 into the pallet and rolled out along the inclined surface of the pallet, and then the wall is primed with it. Primer drips should be avoided.
The primer is applied in at least two layers.

Plastering

Plaster decorative plaster– the process is quick and uncomplicated:

The dry mixture is mixed with water and stirred according to the attached instructions;
Using a narrow roller, the plaster is rolled onto a spatula with a wide blade, and spread from the spatula thin layer, which should be even. The thickness of the plaster is determined by the size of the aggregate grains in the dry mixture. Usually this is 3-5 mm on a flat wall surface;
After the initial hardening of the plaster (40-60 minutes), the layer is rubbed with a special board - a small board, to give the surface a patterned texture.

Painting the walls of a panel house

The last stage in insulating the walls of a panel house is painting the walls:

Acrylic paint is thoroughly mixed and tinted in a separate container in order to cover as much of the surface as possible with one portion of painting;
They work with paint in the same way as with a primer: the roller is dipped into a tray, the finishing movements of the roller along the wall should be in one direction;
You need to spread the paint over the wall in a very thin layer so that there are no drips or sagging;
Where the roller does not reach, touch up the paint with a narrow paint brush;

The paint is applied in two or three layers, each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has dried.

Most of the built panel and brick houses did not provide for insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The consequence is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way struggle - insulating the wall from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, we have to deal with the cold wall by insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, when insulating it from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensation formation. It naturally appears during the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is located approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade made of a material of uniform density.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, the dew point shifts towards decreasing density (that is, towards the outer surface of the wall). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensation may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.

And to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life activity of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, washing, etc.).

Features of insulating a cold wall from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation from appearing on an internally insulated wall:

Creation of a layer of heat-insulating material with vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
Insulation using materials with minimal water absorption.
Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

Polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. This results in a completely sealed thermal insulation layer from the room side.

The environmental friendliness of polyurethane foam after hardening meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.

Apply thermal insulation between the sheathing and cover it with moisture-resistant sheet materials (gypsum plasterboard, OSB or plywood). Essentially, it's like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

Liquid ceramics

This is a relatively young thermal insulation material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.

Of course, a thin thermal insulation layer cannot provide good thermal insulation- This is an auxiliary, but mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much “warmer” to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

The application method is the same as for acrylic paint(the basis is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve waterproofing properties.

Rolled thermal insulation

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). Moreover, it can be used both in combination with other heat-insulating materials, and independently. By the way, penofol is popular for insulating a bathhouse from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary living room.

To insulate a cold wall, use penofol with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of foil (up to 97%).

But unlike seamless coatings, complete sealing and prevention of cold bridges cannot be achieved. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of the joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.

The traditional method of combating the formation of condensation on foil is lathing with a ventilated gap between the penofol and the outer cladding.

Polyph

Another version of foamed polyethylene, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is intended for gluing wallpaper onto it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but to make cold wall warmer to the touch, they are quite enough.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to the prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensation in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.

Therefore, it is best to glue the sheets to special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use polystyrene foam with a step or a tongue-and-groove connection).

Finishing can be done in two ways:

mesh reinforcement and plaster application;
paneling by supporting frame, fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjacent walls (false wall made of plasterboard).

Insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection against humid air from the side of the room and weathering of water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, create a ventilated façade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to ventilate water vapor, make ventilation holes at the bottom and top.

Price

Turnkey price for wall insulation with all costs - 2400 rub/sq. meter.

Guarantee

We conclude an agreement and give a guarantee for our work - 5 years.

Duration of warranty for individuals. and legal persons are the same.

Comparison of different types of insulation for external wall insulation

View external insulation	Mineral wool	Expanded polystyrene	Liquid thermal insulation
Use of technology	1955	1988	2012
Guarantee period	3 years	6 years	15 years
Life time	6 years	8 years	25 years
Material thickness (for the same thermal insulation)	50 mm	30 mm	1 mm
Obtaining work permits from management companies	2% of cases	2% of cases	98% of cases
Price per 1 sq. m, rubles	2 000	2 200	1400
Complexity of work*	Very high	High	Average

*The higher the complexity of the work, the greater the likelihood of installation errors, which can significantly reduce the effect of wall insulation, especially since it is almost impossible to control the work of climbers at height.

To whom it may interest:

families with small children whose walls freeze;
people who have mold at home;
those who bought an apartment in a new building;
to all those who have cold walls in winter.

We are currently the only ones in Moscow and Moscow Region who produce wall insulation using modern liquid thermal insulation. We also work with wet facade technology.

Thanks to this, we ourselves obtain permission to insulate the facade. When insulating using old methods - mineral wool or polystyrene to insulate the facade, permission is required to change the architectural appearance of the building. This is almost impossible to do in Moscow and very difficult for the Moscow region.

1 mm of liquid thermal insulation replaces 50 mm of traditional insulation. Don't believe me? Watch the video where it is applied to half of the electric stove. liquid insulation, but half of it is gone and look at the ice.

Video of liquid thermal insulation working at a tile temperature of 180 °C

The video can be expanded to full screen (icon at the bottom right). For the impatient, temperature measurement starts at 0:30 minutes; Ice is placed on two halves from 1:00 minutes.

Weather restrictions for liquid insulation:

Wall insulation can be done at temperatures from -50 °C to +50 °C.Liquid insulation cannot be applied in the rain - this is the only limitation.

Why do walls need to be insulated only from the outside?

Because when insulating a wall from the inside, the dew point shifts inside the apartment, the wall begins to “sweat” and mold begins to form, which is practically useless to fight - the apartment has heat and air-conditioned water. The same effect of shifting the dew point occurs if the panel slab is cracked and water wets the insulation inside the slab (the same polystyrene foam is used there) which, when wet, ceases to insulate.

Freezing of walls: the main causes of the problem and its possible consequences

Wall insulation is one of the most popular services in the field of industrial mountaineering for almost the entire Russian Federation and for Moscow in particular.

At the same time, the prevailing opinion that the main reason for cold walls lies precisely in the specific climatic conditions is far from true. Cold, damp and frost can only be a reason for freezing wall panels. As for the causes of the problem, in most cases they are associated with illiterate design or poor quality construction work.

The most common of these reasons are:

incorrectly specified wall thickness that does not meet the standards;
one of the facades faces north with a high degree of ventilation;
construction defects or use of defective materials;
broken integrity interpanel seams caused by shrinkage or other reasons;
end apartments, the outer walls of which are adjacent to a significant part of the open space.

The result of any of the listed factors can be cold walls, which our company’s specialists offer to insulate. The occurrence of such a problem entails a lot of undesirable consequences. It is enough to note that in most cases it is the freezing of walls, and not weak heating, that serves as the reason for using electric heaters and warm air conditioning. Because of this problem, it becomes impossible to install a child's bed near the wall, or even to place a child's play corner in certain places in the apartment.

Moreover, cold walls have the negative side effect of moving the dew point closer to the inside of the panel. The result of this displacement is the formation of fungal mold, which is almost impossible to remove without carrying out overhaul. Experienced craftsmen Vertical company offers a profitable and reliable solution that allows you to neutralize all the causes of cold walls. Next, you will find out what exactly it is and how it differs from other options for wall insulation.

Traditional methods of wall insulation and their disadvantages

On the industrial mountaineering market you can find many offers from various companies for wall insulation. At the same time, many of them offer quite favorable price conditions, which can attract the attention of customers. It should be noted here that the vast majority of such construction and repair organizations use somewhat outdated methods, which have a number of significant disadvantages. The most common among such methods are wall insulation with mineral wool and expanded polystyrene.

These materials, if all work is carried out correctly, provide a significant improvement in the situation in terms of maintaining heat in the room.

However, their use has the following important disadvantages:

a large amount of work and significant material costs are necessary for installing even a small section of such wall insulation;
an increase in the thickness of the walls by at least 150 mm, which is the reason for the refusal of city services to issue permission to change the architectural appearance of the building;
impossibility of indoor use, which does not solve the problem with the dew point, which was mentioned above;
when using these insulation materials, it is still recommended to maximize the internal heating of the wall, since they do not provide sufficient effect in severe frosts.

Considering all the listed disadvantages of using such materials, as well as the likelihood of customer dissatisfaction whose expectations might not be fully met, we decided to find alternative method wall insulation. After an in-depth study of modern market offers, such an option was found, and you will learn about it in the next section.

Insulation of panel walls using liquid thermal insulation

For several years now, Vertical company specialists have been using liquid ultra-thin thermal insulation Korund Facade to insulate walls. This material, invented by Russian scientists and produced at domestic enterprises, is by far the most effective for use in wall insulation work. Corundum Facade has no analogues in the world. Compared to other products used to combat wall freezing, this product has a number of important advantages.

Among them, first of all, the following should be noted:

minimum thickness of the applied layer (3-6 mm), thanks to which we do not have problems with the previously mentioned permission to change the architectural appearance of the building;
possibility of use for internal insulation, where the material simultaneously functions as a waterproofing agent, protecting the walls from destructive fungus;
a unique composition, similar to the composition of facade paint and allowing the material to process complex external surfaces;
an increased level of sound insulation, which allows, in parallel with solving the main problems, to get rid of the problem of noisy streets;
high degree of adhesion, which allows, when using thermal insulation Corundum Facade, interior works use any finishing materials;
significant preservation of free internal area premises provided with the same thin layer of applied material;
relatively low labor costs, expressed both in a reduction in time for work performed and in financial costs;
a high level of thermal energy savings in the room with maximum vapor permeability, which together provides an ideal microclimate in your apartment or office.

Here is just a small list of the important advantages of the material we use for wall insulation. If necessary, you can consult with our specialists who will be able to describe in detail all the physical and technical features of the liquid ultra-thin thermal insulation Corundum Facade. We would like to add that this material corresponds to all sanitary standards without posing any danger to health or the environment.

In addition, we emphasize that in our work we use exclusively original products from the Corund company. It is a certified material and, unlike a number of counterfeits present on the “black” market, fully complies with the parameters declared by the manufacturer. This can be confirmed by hundreds of customers who have already taken advantage of our new offer and remain completely satisfied with the quality of the wall insulation performed.

What you can do yourself: several recommendations for maintaining the microclimate after insulating the walls

In conclusion, we offer several useful recommendations, allowing us to enhance the effect of the work performed by our specialists. These tips often helped those numerous clients who had already used such a service. Therefore, we hope that they will become relevant for everyone who wants to keep the warmth of their home. So what can you personally do to maximum effect from wall insulation lasted for the entire period guaranteed by the manufacturer and longer?

most powerful heating system(you should not spare money on purchasing high-quality batteries, since you will subsequently compensate for this amount by paying for the operation of the electric heater);
organizing a heated floor system, which is especially important if your family already has children or this little happiness takes priority in your plans for the future;
a responsible attitude towards internal waterproofing of walls when carrying out repairs, which will allow you to avoid encountering “invincible” mold.

You can ask your questions related to the prevention of wall freezing to our specialists performing work in your home, or contact

Panel houses were considered chic during Khrushchev's construction. Insulation of the facade of a panel house - quick and cheap technology made it possible to put into operation a huge number of square meters, with which residents still suffer. In roofless buildings with thin walls sometimes too wet and cold. The inner surfaces of the walls are infected with fungus, and mold can even grow in the bathroom.

Figure 1. External insulation of the entire house.

The best option for all residents may be insulation of the facade of a panel house. It is not only Khrushchev houses that suffer from such “diseases”. The technology of panel housing construction is still popular and far from perfect. Therefore, the method should be adopted by all residents of “panelkas”.

I love it building structure can be insulated from the outside and inside. In any case, we will get a cake that will consist of structural material and insulation. Insulation is a material with low thermal conductivity, the main task of which is to prevent loss heat from the apartment.

If you insulate the house from the inside, then there is a high probability of condensation on the inner layer walls behind insulation. This is due to the fact that the air flow gradually heats up to temperature inside the building, passing layer by layer pie from the enclosing structure. At some point, the temperature of the air flow reaches the dew point and condensation occurs. This is useful for the indoor climate, since less heat will be spent heating dry air, but for structural materials such a shower threatens with huge problems.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, the dew point will shift into the thickness of the insulation, which ideally should not be harmed. Advantages of external insulation:

Dew point offset.
Protection of the enclosing structure from getting wet.
Does not occupy the interior space of the apartment.
Does not require high-quality and expensive vapor barrier.

Any heating engineer, if possible, will choose external insulation, this is confirmed building codes and rules. The use of internal insulation is always an extreme measure or unprofessionalism.

Materials for insulating the walls of panel houses outside

Today's market for thermal insulation materials is huge, but there are products that are deservedly considered classics thermal insulation of a panel house from the outside.

Among these materials are:

mineral wool;
sandwich panels;
Styrofoam.

Figure 2. Expanded polystyrene for facade insulation.

Let's look at each of the options separately to understand what advantages this or that type of insulation has.

Mineral wool

Mineral or stone wool usually called insulation based on extruded stone chips. The point of using stone is that it creates a foam slab with stable walls. Inner space such slabs 90% filled with air. And today air is the material with the lowest thermal conductivity. Therefore, all insulation materials include air.

There are three types of mineral wool:

Basalt mineral wool with a synthetic binder. This is the most popular option. If you hear someone talking about mineral wool, then most likely they mean this type of insulation. Mats made from this material are loved by all heating engineers for their ease of installation, low cost and good thermal insulation properties. However, basalt wool is used extremely rarely for insulating façade houses, since its installation requires a frame that must be thermally insulated separately to prevent cold bridges from appearing.
Glass wool. It was used everywhere for insulation in the last century. Now it is completely unsuitable as insulation: it constantly crumbles, falls off quickly and is extremely dangerous to install. When installing basalt mineral wool slabs It is enough to use a respirator. To install glass wool blocks, you will have to protect your entire body. Besides thermal insulation characteristics the material is very mediocre.
Mineral wool based on cellulose. The name speaks for itself. This is a fire hazardous insulation made from foamed paper residues. The main advantage that manufacturers are trying to cling to is environmental friendliness. But the insulation does its job poorly, and therefore there is no particular point in using it.

Sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are used primarily due to the possibility of quick installation. The panel itself is insulation sandwiched between two layers of structural material. The following acts as insulation:

Foamed polyurethane. High quality but expensive material. It is not profitable to use it to insulate the facade of an apartment panel building. But a sandwich panel with such insulation is perfect for a private home.
Mineral wool. This insulation has already been mentioned earlier; all its properties are transferred here completely. The use of sandwich panels protects the mineral wool board from precipitation, making installation easier.
Styrofoam. These are the most popular sandwich panels. The insulation used makes them lightweight and quite effective.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam is the most popular material in Russia for insulating building facades. The undoubted advantage of this insulation is that it is absolutely not susceptible to moisture when the basalt mineral wool board Over time it will turn into rags. As a rule, the service life of such insulation does not exceed 10 years. Foam manufacturers guarantee from 30 to 50 years of service.

Figure 3. Insulating the facade with polystyrene foam.

Attached to the façade is polystyrene foam using dowels or with special glue. And most often, both methods are combined to create a reliable fastening.

Methods of external insulation of facades

In total there are two installation method insulation on the building facade:

Dry method or ventilated facade.
Wet method.

Each technology has its own advantages, so we will consider each option separately.

Insulation of facades ventilated facade

The dry method does not involve the use of mixtures with added water. In order to create thermal insulation layer using this method, a thermal shield is made from insulation materials, which are covered with panel materials. The materials we have already discussed are used as insulation materials. The façade is called ventilated because a small air gap is left between the panel material and the insulation to ventilate the insulation.

Facade insulation wet facade

This method involves insulation façade surfaces using specialized mixtures water based. These mixtures can have different compositions. Recently, cellulose-based foam insulation has been increasingly used. The main advantage of this method: filling all cracks and holes. The wet method does not leave cold bridges through which heat can flow out of the room.

Insulation technology

Regardless of the used insulation installation technologies, procedure wall preparation required. All materials are purchased before installation. Purchasing additional consumables during the process is a poor calculation of materials, which can lead to poor-quality installation of insulation.

Preparation of materials

As a rule, workers have an outline plan of the building. This means the required quantity material you can always calculate. This is the area of the walls minus the area of the windows. The resulting insulation area needs to be increased by 20 percent. Based on the consumption per insulation area, fasteners are calculated and the required tools are pretended to be. Approximate consumption of fasteners per sq.m. insulation is contained on the manufacturers' websites.

All foam sheets or mineral wool slabs must be unpacked on the ground, laid out and molded. As a rule, any insulation can be easily cut with a saw or a special knife.

Required materials and tools

In addition to the insulation, you will have to purchase a sealant for seam sealing. For different insulation materials different consumables are required. In the case of using polystyrene foam, in addition to the sealant you need to buy reinforcing mesh, plaster, glue and dowels.

For mineral wool you will need self-tapping screws and iron slats. Self-tapping screws and glue are needed for installing sandwich panels.

Here is a sample list of tools for surface insulation building:

scaffolding for work at heights;
a set of spatulas for sealing joints, preparing walls and applying glue;
drill;
insurance.

After all the tools are ready and the materials are molded, you can begin installing the insulation.

Preparing the walls

First of all, the old coating is removed: plaster and cracked paint are cleaned from the surface panel walls Houses. It is imperative to coat all joints with putty and seal all cracks in the panels with plaster or mortar. Installation of insulation is carried out only in the most clean, flat wall. If the wall is sloping, this must be taken into account during installation. We’ll tell you exactly how a little later.

Figure 4. Insulation of the facade of a multi-storey building.

Once the walls are prepared, you can begin installing the insulation. We will describe in detail only the installation of foam plastic, as the most popular and effective material.

Installation of insulation

On the wall glue is applied one by one, from bottom to top, foam plates are attached.

Important! If the wall is uneven, then you can use glue to level it, but no more than 2 cm. For large distortions, you will have to come up with a more expensive method.

After all the plates are glued, you need to additionally attach the foam with dowels. To do this, a hole is drilled through the slab, the length of which should reach the wall. After this, the expansion umbrella is inserted and the dowel is driven in. The umbrella should be on the same surface as the rest of the insulation plane; to do this, it needs to be recessed a little. This is necessary for subsequent reinforcement. Nothing complicated about installation of foam plastic no, it's fast enough and reliable way provide thermal protection building.

Insulation of interpanel seams

When preparing the walls, it is necessary to sealing interpanel seams. To do this you need:

Open the joint.
Clean the seam from old putty, sealant and dirt.
The next step is to prepare the substrate for the new insulation. To do this, the seam is filled with polyurethane foam.
A heat-insulating tube is embedded in the foam that has not yet hardened.
The tube foams on top. After hardening, excess polyurethane foam are cut off.
The entire joint is sealed with sealant.

When installing insulation, its joints must not coincide with the joints of the panels. It's better to do everything overlapping.

Reinforcement

Polystyrene foam does not need panel materials like mineral wool. However this brittle material, so it is covered with plaster. To do this, the insulation is reinforced, after which the iron mesh is attached to the surface using dowels.

Figure 5. External wall insulation.

For multi-storey buildings reinforcement is done end-to-end. The lap process can cause the plaster layer to delaminate. As preparation for reinforcement holes are created for the dowels. After the mesh is tensioned, pins are driven into these holes.

Padding

The reinforced surface must be primed before puttying. It is better to apply the primer in 3 layers, and plaster immediately after drying.

Plaster

Plastering and painting, allows you to hide the foam under beautiful facade. Not a single person will notice the joints between the panels of the house or the insulation sheets. At the same time, the house will look updated, as if after a major renovation.

Painting

Painting the plaster waterproof paints. If the insulation budget is large enough, then you can use insulating paint to secure the material. However, this pleasure is not cheap, so you should think twice about such expenses.

Particularly difficult sections of walls

Particularly difficult areas are corners and windows. To insulate corners must be sealed. You will have to install high-quality double-glazed windows in the window openings, and still cover the end parts with foam plastic, followed by reinforcement and plaster. Do not forget that after final finishing, the facade of the building should look like a single whole.

Methodology " Warm seam» for sealing interpanel joints.

Last time we dealt with the fact that different ways. Today we will tell you everything about insulating a panel house from the outside: what materials are used, what glue is best to attach them to, what methods are available. It has been repeatedly noticed that a lot of companies do outright hackwork, the results of which are deplorable. Either the thermal insulation does not work or disappears altogether, especially on upper floors, where the gusts of wind are quite significant. Sometimes, even if everything is done according to technology, the result is simply scary to look at - everything is crooked, ugly, not like people’s. Therefore, you have to control everything, delve into the nuances, ask questions. Yes, this irritates the workers, but that is their problem. The main thing is a high-quality result - without compromise.

Insulation of interpanel seams

There are gaps between the plates that must be completely sealed. You can’t rely on the highest degree of responsibility of builders, so it also happens that there is blowing from the corners. But this does not necessarily happen due to someone’s negligence, thermal insulation material grows old, decays, nothing lasts forever. Replacing old insulation and high-quality sealing of seams can completely remove the issue of insulating external walls in panel houses.

Contractors offer several options for sealing joints between panels:

primary sealing;
secondary sealing;
warm seam

Primary insulation of seams in panel houses includes laying the Vilaterm sealing harness and applying sealant (mastic).

The work is carried out at new facilities where the seams were not previously sealed. Secondary insulation is carried out with or without opening the seam, where the joints are already insulated and sealed. If the seam does not open, then only sealing with mastic is carried out. Naturally, the surfaces are first cleaned of dust.

Materials for insulating seams in panel houses.

If the seam is opened, then everything happens according to the already known scenario of primary sealing, only everything that was in it is first removed from the joint. If only you knew what they are missing from the seams, even rags. The most capital option is to insulate seams in panel houses using the “warm seam” technology:

the joint is opened and all the insulation is removed from it;
internal surfaces are cleaned with a metal brush, dust is removed;
if necessary, joints are treated with antiseptics against fungi;
the seam cavity is blown out with polyurethane foam;
Vilaterm is installed;
the joint is covered with mastic (such a sealant).

Now let's look at the materials and tools for insulating interpanel seams in panel houses. The joints are opened using a special hammer for industrial mountaineering. On the one hand, it is sharp, the head of the tool is hardened and galvanized, there is a movable ring for attaching to a safety system and a hole for creating a carabiner chain. The weight of the tool is just over 0.7 kg, the length of the handle is about 30 cm, the length of the head is about 15 cm.

If there is no special hammer, use a regular chisel, but this is not very convenient, since both hands are involved. The foam for the seams is two-component polyurethane with a minimum percentage of expansion (Makroflex pro) so that the sealing strand does not squeeze out. Vilaterm is a product made of foamed polyethylene, similar to a cover for , only without a longitudinal section. Due to the air cavity inside the bundle, its thermal insulation qualities become higher. The diameter of Vilaterm is selected so that it is slightly larger than the seam and is inserted with some effort. Work is carried out only in dry and windless weather, minimum temperature-15 degrees.

Method of insulating external walls in panel houses

Method of insulating external walls with foam plastic “Wet facade”.

Let's look at how to insulate a panel house from the outside using the method wet facade. It's quite simple:

apply adhesive to foam boards and press them against the wall;
after the glue has hardened, the slabs are secured with dowels;
the first layer of putty is applied on top of the foam;
until the first layer has dried, reinforcement mesh and plastic corners are embedded in it;
the finishing layer of putty is applied;
a visor is installed along the upper edge of the insulation;
The finishing putty is primed and painted.

The slabs are laid according to the principle brickwork, with the seams shifted to the side by half the slab. If the working surface is perfectly flat, then the glue can be applied with a notched trowel over the entire surface of the foam sheets. If the surface is uneven, then dot it with flat cakes. How to apply the adhesive foam is indicated on the bottle.

We looked at how to insulate a wall outside in a panel house correctly; in practice, you can see the picture when foam panels They are attached only to dowels. Such craftsmen should be kicked out - this is a gross mistake, because of which the insulation will be of no use. When there is no glue, there is a single air layer under the insulation layer. It is definitely not possible to completely seal the ends of the insulation; as a result, air will circulate through the air gap, as in a ventilated facade.

Cold street air will take all the heat from the walls, and the insulation layer in this case will simply hang on the wall. Even heating engineers calculate the degree of heat loss of materials up to the ventilation gap, that is, everything that is located behind the ventilated gap does not perform any insulating function. Therefore, there must be glue in any case, at least to separate one slab from another, so that air cannot circulate under the foam layer.

Insulation of a panel house - briefly about the main thing

Faced with the need to reduce the heat loss of an apartment in a panel house, you need to consider the issue in the following sequence:

sealing seams between panels;
insulation of external walls with foam plastic using the wet facade method.

Sealing the joints may be enough to make it warmer. It will cost much less than insulation end walls panel houses. If you are not satisfied with the result, then you will have to insulate with polystyrene foam; naturally, the effect of insulating the walls in tandem with sealing the seams will be greater. The polystyrene foam is attached to the wall using universal dry glue, which is diluted with water, or foam glue. Additionally, fixation is carried out with dowels. Foam is better than regular glue, it is more reliable and easier to work with. At the same time, it will be more profitable in terms of price to buy adhesive foam if it is used as recommended by the manufacturer.