Types of roofing coverings for a private home. Types of roofs of private houses. Combined roof options

What should it be good roof? To understand this, you need to understand what requirements it must meet, and there are many of them: the roof must be reliable, durable and, of course, beautiful. In this article from the editors of Housechief, we will figure out how to choose the right roofing materials. Types, prices for the most popular coatings and installation tips - all this is here and now.

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Sheet roofing types and their characteristics

The choice of roof covering depends on many factors: the geometry of the roof, weather conditions region and your budget. There are coatings that are designed for and materials that are best used only on.

Therefore, when choosing a material, you need to study all the conditions that await it during operation. In addition, it is necessary to explore everything possible options and choose exactly the one that suits you. And roofing materials have a wide range, and can be piece, seam, sheet, mastic or.

Let's start with sheet roofing materials.

Steel corrugated sheets and metal tiles

The coating, which is so similar to tiles, but at the same time has all the advantages of metal, is now one of the most popular.

The only drawback of this coating, as well as all its metal counterparts, is the drum noise during rain. Using such a coating, it is necessary to provide roofs and ceilings top floor.

This coating is used even for slopes with a minimum slope of 5º. This type of roofing copes with waterproofing where other materials fail. The price of the material is from 250 rubles per 1 m².

roll roofing

Membrane coating

Roofing membranes are made of polymer materials that are not subject to rotting. Mostly it is PVC. They are fastened with cold mastic, and the panels are welded together with a construction hairdryer.

This coating can be used to insulate roofs with complex configurations and slight slopes. The price of a meter of EPDM membrane is from 500 rubles.

Self-leveling mastic roofing

If we consider the cost of self-leveling roofing, it turns out that it is the cheapest of existing species. It is even cheaper than rolled materials. As a result, you get a monolithic and completely sealed coating, without any seams or joints.

For greater reliability, mastic roofing is combined with roll roofing, which creates a multi-layer durable coating. This coating can be reinforced with fiberglass or fiberglass mesh.

The cost of mastic coating excluding labor costs is about 180 rubles per 1 m².

How to choose the most suitable material? Consider two deciding factors: the amount you are willing to spend on materials and the specifics of the roof. For complex geometries or slight slopes, it is preferable to use soft roofing material. If you set yourself the goal of saving money, pay attention to galvanized metal profiles, rolled or liquid type. If you want to make it last forever and can afford it, you should take ceramic tiles and slate.

What type of roofing do you consider the most reliable and durable? Write in the comments! In conclusion, a short video review of types of roofing.

In order for the roof to fulfill its task, in addition to robust construction frame, an appropriate coating is required - durable, airtight, aesthetic. The use of the wrong roofing material can result in disastrous results - from financial losses caused by continuous repairs, up to serious accidents that occur, for example, as a result of the collapse of the frame. It is also desirable that the roofing material is easy to install - there is less risk of errors. There are different types of roofing materials and they all have characteristics, knowledge of which will help you make the right choice in each specific case.

An important criterion when choosing roofing materials is the complexity of the roof structure. For simple designs, without decorative elements, it is advisable to use various types of sheet roofing, which allows roofing work to be carried out in the shortest possible time. Below are the main types of roofing materials that are most suitable for this purpose.

Metal tiles are a roofing material that is made from galvanized steel sheets 0.4-1.25 mm thick, with an organic coating with a thickness of 25 microns (polyester coatings) to 200 microns (plastoizol). Weight 1 sq.m. coating ranges from 4.2 – 6.5 kg. Products can be supplied in sheets or in modules (modular metal tiles). A standard module has dimensions of 350-400 mm in length and about 1100 mm in width, and the sheet can reach several meters in length - one sheet of metal tile is on average 6 square meters. roofs. The service life of metal tiles is 30-50 years.

Metal tiles are used at various industrial facilities and residential buildings, for roofing roofs with an inclination angle of 9 - 12°. The sheets are attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws with special sealing caps. The pitch between the sheathing elements is from 35 to 40 cm, depending on the angle of the roof.

Pros and cons of this type of roofing:

advantages - ease of installation, relatively high strength with low weight, wide range of colors, low price;
disadvantages - large amount of waste, poor thermal insulation properties.

Profiled sheets are made from the same material as metal tiles and using similar technology, but are used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes, for example, for covering industrial buildings or shops. They produce corrugated sheets of various profiles (trapezoid, wave, etc.) and various colors. Thanks to production technology, this material, with proper installation, can last up to 50 years.

Corrugated sheet is a durable type of roofing material and can be safely used on long roofs. The sheet is attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws with a sealing gasket, on any roof with an inclination angle of 10° or more. At a small angle of inclination, the seams should be treated with sealant.

The relatively low price and ease of installation have made it in demand in a wide variety of construction areas. Among the positive and negative properties of the material, the following should be mentioned:

advantages - ease of installation, lightness and high strength of the resulting structure;
flaws - poor thermal insulation, questionable aesthetics of the finished roof.

Corrugated sheeting, like other sheet metal roofing materials, is characterized by high noise levels, which is why the roof needs additional sound insulation.

Ondulin

To produce ondulin sheets, pulp and paper fibers, purified bitumen and polymer resins are used. Ondulin sheets are painted in various colors temperature resistant paint. The material is used as a coating for residential buildings, single- and multi-story buildings, agricultural facilities, as well as public facilities. The sheets have a wavy profile, length – 2000 mm, width – 950 mm. With a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm, its weight is only 6.5 kg. This, as well as the ease of installation, allows you to do the roof yourself.

Ondulin sheets are attached to the sheathing with special nails. Installation on roofs with an angle of 6° is possible, the pitch of the sheathing elements is from 30 cm. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw, which simplifies working with it.

For all its attractiveness, ondulin, in addition to its positive properties, also has disadvantages:

advantages - resistant to corrosion, maintenance-free, safe for health and the environment, has good sound insulation;
disadvantages – low level fire safety, relatively short service life (up to 25 years).

Slate

Asbestos cement sheets, better known as slate, are characterized by high strength and durability. Today, both flat and corrugated slate are on sale, as well as a painted version. Wavy slate comes in six, seven and eight waves. Quite heavy construction material, with a length of 1750 mm and a width of 980 - 1130 mm, it can, depending on the thickness, weigh up to 25 kg.

The slate is mounted on a sheathing made of timber with a cross-section from 50 mm to 75 mm, in increments of 50 cm. If the roof inclination angle is less than 22°, then the sheathing must be reinforced. The slate is secured with special roofing nails.

Pros and cons of slate:

advantages - service life of about 40 years, low price, high fire resistance;
disadvantages - fragility, low moisture resistance.

Taking this into account, slate can only be used for outbuildings.

This roofing material is made from galvanized sheet steel, 05 and 0.7 mm thick, coated with a protective and decorative color coating. It can have either a completely flat surface or a wavy or trapezoidal profile, which serves to strengthen long sheets and minimize the effect of deformation that sometimes appears as a result of exposure high temperature. Sheets are available in various widths. The length is selected to the size of a particular slope. On small roofs(with a slope length of up to 10 m), one sheet can cover the entire length.

The roof got its name because of the way the individual elements were connected. The edges running from the eaves to the ridge are connected with a standing seam, and the transverse edges of the roof slope are connected with a rebated seam. The connection can be single or double. During installation, the side edges are joined with a fold, moving from the cornice to the ridge. The panels are secured to the sheathing using special fasteners (clamps).

Seam roofing is used in residential and industrial construction. Her strengths and weaknesses:

advantages - high flexibility and low weight, aesthetics, no risk of fire, immunity to low temperatures;
Disadvantages - difficulty of installation, noise.

When selecting roofing materials and analyzing their properties, one should take into account the severity of certain atmospheric phenomena in a given region of the country (wind strength, intensity of rain and snow). For example, the roofs of houses in mountainous areas must have a large angle of inclination in order to easily get rid of snow. In areas where strong gusty winds are common, it is advisable to choose heavy types of roofing materials for the roof rather than lightweight metal coverings.

Soft roofing and its varieties

There are several types of soft roofing on the building materials market, which are widely used both on the roofs of industrial buildings and in private construction, especially on roofs with a large number of architectural elements.

Flexible tiles - fiberglass plus bitumen

Bituminous shingles, often also called shingles, flexible tiles, etc., are similar in structure to classic roofing felt. Technically, it differs little from it, since its design also uses a core in the form of a strong base (cellulose, fiberglass or plastic), which is impregnated with bitumen mass and covered with stone chips. The advantage of bitumen shingles is the ability to install them on roofs of any configuration.

Suitable for most roofs with a slope of 12° or more. If we're talking about about the upper boundary, the roof can be very steep, up to the vertical planes. Flexible tiles are attached to a continuous sheathing made of plywood or OSB boards. A brief description of:

advantages - resistance to negative influence weather conditions, various types of deformation, simple installation that does not require special skills and equipment, good sound insulation, long service life;
disadvantages - it is difficult to replace one element, it heats up quickly under the scorching sun, quite a high price.

Roll fused roofing

Consists of two layers of bitumen, between which is placed load-bearing base, then a layer of polymer and a mineral coating on top. Polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass is used as a base. The main area of application of rolled roofing materials is industrial construction and buildings for utility purposes. The optimal slope slope for one layer is 9 – 22°, for two layers 3 – 15°.

Roofing strips are fused onto a cleaned surface treated with a bitumen-based primer using a torch. Each strip should overlap the previous one by at least 10 cm. High-quality deposited material can last up to 30 years.

This is perhaps the most budget-friendly roofing option - all types of bitumen-based roll roofing materials are characterized by a low price. The pros and cons of this material are as follows:

advantages – good vapor permeability, lightness, environmental friendliness;
disadvantages - low fire resistance, not very attractive appearance.

This product is a type of new generation roll materials. PVC, TIP and EPDM membranes are produced. The nominal thickness of the product is 1.80 mm, 2.20 mm and 2.50 mm (in this case, the homogeneous waterproof membrane layer has a thickness of 1.20, 1.50 and 1.80 mm, respectively). Dimensions 2*20 m.

Sealing is carried out by welding with hot air, without the use of additional preparations. Thanks to this, the connection is homogeneous, its strength is higher than the strength of the material itself, and the seam itself retains all the advantages of the base material. The production of materials is carried out in compliance with high environmental standards. If the roof inclination angle is more than 10°, then the membrane is secured mechanically. The main pros and cons of the material:

advantages – resistance to mechanical stress, water resistance, ease of installation;
disadvantages - increased requirements for the base, exposure to aggressive chemicals.

Self-leveling roofing - applied directly to concrete

Using self-leveling roofing, they create a single (without joints), elastic, light and durable (up to 15 years) coating. To cover flat roofs, bitumen-rubber or polyurethane (polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomers) masses are used. All of them are supplied ready for use on construction.

A prerequisite for a good coating is proper preparation of the base. It must be durable, with a uniform structure; before starting work it must be cleaned, leveled and primed. On flat roofs you can do without reinforcement. If the angle of inclination is more than 2°, then in order to avoid drainage of the mass, the surface is reinforced (with fiberglass tapes, polyamide, polyester or polypropylene mesh). In any case, the use of reinforcement increases the service life of the roof. In addition to its advantages, the material also has some disadvantages:

advantages - no seams, perfect fit to the base, ease of use and relatively low price;
Disadvantages - increased requirements for the foundation.

Like other building materials, the main types of roofing materials, in addition to their undeniable individual advantages, are not without some disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a roof covering, you should carefully analyze the conditions in which the building will be used.

Construction never stands still, and every year better and better roofing materials are invented. In this article you will find a description of the most famous of them. You will be able to evaluate all the pros and cons of each of them and choose the right product for yourself.

What to look for when choosing a roofing covering?

Today in construction the following types of roofing materials can be identified:

. It is made of ceramics, metal, cement-sand base, bitumen

Asbestos cement sheets. They can be flat or wavy. In construction, this material is often called slate. There are two types - standard and euro slate (ondulin)

Profiled metal sheets or simply corrugated sheet

Sheets of metal different types

Membrane roofing

Ruberoid

When choosing a product, we often choose the best product, but what to look for when buying in hardware store? Roof roofing materials, although they consist of different bases, have their own characteristics, so when choosing a purchase you should look at them.

Maximum loads. There are two ways to think about this. After all, such loads can be conditionally divided into two types. One will show exclusively the mass of the structure itself, and the second indicator will show the mass of the snow cover in winter period. It is located in accordance with regulatory documents individually for each region of the country
Purpose of the building. It all depends on how this building will be used. For example, if the building is residential, then it is advisable to create a wooden rafter system in which there will be a certain number of slopes and lay them all, for example, with ondulin. But if the building is industrial, therefore, the roof will be either flat or with a slight slope, and it will be suitable for them
Service life and fire resistance. If you are a reasonable person, then you will never buy roofing material with a service life of a couple of years or use expensive products on temporary structures

When you know the warranty periods that manufacturers provide for their roofing materials, it is easier to navigate. Therefore, I have described the terms for the most common types.

Soft tiles can last you about 20 years
Manufacturers advise coming back for new metal tiles after 15 years. But here the actual period may be less; it’s all about coating the product with polymers
Standard tiles typically last up to 30 years. But in reality it collapses much faster. It's about its structure. Although manufacturers provide a guarantee for frost resistance, it is almost impossible to change this material because in most cases destruction occurs due to moisture vapor, but the company will not provide a guarantee for this.
The average “life” of slate is 10 years
Ondulin will last up to 15 years
Metal roofs occupy almost all time ranges, ranging from 40 years to a century. Copper and its alloy with titanium is the most durable product known today. The only thing that scares me off is the price, but if you compare it with the service life, it’s justified
The shelf life of slate as a roof is 40 years

IMPORTANT: The service life can be sharply reduced if installed incorrectly or poorly, as well as when already damaged material is laid on the roof.

Most likely, this information will not be enough, and you will want to consider in more detail all types of roofing materials for the roof, then let me tell you this right now.

Ceramic or standard tiles

Roofing materials can be divided into types according to cost, and this roofing will be one of the most expensive, but don’t worry, the cost of roof tiles is often compensated by its aesthetics and durability.

After all, clay is used as a basis in the production of this product. The finished slabs weigh from two kilograms.

A roof made of tiles is very durable, and the manufacturer gives a fairly solid guarantee for such roofing materials.

The service life can be up to 150 years, but this is subject to use good materials in product production and quality installation.

A ceramic roof can be laid in all types of buildings, whether they are made of brick, wood or rubble stone. The main thing is to get within the range of degrees of slope. It is 25-60 o and is considered optimal so that roofing work with tiles is carried out as safely as possible, because materials with such a mass are somewhat demanding of themselves.

A roof structure with a slope of less than 22° requires additional measures to ensure ventilation and waterproofing.
The slope, which is in the range of 22-60 o, allows for fastening elements using standard methods and materials
When the slope reaches 60° or more, then it is worth fixing the roofing materials with screws, and you can find how this is done in the photo on the Internet or in our article

Each construction product has positive and negative qualities, so not much about it now.

The advantages include:

Easy to install. Despite its heaviness, such a roof is very easy to install and does not require additional costs during operation. All maintenance costs will be associated only with cleaning the gutters and professional preventive inspection
High noise protection. Residents with such roofs claim that they can’t even hear raindrops.
No possibility of corrosion
Fire resistance
Frost resistance
Wealth of choice color ranges and forms
The material itself, due to its porous structure, allows a certain amount of moisture to be removed from the attic space

The disadvantages are the following:

Large mass of one element
Shingles are a fragile product
Additional costs will be required for the installation of reinforced sheathing and waterproofing
The cost is quite high

In addition to standard tiles, there is an analogue of tiles in construction, but only a cement-sand mixture is used as the main ingredient. Its use makes it possible to produce a product that is practically no different in appearance, but has less weight. Judge for yourself, the load is on one square meter is approximately 30kg, when the original product has 60kg.

The composition is very simple and includes: sand, some iron oxides (as a dye), cement.

The optimal roof degree for installing this coating is 20-60 degrees. The device and fasteners are made directly onto the sheathing in rows. Nails are used as fastening elements for dressing. To ensure safe operation, I advise you to use rafter legs with a minimum cross-section of 50x150mm.

Cement and sand tiles are quite resistant to radiation sun rays and is frost-resistant, but, like the original, it is very expensive, and transportation is a complex process.

Bitumen tiles

Flexible roofing materials make asphalt shingles stand out. This product is made from fiberglass and polyester. This tile has modest dimensions of 100x30cm, has a low weight of only 10kg per 1m2, is quite plastic (you can fold it in half with your own hands) and at the same time is resistant to aggressive terrain conditions.

This roofing is suitable for all types of rafter structures where the slope will be more than 12 degrees. It is popular among developers of cottages, private houses and temporary buildings - garages, gazebos.

Durability is the main positive quality of this product. Thanks to its structure, transportation over any distance is possible without the risk of damaging the tiles. Local repair allows you to replace failed elements with new ones. It has a high level of noise absorption and eliminates the possibility of rotting.

Bituminous shingles are a budget option when compared with their counterparts. It is highly flammable, which makes it unsafe. With prolonged exposure to sunlight, it loses its properties.

Metal tiles

Due to their structure, all types of buildings have different roofs and types. Some roofs have a simple structure and the roofing materials used for this type may not be suitable for more complex structures. Metal tiles are a unique product that allows you to use them on a roof of any complexity.

She doesn't care if it happens shopping mall or a small pavilion, a residential high-rise building or an industrial one.

Metal tiles are galvanized steel, similar in appearance to their ceramic counterpart.

As a rule, the surface of such a product is treated polymer compounds, which allows them to look like noble roofing coverings.

Its installation is carried out on roofs with a slope of more than 15 O. The technological process is quite simple and understandable from the first minutes of work. Roofing screws are used as fasteners, which can be freely purchased at a hardware store.

If you are looking for cheap, strong and durable roofing materials, then this is your choice.

Its cost is approximately three times less than standard tiles, and the characteristics differ slightly.

The obvious advantages of such tiles include resistance to mechanical damage, low weight (3 kg per 1 m2), and safety of transportation.

But here you can also highlight bad qualities, and these are: low noise absorption and a large amount of waste during installation.

Asbestos cement boards or corrugated slate

Slate is the most common material in old-type country houses. It is a kind of composite material with a cement base and reinforced with asbestos fibers. Today, such sheets can be found in the form of a rectangular sheet with six waves. As a rule, its size is 120x70cm with a wave height of 2.8cm. Slate is a lightweight material, and the load on the base is only 15 kg/m2.

The work of laying this type of roofing material is done overlapping, and nails with a wide head are used as fasteners. Directly during the installation process, you should not skimp on the waterproofing layer, which is often used as roofing material or glassine.

Today, slate coating is fading into the background, but is still popular for use on temporary buildings.

This is due to the price-quality ratio, which allows you to quickly and inexpensively create a roof, for example, on a barn or garage from gas silicate blocks.

TO positive aspects we can safely attribute high strength characteristics, ease of dividing the product into individual elements, cheap.
The disadvantages include fragility, environmental hazards, unsightly appearance and susceptibility to fungi on the slate surface.

Corrugated sheeting as a covering on temporary structures

As you already understood, types of roofing can be completely different, and one of them uses metal. When installing roofs of private houses, these materials are often the priority of developers. But what is causing this excitement? Everything is very simple because corrugated sheeting is produced completely different sizes and forms, which allows the owners to bring the craziest idea to life. Today, there are three types of profiled sheets - sinusoidal, rounded and trapezoidal. Finding additional elements in the form of waves on the surface of the material not only simplifies technological process styling, but also adds some decorative touch.

Corrugated sheeting is widely used on rafter systems with a slope of 10 degrees. The installation of sheets on the surface of the sheathing is carried out after laying the glassine layer. Special self-tapping screws with rubber linings are used as fasteners in order to create a good seal. Their consumption, as a rule, is 8-10 pcs/m2.

The sheets are joined using the “overlapping” technique. Application area of this material very wide, but most often it can be seen in factories, supermarkets, car washes, etc.

Ease of installation and low cost are an obvious advantage, but at the same time, corrugated sheeting has high strength and durability. Therefore, such a product can be considered very beneficial for installing roofs with a limited budget and time.

Seam-shaped steel roofing

Surely you know something about what types of roofing materials there are, and you know that they all have an identical installation process - laying and fastening sheets using bolts or self-tapping screws, but some types of seam roofing are created with self-latching elements.

This allows you to get rid of unnecessary tools and will speed up the flooring process several times.

As for ordinary folded sheets, they look like steel plates. Such material can be coated with polymers, which increases the service life, or it can be produced without them. Minimum roof slope is 20 o. The joining of individual parts occurs using hooks along the edges of the sheet.

The clamps act as fastening elements to the sheathing, and the folds themselves are rolled up using electromechanical units or manually.

These types of roofing materials are suitable for beautifying churches, estates, and industrial buildings, but after looking at photos on the Internet or here on the page, you can be inspired by an interesting idea.

The advantages include: fire safety, attractive appearance, elasticity, low weight.
The disadvantages include additional costs for insulation and low resistance to dynamic loads.

Copper and aluminum roofing

Light metal roofing materials are definitely good coverage, this may be evidenced by multiple positive reviews on construction portals. Among them, aluminum and copper can be distinguished.

Copper sheets are produced by manufacturers in the form of rectangles 70x110cm, weight is 7kg/m2. The aluminum coating will give an even lower pressure and will be 3 kg/m2. The permissible slope for installing such roofs is 15 degrees or more.

Copper and aluminum are quite expensive metals, and, therefore, the roof will not be cheap, but everything is compensated by its service life. After all, for copper this is a period of 150 years.

As for aesthetic properties, at first copper is a fairly aesthetic material and has an attractive appearance, but over time the tones fade and it takes on darker tones.

Please note that when color is lost, the quality of the material remains at a high level, so if this fact does not bother you and you need a durable roof, then this is your choice.

The advantages of these roofs are that they do not require any maintenance, are not flammable, are environmentally friendly, and are highly resistant to aggressive precipitation (for example, acid rain).
The only downside is the cost. Therefore, if you have the finances, you should pay attention to this type of coverage.

Bituminous slate

Flexible sheets based on cellulose pulp and bitumen are called bitumen slate. The water resistance of this product is very high, so it has found application as a roofing covering. The roof slope for installation of this material must be 5 degrees or more.

Sheet sizes are produced as standard everywhere - 2x1m. This type of slate is widely used by developers of private houses, cafes, and restaurants. This material has high flexibility along the wave, so it can often be found on curved roofing structures, for example, on a dome.

It is worth noting that there will be practically no production waste left from it, because the excess pieces can be used as a substrate for new roof construction.

Advantages:

Light weight (5kg/m2)
Wide range of colors
Easy to install

Flaws:

Not durable. If installed incorrectly, strong gusts of wind can damage and distort the material.
It is flammable, which is unacceptable in terms of fire safety
Low frost resistance

In a modern hardware store, this product can be found at a price of $6 per meter. By the way, some sheets of bitumen slate are self-adhesive. This significantly reduces time installation work and makes these roofing materials higher than standard ones.

Roofing made of slate materials

You've probably heard the concept of shale formations from geography lessons. So, not so long ago, construction workers in European countries for the first time laid this material on the roof of their houses, which entailed the creation of a new revolution in this industry. The ideal slope for this material is 25 degrees.

Elements of this type are created only by hand and the weight is far from small - 25 kg/m2. Based on such a mass, it can be assumed that the load on the base will be colossal, and, therefore, the sheathing should be made stable. For this, slats with a cross-section of 4x6cm are suitable, and nails (from 100mm) are suitable as fastening elements.

The sheathing pitch is selected strictly individually. It all depends on the size of the layers themselves. Therefore, as a rule, the distance is considered to be slightly less than half the layer. The roofing pie with this type of coating has the appearance of honeycombs, octagons, and fish scales. However, all this does not matter here, and you can try to create your own drawing, for example, a famous logo or painting.

The service life directly depends on your attentiveness, because if you do not notice a crack in the roofing during a routine inspection, you can be left in the cold and soon replace the entire roof. Therefore, if you have damage to some layers, replace them.

Natural materials as a roof over your head

Roofing without purchasing roofing materials is a recent practice that came from Europe. In these countries, the following types of natural materials have long been practiced as roofing:

Straw
Wood
Reed

These types, as a rule, are not used in regular construction. They are used to add their own atmosphere to restaurants by the sea, hotels, various bars and hotels. A sociological survey shows that people are more impressed by natural materials than by a colorful façade and new lights.

Of course, the cheapest roofing material is roofing material, and the most expensive is rightfully considered an alloy of copper and titanium, but there are some nuances here. If you lay a roof with roofing felt for 100 years, then during this period you will spend about 7-8 times on it. This takes into account the number of repairs and complete replacement of the coating. If you use an alloy, then not only will you not have to repair or replace anything, you will still have 50 years left. Which will certainly pay for such material.

Inexpensive and lightweight roofing materials allow you to quickly cover a temporary structure and at the same time use a small amount of finance. After all, ease of installation is also one aspect of savings.

As a conclusion, I can say that no matter what roofing materials you use, they should always perform the tasks you set. There are many designs for which it is permissible to use one type, but completely unacceptable for another. Choose only high-quality products from reliable manufacturers, so that you don’t have to make repairs again later.

As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that gives the building a complete image, crowns it, and decorates it. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain, hail, snow, and solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of a house should not only be beautiful, but also, first of all, a durable, reliable and practical structure.

The importance of proper construction

When erecting any structure, even the simplest one, you must know and strictly follow certain construction rules. Thus, all standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are prescribed in the document “SP 17.13330.2011”, which is the current updated version of another document “SNiP II-26-76”. The requirements contained in these rules apply throughout the entire territory of our country and apply to the construction of roofs of all possible compositions in buildings of various purposes. The document contains a list of permitted roofing materials and requirements for them.

The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.

These requirements must be strictly followed not only during the construction of a new house, but also during reconstruction or major repairs of the roofs of buildings with roofing made from these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally down to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case will the constructed roof be reliable and living in the house safe.

Description

The roof is the final link of the roof, its finishing coating that performs protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be moisture-proof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, and meet fire safety requirements.

When choosing a roof covering, factors such as:

roof shape;
features of the rafter system;
roof slope angle,
climatic conditions.

Classification

How the roof of the building will look externally is determined before all work begins.

All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the magnitude of the slope and the number of side planes called slopes:

roofs that have a flat shape;
roofs with one or more slopes.

A flat roof is a rectangular, level area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in a modern housing construction used only when it is planned to be used additionally. For example, equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water can occur on it, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.

Undoubtedly, pitched roofs are more practical, although they are more expensive and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that the main enemy of the roof - water easily flows down the slopes of the roof, without stopping and causing harm.

Depending on the device features roofing system, pitched roofs come with either an attic or an attic. An attic is a room located directly under the roof and suitable for habitation. The attic differs from the second floor in having low walls (no more than 1.5 m). Existing varieties pitched roofs divided into types depending on design features.

Pitched roofs are as follows:

single-pitched;
gable;
hip;
half-hip;
tent;

multi-pincer;
broken;
dome;
conical;
combined.

The most inexpensive and easy to construct single-slope structure. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. A pitched roof has a flat roof supported by walls of varying heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is the absence of at least some attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.

The form of a gable roof has come to us since time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for a one-story house, especially in rural areas. There is only one explanation for this – practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and at different angles of inclination, be equal in length and not quite. This roof shape makes it easy to create an attic or attic underneath.

The structure has two slopes, united at the end sides by pediments, and on top by a “ridge” that strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.

Gables are mandatory and very important elements gable roof. They close the space between the slopes, thereby protecting attic space from exposure to wind and precipitation. The roof slopes rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be an attic wall.

The hip roof is made from a gable structure by replacing the pediments with two more triangle-shaped slopes. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. At the top of one of the hips there is a hatch called a dormer window. In essence, a hip roof is hipped design, difficult to construct, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane winds or heavy rain.

If the pediments of a gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the pediment is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then you will get a half-hip roof. From a design point of view, a building with such a roof takes on an interesting appearance.

The tent shape is also a type hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips) depending on the shape of the support. The ridge is missing, and the hips meet at the corners at one point with amazingly perfect precision, forming a tent over the building. Structures with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.

Designing such a roof is complex, but nevertheless makes it possible to create structures that are unique in appearance.

The broken type of roof is often called a mansard roof. This is a cost-effective design, as it allows you to organize additional living space.

Dome and conical roof shapes are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time. The use of this form implies a round-shaped structure under the roof. Often such roofs cover not the entire building, but its individual parts. For example, an oval-shaped terrace or some decorative elements: towers, rotundas.

Combined roofs have the most complex design. Essentially, they are combinations of different types of roofs, which gives a lot of scope for design ideas. Such structures are difficult to build and difficult to maintain. However, it is precisely combined roofs that can increasingly be found on modern cottages.

All coverage options

IN modern construction The following types of roofing materials are used in private residential buildings:

roll;
mastic;
membrane;
leafy;
piece or typesetting.

Roll coatings include the well-known roofing felt and roofing felt. These coatings are made from polymer and bitumen materials. Layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used as a reinforcing base. This coating can be used for roofing on both flat and pitched roofs.

A special feature of the application is the continuous lathing of wooden rafters. Glue plywood panels can be used as a continuous flooring, with the sheathing turned upside down. The roof angle should be 10–30 degrees. The roofing material is attached to the deck using a hot method: the roll is heated and rolled out onto the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is laid in several layers. Moreover, if they cover a flat roof with wooden floor, then for fire safety purposes the first layer is nailed, and the next one is fused.

Repairing such a roof is simple: the old covering is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.

Rolled materials also include modern roofing coverings such as bitumen shingles. This is fiberglass with bitumen impregnation. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other side, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The cloth bends easily, so it can easily, without much effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to these properties, bitumen shingles are increasingly used for roofing on non-standard roofs.

Roll coatings have their advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages include the following:

high sound insulation;
thermal insulation;
frost resistance;
small mass;
no corrosion.

The main disadvantages are that:

the coating may tear or crack;
roofing felt and roofing felt are susceptible to rotting over time;
the material is fire hazardous;
When exposed to sunlight, the coating fades.

Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs due to the fact that it is a self-leveling material. It is easy to install. Several layers of mastic are applied to a pre-prepared, dried base, covered, for example, with fiberglass. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a coating of uniform thickness.

Mastic roofs come in three types:

reinforced;
unreinforced;
combined.

The advantages of mastic roofing are as follows:

cheaper than rolled materials;
high moisture protection properties;
quickly installed;
tightness;
fire resistance;
thermal stability, since the roof can withstand temperature changes from -40 to +100 degrees.

Membrane roofs are made from a film made from a special polymer. Membrane coatings are used mainly on flat roofs. Film sheets, called membranes, are laid out on the surface overlapping and secured to each other by exposure to hot air or using special tape. Membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.

This roof has high strength. It is quickly and easily installed. But, the rather expensive material quickly fades when exposed to sunlight.

Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made from sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated sheets, metal tiles, asbestos plywood are attached to wooden sheathing screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The slope angle should be 18–30 degrees.

Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the influence of sunlight, and does not allow electricity. The slope angle should be 8–20 degrees.

Ondulin is cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at high values of state parameters such as pressure and temperature. Since the material contains no asbestos compounds, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing coatings.

Corrugated sheets are metal sheets coated with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional sound insulation is required.

There are three brands of corrugated sheets.

Brand H. Has a great bearing capacity, is used for horizontal structures.
Brand C. Used for vertical structures.
Brand HC. A universal material that can be used for both horizontal structures and vertical use.

At the same time, profiled sheets of grades H and HC are more suitable for roofing work. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees or more. When purchasing a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of profile, as well as its protective coating.

Metal tiles are galvanized sheets, similar to slate, coated with polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire-resistant, and not afraid of heat changes. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the influence of sunlight, and is susceptible to corrosion. If improperly transported, it will crack easily.

Asbestos plywood is as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but it will not last long, because it can become damp. To enhance water resistance, the asbestos plywood coating will have to be periodically painted.

Perhaps all the shortcomings of sheet coverings are taken into account in a new, modern material - composite tiles. This is a sheet roofing consisting of sheets of steel coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the influence of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is secured with forged nails.

Composite tiles can last half a century, but during the construction of the roof it will be necessary to provide a vapor barrier, since composite tiles does not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material is expensive.

Composite or piece roofing includes coatings such as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful in appearance, with all possible advantages, and with a service life of almost a century, tiles are not the most common roofing material. Tile roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite buildings and requires a reinforced rafter system and high-quality sheathing.

Color solutions

Choosing the right color for the roof of a house is very difficult.

The following factors must be taken into account:

location of the building;
climatic conditions;
color scheme of the facade;
the color of nearby buildings.

The most common roof colors are:

brown;
red;
burgundy;
dark green;
black.

Their prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors combine well with facades of various types and color schemes. When choosing a roof color, you need to understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so a dark roof will heat up in the summer heat.

For this reason, dark roofs are more often used in northern regions. While in the southern regions, light roofing materials are used more. Bright colors on roofing they look very impressive, but quickly fade and are used only for buildings built without architectural refinements.

When choosing a color scheme for the roof, you must remember that shades of the same spectrum are always a win-win combination. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is also made warm color. Cool colors are combined with cool shades. A classic is the combination of natural shades with beige and brown flowers, and also with ocher.

For the roof gray An interesting facade is needed, otherwise the house will look boring.

Review of manufacturers

The modern construction market offers a huge selection of coatings for roofing work from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. Most famous brands roofing coverings that are in demand and have proven themselves in the modern construction market can be classified by country of origin.

Germany is represented by three well-known manufacturers:

the Lafarge concern is famous for its Braas brand roofing coverings;
the Crotop concern produces roofing accessories;
Creaton produces ceramic tiles.

The Spanish company Cupa Natural Slate produces Cupa brand roofing slates.
The Italian company Tegola Canadese produces flexible bitumen-based tiles under the Tegola brand.
The French company OFIC SA produces roofing materials of the Onduline brand;
The French company Terreal produces ceramic tiles under the Terreal brand.

Popular Finnish manufacturers are the following:

Lemminkainen produces roofing materials made from bitumen, mastic, roll coverings and flexible tiles under the Pikipika brand;
Katepal OY produces roofing and waterproofing coatings under the Ruflex brand;
Weckman Steel OY produces metal tiles and corrugated sheets under the Weckman brand.

Among Russian manufacturers, the most famous are the following:

the Omi trading house produces roofing coverings of the same name;
TechnoNIKOL produces flexible tiles of the Shinglas brand;
Supron LLC produces Suprn brand roofing coverings from environmentally friendly ingredients.

Chinese roofing coatings are not far behind in the variety of types, types and colors.

Chinese-made coatings are as follows:

metal - made of copper, zinc, galvanized steel;
mineral - from crushed natural stone;
organic - bitumen, polymers, wood shingles, and straw are used for production.

The most popular are Chinese metal tiles made of galvanized cold-rolled steel. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. Can last up to 100 years.

Accessories and tools

To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the right fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. You also need to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing work.

To install the roof you will need the following tools:

carpenter's hammer;
construction stapler for attaching vapor barrier fabric;
a medium-sized hacksaw for wood with a blade length of up to 40 centimeters;
construction cord for leveling the roof;
marker of a contrasting color for marking;
screwdriver with suitable attachments;
pliers.

How to make it yourself?

Since roofing work does not require special equipment, it can be done independently.

Roofing work can be divided into three stages, namely:

design;
construction of a rafter system;
roofing.

At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.

The deciding factors will be the following:

climatic conditions: a lot of snow and rain - steep slope, strong winds - on the contrary, flat;
type of roofing material. For example, when using tiles, the angle of inclination must be at least 22 degrees, because otherwise rainwater will seep through the joints.

The rafter system is the most important part roof and is a system of inclined slats, called rafter legs, vertically located racks and inclined struts. Rafters ensure the stability of the roof, give reliability to the roof, and redistribute the load across the entire building. The location of the rafter system elements is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one rafter system, and a hip roof will have another.

At self-construction roofing, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the rafter installation technology can result in a roof collapse.

After the rafter structure is ready, they begin to install the roofing pie, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing pie serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat loss, and prevents condensation from forming.

It consists of the following elements:

vapor barrier;
insulation layer;
waterproofing;
counter-lattice;
ventilated space;
sheathing;
roofing material.

To properly install the roofing pie, you must follow a certain algorithm of actions.

From the attic side, a vapor barrier membrane film is attached to the rafters with a stapler, placing its outlet side into the attic. The seams between the film panels are taped. This is the first layer of the “pie”.
A second layer is laid on top - this is insulation, which is best chosen according to the criterion “in fire - does not burn.”
The third layer is a waterproofing film, which covers the insulation on top. It is fixed with a stapler, the seams are taped.
The next step is to nail the counter-lattice to the rafters. A counter-lattice or counter beam is a beam that provides roof ventilation. Thanks to the counter-lattice, a free space is formed between the insulation layer and the sheathing, allowing air to circulate freely.

The sheathing is nailed to the counter beam, that is, the boards to which the roof will be attached. In this case, the roofing material is taken into account: for flexible tiles a continuous flooring is required, for slate - sparse.
Lay and secure the coating using the manufacturer's instructions.
Install auxiliary roofing structures: snow retainers, gutters.

To learn how to install the roof, see the following video.

roofing material is chosen when designing the rafter system;
the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the roof;
a roof with two or four slopes can be covered with any roofing covering;
when purchasing roofing materials, be sure to obtain installation instructions from the seller;
tiles are used if the roof slope angle is in the range from 30 to 60 degrees;
if the slope is at an angle of 8 to 18 degrees, it is more advisable to use bitumen coatings;

steel sheets must be painted every 10 years. The paint will protect the roof from corrosion;
multi-gable roofs are covered with flexible coverings: corrugated sheets, bitumen, metal tiles;
Installation of metal tiles begins from the end part of the roof. The first sheets are attached to the rafters with one self-tapping screw, screwed into the bend of the wave. This will ensure the mobility of the sheet and allow it to be leveled if necessary. Metal tiles can be installed at any time of the year;
all types of slate are laid with an overlap using a hinged fastening;
asbestos-cement slate is laid regardless of air temperature, while ondulin and PVC slate become brittle in cold weather;

laying roll coverings requires dry, warm weather;
soft tiles begin to be laid from the eaves;
Before you start laying a ceramic tile roof, it would be a good idea to practice first. The tiles have a special locking system;
elements of cement-sand tiles have ready-made holes for nails;
Before starting work, it is necessary to take care of fire retardant and antiseptic impregnation all wooden roof elements.

The general rules for working with roofing material are as follows:

cutting is done on the ground. If, nevertheless, there is a need to cut off the material while already on the roof, then be sure to remove the sawdust;
Before starting installation, you need to inspect the roof plane on which the material will be laid. It must have a smooth and clean surface;
work is performed in soft shoes to feel the surface;
You cannot step on the sheets until they are finally fixed;
work begins with handling obstacles - chimneys, dormer windows;
The coating elements are fixed using fasteners recommended by the manufacturer.

By following the instructions and safety requirements supplied with the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

When examining any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of a house and its appearance always remain a source of pride for its owner.

A properly selected roof can decorate even the most inconspicuous building.

IN modern world Cubic-shaped houses are gaining great popularity. The cube house has a flat roof. It is not only beautiful and unusual, but also practical. On a flat roof you can arrange a recreation area with a terrace and a green lawn.
A two- or three-story private house can be decorated with a pitched roof. At making the right choice color scheme The result is unusual and interesting options.

An asymmetrical gable roof on a one-story or two-story private house looks original. The appearance of the building is immediately perceived differently.

There are many options for asymmetric roofing:

Place the slopes at different angles.
Make slopes of different widths.
If the house has several floors, then lengthen one slope, turning it into a canopy.
Build a veranda under one of the slopes.

Amazingly transforms a gable roof using soft tiles as a covering.
The installation of observation windows on the roof slopes gives the entire structure originality.

Several look impressive different types roofs on one building.

A gable roof combines well with a hip roof:

The slope is located above the pediment. In addition to the original appearance, this design solution makes it possible to equip a room in the attic.
The slope is located under the pediment. Such a roof will be decorated with small windows located on the gables.

Appearance mansard roof becomes more effective when changing the angle of the rafters.
The decoration of the house design will be the installation of a canopy over the balcony in the form of a sloping mansard roof.

The right tools allow you to make your home extraordinary, memorable, and unlike others. color combinations façade and roof finishing:

buildings that have a light gray, white or lemon colored facade and a green roof, or a cream facade under a brown roof, always look harmonious;
Combinations of blue, green, white walls under a black or gray roof look noble and expensive;
if the buildings around are covered with brown and gray roofs, then a red roof will effectively distinguish the house from the crowd;
a blue façade with gray or white elements under a gray roof looks elegant and modern;

The classic combination is a dark top and a light bottom. The most common option. Light walls facade and contrasting color of the roof;
tone-on-tone combination. The roof and walls of the same shade will give the building solidity and elegance;
dark walls under a light roof. To ensure that the roof does not dissolve against the general background, it is necessary to repeat its color on the windows, doors, and gutters.