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Instantaneous water heater VPG-23
1. Unconventional look on environmental and economicChinese problems of the gas industry
It is known that Russia is the richest country in the world in terms of gas reserves.
IN environmentally natural gas is the cleanest type of mineral fuel. When burned, it produces a significantly smaller amount of harmful substances compared to other types of fuel.
However, humanity's burning of huge amounts of different types of fuel, including natural gas, over the past 40 years has led to a noticeable increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which, like methane, is a greenhouse gas. Most scientists consider this circumstance to be the cause of the currently observed climate warming.
This problem has alarmed the public and many statesmen after the publication in Copenhagen of the book “Our Common Future”, prepared by the UN Commission. It reported that climate warming could cause the melting of ice in the Arctic and Antarctica, which would lead to a rise in sea levels of several meters, flooding of island states and the unchanged coasts of continents, which would be accompanied by economic and social upheaval. To avoid them, it is necessary to sharply reduce the use of all hydrocarbon fuels, including natural gas. International conferences were convened on this issue and intergovernmental agreements were adopted. Nuclear scientists in all countries began to extol the virtues of atomic energy, which is destructive for humanity, the use of which is not accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide.
Meanwhile, the alarm was in vain. The fallacy of many of the forecasts given in the mentioned book is due to the lack of natural scientists in the UN Commission.
However, the issue of rising sea levels has been carefully studied and discussed at many international conferences. It revealed. That due to climate warming and ice melting, this level is indeed rising, but at a rate not exceeding 0.8 mm per year. In December 1997, at a conference in Kyoto, this figure was refined and turned out to be equal to 0.6 mm. This means that in 10 years the sea level will rise by 6 mm, and in a century by 6 cm. Of course, this figure should scare no one.
In addition, it turned out that the vertical tectonic movement of coastlines exceeds this value by an order of magnitude and reaches one, and in some places even two centimeters per year. Therefore, despite the rise in level 2 of the World Ocean, the Sea is shallowing and retreating in many places (northern Baltic Sea, coast of Alaska and Canada, coast of Chile).
Meanwhile, global warming can have a number of positive consequences, especially for Russia. First of all, this process will contribute to an increase in the evaporation of water from the surface of the seas and oceans, the area of which is 320 million km. 2 The climate will become more humid. Droughts in the Lower Volga region and the Caucasus will decrease and perhaps stop. The agricultural frontier will begin to slowly move north. Navigation along the Northern Sea Route will be significantly easier.
Winter heating costs will be reduced.
Finally, it must be remembered that carbon dioxide is food for all earthly plants. It is by processing it and releasing oxygen that they create primary organic substances. Back in 1927 V.I. Vernadsky pointed out that green plants could process and convert much more carbon dioxide into organic matter than the modern atmosphere could provide. Therefore, he recommended the use of carbon dioxide as a fertilizer.
Subsequent experiments in phytotrons confirmed V.I.’s prediction. Vernadsky. When grown under twice the amount of carbon dioxide, almost all cultivated plants grew faster, bore fruit 6-8 days earlier and produced a yield 20-30% higher than in control experiments with its usual content.
Consequently, agriculture is interested in enriching the atmosphere with carbon dioxide by burning hydrocarbon fuels.
An increase in its content in the atmosphere is also useful for more southern countries. Judging by paleographic data, 6-8 thousand years ago during the so-called Holocene climatic optimum, when the average annual temperature at the latitude of Moscow was 2C higher than the current one in Central Asia, there was a lot of water and there were no deserts. Zeravshan flowed into the Amu Darya, r. The Chu flowed into the Syr Darya, the level of the Aral Sea stood at +72 m and the connected Central Asian rivers flowed through present-day Turkmenistan into the saggy depression of the Southern Caspian Sea. The sands of Kyzylkum and Karakum are river alluvium of the recent past that was later dispersed.
And the Sahara, whose area is 6 million km 2, was also not a desert at that time, but a savannah with numerous herds of herbivores, deep rivers and settlements of Neolithic man on the banks.
Thus, burning natural gas is not only economically profitable, but also completely justified from an environmental point of view, since it contributes to warming and humidification of the climate. Another question arises: should we protect and save natural gas for our descendants? To answer this question correctly, it should be taken into account that scientists are on the verge of mastering the energy of nuclear fusion, which is even more powerful than the energy of nuclear decay used, but does not produce radioactive waste and therefore, in principle, is more acceptable. According to American magazines, this will happen in the first years of the coming millennium.
They are probably mistaken regarding such short periods. However, the possibility of such an alternative environmentally clean look energy in the near future is obvious, which cannot but be kept in mind when developing a long-term concept for the development of the gas industry.
Techniques and methods of ecological-hydrogeological and hydrological studies of natural-technogenic systems in areas of gas and gas condensate fields.
In ecological-hydrogeological and hydrological research, it is urgent to resolve the issue of finding effective and cost-effective methods for studying the state and forecasting technogenic processes in order to: develop a strategic concept for production management that ensures the normal state of ecosystems; develop tactics for solving a set of engineering problems that contribute to rational use deposit resources; implementation of flexible and effective environmental policy.
Ecological, hydrogeological and hydrological studies are based on monitoring data developed to date from the main fundamental positions. However, the task of constantly optimizing monitoring remains. The most vulnerable part of monitoring is its analytical and instrumental base. In this connection, it is necessary: unification of analysis methods and modern laboratory equipment, which would allow performing analytical work economically, quickly, and with great accuracy; creation of a unified document for the gas industry that regulates the entire range of analytical work.
The methodological methods of ecological, hydrogeological and hydrological research in the areas where the gas industry operates are overwhelmingly common, which is determined by the uniformity of sources of technogenic impact, the composition of components experiencing technogenic impact, and 4 indicators of technogenic impact.
Features natural conditions territories of fields, for example, landscape-climatic (arid, humid, etc., shelf, continental, etc.), are due to differences in the nature, and with the same nature, in the degree of intensity of the technogenic influence of gas industry facilities on natural environments. Thus, in fresh groundwater in humid areas, the concentration of pollutant components coming from industrial waste often increases. In arid areas, due to the dilution of mineralized (characteristic of these areas) groundwater with fresh or weakly mineralized industrial wastewater, the concentration of pollutant components in them decreases.
Particular attention to groundwater when considering environmental problems follows from the concept of groundwater as a geological body, namely groundwater is a natural system characterized by the unity and interdependence of chemical and dynamic properties determined by the geochemical and structural features of the groundwater containing (rocks) and surrounding ( atmosphere, biosphere, etc.) environment.
Hence the multifaceted complexity of ecological and hydrogeological research, which consists in the simultaneous study of technogenic impacts on groundwater, the atmosphere, surface hydrosphere, lithosphere (rocks of the aeration zone and water-bearing rocks), soils, biosphere, in determining hydrogeochemical, hydrogeodynamic and thermodynamic indicators of technogenic changes, in studying mineral organic and organomineral components of the hydrosphere and lithosphere, in the application of natural and experimental methods.
Both surface (mining, processing and related facilities) and underground (deposits, production and injection wells) sources of technogenic impact are subject to study.
Ecological, hydrogeological and hydrological studies make it possible to detect and evaluate almost all possible man-made changes in natural and natural-technogenic environments in the areas where gas industry enterprises operate. For this, a serious knowledge base about the geological, hydrogeological, landscape and climatic conditions that have developed in these territories, and a theoretical justification for the spread of technogenic processes are mandatory.
Any technogenic impact on the environment is assessed in comparison with the background environment. It is necessary to distinguish between natural, natural-technogenic, and technogenic backgrounds. The natural background for any indicator under consideration is represented by a value (values) formed in natural conditions, natural-technogenic - in 5 conditions that experience (have experienced) man-made loads from extraneous objects that are not monitored in this particular case, technogenic - in conditions of influence from aspects of the man-made object being monitored (studied) in this particular case. The technogenic background is used for a comparative spatiotemporal assessment of changes in the steppe of technogenic influence on the Environment during periods of operation of the monitored object. This is an obligatory part of monitoring, providing flexibility in managing technogenic processes and timely implementation of environmental protection measures.
With the help of natural and natural-technogenic background, the anomalous state of the studied environments is detected and areas characterized by its different intensities are identified. An anomalous state is detected by the excess of the actual (measured) values and the studied indicator over its background values (Cfact>Cbackground).
The man-made object causing the occurrence of man-made anomalies is established by comparing the actual values of the indicator under study with the values in the sources of man-made influence belonging to the monitored object.
2. Ecologicaladvantages of natural gas
There are issues related to the environment that have prompted much research and debate on an international scale: issues of population growth, resource conservation, biodiversity, climate change. The last question is directly related to the energy sector of the 90s.
The need for detailed study and policy formation on an international scale led to the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the conclusion of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) through the UN. Currently, the UNFCCC has been ratified by more than 130 countries that have acceded to the Convention. The first conference of the parties (COP-1) was held in Berlin in 1995, and the second (COP-2) in Geneva in 1996. At CBS-2, the IPCC report was endorsed, which stated that there was already real evidence that that human activity responsible for climate change and the effect of “global warming”.
Although there are views contrary to those of the IPCC, for example the European Science and Environment Forum, the work of the IPCC 6 is now accepted as an authoritative basis for policy makers, and it is unlikely that the push given by the UNFCCC will not encourage further development . Gases. those that are most important, i.e. those whose concentrations have increased significantly since the beginning of industrial activity are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In addition, although their levels in the atmosphere are still low, the continuing increase in the concentrations of perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride leads to the need to touch on them. All these gases must be included in national inventories submitted to the UNFCCC.
The impact of increasing concentrations of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere has been modeled by the IPCC under various scenarios. These modeling studies showed systematic global climate changes since the 19th century. The IPCC is waiting. that between 1990 and 2100 the average air temperature on the earth's surface will increase by 1.0-3.5 C. and sea level will rise by 15-95 cm. More severe droughts and (or) floods are expected in some places, while how they will be less severe in other places. Forests are expected to continue to die, further altering the absorption and release of carbon on land.
The expected temperature change will be too rapid for some animal and plant species to adapt. and some decline in species diversity is expected.
Sources of carbon dioxide can be quantified with reasonable confidence. One of the most significant sources of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere is the combustion of fossil fuels.
Natural gas produces less CO2 per unit of energy. supplied to the consumer. than other types of fossil fuels. In comparison, methane sources are more difficult to quantify.
Globally, fossil fuel sources are estimated to contribute about 27% of annual anthropogenic methane emissions to the atmosphere (19% of total emissions, anthropogenic and natural). The uncertainty ranges for these other sources are very large. For example. Emissions from landfills are currently estimated at 10% of anthropogenic emissions, but they could be twice as high.
The global gas industry has for many years studied the evolving scientific understanding of climate change and related policies, and has engaged in discussions with renowned scientists working in the field. The International Gas Union, Eurogas, national organizations and individual companies have been involved in collecting relevant data and information and thereby contributing to these discussions. Although there are still many uncertainties regarding the precise assessment of possible future exposure to greenhouse gases, it is appropriate to apply the precautionary principle and ensure that cost-effective emission reduction measures are implemented as soon as possible. Thus, the compilation of emissions inventories and discussions regarding mitigation technologies have helped to focus attention on the most appropriate activities to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the UNFCCC. Switching to lower-carbon industrial fuels, such as natural gas, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a fairly cost-effective manner, and such switches are underway in many regions.
Exploring natural gas instead of other fossil fuels is economically attractive and could make an important contribution to meeting commitments made individual countries in accordance with the UNFCCC. It is a fuel that has minimal environmental impact compared to other types of fossil fuels. Switching from fossil coal to natural gas while maintaining the same fuel-to-electricity efficiency ratio would reduce emissions by 40%. In 1994
The IGU Special Commission on the Environment, in a report to the World Gas Conference (1994), addressed the issue of climate change and showed that natural gas can make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy supply and consumption, providing the same level of convenience, performance and reliability that will be required from the energy supply of the future. The Eurogas brochure "Natural Gas - Cleaner Energy for a Cleaner Europe" demonstrates the environmental benefits of using natural gas, looking at issues from local to global levels.
Although natural gas has advantages, it is still important to optimize its use. The gas industry has supported efficiency improvement programs and technology improvements, complemented by environmental management developments, which have further strengthened the environmental case for gas as an efficient fuel that contributes to a greener future.
Carbon dioxide emissions around the world are responsible for about 65% of global warming. globe. Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 accumulated by plants many millions of years ago and increases its concentration in the atmosphere above natural levels.
The combustion of fossil fuels accounts for 75-90% of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Based on the most recent data presented by the IPCC, the relative contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the enhancement of the greenhouse effect is estimated by the data.
Natural gas generates less CO2 for the same amount of supply energy than coal or oil because it contains more hydrogen relative to carbon than other fuels. Due to its chemical structure, the gas produces 40% less carbon dioxide than anthracite.
Air emissions from burning fossil fuels depend not only on the type of fuel, but on how efficiently it is used. Gaseous fuels typically burn more easily and efficiently than coal or oil. Utilization of waste heat from flue gases in the case of natural gas is also simpler, since the flue gas is not contaminated with solid particles or aggressive sulfur compounds. Thanks to chemical composition, ease and efficiency of use, natural gas can make a significant contribution to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by replacing fossil fuels.
3. Water heater VPG-23-1-3-P
gas appliance thermal water supply
A gas appliance that uses thermal energy obtained by burning gas to heat running water for hot water supply.
Interpretation of instantaneous water heater VPG 23-1-3-P: VPG-23 V-water heater P - instantaneous G - gas 23 - thermal power 23000 kcal/h. In the early 70s, the domestic industry mastered the production of standardized water-heating flow-through household appliances, which received the HSV index. Currently, water heaters of this series are produced by gas equipment factories located in St. Petersburg, Volgograd and Lvov. These devices belong to automatic devices and are intended for heating water for the needs of local domestic supply of the population and municipal consumers hot water. Water heaters are adapted for successful operation in conditions of simultaneous multipoint water intake.
A number of significant changes and additions were made to the design of the instantaneous water heater VPG-23-1-3-P compared to the previously produced water heater L-3, which made it possible, on the one hand, to improve the reliability of the device and ensure an increase in the level of safety of its operation, on the one hand in particular, to resolve the issue of turning off the gas supply to the main burner in case of disturbances in the draft in the chimney, etc. but, on the other hand, it led to a decrease in the reliability of the water heater as a whole and to the complication of its maintenance process.
The body of the water heater has acquired a rectangular, not very elegant shape. The design of the heat exchanger has been improved, the main burner of the water heater has been radically changed, and, accordingly, the ignition burner.
A new element has been introduced, which was not previously used in instantaneous water heaters - solenoid valve(EMK); a draft sensor is installed under the gas exhaust device (cap).
As the most common means for quick receipt hot water in the presence of a water supply, for many years they have been using gas flow-through systems produced in accordance with the requirements water heating devices, equipped with gas exhaust devices and draft interrupters, which in the event of a short-term loss of draft prevent the flame of the gas burner device from going out, there is a smoke exhaust pipe for connection to the smoke duct.
Device structure
1. The wall-mounted device has rectangular shape, formed by removable cladding.
2. All main elements are mounted on the frame.
3. On the front side of the device there is a gas valve control knob, a button to turn on the electromagnetic valve (EMV), an inspection window, a window for igniting and observing the flame of the ignition and main burners, and a draft control window.
· At the top of the device there is a pipe for discharging combustion products into the chimney. Below are pipes for connecting the device to gas and water mains: For gas supply; For supply cold water; To drain hot water.
4. The apparatus consists of a combustion chamber, which includes a frame, a gas exhaust device, a heat exchanger, a water-gas burner unit consisting of two pilot and main burners, a tee, a gas tap, 12 water regulators, and an electromagnetic valve (EMV).
On the left side of the gas part of the water-gas burner block, a tee is attached using a clamping nut, through which gas flows to the ignition burner and, in addition, is supplied through a special connecting tube under the draft sensor valve; this, in turn, is attached to the body of the apparatus under the gas exhaust device (hood). The traction sensor is an elementary design, consisting of a bimetallic plate and a fitting on which two nuts are attached that perform connecting functions, and the upper nut is also a seat for a small valve, attached suspended to the end of the bimetallic plate.
The minimum thrust required for normal operation of the device should be 0.2 mm of water. Art. If the draft drops below the specified limit, the exhaust combustion products, which do not have the opportunity to completely escape into the atmosphere through the chimney, begin to enter the kitchen, heating the bimetallic plate of the draft sensor, located in a narrow passage on their way out from under the hood. When heated, the bimetallic plate gradually bends, since the coefficient of linear expansion when heated at the bottom layer of metal is greater than at the top, its free end rises, the valve moves away from the seat, which entails depressurization of the tube connecting the tee and the traction sensor. Due to the fact that the gas supply to the tee is limited by the flow area in the gas part of the water-gas burner unit, which significantly occupies less area valve seats of the traction sensor, the gas pressure in it immediately drops. The igniter flame, not receiving sufficient power, falls off. Cooling of the thermocouple junction results in the activation of the solenoid valve after a maximum of 60 seconds. The electromagnet, left without electric current, loses its magnetic properties and releases the armature of the upper valve, not having the strength to hold it in the position attracted to the core. Under the influence of a spring, a plate equipped with a rubber seal fits tightly to the seat, thereby blocking the through passage for gas that previously supplied to the main and ignition burners.
Rules for using instantaneous water heater.
1) Before turning on the water heater, make sure there is no smell of gas, open the window slightly and clear the slot at the bottom of the door for air flow.
2) The flame of a lit match check the draft in the chimney, if there is traction, turn on the column according to the operating manual.
3) 3-5 minutes after turning on the device recheck for traction.
4) Don't allow children under 14 years of age and persons who have not received special instructions should use the water heater.
Use gas water heaters only if there is draft in the chimney and ventilation duct Rules for storing instantaneous water heaters. Instantaneous gas water heaters should be stored in indoors, protected from atmospheric and other harmful influences.
If the device is stored for more than 12 months, it must be preserved.
The openings of the inlet and outlet pipes must be closed with plugs or plugs.
Every 6 months of storage, the device must undergo a technical inspection.
Operating procedure of the device
ь Turning on the device 14 To turn on the device you must: Check the presence of draft by holding a lit match or a strip of paper to the draft control window; Open the general valve on the gas pipeline in front of the device; Open the tap to water pipe in front of the device; Turn the gas valve handle clockwise until it stops; Press the button on the solenoid valve and place a lit match through the viewing window in the casing of the device. At the same time, the pilot burner flame should light up; Release the button of the solenoid valve after turning it on (after 10-60 seconds) and the pilot burner flame should not go out; Open the gas tap to the main burner by pressing the gas tap handle axially and turning it to the right until it stops.
b In this case, the ignition burner continues to burn, but the main burner has not yet ignited; Open the hot water valve, the flame of the main burner should flare up. The degree of water heating is adjusted by the amount of water flow, or by turning the handle of the gas tap from left to right from 1 to 3 divisions.
ь Turn off the device. At the end of using the instantaneous water heater, it must be turned off, following the sequence of operations: Close the hot water taps; Turn the gas valve handle counterclockwise until it stops, thereby shutting off the gas supply to the main burner, then release the handle and without pressing it in the axial direction, turn it counterclockwise until it stops. In this case, the pilot burner and solenoid valve (EMV) will be turned off; Close the general valve on the gas pipeline; Close the valve on the water pipe.
b The water heater consists of the following parts: Combustion chamber; Heat exchanger; Frame; Gas exhaust device; Gas burner unit; Main burner; Pilot burner; Tee; Gas tap; Water regulator; Solenoid valve (EMV); Thermocouple; Traction sensor tube.
Solenoid valve
In theory, the electromagnetic valve (EMV) should stop the gas supply to the main burner of the instantaneous water heater: firstly, when the gas supply to the apartment (to the water heater) disappears, in order to avoid gas contamination of the fire chamber, connecting pipes and chimneys, and secondly, when the draft in the chimney is disrupted (it decreases against the established norm), in order to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning contained in the combustion products of the apartment residents. The first of the mentioned functions in the design of previous models of instantaneous water heaters was assigned to the so-called heat machines, which were based on bimetallic plates and valves suspended from them. The design was quite simple and cheap. After a certain time, it failed in a year or two, and not a single mechanic or production manager even had the thought of the need to waste time and material on restoration. Moreover, experienced and knowledgeable mechanics, at the time of starting up the water heater and its initial testing, or at the latest during the first visit (preventive maintenance) to the apartment, in full consciousness of their rightness, pressed the bend of the bimetallic plate with pliers, thereby ensuring a constant open position for the valve of the heat machine, and There is also a 100% guarantee that the specified element of automatic security will not disturb either subscribers or maintenance personnel until the end of the water heater’s shelf life.
However, in the new model of instantaneous water heater, namely VPG-23-1-3-P, the idea of a “heat machine” was developed and significantly complicated, and, worst of all, it was combined with a draft control machine, assigning the function of a draft guard to the solenoid valve , functions that are certainly necessary, but to date have not received a worthy embodiment in a specific viable design. The hybrid turned out to be not very successful, it is capricious in operation, requiring increased attention from service personnel, high qualifications and many other circumstances.
The heat exchanger, or radiator, as it is sometimes called in gas industry practice, consists of two main parts: the fire chamber and the heater.
The fire chamber is designed for burning gas-air mixture, almost entirely prepared in the burner; secondary air, which ensures complete combustion of the mixture, is sucked in from below, between the burner sections. The cold water pipeline (coil) wraps around the fire chamber in one full turn and immediately enters the heater. Heat exchanger dimensions, mm: height - 225, width - 270 (including protruding elbows) and depth - 176. The diameter of the coil tube is 16 - 18 mm, it is not included in the above depth parameter (176 mm). The heat exchanger is single-row, has four through-return passages of the water-carrying tube and about 60 plate-ribs made of copper sheet and having a wave-shaped side profile. For installation and alignment inside the water heater body, the heat exchanger has side and rear brackets. The main type of solder used to assemble the coil bends PFOTs-7-3-2. It is also possible to replace the solder with MF-1 alloy.
In the process of checking the tightness of the internal water plane, the heat exchanger must withstand a pressure test of 9 kgf/cm 2 for 2 minutes (water leakage from it is not allowed) or be subjected to an air test for a pressure of 1.5 kgf/cm 2, provided it is immersed in a bath filled with water, also within 2 minutes, and air leakage (the appearance of bubbles in the water) is not allowed. Elimination of defects in the water path of the heat exchanger by caulking is not allowed. The cold water coil, along almost its entire length on the way to the heater, must be soldered to the fire chamber to ensure maximum water heating efficiency. At the exit from the heater, the exhaust gases enter the gas exhaust device (hood) of the water heater, where they are diluted with air sucked from the room to the required temperature and then go into the chimney through a connecting pipe, the outer diameter of which should be approximately 138 - 140 mm. The temperature of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the gas exhaust device is approximately 210 0 C; The carbon monoxide content at an air flow coefficient of 1 should not exceed 0.1%.
Operating principle of the device 1. Gas flows through the tube into the electromagnetic valve (EMV), the activation button of which is located to the right of the gas valve activation handle.
2. The gas block valve of the water-gas burner unit carries out the sequence of turning on the pilot burner, supplying gas to the main burner and regulates the amount of gas supplied to the main burner to obtain the desired temperature of the heated water.
There is a handle on the gas tap that turns from left to right with fixation in three positions: The leftmost fixed position corresponds to closing 18 the gas supply to the ignition and main burners.
The middle fixed position corresponds to the full opening of the valve for gas to flow to the ignition burner and closed position tap to the main burner.
The extreme right fixed position, achieved by pressing the handle in the main direction all the way and then turning it all the way to the right, corresponds to the full opening of the valve for gas flow to the main and ignition burners.
3. The combustion of the main burner is regulated by turning the knob within position 2-3. In addition to manual blocking of the tap, there are two automatic blocking devices. Blocking gas flow to the main burner when compulsory work The pilot burner is provided by a solenoid valve powered by a thermocouple.
The gas supply to the burner is blocked depending on the presence of water flow through the device by the water regulator.
When you press the solenoid valve (EMV) button and open position blocking gas valve to the ignition burner, gas flows through the solenoid valve into the blocking valve and then through the tee through the gas pipeline to the ignition burner.
With normal draft in the chimney (vacuum of at least 1.96 Pa), the thermocouple, heated by the pilot burner flame, transmits an impulse to the valve electromagnet, which in turn automatically holds the valve open and provides gas access to the block valve.
If the draft is disrupted or absent, the solenoid valve stops the gas supply to the device.
Rules for installing an instantaneous gas water heater An instantaneous water heater is installed in a one-story room in compliance with technical specifications. The height of the room must be at least 2 m. The volume of the room must be at least 7.5 m3 (if in a separate room). If the water heater is installed in a room together with a 19-gas stove, then there is no need to add the volume of the room for installing the water heater to the room with a gas stove. Should there be a chimney, ventilation duct, or clearance in the room where the instantaneous water heater is installed? 0.2 m2 from the area of the door, window with an opening device, the distance from the wall should be 2 cm for an air gap, the water heater should hang on a wall made of fireproof material. If there are no fireproof walls in the room, it is allowed to install the water heater on a fire-resistant wall at a distance of at least 3 cm from the wall. In this case, the wall surface should be insulated with roofing steel over an asbestos sheet 3 mm thick. The upholstery should protrude 10 cm beyond the body of the water heater. When installing the water heater on a wall lined with glazed tiles, additional insulation is not required. The horizontal clear distance between the protruding parts of the water heater must be at least 10 cm. The temperature of the room in which the device is installed must be at least 5 0 C. The room must have natural light.
It is prohibited to install a gas instantaneous water heater in residential buildings above five floors, in the basement and in the bathroom.
As a complex household appliance, the speaker has a set of automatic mechanisms that ensure safe operation. Unfortunately, many old models installed in apartments today do not contain a complete set of security automation. And for a significant part, these mechanisms have long since failed and have been turned off.
Using speakers without automatic safety systems, or with the automatic systems turned off, is fraught with a serious threat to the safety of your health and property! Security systems include: Backdraft control. If the chimney is blocked or clogged and combustion products flow back into the room, the gas supply should automatically stop. Otherwise, the room will fill with carbon monoxide.
1) Thermoelectric fuse (thermocouple). If during the operation of the column there was a short-term interruption in the gas supply (i.e., the burner went out), and then the supply resumed (gas flowed out when the burner went out), then its further supply should automatically stop. Otherwise, the room will fill with gas.
The principle of operation of the water-gas blocking system
The blocking system ensures that gas is supplied to the main burner only when hot water is being dispensed. Consists of a water unit and a gas unit.
The water unit consists of a body, a cover, a membrane, a plate with a rod and a Venturi fitting. The membrane divides the internal cavity of the water unit into submembrane and supra-membrane, which are connected by a bypass channel.
When the water intake valve is closed, the pressure in both cavities is equal and the membrane occupies the lower position. When the water intake is opened, water flowing through the Venturi fitting injects water from the over-membrane cavity through the bypass channel and the water pressure in it drops. The membrane and the plate with the rod rise, the rod of the water unit pushes the rod of the gas unit, which opens the gas valve and gas flows to the burner. When water intake is stopped, the water pressure in both cavities of the water unit is equalized and, under the influence of a cone spring, the gas valve lowers and stops gas access to the main burner.
The operating principle of automatic control of the presence of flame on the igniter.
Provided by the operation of the EMC and thermocouple. When the igniter flame weakens or goes out, the thermocouple junction does not heat up, the EMF is not emitted, the electromagnet core is demagnetized and the valve closes by force of the spring, cutting off the gas supply to the device.
Operating principle of automatic traction safety system.
§ Automatic shutdown of the device in the absence of draft in the chimney is ensured by: 21 Draft sensor (DT) EMC with thermocouple Igniter.
The DT consists of a bracket with a bimetallic plate fixed to it at one end. A valve is attached to the free end of the plate, closing the hole in the sensor fitting. The DT fitting is secured in the bracket with two locknuts, with which you can adjust the height of the plane of the outlet opening of the fitting relative to the bracket, thereby adjusting the tightness of the valve closure.
In the absence of draft in the chimney, flue gases come out under the hood and heat the bimetallic plate of the diesel engine, which bends and lifts the valve, opening the hole in the fitting. The main part of the gas, which should go to the igniter, exits through the hole in the sensor fitting. The flame on the igniter decreases or goes out, and heating of the thermocouple stops. The EMF in the electromagnet winding disappears and the valve shuts off the gas supply to the device. The automatic response time should not exceed 60 seconds.
Automatic safety diagram VPG-23 Automatic safety diagram for instantaneous water heaters with automatic shutdown of the gas supply to the main burner in the absence of draft. This automation operates on the basis of the electromagnetic valve EMK-11-15. The draft sensor is a bimetallic plate with a valve, which is installed in the area of the water heater draft breaker. In the absence of draft, hot combustion products wash the plate, and it opens the sensor nozzle. At the same time, the pilot burner flame decreases as gas rushes towards the sensor nozzle. The thermocouple of the EMK-11-15 valve cools down and it blocks gas access to the burner. The solenoid valve is built into the gas inlet, in front of the gas tap. The EMC is powered by a Chromel-Copel thermocouple inserted into the pilot burner flame zone. When the thermocouple is heated, the excited thermal force (up to 25 mV) is supplied to the winding of the electromagnet core, which holds the valve connected to the armature in the open position. The valve is opened manually using a button located on the front wall of the device. When the flame goes out, the spring-loaded valve, which is not held by the 22 electromagnet, blocks the access of gas to the burners. Unlike other electromagnetic valves, in the EMK-11-15 valve, due to the sequential operation of the lower and upper valves, it is impossible to forcibly turn off the safety automatics by securing the lever in a pressed state, as consumers sometimes do. Until the bottom valve closes the gas passage to the main burner, gas cannot enter the pilot burner.
For blocking traction, the same EMC and the effect of extinguishing the pilot burner are used. A bimetallic sensor located under the upper cap of the device, heating up (in the zone of the reverse flow of hot gases that occurs when the draft stops), opens the gas discharge valve from the pilot burner pipeline. The burner goes out, the thermocouple cools and the electromagnetic valve (EMV) blocks gas access to the apparatus.
Maintenance of the device 1. Monitoring the operation of the device is the responsibility of the owner, who is obliged to keep it clean and in good condition.
2. To ensure normal operation of an instantaneous gas water heater, it is necessary to carry out a preventive inspection at least once a year.
3. Periodic maintenance of an instantaneous gas water heater is carried out by gas service workers in accordance with the requirements of operating rules in the gas industry at least once a year.
Basic water heater malfunctions
|
Broken water plate |
Replace plate |
||
|
Scale deposits in the heater |
Wash the heater |
||
|
The main burner lights with a bang |
The holes in the faucet plug or nozzles are clogged |
Clean holes |
|
|
Insufficient gas pressure |
Increase gas pressure |
||
|
The tightness of the draft sensor is broken |
Adjust the traction sensor |
||
|
When the main burner is turned on, the flame shoots out |
Ignition retarder not adjusted |
Adjust |
|
|
Soot deposits on the heater |
Clean the heater |
||
|
When the water intake is turned off, the main burner continues to burn |
Safety valve spring broken |
Replace spring |
|
|
Safety valve seal worn |
Replace seal |
||
|
Foreign bodies entering the valve |
Clear |
||
|
Insufficient water heating |
Low gas pressure |
Increase gas pressure |
|
|
The tap hole or nozzles are clogged |
Clean the hole |
||
|
Soot deposits on the heater |
Clean the heater |
||
|
Bent safety valve stem |
Replace the rod |
||
|
Low water consumption |
Water filter clogged |
Clean the filter |
|
|
The water pressure adjustment screw is too tight |
Loosen the adjusting screw |
||
|
The hole in the Venturi tube is clogged |
Clean the hole |
||
|
Scale deposits in the coil |
Rinse the coil |
||
|
There is a lot of noise when the water heater is running |
High water consumption |
Reduce water consumption |
|
|
Presence of burrs in the Venturi tube |
Remove burrs |
||
|
Misalignment of gaskets in the water unit |
Install gaskets correctly |
||
|
After a short period of operation, the water heater turns off |
Lack of traction |
Clean the chimney |
|
|
The draft sensor is leaking |
Adjust the traction sensor |
Electrical circuit break
There are many reasons for circuit violations; they are usually the result of a break (violation of contacts and connections) or, conversely, a short circuit before electricity generated by the thermocouple, enters the electromagnet coil and thereby ensures a stable attraction of the armature to the core. Circuit breaks, as a rule, are observed at the junction of the thermocouple terminal and a special screw, at the place where the core winding is attached to the figured or connecting nuts. Short circuits are possible in the thermocouple itself due to careless handling (fractures, bends, impacts, etc.) during maintenance or due to failure as a result of excessive service life. This can often be observed in those apartments where the pilot burner of the water heater burns all day, and often for days, in order to avoid the need to ignite it before turning on the water heater for operation, of which the owner may have more than a dozen during the day. Short circuits are also possible in the electromagnet itself, especially when the insulation of a special screw made of washers, tubes and similar insulating materials is displaced or broken. In order to speed up repair work, it would be natural for everyone involved in their implementation to constantly have a spare thermocouple and electromagnet with them.
A mechanic looking for the cause of a valve failure must first obtain a clear answer to the question. Who is to blame for valve failure - thermocouple or magnet? The thermocouple is replaced first, as the simplest option (and the most common). Then, if the result is negative, the electromagnet is subjected to the same operation. If this does not help, then the thermocouple and electromagnet are removed from the water heater and checked separately, for example, the thermocouple junction is heated by the flame of the top burner of a gas stove in the kitchen, and so on. Thus, the mechanic uses the method of elimination to install the defective unit, and then proceeds directly to the repair or simply replacing it with a new one. Only an experienced, qualified mechanic can determine the cause of a solenoid valve failure without resorting to a step-by-step investigation by replacing supposedly faulty components with known good ones.
Used Books
1) Handbook on gas supply and gas use (N.L. Staskevich, G.N. Severinets, D.Ya. Vigdorchik).
2) Handbook of a young gas worker (K.G. Kyazimov).
3) Notes on special technology.
Posted on Allbest.ru
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Malfunctions of the KGI-56 column
Insufficient water pressure;
The hole in the submembrane space is clogged - clean it;
The rod does not move well in the oil seal - refill the oil seal and lubricate the rod.
2. When the water intake stops, the main burner does not go out:
The hole in the supra-membrane space is clogged - clean it;
Dirt has gotten under the safety valve - clean it;
The small spring has weakened - replace it;
The rod does not move well in the oil seal - refill the oil seal and lubricate the rod.
3. The radiator is clogged with soot:
Adjust the combustion of the main burner, clean the radiator from soot.
HSV-23
The name of a modern speaker made in Russia almost always contains the letters HSV: This is a water heating device (B) flow-through (P) gas (G). The number after the letters HSV indicates thermal power device in kilowatts (kW). For example, VPG-23 is a flow-through gas water heating device with a thermal power of 23 kW. Thus, the name of modern speakers does not determine their design.
Water heater VPG-23 created on the basis of the VPG-18 water heater, produced in Leningrad. Subsequently, VPG-23 was manufactured in the 80-90s. at a number of enterprises in the USSR and then the CIS.
VPG-23 has the following technical characteristics:
thermal power - 23 kW;
water consumption when heated to 45°C - 6 l/min;
water pressure - 0.5-6 kgf/cm2.
VPG-23 consists of a gas outlet, radiator (heat exchanger), main burner, block valve and solenoid valve (Fig. 23).
Gas outlet serves to supply combustion products to the smoke exhaust pipe of the column.
The heat exchanger consists from a heater and a fire chamber surrounded by a cold water coil. The dimensions of the VPG-23 fire chamber are smaller than those of the KGI-56, because the VPG burner provides better mixing of gas with air, and the gas burns with a shorter flame. A significant number of HSV columns have a radiator consisting of one heater. The walls of the fire chamber in this case are made of steel sheet, which saves copper.
Main burner consists of 13 sections and a manifold, connected to each other by two screws. The sections are assembled into a single unit using coupling bolts. The manifold has 13 nozzles, each of which supplies gas to its own section.
Rice. 23. Column VPG-23
The block crane consists from gas and water parts connected by three screws (Fig. 24).
Gas part The valve block consists of a body, a valve, a cone insert for a gas valve, a valve plug, and a gas valve cap. The valve has rubber seal by outer diameter. A cone spring presses on it from above. The safety valve seat is made in the form of a brass insert pressed into the gas part body. The gas valve has a handle with a limiter that fixes the opening of the gas supply to the igniter. The faucet plug is held in the body by a large spring. The valve plug has a recess for supplying gas to the igniter. When the valve is turned from the extreme left position to an angle of 40°, the recess coincides with the gas supply hole, and gas begins to flow to the igniter. In order to supply gas to the main burner, you need to press the tap handle and turn further.
Rice. 24. Block crane VPG-23
Water part consists of lower and upper covers, Venturi nozzle, membrane, poppet with rod, ignition retarder, rod seal and rod pressure bushing. Water is supplied to the water part on the left, enters the submembrane space, creating a pressure in it equal to the water pressure in the water supply. Having created pressure under the membrane, the water passes through the Venturi nozzle and rushes to the radiator. The Venturi nozzle is a brass tube, in the narrowest part of which there are four through holes that open into an outer circular recess. The groove coincides with the through holes that are present in both water part covers. Through these holes, pressure is transferred from the narrowest part of the Venturi nozzle to the supra-membrane space. The poppet rod is sealed with a nut, which compresses the fluoroplastic seal.
Automation works based on water flow in the following way. When water passes through a Venturi nozzle, the narrowest part has the highest water speed and therefore the lowest pressure. This pressure is transmitted through the through holes into the supra-membrane cavity of the water part. As a result, a pressure difference appears under and above the membrane, which bends upward and pushes the plate with the rod. The water part rod, resting against the gas part rod, lifts the safety valve from the seat. As a result, the gas passage to the main burner opens. When water flow stops, the pressure under and above the membrane is equalized. The cone spring puts pressure on the safety valve and presses it against the seat, and the gas supply to the main burner stops.
Solenoid valve(Fig. 25) serves to shut off the gas supply when the igniter goes out.
Rice. 25. Electromagnetic valve VPG-23
When you press the solenoid valve button, its rod rests against the valve and moves it away from the seat, compressing the spring. At the same time, the armature is pressed against the core of the electromagnet. At the same time, gas begins to flow into the gas part of the block tap. After the igniter is ignited, the flame begins to heat the thermocouple, the end of which is installed in a strictly defined position in relation to the igniter (Fig. 26).
Rice. 26. Installation of igniter and thermocouple
The voltage generated when the thermocouple is heated is supplied to the winding of the electromagnet core. The core begins to hold the armature, and with it the valve, in the open position. Solenoid valve response time - about 60 sec. When the igniter goes out, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing voltage. The core no longer holds the armature; under the action of the spring, the valve closes. The gas supply to both the igniter and the main burner is stopped.
Automatic traction cuts off the gas supply to the main burner and igniter if the draft in the chimney is disrupted. It works on the principle of “gas removal from the igniter”.
Rice. 27. Traction sensor
The automation consists of a tee, which is attached to the gas part of the block tap, a tube to the draft sensor and the sensor itself. Gas from the tee is supplied to both the igniter and the draft sensor installed under the gas outlet. The traction sensor (Fig. 27) consists of a bimetallic plate and a fitting secured with two nuts. The upper nut also serves as a seat for a plug that blocks the gas outlet from the fitting. A tube supplying gas from the tee is attached to the fitting with a union nut.
With normal draft, combustion products go into the chimney without hitting the bimetallic plate. The plug is pressed tightly to the seat, gas does not escape from the sensor. If the draft in the chimney is disrupted, the combustion products heat the bimetallic plate. It bends upward and opens the gas outlet from the fitting. The gas supply to the igniter decreases sharply, and the flame stops heating the thermocouple normally. It cools down and stops producing voltage. As a result, the solenoid valve closes.
Malfunctions
1.The main burner does not light up:
Insufficient water pressure;
Deformation or rupture of the membrane - replace the membrane;
The Venturi nozzle is clogged - clean it;
The rod has come off the plate - replace the rod with the plate;
The distortion of the gas part in relation to the water part is leveled using three screws;
2. When the water intake stops, the main burner does not go out:
Dirt has gotten under the safety valve - clean it;
The cone spring has weakened - replace it;
The rod does not move well in the oil seal - lubricate the rod and check the tightness of the nut.
3.If there is a pilot flame, the solenoid valve is not held in the open position:
a) electrical failure the circuit between the thermocouple and the electromagnet is open or short circuited. Maybe:
Lack of contact between the thermocouple and electromagnet terminals;
Violation of the insulation of the copper wire of the thermocouple and short circuit with the tube;
Violation of the insulation of the turns of the electromagnet coil, shorting them to each other or to the core;
Disruption of the magnetic circuit between the armature and the core of the electromagnet coil due to oxidation, dirt, grease film, etc. It is necessary to clean the surfaces using a piece of rough cloth. Cleaning surfaces with files, sandpaper, etc. is not allowed;
b) insufficient heating thermocouples:
The working end of the thermocouple is smoked;
The igniter nozzle is clogged;
The thermocouple is installed incorrectly relative to the igniter.
Column FAST
FAST instantaneous water heaters have open camera combustion, combustion products are removed from them due to natural draft. FAST-11 CFP and FAST-11 CFE columns heat 11 liters of hot water per minute when the water is heated to 25°C
(∆T = 25°С), columns FAST-14 CF P and FAST-14 CF E - 14 l/min.
Flame control on FAST-11 CF P (FAST-14 CF P) produces thermocouple, on columns FAST-11 CF E (FAST-14 CF E) - ionization sensor. Speakers with an ionization sensor have an electronic control unit that requires power supply - a 1.5 V battery. The minimum water pressure at which the burner ignites is 0.2 bar (0.2 kgf/cm2).
The diagram of the FAST CF water heater model E (i.e. with an ionization sensor) is shown in Fig. 28. The column consists of the following nodes:
Gas outlet (traction diverter);
Heat exchanger;
Burner;
Control block;
Gas valve;
Water valve.
The gas outlet is made of aluminum sheet 0.8 mm thick. The diameter of the smoke exhaust pipe FAST-11 is 110 mm, FAST-14 is 125 mm (or 130 mm). A draft sensor is installed on the gas outlet 1 . The heat exchanger of the water heater is made of copper using the “Water cooling of the combustion chamber” technology. Copper tube has a wall thickness of 0.75 mm, internal diameter - 13 mm. The burner model FAST-11 has 13 nozzles, FAST-14 has 16 nozzles. The nozzles are pressed into the manifold; when switching from natural gas to liquefied gas or vice versa, the manifold is replaced entirely. An ionization electrode is attached to the burner 4, ignition electrode 2 and igniter 3.
Rice. 28. FAST CFE water heater diagram
Electronic control unit powered by a 1.5 V battery. Ionization and ignition electrodes, a draft sensor, on/off button 5, and a microswitch are connected to it 6, as well as main solenoid valve 7 and igniter solenoid valve 8. Both solenoid valves fit into a gas valve which also contains a diaphragm 9, main valve 10 and cone valve 11. The gas valve contains a device for regulating the gas supply to the burner (12). The user can regulate the gas supply from 40 to 100% of the possible value.
The water valve has a membrane with a plate 13 and Venturi tube 14. Using a water temperature controller 15 the consumer can change the water flow through the water heater from minimum (2-5 l/min) to maximum (11 l/min or 14 l/min, respectively). The water valve has a main regulator 16 and additional regulator 17, as well as a flow regulator 18. A vacuum tube is used to provide a pressure differential across the membrane. 19.
FAST CF model E speakers are automatic, after pressing the button " on off" 5 further switching on and off is carried out by the hot water tap. When the water flow through the water valve is more than 2.5 l/min, the membrane with the plate 13 moves and turns on the microswitch 6, and also opens the cone valve 11. Main valve 10 is closed before switching on, since the pressure above and below the membrane 9 is the same. The above-membrane and sub-membrane spaces are connected to each other through a normally open main solenoid valve 7. After switching on, the electronic control unit supplies sparks to the ignition electrode 2 and voltage to the igniter solenoid valve 8, which was closed. If after igniting the igniter 3 ionization electrode 4 detects a flame, the main solenoid valve is energized 10 and it closes. Gas from under the membrane 9 goes to the igniter. Pressure under the membrane 9 decreases, it moves and opens the main valve 10. Gas goes to the burner, it lights up. Igniter 3 goes out, power to the pilot valve is turned off. If the burner goes out, through the ionization electrode 4 the current will stop flowing. The control unit will turn off the power to the main solenoid valve 7. It will open, the pressure under and above the membrane will equalize, the main valve 10 will close. The burner power changes automatically and depends on water consumption. Cone valve 11 due to its shape, it ensures a smooth change in the amount of gas supplied to the burner.
Water valve works in the following way. When water flows, a membrane with a plate 13 deviates due to changes in pressure below and above the membrane. The process occurs through a Venturi tube 14. As water flows through the constriction of the Venturi, the pressure decreases. Through a vacuum tube 19 the reduced pressure is transmitted to the supramembrane space. Main regulator 16 connected to membrane 13. It moves depending on the water flow, as well as the position of the additional regulator 1 7. The water flow ends through the Venturi tube and the open temperature controller 15. Temperature regulator 15 the consumer can change the water flow, which allows some of the water to bypass the Venturi tube. The more water passes through the temperature controller 15, the lower its temperature at the outlet of the water heater.
Gas supply adjustment to the burner, depending on the water flow, occurs as follows. When the flow increases, the membrane with a plate 13 rejected. The main regulator deviates with it 16, the water flow decreases, i.e. the water flow depends on the position of the membrane. At the same time, the position of the cone valve 11 in a gas valve also depends on the movement of the membrane with the plate 13.
When closing the hot tap water pressure on both sides of membrane with plate 13 leveled out. The spring closes the cone valve 11.
Traction sensor 1 installed at the gas outlet. If the draft is disrupted, it heats up with combustion products, and the contact in it opens. As a result, the control unit is disconnected from the battery and the water heater is turned off.
Review questions
1. What is the nominal pressure of LPG for household stoves?
2. What needs to be done to convert the stove from one gas to another?
3. How is the stove faucet designed?
4. How does electric ignition of stove burners occur?
5. Describe the main malfunctions of slabs.
6. Explain the sequence of actions when igniting the stove burners.
7. What are the main components of the column?
8. What does the dispenser safety automation control?
9. How is the gas part of KGI-56 arranged?
10. How does the KGI-56 block crane work?
11. How does the water part of VPG-23 work?
12. Where is the Venturi nozzle located in the VPG-23?
13. Describe the operation of the water part of the VPG-23.
14. How does the VPG-23 solenoid valve work?
15. How does the VPG-23 automatic traction system work?
16. For what reason may the main VPG-23 burner not light up?
17. What is the minimum water pressure for the FAST column to operate?
18. What is the supply voltage for the FAST column?
19. Describe the design of the gas valve of the FAST dispenser.
20. Describe the operation of the FAST column.
Gas water heater VPG 23 instructions. Download three files and get a prize! (see conditions below)
Gas water heater VPG 23 instructions
This site presents: All devices have a draft sensor and protective devices that turn off the gas in emergency situations, which ensures safe operation.. They have small sizes and low price.. Batteries need to be changed every six months or once a year.. The difference is rather in the comfort of operation and the cost of one or another type of gas water heater.. Therefore, all work on installing a gas appliance should be carried out only by specialists who have the appropriate licenses from Gosgortekhnadzor .. In two or three room apartments can be installed geysers having a standard power of 23-24 kW and a productivity of 13-14 l min.. Long and flawless operation of the dispenser largely depends on its correct installation.. Such devices, from a safety point of view, must be replaced with new ones that have a Certificate of Conformity with the State Standard of Ukraine and permission from the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority for operation.. Most often, this element is two AA batteries.. The advantages of this solution are obvious: only cold water and gas are installed in the building, hot water is always available in the apartment and does not depend on preventive and repair work at the heating plant.. Number of distribution points hot water and the plumbing used.. In one-room apartments, you can install geysers with a power of 17-17, kW and a capacity of 10-11 l min.. Water pressure Italy Beretta Idrabagno, Germany bosch WR.. Geysers with piezo ignition This type of geyser is based based on the piezoelectric effect.. Water flow regulator. The main direction in which all manufacturers of geysers work is to ensure their complete safety during operation.. It should be noted that geysers must be installed by certified specialists.. Bends from the water heater to the chimney are purchased separately.. Choice instantaneous (and storage) gas water heaters are now quite large. Stores selling such equipment offer both imported (Ariston, aeg, Electrolux, Demrad, Vaillant) and Russian (Neva, Astra, Avangard) products .. Geysers come in several types: with manual, electronic and piezo ignition.. Geysers, like any other equipment, wear out over time, exhaust their service life, and fail.. These devices do not require a stationary chimney.. When selecting new gas appliance, it is necessary to take into account some factors affecting the heating of hot water: Minimum water pressure at the entrance to the appliance.. Praise and scold the geysers ( instantaneous water heaters) from different companies.. In houses where fluctuations in water pressure below 1 atm are possible.. Companies that manufacture geysers, both domestic and imported, are constantly improving their products and there are no longer any modern device which must be set on fire with matches.. When you open the tap, the column will light up, and after a few seconds hot water will begin to flow.. What to prefer, a domestic device or an imported one, a small device or high performance, well-established service or a low price?. Geysers with various types burners The following can be used in gas burner designs: gas-burners with constant power, where constant manual adjustment of the water temperature is required depending on its flow; gas burners with variable power, where the power changes automatically depending on the water flow; Design of column 1.. It is better to install columns that turn on from a minimum water pressure of 0, atm.. We hope that you will find the answers to these questions in this article.. Many residents in their everyday lives are faced with such a household appliance as a gas water heater every day. Water pressure Russia Tulachermet Proton-1m 0.5 Russia Proton-2 0, Russia Proton-3 0, Czech Republic mora.. At the same time, their operational and technical properties and capabilities are almost the same.. All devices indicated in the tables are equipped with piezo or electric ignition and connected to a chimney with natural draft.. There is another group of geysers in which the combustion chamber is hermetically closed; a coaxial (pipe in a pipe) chimney is used that goes out into the street through the wall (completed and purchased separately).. The thermocouple will block its flow if the pilot goes out burner, and the hydraulic valve will stop supplying the main burner if there is no water in the heat exchanger.. Geysers come in different types depending on how they are turned on and what type of burner is used. Geysers with manual ignition. Such geysers are practically not used today.. You can view all the models in our stores or in our online store. They can be recommended for installation in private homes, since not all apartments have the conditions for installing these devices. In the same mode, the gas water heater is turned off when closing the water tap.. On electronic speakers, nothing lights up anywhere even after closing the water tap.These water heating devices (Table 133) (GOST 19910-74) are installed mainly in gasified residential buildings equipped with running water, but without centralized hot water supply. They provide rapid (within 2 minutes) heating of water (up to a temperature of 45 ° C) continuously supplied from the water supply.
Based on the equipment with automatic and control devices, the devices are divided into two classes.
Table 133. TECHNICAL DATA OF DOMESTIC GAS FLOW WATER HEATING DEVICES
Note. Type 1 devices - with exhaust of combustion products into the chimney, type 2 - with exhaust of combustion products into the room.
High-end devices (B) have automatic safety and regulation devices that provide:
b) turning off the main burner in the absence of vacuum in
Chimney (apparatus type 1);
c) regulation of water flow;
d) regulation of gas flow or pressure (natural only).
All devices are equipped with an externally controlled ignition device, and type 2 devices are additionally equipped with a temperature selector.
First class devices (P) are equipped automatic devices ignition, providing:
a) gas access to the main burner only in the presence of a pilot flame and water flow;
b) turning off the main burner in the absence of vacuum in the Chimney (type 1 device).
The pressure of heated water at the inlet is 0.05-0.6 MPa (0.5-6 kgf/cm²).
The devices must have gas and water filters.
The devices are connected to water and gas pipelines using union nuts or couplings with lock nuts.
Symbol of a water heater with a rated heat load of 21 kW (18 thousand kcal/h) with combustion products discharged into the chimney, operating on gases of the 2nd category, first class: VPG-18-1-2 (GOST 19910-74).
Flowing gas water heaters KGI, GVA and L-3 are unified and have three models: VPG-8 (flowing gas water heater); HSV-18 and HSV-25 (Table 134).
Rice. 128. Flow gas water heater HSV-18
1 - cold water pipe; 2 - gas tap; 3 - pilot burner; 4-gas exhaust device; 5 - thermocouple; 6 - solenoid valve; 7 - gas pipeline; 8 - hot water pipe; 9 - traction sensor; 10 - heat exchanger; 11 - main burner; 12 - water-gas block with nozzle
Table 134. TECHNICAL DATA OF UNIFIED FLOW FLOW WATER HEATERS VPG
| Indicators | Water heater model | ||
| HSV-8 | HSV-18 | VPG-25 | |
| Heat load, kW (kcal/h) Heating capacity, kW (kcal/h) Allowable water pressure, MPa (kgf/cm²) |
9,3 (8000) 85 | 2,1 (18000)
18 (15 300) 0,6 (6) |
2,9 (25 000) 85
25 (21 700) 0,6 (6) |
| Gas pressure, kPa (kgf/m2): natural liquefied Volume of heated water in 1 min at 50 °C, l Diameter of fittings for water and gas, mm Diameter of the pipe for removal of combustion products, mm |
|||
| Overall dimensions, mm; | |||
Table 135. TECHNICAL DATA OF GAS WATER HEATERS
| Indicators | Water heater model | |||
| KGI-56 | GVA-1 | GVA-3 | L-3 | |
| 29 (25 000) | 26 (22 500) | 25 (21 200) | 21 (18 000) | |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /h; | ||||
| natural | 2.94 | 2,65 | 2,5 | 2,12 |
| liquefied | - | - | 0,783 | |
| Water consumption, l/mnn, temperature 60° C | 7,5 | 6 | 6 | 4,8 |
| Diameter of the pipe for removal of combustion products, mm | 130 | 125 | 125 | 128 |
| Diameter of connecting fittings D mm: | ||||
| cold water | 15 | 20 | 20 | 15 |
| hot water | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| gas Dimensions, mm: height |
15 950 | 15 885 | 15 | 15 |
| width | 425 | 365 | 345 | 430 |
| depth | 255 | 230 | 256 | 257 |
| Weight, kg | 23 | 14 | 19,5 | 17,6 |
The names of dispensers produced in Russia often contain the letters VPG: this is a water heating device (W), flow-through (P), gas (G). The number after the letters VPG indicates the thermal power of the device in kilowatts (kW). For example, VPG-23 is a flow-through gas water heating device with a thermal power of 23 kW. Thus, the name of modern speakers does not determine their design.
The VPG-23 water heater was created on the basis of the VPG-18 water heater, produced in Leningrad. Subsequently, VPG-23 was produced in the 90s at a number of enterprises in the USSR, and then - SIG. A number of such devices are in operation. Individual components, for example, the water part, are used in some models of modern Neva speakers.
Basic specifications HSV-23:
- thermal power - 23 kW;
- productivity when heated at 45 °C - 6 l/min;
- minimum water pressure - 0.5 bar:
- maximum water pressure - 6 bar.
VPG-23 consists of a gas outlet, a heat exchanger, a main burner, a block valve and a solenoid valve (Fig. 74).
The gas outlet serves to supply combustion products to the smoke exhaust pipe of the column. The heat exchanger consists of a heater and a fire chamber surrounded by a cold water coil. The height of the VPG-23 fire chamber is less than that of the KGI-56, because the VPG burner provides better mixing of gas with air, and the gas burns with a shorter flame. A significant number of HSV columns have a heat exchanger consisting of a single heater. In this case, the walls of the fire chamber were made of steel sheet; there was no coil, which allowed saving copper. The main burner is multi-nozzle, it consists of 13 sections and a manifold, connected to each other by two screws. The sections are assembled into a single unit using coupling bolts. There are 13 nozzles installed in the manifold, each of which sprays gas into its own section.
The block tap consists of gas and water parts connected by three screws (Fig. 75). The gas part of the block valve consists of a body, a valve, a valve plug, and a gas valve cap. A conical insert for the gas valve plug is pressed into the housing. The valve has a rubber seal along the outer diameter. A cone spring presses on it from above. The safety valve seat is made in the form of a brass liner, pressed into the body of the gas part. The gas valve has a handle with a limiter that secures the opening of the gas supply to the igniter. The tap plug is pressed against the cone liner by a large spring.
The valve plug has a recess for supplying gas to the igniter. When the valve is turned from the extreme left position to an angle of 40°, the recess coincides with the gas supply hole, and gas begins to flow to the igniter. In order to supply gas to the main burner, the tap handle must be pressed and turned further.
The water part consists of the lower and upper covers, Venturi nozzle, membrane, poppet with rod, ignition retarder, rod seal and rod pressure bushing. Water is supplied to the water part on the left, enters the submembrane space, creating a pressure in it equal to the water pressure in the water supply. Having created pressure under the membrane, the water passes through the Venturi nozzle and rushes to the heat exchanger. The Venturi nozzle is a brass tube, in the narrowest part of which there are four through holes that open into an outer circular recess. The groove coincides with the through holes that are present in both water part covers. Through these holes, pressure from the narrowest part of the Venturi nozzle will be transferred to the supra-membrane space. The poppet rod is sealed with a nut, which compresses the fluoroplastic seal.
The water flow automation works as follows. When water passes through a Venturi nozzle, the narrowest part has the highest water speed and therefore the lowest pressure. This pressure is transmitted through the through holes into the supra-membrane cavity of the water part. As a result, a pressure difference appears under and above the membrane, which bends upward and pushes the plate with the rod. The water part rod, resting against the gas part rod, lifts the valve from the seat. As a result, the gas passage to the main burner opens. When water flow stops, the pressure under and above the membrane is equalized. The cone spring presses on the valve and presses it against the seat, and the gas supply to the main burner stops.
The solenoid valve (Fig. 76) serves to shut off the gas supply when the igniter goes out.
When you press the solenoid valve button, its rod rests against the valve and moves it away from the seat, compressing the spring. At the same time, the armature is pressed against the core of the electromagnet. At the same time, gas begins to flow into the gas part of the block tap. After the igniter is ignited, the flame begins to heat the thermocouple, the end of which is installed in a strictly defined position in relation to the igniter (Fig. 77).
The voltage generated when the thermocouple is heated is supplied to the winding of the electromagnet core. In this case, the core holds the armature, and with it the valve, in the open position. The time during which the thermocouple generates the necessary thermo-EMF and the electromagnetic valve begins to hold the armature is about 60 seconds. When the igniter goes out, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing voltage. The core no longer holds the armature; under the action of the spring, the valve closes. The gas supply to both the igniter and the main burner is stopped.
Automatic draft switches off the gas supply to the main burner and igniter if the draft in the chimney is disrupted; it works on the principle of “gas removal from the igniter.” Automatic traction control consists of a tee, which is attached to the gas part of the block valve, a tube to the traction sensor and the sensor itself.
Gas from the tee is supplied to both the igniter and the draft sensor installed under the gas outlet. The traction sensor (Fig. 78) consists of a bimetallic plate and a fitting secured with two nuts. The upper nut also serves as a seat for a plug that blocks the gas outlet from the fitting. A tube supplying gas from the tee is attached to the fitting with a union nut.
With normal draft, combustion products go into the chimney without heating the bimetallic plate. The plug is pressed tightly to the seat, gas does not escape from the sensor. If the draft in the chimney is disrupted, the combustion products heat the bimetallic plate. It bends upward and opens the gas outlet from the fitting. The gas supply to the igniter decreases sharply, and the flame stops heating the thermocouple normally. It cools down and stops producing voltage. As a result, the solenoid valve closes.
Repair and service
The main malfunctions of the VPG-23 column include:
1. The main burner does not light up:
- low water pressure;
- deformation or rupture of the membrane - replace the membrane;
- Venturi nozzle is clogged - clean the nozzle;
- the rod has come off the plate - replace the rod with the plate;
- misalignment of the gas part in relation to the water part - align with three screws;
- the rod does not move well in the oil seal - lubricate the rod and check the tightness of the nut. If you loosen the nut more than necessary, water may leak from under the seal.
2. When the water intake stops, the main burner does not go out:
- Contaminants have gotten under the safety valve - clean the seat and valve;
- the cone spring is weakened - replace the spring;
- the rod does not move well in the oil seal - lubricate the rod and check the tightness of the nut. When the pilot flame is present, the solenoid valve is not held open:
3. Violation of the electrical circuit between the thermocouple and the electromagnet (break or short circuit). The following reasons are possible:
- lack of contact between the thermocouple and electromagnet terminals - clean the terminals with sandpaper;
- violation of the insulation of the copper wire of the thermocouple and short circuit it with the tube - in this case, the thermocouple is replaced;
- violation of the insulation of the turns of the electromagnet coil, shorting them to each other or to the core - in this case the valve is replaced;
- disruption of the magnetic circuit between the armature and the core of the electromagnet coil due to oxidation, dirt, grease film, etc. It is necessary to clean the surfaces using a piece of rough cloth. It is not allowed to clean surfaces with needle files, sandpaper etc.
4. Insufficient heating of the thermocouple:
- the working end of the thermocouple is smoked - remove soot from the hot junction of the thermocouple;
- the igniter nozzle is clogged - clean the nozzle;
- The thermocouple is incorrectly installed relative to the igniter - install the thermocouple relative to the igniter so as to ensure sufficient heating.
