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Perhaps many residents apartment buildings faced such problems as leakage, as well as the insufficiently reliable condition of the roof. This includes such disadvantages as poor-quality coating, roof collapse in an old house, etc. That is why major renovation roofs apartment building– one of the most pressing issues for many residents.
Very often, many citizens, turning for help to various authorities involved in the maintenance of houses, are faced with their complete inaction, as a result of which the collection of funds for roof repairs in an apartment building is carried out independently.
However, before contacting such bodies and paying for the services of specialists in roofing work, it is necessary to understand the reason itself. Next we will talk about what types of roofs exist in apartment buildings, as well as the problems arising in connection with them and ways to solve them.
Types of roofing in apartment buildings
Since the types of roofs in multi-storey buildings There are several, it is important to understand the features of each of them, since repair work can vary significantly.
According to the design and shape of the roof, they are divided into:
- single-pitched (with different inclined angles);
- gable;
- multi-slope;
- pitchless (standard flat roofs);
- complex (more typical for modern buildings than for old houses).
The roof structure includes outer covering and a support located from the inside (this can be a rafter system or a reinforced concrete slab). Also mandatory elements are drainage system, as well as layers of insulation and waterproofing. One way or another, when carrying out a major overhaul of the roof of an apartment building, it is imperative to take into account everything design features roofs.
Roof repair methods
Work on the restoration of roofs of buildings with many apartments is usually divided into two large groups: current, or temporary, and capital, or complete.
Thus, current repairs to the roof of an apartment building are carried out if any defects in the roofing system are discovered. Very often, all work comes down to replacing the old and damaged roofing covering, which is usually roofing felt, with a new one, eliminating cracks and crevices that have appeared. Based on the need, the new coating can be laid in either one or two layers. Upon completion of the repair work, all seams and joints of the roofing sheet are completely sealed with special substances.
Regarding finances, this type of repair is not too expensive, so it is more common. However, there is another type current repairs when laying a new roofing sheet is not necessary. At the site of the defect, after a preliminary cut, the edges are bent, and inner space carefully cleaned. Next, it is dried using and treated with a layer of construction mastic, both the coating and its base. The edges are returned to their place, after which they must be pressed tightly against each other, waiting for complete adhesion.
Places where rot has appeared are completely cut out, and the roof is cleaned. All defective areas are filled with the same mastic, and then a new piece is glued to the area being treated, close to the old material. Of course, this method of repair is far from the highest quality, but nowadays it is quite common, especially on the roofs of old houses.
A major renovation of the roof of an apartment building involves a complete remodeling of the roof. The old covering is removed from it, after which a fresh screed is poured in and a new roofing carpet is laid in two layers. Carrying out such repairs should only be trusted by specialists, since damage may occur during the work. interior decoration located on the upper floors of apartments.
If the roof of an apartment building is leaking, this may be a consequence of improperly performed work. The main work during a major overhaul is to fuse roofing felt with a special gas burner(read: " "). The underside of the roofing carpet is heated from below, after which the material is carefully pressed against the base of the roof. It is very important to control the temperature of the fire, since its incorrect indicator can lead to the destruction of the material. The covering must be laid according to the overlap principle, and all seams must be treated with construction sealant.
Factors causing roof leaks in apartment buildings
There is only one way to avoid leaks - by performing a major roof repair. The reasons for the occurrence of these unpleasant defects can be very different, but most often they appear after heavy rains or during a period of massive melting of snow cover.
Thus, the causes of roof leaks in apartment buildings may be the following:
Roof leak detection
Before submitting an application for major repairs, you must clearly identify the area that is damaged. Most often, this involves comparing the location of the leak and then locating the source of damage on the roof. On soft bitumen roofs This is very easy to do - air bubbles form at the defect site.
In this case, the carpet should be replaced completely, and the necessary area should be thoroughly dried. You should not carry out this work yourself; it is better to entrust the work to specialists. But if there is a desire, detailed descriptions The entire progress of work with videos and photos can always be found in our articles on roofs and their repair.
Sometimes it happens that the problem of leaks on pitched roofs can also be complicated by rotting wooden rafters. In this case, not only the roof covering, but also individual structural elements usually need to be replaced.
Roofs based on the fusing principle
As has already become clear, the essence of a major overhaul comes down to the installation of weldable materials. According to existing standards, planned repairs with replacement (if necessary) of individual sections of the coating must be carried out by special services twice a year.
The whole process involves fusing roofing felt and other overlapping materials with a gas burner. Such repairs should be carried out for flat roofs, which are the majority today (read: " "). This material is resistant to moisture, temperature changes, and direct ultraviolet rays.
What to do if the roof is leaking, see details in the video:
The process of repairing pitched roofs
Coated for pitched roofs Usually a different material is used. Often these are sheets of metal, treated with zinc or simply painted. Repair work in this case, they consist of finding damaged covering elements, replacing them correctly and monitoring the condition of the roof base under the covering. To do this, the material must be removed and necessary work for the restoration of the rafter and sheathing system, as well as the base itself located under the covering.
Sometimes you can’t help but do this important part work, such as replacing the waterproofing layer and installing additional high-quality insulation. If the damage is insignificant, you can simply apply patches and treat all joints with sealant.
Any cracks and crevices should be filled with polyurethane-based sealant and covered with special polyurethane adhesives. It is important that the area of damage to be repaired is degreased and treated with a primer before all work. After the restoration is completed, it is customary to coat the roof with a paint specially designed for a specific roof, the functions of which are to give the coating greater strength and increase its service life.
When we talk about “types of roofing” and “types of house roofs,” we don’t always clearly understand the difference between these two concepts. Therefore, before we talk about what types of roofs there are, let’s find out the differences in the concepts of “roof” and “roofing”.
The roof (in the traditional sense) is a part of the building structure that provides its protection from all types of atmospheric precipitation, retains heat or protects against overheating. That is all top design structures. For modern stone building With flat design- These are floor slabs, heat and waterproofing. Exit, fencing, ventilation ducts and their protection, antenna fastening elements, funnels for releasing storm drains are also roof elements. There is no consensus regarding the identity of the hatch with the lock that hangs the housing unit to prevent people from climbing onto the roof. For a house with a sloping (pitched) structure, this concept includes the load-bearing rafter system or trusses, insulation, hydro- and wind insulation, pipes, weather vanes and roofing.
In fact, from the point of view of Soviet construction science, a roof is a pre-revolutionary and illiterate concept, and only the progressive term “covering” should be used. But in real life, even professional designers and builders rarely use it. Perhaps due to the likelihood of dual interpretation. In part, the definition of “covering” has taken root in relation to structures with a load-bearing reinforced concrete or metal base, mainly flat. And to call the upper part of St. Basil's Cathedral or the roof of a village hut a “covering” would not occur to any architect, even though they were taught “correctly.”
The roof is only a shell that protects the coating from atmospheric influences. The roof does not perform load-bearing functions. That is, floor slabs, rafter system, beams, and insulation do not belong to the roof. Often it includes load-bearing preparation of the roof: sheathing, decking, screed. The material laid on the prepared surface: Soviet roofing felt and slate, folk Russian-French ondulin, fabulous German tiles and New Russian copper is called roofing.
Flat and pitched designs
Roofs can be flat or pitched. In accordance with SNiP, roofs with a slope of up to 12° are flat, and those with a greater slope are pitched. On flat roofs, a slope is arranged to drain precipitation; 1.5-3° is sufficient.
The flat roof provides plenty of room for imagination in terms of design.
A pitched roof can be very original look
Attic and non-attic roofs
As the name suggests, attic roof has an attic, a non-attic one does not. Russian hut, and most types in general traditional home All countries and peoples have a ventilated attic. With the exception of mobile housing: yurts, tents, wigwams. This is difficult to do there. Also, the tribes living in the equatorial jungle do not have attics; they do not need them. Attics (technical floors) are found in modern multi-storey residential buildings. Therefore, if the roof is leaking, residents will not find out about it immediately.
Attic-free (synonym - combined) coverings can be pitched (attic) and flat. We are familiar with flat combined structures from panel “Khrushchev” buildings. The attic structure allows you to use the attic as a full-fledged living space. Attic and mansard roofs require good thermal insulation top floor. The roof of a one-story building can also be combined.
Combined gable roof in one-story house creates the impression of spaciousness
Types of flat coverings
The layout of flat roofs is quite similar; they differ mainly in design. According to the relative arrangement of layers of insulation and waterproofing, in addition to the usual type, they also distinguish inversion roofs, in this case, the hygroscopic (waterproof) insulation is located above the waterproofing layer. As load-bearing structures in flat roofs, prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete, metal profiles with metal beams, wooden beams with continuous flooring.
Flat roof roof structure according to reinforced concrete slab coating is multilayer
The area of flat roofs can be used by laying a covering on which you can walk: ceramic or paving slabs, boardwalk, or by installing a lawn on the roof.
New York has adopted a roof conversion program public buildings in gardens and lawns.
In fact, installing a lawn on the roof of a house is not as difficult as you might think. Perhaps the only thing that is relatively expensive is a waterproofing polymer membrane. Everything else is quite simple, and grass care is standard: it needs to be mowed and watered during drought. A layer of earth additionally protects the premises from cold in winter and from overheating in summer.
The design of the roof lawn is quite simple. It is necessary to use reliable waterproofing - a roofing polymer membrane
Details of the pitched structure
Before talking about what types of roofs there are, let’s define the main details of pitched roofs and terms. Main elements: ridge, inclined rib, valley (groove). Overhangs are divided into eaves (lower) and pediment (end or gable). For most types roofing coverings In addition to the main material, there are separate additional elements for protecting and decorating the roof parts.
The basic elements of pitched roofs are standard.
Let's look at what types of roofs there are depending on the configuration. The shapes of pitched roofs are very diverse. Most often, the simplest in design and rational single-pitch, gable and hip types and roof structures are used.
The first eight types shown in the illustration are available to a private developer of average income. The rest are quite complex and expensive to implement.
Let's consider individual types of roofs and their properties in more detail.
Single-pitch roofing
A roof with one slope is as simple as possible structurally and has a minimum number of parts. No ridge, for non-ventilated roof coverings (e.g. flexible tiles, seam roofing) there is no need for special ventilation elements. It is enough to provide a ventilation layer above the insulation, and ventilation holes can be placed in a binder. A pitched roof does not have valleys, ribs and ridges, which are most exposed to weather conditions. The maximum wear and tear on roofing in cold climates occurs in the valley, as snow and ice remain there longer. A simple-shaped roof with a slope to one side is exposed to uniform influence of precipitation, ultraviolet radiation and wind. The snow load is also distributed evenly. Other things being equal pitched roof will last a little longer. And it will cost less: a simpler rafter system, a minimum number of not always cheap additional elements.
Russian project standard house with a pitched roof. High slope with living rooms should be focused on sunny side
Shed roofs are quite popular in developed countries. More often they are used for inexpensive, or, conversely, prestigious housing. For a house with an attic, one slope allows you to rationally organize the layout, placing living spaces under the high slope, and stairs, bathrooms, and wardrobes under the low slope. In a premium home, such a roof makes it possible to create a magnificent interior.
To build this country house applied simple materials: wood, galvanized metal profile and a lot of glass. Large roof overhangs protect walls from precipitation and rooms from overheating. Athermal stained glass windows fill the house with light, open up the landscape and protect people from the cold
A roof with one barrel-shaped slope looks quite interesting
Gable design
The most common form in the world. The gable (gable) roof is traditional in almost all countries where at least some precipitation occurs. It is not much more difficult to build a supporting structure for two slopes than for one. It is very durable, especially if it is possible to build a closed rafter system using a tie.
Tightening (2) tightens rafter legs(1). From the closed triangular contour, only the vertical load is transferred to the Mauerlat (3) and the wall.
For large spans it is necessary to use additional supports
A gable roof is simple to implement, economical in materials, and not difficult to build yourself. Pediments serve as better places to place windows than slopes; it is not difficult to equip an attic.
The gable roof fits perfectly into the structure frame house, allows rational use of the space on the upper floor
The slopes do not have to have the same slope; the shape of the roof may be asymmetrical. The roof slope is determined mainly by the layout of the second floor.
The peaked roofs of half-timbered houses traditionally hid attics where residents stored some of their supplies. In this reconstructed house, the attic has been converted into living space
The Swiss chalet has a gable roof with slight slope
The minimal slope and open space of the upper floor create a wonderful, spacious interior
A gable roof can have many options. With a house plan more complex than a simple rectangle, more complex roof shapes are inevitable.
Gable roof with additional gable. With a stretch, it can be called multi-pincer
A gable roof (as well as a single-pitch roof) is perfect for landscaping.
The slope of the green roof should not exceed 25°
Hip view
A hip or hip roof is more complex than a gable roof. Both the rafter system and roofing will cost more. But you won't have to build masonry pediments. With an inexpensive roof covering (asbestos slate, ondulin), a hip roof, taking into account the absence of gables, will cost less than a gable roof. If it's more expensive, it's unlikely. From positive properties hip design can be called optimal aerodynamic drag such a design that, in general, can increase its service life (slightly). Slopes on all sides of the house allow you to make large canopies around the perimeter of the entire structure, providing walls with the best protection from precipitation. But in the organization attic space the hipped roof loses.
Simple-shaped hipped attic roof
There are varieties of hip roofs: half-hip (an intermediate type of roof between gable and hip), hip with a visor, or variations thereof.
The main part of the roof is of a rather complex shape - half-hip. To the right is a bay window with a multi-pitched roof and a pediment.
Windows in hip roof have to be built into the slopes, into the roofing. This complicates their design and operation and is often more expensive than placing a window in the pediment.
Dormer windows of this type are called “bull’s eye”
Multi-slope variety
They call it hip hipped roof. But if the house has more than four external corners, there will also be more slopes. A roof with more than four slopes is called multi-slope.
A multi-pitched roof is difficult to construct
A hipped roof is a hipped roof, all the faces (slopes) and edges of which converge at one upper point. This type of roof does not have a horizontal ridge.
Hip roof. It contains three types of roof windows at once.
Attic construction
Roofs are called mansard various forms and types that have one common feature: the shape of the slope is made of a broken line to increase the height of the attic rooms. In this way, it is possible to avoid the installation of sloping ceilings and arrange full-fledged rooms upstairs. The broken contour of the rafters can be used for any type of roof: gable, hip, half-hip, and so on.
Collected truss structure gable mansard roof.
The design of the attic roof allows you to connect the upper and lower beams (strings), racks, and rafters into a single truss, which provides it with extreme strength and allows you to slightly reduce the cross-section of the frame elements.
The load from the attic roof truss is transmitted vertically
Installation of load-bearing structures for mansard roofs is more difficult than for prototypes with a straight slope. Some larger area roofs. Accordingly, the cost is higher. However, these costs are recouped by increasing the area of normal height by attic floor.
Mansard roof based on a gable. Additional fractures in the cornice area make it possible to create large overhangs, making the roof vaguely reminiscent of Chinese pagodas
Pleasant to the eye hip mansard roof. The slopes are divided into different volumes, the lower part has a curved shape
Roofs of complex shapes
All kinds of domed, conical and closed roofs are complex in design and were invented by architects to design important public buildings. After the period of “crimson jackets” and “castles on the ruble”, complex roofs in the architecture of individual residential buildings are rare.
Residential building with a complex domed roof
Sometimes complex roofs are composed of known elements and are “hybrids” different types.
This roof combines the features of gable, hip, half-hip, pyramidal and conical roofs
But people strive to decorate their home and make it unusual. Sometimes there are “hybrid” types of roofs, which are difficult to define unambiguously.
A natural slate roof is definitely not flat. Germany
Simple in form, but unusual roof. To be more precise, this house has two of them, downstairs and upstairs.
The roof of this “dugout” would be intended for sledding in winter if palm trees were not reflected in the windows. And what type is it?
Choosing roofing material for a pitched roof
Types of roofing are determined by the material of the roofing covering. The roof can be tile, metal, shingle, copper, and so on. The choice of roofing is determined primarily by the financial capabilities of the developer, the aesthetic tastes of the wife and himself, and secondly by the shape of the roof and its slope. Roofs of curved shapes are covered with small-piece or flexible coverings, sheet materials more suitable for simple single-pitched and gable roofs. In the presence of fractures (oblique ribs, valleys), cutting sheets is less rational.
The table shows minimum slopes roofs for different types of roofing coverings
For roofs simple shapes you can use any roofing materials no limits. Roofs with a complex curved shape can only be decorated with small-piece (natural tiles, slate slate, shingles, shingles), flexible (bitumen shingles) coating. Roofing made of galvanized steel, copper, steel with titanium-zinc coating is also suitable, provided that the elements are individually cut and the seam is made on site.
So, we found out what types of roofs there are. What to choose for yourself? First of all, the roof must fit the budget. How more complex form, those more money will have to spend. WITH gable roof Any developer can handle it. In Germany there are 80 percent of such roofs. And why are we worse? If you have the funds, you can think of something more original, but something simple can be done beautifully.
In some cases (for example, if a metal tile system is being installed on top of an old soft tiles) this is possible. However, it is necessary to understand that a damaged base can begin to rot and, thereby, provoke failure of the new layer. This is why we would not recommend laying new materials on top of old ones. It is better to remove the damaged building material and completely complete the required work, as required by technology.
As practice shows, the overwhelming majority of roofs in ordinary private houses are built in such a way that there is no need to dismantle the roofing base to install an additional insulating layer. If we talk about multi-apartment buildings, then the situation is different: since fused coatings are used in multi-storey buildings, insulation becomes impossible.
If damage is present individual elements structure, then only these parts can be replaced. In this case, the area of damage should not exceed 35%. For larger problems, it is worth doing complete replacement rafter system.
Urgent repairs required if there is a serious violation of the tightness of the coating: it may be required if part of the roof is torn off, water leaks during precipitation, peeling, rupture or swelling of the roofing material.
We provide following dates warranty service:
- soft roof: 5 years
- metal roofing: 3 years
- roll and bitumen coatings: 3 years
- polymer tiles and seam roofing: 6 years.
Any leak is a problem that requires careful and timely repairs. Firstly, it is important to correctly determine the cause of the leak. Secondly, when self-repair there is a risk of damaging serviceable elements located nearby. If you are not a roofing specialist, we recommend calling a specialist who will not only fix the problem, but also provide a guarantee for his services.
In order to accurately determine the cause of the appearance of water, an examination will be carried out by a specialist. You can independently determine what is causing the appearance of moisture using the following signs:
- when a leak occurs in the roof, water begins to drip in the warm season after rain, and in the cold season during sunny weather and sudden warming.
- When condensation accumulates, moisture appears constantly and is practically independent of weather conditions.
In some cases (for example, if a metal tile system is being installed on top of old soft tiles), this is possible. However, it is necessary to understand that a damaged base can begin to rot and, thereby, provoke failure of the new layer. This is why we would not recommend laying new materials on top of old ones. It is better to remove the damaged building material and completely complete the required work, as required by technology.
As practice shows, the overwhelming majority of roofs in ordinary private houses are built in such a way that there is no need to dismantle the roofing base to install an additional insulating layer. If we talk about multi-apartment buildings, then the situation is different: since fused coatings are used in multi-storey buildings, insulation becomes impossible.
If there is damage to individual structural elements, then only these parts can be replaced. In this case, the area of damage should not exceed 35%. For larger problems, it is worthwhile to completely replace the rafter system.
Urgent repairs are required if there is a serious violation of the tightness of the coating: it may be necessary if part of the roof is torn off, water leaks during precipitation, peeling, rupture or swelling of the roofing material.
We provide the following warranty periods:
- soft roof: 5 years
- metal roofing: 3 years
- roll and bitumen coatings: 3 years
- polymer tiles and seam roofing: 6 years.
Any leak is a problem that requires careful and timely repair. Firstly, it is important to correctly determine the cause of the leak. Secondly, when doing self-repair, there is a risk of damaging serviceable elements located nearby. If you are not a roofing specialist, we recommend calling a specialist who will not only fix the problem, but also provide a guarantee for his services.
In order to accurately determine the cause of the appearance of water, an examination will be carried out by a specialist. You can independently determine what is causing the appearance of moisture using the following signs:
- when a leak occurs in the roof, water begins to drip in the warm season after rain, and in the cold season during sunny weather and sudden warming.
- When condensation accumulates, moisture appears constantly and is practically independent of weather conditions.
Reconstruction of the roof of apartment buildings residential complexes significantly different from similar works in a private house. Therefore, residents of high-rise buildings have to carry out a whole algorithm of actions.
To do this, applications are collected from residents and submitted to the management organization, which, as a rule, is not particularly keen to delve into the problems of the citizens under their care. As a result, the repair of the roof of such houses, taking into account the cost and scale, can drag on for several years.
But if you don't intend to wait for a long time and at the same time endure constant drips from the ceiling, you should contact our Moscow roofers. Our specialists are ready to as soon as possible arrive to inspect the roof, identify the cause of leaks and draw up a detailed list of defects.
Based of this document Estimates and technical specifications for workers are formed. Therefore, the residents are already initial stage will know the real fixed cost of roof repairs and will be able to fully assess the competence of the contractor.
It is immediately worth noting that the cost installation work when carrying out major repairs is quite high due to the need for serious investments. If partial repairs are made, costs, of course, are reduced, but no guarantees can be given that repairs will not be required again in the near future.
Typically partial roofing repair performed in the following situations:
- damage to roof elements;
- reduction in soundproofing and heat-insulating properties;
- the appearance of minor leaks;
Partial renovation improves appearance roofing, which is also of interest to many residents. In turn, major repairs of the roof are necessary in case of more serious damage and dilapidation. In this case, the specialists of the Moscow Roofers company perform a complete replacement of everything roofing pie, load-bearing structures, drainage systems, processing of the wooden frame.
In order to make a final decision on the need for a capital or partial repair roofing, it is worth getting an opinion from our competent specialist. We are ready to go to the site at a time convenient for you, draw up a detailed shift and explain all points of interest regarding repair and maintenance work on the roof of an apartment building.
Where to go and what to do if the roof of a multi-story residential building is leaking? The easiest way is not to wait for help from local officials, but rather to call our expert roofers for help!
"Moscow Roofers" objectively assess the condition of the object and make an opinion on necessary work for consideration by the customer.
By turning to Moscow specialists, you can count on a competent solution to problematic issues in a short time!
