Detailed “wet facade” technology: from preparatory work to painting the final layer of the facade. Wet facade insulation technology: we do insulation step by step using wet facade technology What is a wet facade made of?

I have already written about wet façade technology 3 times, after I experienced the work of insulating a house using the VWS (expanded polystyrene) system by one Astrakhan specialist “from a company” with a Ceresit certificate. I had to delve into it so as not to ruin the sowing season from the word “completely.” To make it easier to find information, below is a list of posts with an analysis of wet facade technology:

what kind of insulation to use for a wet facade, polystyrene foam or mineral wool, what kind of reinforcing mesh to choose, etc., you can read about all this;
what insulation thickness to choose, 50 or 100mm, read;
how to make a smooth finish on a wet facade, read;

Since there is never too much good information, and even more so for work that is sensitive to adherence to technology, which is the wet facade insulation technology. I decided that spreading good information would benefit everyone. Moreover, the author does not mind.

General appearance, wet facade using the VWS Ceresit system / (c) Ceresit

I highlighted some points to draw your attention. Critical information is highlighted in red. Yellow requires attention, blue is of general importance.

Regulations for insulation work and finishing of facades using the Ceresit system

Let us outline the main stages of work:

Installation of scaffolding.
Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers.
Hanging the facade with laces, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Installation of a temporary starting profile to begin gluing the insulation.
Installation of abutment elements on window and doorways.
Gluing the insulation with simultaneous alignment of the facade planes using Ceresit polymer cement or polyurethane adhesive.
Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam.
Sanding the insulation planes according to the 3-meter rule.
Installation of dowels.
Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue.
Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade using Ceresit polymer cement glue and facade fiberglass mesh.
Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16.
Application of Ceresit decorative plaster.
Dismantling of scaffolding.

1. Installation of scaffolding

Before starting work, it is necessary to correctly install scaffolding.

Scaffolding should be installed at a distance from outer wall, equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 45 cm.

To anchor scaffolds, it is necessary to effectively use balcony slabs and other designs that make it possible to reduce the number of fastening points passing through the thermal insulation system being installed. In areas where scaffolding must be directly attached to an external wall, the anchor anchors should be installed with a slight downward slope. This will prevent rainwater from entering the insulating layer. For ease of installation of thermal insulation systems, scaffolding should be installed around the corners of the building at a distance of at least 2 m.

2. Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers

Preparation of the construction foundation should include the following operations:

mechanical cleaning of the base from mortar residues, contaminants (dust, chalk, etc.)
mechanical removal of fungi, lichens, moss, blue-green algae, mold and subsequent treatment of affected areas antifungal agent Ceresit CT99, work must be carried out in accordance with the work schedule indicated on the Ceresit CT 99 can;

examination bearing capacity grounds;
removal of crumbling and weak areas of the base;
filling defects in the base surface more than 10 mm deep with repair plaster Ceresit CT 24, Ceresit CT 29;

treating the base with a universal primer Ceresit CT 17 (when working with cellular concrete, silicate and red bricks, multi-slot blocks, expanded clay concrete and other bases, priming should be done with a primer diluted with water in three passes 1x6, 1x4, 1x2, application should be done with a sprayer and spray gun);

mechanical application of primer using a machine:

Mechanical application of Ceresit CT 16 primer.

rust removal and treatment with anti-corrosion primer metal parts covered by a thermal insulation system;

3. Hanging the facade with strings, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Setting a temporary starting profile.

Weighting of the facade is necessary in order to determine the actual deviations of the facade plane from flatness and select the thickness of the insulation to level it.

In the four extreme corners of the façade plane, scraps of 12mm-14mm reinforcement are driven in, two on top and two on the bottom. Laces are tied to the upper fittings on the right and left at a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 5-10mm. At the same distance, the laces are tied to the lower pieces of reinforcement.

Next, the parallelism of the laces installed relative to each other is checked. They can be installed vertically, they can be installed with a deviation from the vertical in one direction or another, but always parallel to each other in order to create a plane. The laces are secured with a sliding drawstring.

A final check of the plane is carried out, an as-built diagram of the actual deviations of the original plane is made. IN different points facade, the actual distance from the laces to the insulated surface is measured using a tape measure and entered into the diagram.

This scheme is presented to the Customer.

After this, an analysis of the results is carried out; if necessary, in some places the insulation will be cut in thickness during gluing; in others, thicker insulation will be used. The thickness of the insulation in these places should be selected according to the formula:

INSULATION THICKNESS = DISTANCE BETWEEN THE LACES AND THE INSULATED PLANE – 10mm.

After hanging the facade with strings, a temporary starting profile is installed. This is a board or block with a flat top edge 40-50mm thick, so that the first row of heat-insulating boards glued to the facade rests on it. It is usually installed under the first row of “L”-shaped insulation sheets under the bottom row of windows.

A temporary starting profile is installed.

4. Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings

During insulation, the insulation should extend onto the window frame by at least 15-20 mm to prevent a cold bridge. The abutment element with the mesh is glued to the window frame on three sides, top, right and left.

5. Gluing the insulation with simultaneous alignment of the facade planes using Ceresit polymer cement or polyurethane adhesive.

The insulation is glued using cement or polyurethane foam glue or foam adhesive.

As practice shows, gluing with Ceresit CT 84 adhesive foam is faster and more convenient. Note Andrey.

Application of cement adhesive Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85

The application of cement adhesive CeresitCT 83, CeresitCT 85 on polystyrene foam is carried out as follows, applying bumps and edging around the perimeter:

After installing the heat-insulating board in the design position, the adhesive contact area must be at least 40% of the bonded surface.

STICKING ON SINGLE BUGS WITHOUT EDGING IS NOT ALLOWED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.

See below for why you can’t glue foam plastic to bloopers.

Applying Ceresit CT 83 glue with a 10-12 mm comb:

Application of adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84

Application of polyurethane foam adhesive, adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84 is carried out as follows, also with the formation CLOSED LOOP:

Video of gluing insulation onto Ceresit Ct 84 foam

Applying cement adhesive to a mineral wool board

The surface of the mineral wool board is first primed with Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190 glue, the glue is pressed forcefully into the surface of the mineral wool board:

or using the edging method with Easter cakes (lyapukhi), NOTE as a note after the photos.

Applying glue only with lyapukhi (Easter cakes) is a gross violation of technology. This is how a ventilated façade is made from insulation. IN in this case, air, does not play the role of insulation. Mentioned this You can also watch the video right here:

If they blame you for bullshit and tell you “everything will be fine”, kick them in the face specialists, or better discuss this in advance.

Strive to ensure that the gluing is on the comb, i.e. care should be taken to ensure that the façade is evenly plastered before work on façade insulation begins.

During gluing, the insulation boards are trimmed on the side adjacent to the facade on which the glue will be applied. Trimming polystyrene foam is done using bow saw- People call this instrument “Goat”. Cutting edge made of nichrome thread 0.7-1.2 mm, transformer 220/24 Volt, power 250-400 Watt.

Video of cutting a sheet of expanded polystyrene by thickness, filmed during training of the customer’s team of workers:

Video of cutting a foam sheet to thickness using a “goat”.

You can also trim the insulation with specialized knives, bread knives with teeth, a hacksaw with small tooth, sand with an emery float.

Gluing polystyrene foam with Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 glue

Entire sheets of insulation are installed at the corners of window and door openings, since they are stress concentrators, which helps to avoid the appearance of cracks on the facade in the future.

Gluing usually starts from the bottom “G” section.

The minimum step for the G-shki is 200mm.

When gluing, vertical and sliding laces are used, the three-meter rule.

Gluing expanded polystyrene onto CeresitCT 84 foam

Gluing to CeresitCT 84 adhesive foam is done using the rule. At the initial moment, Ceresit CT 84 glue has zero adhesion; in fact, gluing occurs in 7-12 minutes, depending on temperature, humidity and pressure. Two hours after gluing, you can begin installing the base reinforcing layer.

6. Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam

After gluing is completed, after 72 hours using cement-containing adhesives Ceresit CT 83, Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, you can begin caulking the gaps between the sheets. To do this, you can use wedge strips cut from insulation. It is better to foam the gaps between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality mounting homogeneous foam such as Ceresit TS 52, Ceresit TS 62, Ceresit TS 65, Ceresit TS 66. To do this, the seam is pierced mounting gun the trigger is pulled all the way to the base, to the wall, and at the same time the pistol is pulled out. Punctures of seams and joints between sheets of expanded polystyrene are made in increments of approximately 50mm.

The permissible slot width is up to 12mm (The figure is not exact, subject to verification, if anyone knows, write in the comments!)

Foaming seams and joints between sheets on a construction site

As a result, all seams are thoroughly foamed, Ceresit foam reliably glues the sheets of expanded polystyrene together, creating a monolithic structure.

7. Sanding the insulation planes according to the three-meter rule

Sanding is done using a plywood grater measuring 400 x 600 mm, 500 x 700 mm with sandpaper glued to it with a coarse grain of 100 microns (1 mm). This sanding allows you to smooth out small irregularities that occurred when gluing the insulation due to initial deviations in the geometry of the glued sheets and due to errors during gluing. Graters small size It is strictly forbidden to use it on large surfaces, since small graters create unevenness and depressions when sanding.

Video of sanding planes under the three-meter rule.

Video of the final alignment of the facade.

8. Installation of dowels

Dowels additionally secure the insulation sheets to the facade; they are installed either in accordance with the official recommendations of the system holders, two in the middle of the slab and the rest at the joints of the slab with neighboring slabs.

Or one “star” in the middle and four dowels in the body of the insulation closer to the edges:

Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 6.
Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 7.

If the insulated wall is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick, expanded clay concrete, then the expansion zone of the dowel should be 50 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation + 50 mm.

If the insulated wall is made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, slotted brick, multi-slotted blocks, warm ceramics, then the spacer zone is 100 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation +100 mm.

The top of the dowel must be carefully coated with CeresitST 85 or ST 190 glue; the coating is done after the final sanding of the surfaces to the three-meter rule.

Video installation of dowels.

9. Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue

The construction of the base reinforcing layer begins with the installation of diagonal and internal gussets at the corners of window and door openings. We must not forget that before installing the base reinforcing layer, the surface of the mineral wool board must be primed with CeresitCT 190 glue, and forcefully press the glue into the surface of the mineral wool.

Then the base reinforcing layer is made on the decorative elements of the facade, made of polystyrene foam

10. Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade.

The base reinforcing layer is made using polymer cement adhesive Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 190 and facade fiberglass mesh 165 g/m2, cell size 5 x 5 mm.

After installing the gussets, a base reinforcing layer is installed on the main planes. CeresitCT 85 glue is applied to the surface of expanded polystyrene with a metal float, a facade fiberglass mesh is applied, then it is embedded in the glue, the excess is removed into a bucket. Minimum overlap roll per roll is 100 mm, rolls are installed vertically.

After drying, re-stretching and puttying is done, this is done in order to level out the unevenness and hide the mesh in a layer of Ceresit ST 85 glue.

The installation of a base reinforcing layer with a mineral wool slab is carried out similarly.

Before work, we re-inspect the mineral wool surface for the presence of “corks” - inclusions of pieces of metal and droplets of binder. All “kings” must be removed. If there are large beads, sections of the mineral wool slab are cut out and replaced with new ones.

After this, we proceed to priming the mineral wool slab. cement glue Ceresit CT 190. The surface of the mineral wool board is primed with Ceresit CT 190 glue, apply the glue with a metal float, press it into the structure of the mineral wool, remove the excess by scraping off. Afterwards, we wait for the glue to dry completely and inspect the surface. In some places where the mineral wool slab turned out to be inhomogeneous, we will see the primer layer blistering; it moves away from the base, clinging to inhomogeneous mineral wool fibers. In these areas, we remove the heterogeneity and repeat the operation - again let the primer layer dry completely, and if necessary, repeat again.

WE MUST OBTAIN A HOMOGENEOUS MINERAL WOOL SURFACE COATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF GLUE WITHOUT BUBBLES AND LAMPS WITH DEVIATIONS OF 4-6 MM FOR A RULE OF THREE METERS

Next, a base reinforcing layer is made. CeresitCT 190 glue is applied to the glue-primed surface and a façade fiberglass mesh is embedded into it. The overlap of roll on roll is at least 100 mm. There are corresponding marks on the rolls of Facade fiberglass mesh that make it easy to track this.

The overlap of the fiberglass mesh can be more than 100 mm, but cannot be less!

After drying, the base is re-upholstered with liquid glue to remove minor irregularities and completely hide the texture of the fiberglass mesh.

Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16

When the base reinforcing layer has completely dried, at least 72 hours after the last re-upholstery, you can begin applying the Ceresit ST 16 quartz primer. The Ceresit ST 16 primer is applied with a paint brush, a wide brush, or a flute. The primer can be white, not a tinted base, or it can be painted to match the color of the future Ceresit decorative plaster.

Application of decorative plaster Ceresit

Ceresit decorative plaster is applied with a metal plaster and rubbed with a plastic float. This applies to decorative plasters with bark beetle textures CeresitCT 64, CeresitCT 63, CeresitCT 175, Ceresit CT 35 and pebble textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137.

Stone decorative plaster of the textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137 can be applied to decorative elements by spraying using a spray gun, or manually.

The final appearance of houses insulated using VWS/WM technology (wet facade) Ceresit

As a result, we get beautiful, reliable Ceresit facades that are warm, economical and comfortable to live in at home.

Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 1.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 2.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 3.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 4.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 5.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 6.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 7.

The article is based on materials from ForumHouse user with the nickname Reliable. Perhaps someone will say that he lobbies the interests of Ceresit and sells their goods. Firstly, following technology and selling quality goods is not a sin; secondly, the technology will be almost 1-in-1 for any wet facade system, be it Kraisel or something else.

Some people are confused by the name “wet facade”. In fact, this is a generalized name for all methods in which to attach insulation, reinforcing mesh or facing material semi-liquid or liquid adhesive solutions are used.

This technology was first used in Germany in the 60s and 70s of the last century, when the question of increasing . I must say what exactly external insulation walls is the most correct, as it allows you to move the “dew point” beyond interior spaces, shifting it outward.

Therefore, even with a large difference in internal and external temperatures, condensation does not form on the internal surfaces of the walls.

What is a wet façade?

A wet facade is a whole system consisting of several layers of specially selected materials. Moreover, they are selected so that their main physical characteristics are similar - water absorption, thermal expansion, vapor permeability, frost resistance.

the thermal circuit must be continuous, that is, without gaps, gaps or breaks;

the entire “layer cake” of the facade must be vapor-permeable (therefore, materials are selected so that each subsequent layer in the direction from the inside to the outside has a greater vapor permeability than the previous one), then the house will “breathe”

The adhesive layer is the first layer consisting of an adhesive mixture. It is very important, since the tightness of the insulation to the wall depends on its quality.
Thermal insulation layer - with a low thermal conductivity (expanded polystyrene and mineral wool are most often used). The thickness of this layer is determined thermotechnical calculation, based on the properties of the material and operating conditions. It is very important that the material is fireproof.
Reinforced layer consisting of mineral adhesive and alkali-resistant reinforcing mesh. Serves for better adhesion of the surface of the insulation and the plaster layer.
Protective layer (decorative) - a primer and a layer that protects the insulation from external influences, and also serves as a finishing layer.

All materials used for a wet facade must have a certificate of conformity from an accredited center, and the insulation system as a whole must have a state-issued technical certificate.

Preparation for installation of the wet façade system

For work, it is best to choose a period when the temperature does not exceed +10 - 200C, the weather is dry. Scaffolding with a protective mesh is placed around the building, which protects it from moisture and sun rays.

If it is necessary to carry out work in the cold season, then a thermal zone is created around the building, providing a temperature of +5 - 100.

the walls are cleaned of old peeling plaster, paint and any contaminants (dirt, soot, dust, rust);
the surface is primed, surface defects are leveled cement mixture. If the surface is porous, then the primer is applied in 2 - 3 layers.

Before starting work, it is necessary to install a base profile, the task of which is to level the facade horizontally and protect the insulation from external influences. The profile is installed at a height of about 0.4 m from the ground level, attached to the wall with dowels and screws in increments of 10 - 20 cm.

A gap of approximately 3 mm is left between the profile strips, which is necessary for their thermal expansion.

following conditions

installation of the roof of the building has been completed;
mounted;
ventilation systems have been installed;

windows installed;
all concrete work, pouring and screeding of floors have been completed;
the primary finishing of the walls inside the building has been completed;
the building was well dried and completely shrinked.

Sequence and installation technology

The insulation boards are fastened using glue.

the glue is applied in a wide strip along the perimeter of the slab, departing from the edge by about 3 cm;
glue is applied pointwise to the middle of the slab in such an amount that it ends up covering at least 40% of the slab area;
The insulation is fastened in rows, from bottom to top, starting from the base profile. The slabs are glued at intervals, pressing them firmly to the wall and to each other. Excess glue must be removed immediately.
when it dries completely (and this will happen in about 3 days), the insulation is additionally secured with spacer dowels at the rate of 6 -14 dowels per square meter of wall. The amount depends on the mass and thickness of the insulation. If wall material if it is solid, then it is enough to deepen the dowel into the wall by 5 cm, but if it is porous, then by 9 cm;
Before installing the dowel, you need to prepare a nest for it. The clamping bushings must be flush to the surface of the insulation boards.

Work on installing the reinforcing layer begins 2–3 days after installing the thermal insulation. First, the window and door corner bevels, the outer corners of the building, and lastly the remaining planes of the walls are reinforced.

A special adhesive composition is applied directly to the surface of the insulation and then a fiberglass mesh is embedded in it. The overlap of the mesh panels should be 50 - 100 mm, otherwise cracks may appear at their joints;
apply a second layer of the same on top adhesive composition, covering the mesh. As a result, the total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be no more than 6 mm, with the mesh located 1 - 2 mm from the surface.

The wall surface is finished 4 to 7 days after the reinforcing layer has dried. The plaster must have high moisture resistance, vapor permeability, resistance to climatic influences and mechanical loads.

It is advisable to carry out work at temperatures from +5 to +300C in the absence of wind and precipitation in conditions of natural or artificially created shade.

Materials for wet facade

Particular attention must be paid to the selection of insulation.
If expanded polystyrene is chosen, then it must be a facade material with a density of 15 - 18 kg/m3. Considering that these slabs are flammable, they must be treated with fire retardants.

The fire hazard of the entire structure can be reduced by placing fireproof inserts between the polystyrene plates. mineral wool slabs(they are made at the junctions of floors, at window and door openings).

Mineral wool insulation has excellent insulation properties and does not burn. The density of the insulation must be no less than 135 kg/m3. Using insulation that is too soft can lead to delamination of the finishing layers. The best in terms of quality is basalt insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of the “wet facade” technology

The thermal insulation properties of the building increase up to 30%.
saves space inside the building.
The price of these systems is relatively low.
Using this method increases.
The low weight of the insulation does not require reinforcement load-bearing structures buildings and foundations.

The service life of a wet façade is 25 – 30 years.
This method can significantly improve the appearance of any building, regardless of its age. Renewal and repair of the facade during operation are carried out at the level of the finishing layer.

It is prohibited to finish the building during rainfall and high humidity, as this leads to uneven drying of the solution.
At temperatures below +50 it is necessary to use scaffolding covered with film and heat guns.
During work, in order to avoid dirt and dust getting on the façade, the surfaces must be protected from the wind.

It is necessary to protect the walls from sunlight, as they can lead to drying out of the solution and a decrease in its quality.

During the installation of a wet facade, it is necessary to strictly follow the work methods recommended by the manufacturer of the purchased system. This guarantees the quality of insulation and the preservation of attractive appearance of the building throughout the life of the façade.

It is known that if the rooms are cold, living in such a house is very uncomfortable, and sometimes impossible. Insulation is one of the tasks facing owners of residential buildings. Buildings without an insulating layer of external surfaces lose internal heat in winter, which leads to additional heating costs.

To avoid the problem, finish external walls insulation, for this it is necessary to select and apply an insulation method. In this article we will talk about existing technologies thermal insulation, we will find out what a wet facade is, we will show the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

How to keep warm

Without thermal insulation, both apartment and private houses lose up to 40 percent of heat per day. winter period. Correctly resolve the issue of protection load-bearing walls– this means saving on electricity and heating bills.

Ways to solve the problem:

Well masonry is a wall built using a special method: the inner and outer rows are built of brick, and the space between them is filled with insulation.
Ventilated facades are a structure of several layers: a heat insulator, a membrane (moisture-proof), an air gap and a decorative (finish) coating. With this method there is no need to level curved surfaces.
Sandwich panels are a structure of three layers: two are made of steel, and insulation is laid between them.
Translucent heat preservation technology - a system of several layers of glass, between which there is air. Most often used for administrative buildings.
“Wet facades” - consist of a heat-insulating layer, reinforcing mesh, adhesive and primer layers under decorative finishing plaster.

Today we will discuss in detail the wet plaster facade, what it consists of, and installation technology.

What is a wet (plaster) facade, its features

The facade is the first thing that guests and random passers-by see, and it is based on it that an opinion is formed about the owner of the house. There are many options for material and finishing installation methods. Very often, and rightly so, the choice is influenced by the ability to combine decorative function with solving the problem of building insulation.

The wet façade system received its name due to the fact that the compositions and solutions used in its creation are prepared using water. This design is designed to provide not only a presentable appearance of the building, but also to preserve thermal energy indoors.

There are several main types of thermal insulation materials:

Mineral - mineral wool in the form of a slab, which has excellent thermal insulation characteristics. And mineral mass is used as a reinforcing layer. It is not recommended to use glass wool due to the fact that they are not as durable.
Organic – Ceresit façade insulation systems (EIFS) use polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam with a density of up to 80 kg per cubic meter as protection. meter or foam. They are light in weight and thin in thickness, which makes the tiled walls more attractive. Ceresite has thermal insulation characteristics. The reinforcing coating is a mass of organic matter. For finishing, similar or silicone plasters are used.
Combined - in this case, the insulation is polystyrene foam, and mineral materials are used for subsequent work.

Market building materials offers a huge range of thermal insulation products, both Russian and foreign. The domestic leader in the production of insulation is the TechnoNIKOL company, the foreign leader is Rockwool, Caparol.

Advantages and disadvantages

Wet plaster facade has its own characteristics and advantages:

Attractive prices - the materials required to construct such a system are low in cost.
Additional soundproofing function.
Saving interior space - all work to create an energy-saving coating is carried out on external surfaces.
Possibility of restoration and repair work.

The wet plaster facade technology has the following advantages:

The weight of solutions, insulation, etc. - they do not overload the walls. This technology can be used for light (SIP panels, OSB boards) and for walls that have served for a long time. Moreover, it is not required additional work to strengthen the foundation.
The construction of a house facade does not require special space; it can be mounted on any type of wall.
This heat-insulating method is the most effective with low material costs: the building is warm in winter and cool in hot weather.
Excellent sound insulation properties.
Durability - this design will last 30 years without requiring repairs. You can change the color of the decorative coating from time to time if you wish.
With such insulating finishing, the service life of the building increases.
When installing wet facades, you do not need to hire a team of specialists - all the work can be done with your own hands.
Increasing energy efficiency results in money savings.

But, like any other cladding method, wet plaster of the facade has disadvantages. The most important disadvantage is the limitations in carrying out work on applying the finishing layer:

You cannot install the cladding in frosty weather. The permissible temperature is no more than minus 5 degrees Celsius. If necessary, use additional funds. To do this, cover the working area with a special film and heat it with a heat gun, maintaining the desired mode inside the film until the applied solution dries completely.

This method of insulation does not tolerate high humidity and prolonged precipitation. It is better to carry out installation in dry weather.
It is necessary to provide protection from the wind - the appearance of dirt or dust will worsen the general form building.
It is not recommended to carry out installation in direct sunlight - the applied material may dry out. Favorable times for work are morning and evening, when the sun is not so intense.

Stages of thermal insulation work

As mentioned above, cladding technology involves several layers:

Adhesive composition.
Primer solution.
Insulation.
Strengthening (reinforcing) layer.
Final (decorative) – plastering or other type of cladding.

The technological process of creating a facade is divided into stages: preparatory, constructive (installation) and decorative (finishing).

Preparatory stage

First of all, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the building on which the wet plaster facade will be mounted. To do this, the following actions are carried out:

Remove old façade covering from walls, windows and door slopes– You can use a shot blasting tool. If the thickness is impressive, use drilling machines or electric hammers. In small areas, use hand brushes (metal) or a chisel.
If you need to delete old paint, this can be done by thermal firing or using a shot blasting tool.
Next, using compressed air, you need to clean the cracks and potholes from flaking particles. Then fill small cracks with putty, for example Terraco, and large cracks with cement mortar. If necessary, level the wall.
After drying, remove excess mortar and sand.
Apply primer to sanded walls.

In preparation wooden walls treatment with antiseptic agents is required to repel bark beetles and to avoid the appearance of mold and fungi.

Installation stage

These works do not require special knowledge; just follow the step-by-step instructions.

Step 1. First, install the base profiles.

This is necessary in order to distribute the load of the insulating boards, and it will also help protect these boards from moisture. The base profile is installed at a height of 40 centimeters from the ground. Dowels and self-tapping screws are used for fastening; the heavier the insulation, the large quantity fasteners will be required. The average step is from 10 to 15 cm. Special corner profiles are used to install the corner.

Step 2. Installing a heat insulator.

The heat insulation boards are attached to the adhesive mixture; for this you should not apply it to the entire surface. It is enough to distribute the composition along the perimeter of the slabs with an indentation of 3 centimeters from the edge and apply it pointwise in the middle. At least 40 percent of the total insulation area is covered with glue.

The insulator must be pressed tightly to the surface and to each other, the protruding glue is removed. After 3-4 days, the dried coating is additionally secured with dowels.

Do not leave polystyrene foam unprotected for a long time; try to complete the work in the shortest possible time.

Step 3. Installation of a strengthening (reinforcing) layer.

On top insulation material Apply an adhesive composition and a reinforcing mesh on it. This must be done so that it is completely buried in the applied mixture. Then you need to apply another layer of glue - leveling and leave the structure until completely dry: from 3 to 7 days.

Decorative stage

This includes applying finishing plaster or another facing coating of your choice to the prepared wall of the house.

Choose finishing coat it is necessary taking into account the type of surface. Information can be found on the packaging or consult with specialists.

Types of decorative plaster:

Acrylic – excellent adhesion to mineral coatings, resistant to deformation, elastic, with low moisture absorption. The disadvantage is that it is an indicator of vapor permeability; it cannot be used for finishing a heat insulator made of mineral wool.
Mineral – durable, does not wear out, protects from moisture. Good vapor permeability. Used for polystyrene foam insulation.
Silicate – high vapor permeability, do not attract dust, can be washed. Plastic, this property protects finishing layer from cracking. Used to cover thermal insulation made of mineral wool. The disadvantage is that this type of plaster is applied quickly, and this is possible with experience.
Silicone – waterproof, elastic, with a long service life. High adhesion and vapor permeability make it universal: used for any heat insulator. There is a condition - only silicone primers must be used.

Do not interrupt the application of the decorating solution, otherwise the joints will be visible.

Watching the video means getting small master Class.

Wet insulation of facades (sometimes called “wet facade” insulation) is one of the most popular insulation methods in construction - it is used both in private and high-rise construction (of any number of floors), in the construction of new and reconstruction of old buildings.

In the article we will list the main stages of installation

A little about the history: wet insulation systems for facades were invented in Germany in the 50s of the last century. Its German name is the WDVS system, or also “light wet method”. It began to be widely used in the 70s of the twentieth century. During this period, architects were tasked with solving issues of energy saving in buildings. Every year such requirements are increasing, and if 30 years ago insulation was rare, now it is a necessity.

Features of façade arrangement

Please note that any external wall insulation is correct. Internal insulation used in cases where external for some reason is impossible to implement. More information about this will be written in the article “Options for installing a façade in a private house.”

the design of your house requires finishing the facade with plaster;
The walls of your home require additional insulation.

So, let's look at what a wet facade insulation system is.

The wet facade insulation system consists of the following layers

Thermal insulation layer- consists of insulation ( basalt wool or polystyrene foam) (2), an adhesive mixture (3) and dowels (4), with which the insulation is attached to the base. This layer will perform its heat-insulating function only if it is protected from atmospheric influences. The insulation is not structural material, that is, it does not have sufficient load-bearing capacity to attach a decorative and finishing layer to it.

Adhesive reinforcement layer- consists of an adhesive solution (5) and a reinforcing facade fiberglass mesh (6) and a primer (7). The main functions of this layer are to protect thermal insulation from atmospheric phenomena, strengthen mechanical strength thermal insulation, imparting load-bearing capacity to thermal insulation.

Decorative finishing layer- this is decorative plaster, of various textures, painted in different colors.

1 - base; 2 - thermal insulation; 3 - glue; 4 - plastic dowels; 5 - fiberglass mesh; 6 - adhesive solution; 7 - primer; 8 - finishing layer

Materials required for installing a façade insulation system

An important point to consider when purchasing materials is that all materials must be components of one system. And only a specialist can select materials for one system. Therefore, as a rule, materials for facades are sold as a “system” - this is a complex of materials with similar physical characteristics (thermal expansion, water absorption, frost resistance, vapor permeability) and taking into account the chemical processes that occur in the system.

Based project documentation, developed by the designer, the supplier company finalizes the components and assembles materials for the facade, taking into account technical, climatic, architectural conditions operation of buildings.

When designing and installing the facade, and supplying materials, two points must be observed:

Continuity of the thermal circuit (that is, there should be no gaps, breaks, or cracks);

Preserving the vapor permeability of the system cake (a correctly selected system is a system in which each subsequent layer of materials from the inside to the outside has a higher vapor permeability rate, in other words, your house “breathes”).

Choosing insulation for facade finishing

Since insulation has the greatest impact on the cost of 1 m2 of facade, let’s consider the main issues that arise when choosing it.

Important! The thickness of the insulation is calculated by the designer; it depends on the climate zone and the base (what material the wall is made of).

The beginning of façade insulation

At what stage of construction is facade work carried out?

When the roof installation is completed;
External waterproofing of the foundation has been completed;
Shrinkage of the house has already occurred;
Windows, ventilation, air conditioning and other systems have been installed;
The building has been dried out;
Weather with a stable above-zero temperature is expected for 2-3 weeks (beginning of autumn or end of spring, facade work “does not like” heat or frost).

Preferred, but not required:

We completed the initial finishing of the interior walls, concrete work, pouring and screeding of floors;
Installed electrical wiring, alarm, etc.;
The building is heated (for the cold season).

The main steps will be listed below in order to understand how to insulate a wet facade. Each “system” seller provides installation instructions, taking into account the installation features of this particular system. Don't forget this.

How to insulate a wet facade (facade with cotton wool)

Installation is carried out at a temperature not lower than +5 0 C and not higher than +30 0 C, installation is possible at more low temperatures, subject to the installation of a thermal circuit.

Thermal circuit is when in the area where façade work is being carried out, a temperature is created that is not lower than +5 0 C, optimally +10 0 C, +15 0 C. It happens like this: the scaffolding is covered with a special reinforced facade film and with the help of heat guns (heaters) continuously served warm air into the space between the film and the facade.

During installation, all layers must be protected from precipitation.

Preparatory stage

To carry out the work, it is necessary to install scaffolding with protective film or a mesh (they will protect the facade from the sun and precipitation and prevent pollution of the yard).

The walls must be cleaned of any dirt, old coatings, efflorescence, and fungi.

Assess the surface on which the insulation will be mounted. It should be smooth. Unevenness must be leveled with plaster mortar. Permissible wall differences are ± 1 cm per 1 m of length.

Crumbling surfaces are treated with a fixing primer.

Installation of the base profile

Its functions are a leveling element (horizontal alignment of the facade) and protection of the lower part of the insulation slab from external influences.

Applying adhesive composition to thermal insulation boards

Gluing

Produced in the direction from bottom to top, the first row of insulation boards rests on the base profile.

The slabs are installed with a “banding”; outwardly it looks like brickwork.

This is how insulation is installed in the area of window and door openings:

Fastening the insulating board with dowels

The glue must dry (see installation instructions for time), after which the slabs are secured with dowels. Dowels are selected depending on the base on which installation is carried out.

After that, connections to the door and window openings, reinforcement of external corners and reinforcement of the tops of opening corners.

Construction of the reinforcing layer

Produced one day after reinforcement of corners,

First, create a base plaster layer, 3-4 mm thick.

into which the reinforcing mesh is embedded

After this, a leveling layer is applied

Plaster

An example of calculating the cost of a structure with mineral wool:

This system is based on Ukrainian-made materials.

The price does not include, but you will need: base, corner profile, junction profile, base dowel. Their cost is included in the cost of 1 m2 of facade (see below).

How to insulate a wet facade (facade with foam plastic and EPS)

The sequence of work is similar, but of course there are many nuances associated with installation.

The main thing you need to understand is that these are different systems, with different characteristics, and you need to follow the recommendations of the suppliers of these systems and not replace them with “random” materials. For example, adhesive mixtures For cotton wool and polystyrene foam they use different ones.

Cost of construction with foam plastic

Cost of 1 m2 of facade with work and materials.

Price square meter- the figure is approximate, it depends on:

Facade installation conditions;

What materials are used (imported or domestically produced).

The estimated cost of insulating a plaster facade, taking into account materials and work, ranges from 40-55 $/m2 (mineral wool), 33-40 $/m2 (foam plastic).

In addition, we draw your attention to the fact that there are a number of additional works, the cost of which is not included in this figure (installation of a heating circuit, cleaning the area) and they will also require additional costs.

You can estimate your costs for insulation only on the basis of a preliminary calculation of the cost of installation and the system, which will be provided to you by the company performing the work.

Choose only “systems” with a name on the market, the quality of which is documented;
Trust the work only to specialists. Correcting errors is much more expensive, it is better to pay professionals.

Important! Specialists must have a number of completed projects and certificates from system suppliers.

How to check the quality of work performed

Of course, it’s not your task to continuously monitor workers, but it’s still worth taking a closer look at such moments and making sure that:

Conducted preliminary preparation grounds;
The adhesive composition is applied to the insulation correctly, according to the instructions;
The insulation is glued evenly;
The insulation boards are tightly joined to each other;
The dowels do not protrude above the insulation;
The reinforcing mesh is not laid on the insulation, but is recessed into the base plaster layer;
“Breathing” plaster is used; after application it does not crumble;
The facade is protected from moisture from the window sills and roof;
The façade is smooth and does not bulge;
There are no vertical, “spider-web” cracks on the façade, or diagonal cracks in the corners of door and window openings.

According to European standards, the service life of such an insulation system is 25 years.

Repaint it or change the texture of the plaster (re-plaster) if necessary, possibly earlier.

Insulation of premises using the “wet facade” method is widely popular in the construction of private and multi-storey buildings. The prevalence of the method is due to significant advantages compared with alternative ways finishing. The “wet façade” system minimizes the number of cold bridges and prevents the appearance of condensation on interior walls Houses.

Features of the “wet facade” finishing

“Wet” technology for facade insulation involves the use of aqueous solutions of plaster, paints and primers. A multi-layer reinforced cake is created on the surface of the wall. For comparison, when installing a “dry facade”, waterless fastening methods are used: clapboard upholstery, panels with frame fastening and siding.

The system of insulating houses and buildings using the wet method appeared in the 50s of the twentieth century in Germany and became widespread in the 70s.

This technique involves applying a primer base, glue, thermal insulation and other materials in a certain sequence. As a result, a unified system is formed, characterized by a number of undeniable advantages:

Provides attractiveness and decorativeness to the facade. There are no salt stains on the external walls.
The light weight of the structure does not require a powerful foundation.
External thermal insulation allows you to retain and effectively accumulate heat in the room, blocking “cold bridges”.
On inner surface no condensation forms on the walls. The “dew point” is carried into the insulation material, and then evaporates through the outer “breathing” layer of plaster.
The “wet” type facade gives the walls sound and vibration insulation.
The structure of the house is reliably protected from moisture. This eliminates corrosion of frame reinforcement and freezing in microcracks in concrete.
“Wet” technologies are cheaper to implement.

The disadvantages of such systems include the need to comply with special conditions during installation:

installation of a “wet” facade occurs at a temperature of at least +5 C°;
installation work is not carried out in rainy and humid weather;
exposure to direct sunlight will cause the solution to dry out - this will negatively affect the quality of insulation.

Installation of a wet facade

The wet facade is easy to manufacture. The simple design is based on the simultaneous use of mechanical and adhesive fasteners.

Wet facade: installation technology

The façade “pie” includes the following layers:

Base.

Thermal insulation. The insulation is attached to the wall using glue - usually a polymer-cement composition with high adhesion to the insulation and the load-bearing surface. Foam plastic or mineral wool slabs are used as thermal insulation material.
The reinforcing mesh strengthens the structure. Without metal mesh no one plaster mortar or other adhesive composition will not stick to the basalt slab or foam. A reinforcing mesh 1 meter wide is suitable for the job - this is quite enough to create a solid plaster coating.
Layers of glue for reinforcing mesh and insulation.
The mechanical fastening of the insulation is an “umbrella” (the plastic dowel is equipped with a wide cap). Five dowels are installed per insulation board.
Decorative coating. For finishing wet facades it is used textured plaster, which has significant advantages: ease of application, light weight and affordability.

A house insulated with a “wet facade” system: video

Selection of materials for arranging a wet façade system

Materials for wet facades are sold as a “system”. Essentially, this is a complex of materials with similar physical characteristics: water absorption, vapor permeability, thermal expansion and frost resistance.

Comparative characteristics of the properties of foam plastic and mineral wool

The composition of the glue is selected in accordance with the insulation used. For example, bitumen-based adhesive is used when installing polystyrene boards

When to install a “wet facade”

The arrangement of the “wet” facade is carried out after the following construction work has been completed:

roof installation;
external waterproofing of the foundation is completely completed;
shrinkage of the building occurred;
ventilation and air conditioning systems have been installed, windows and other systems have been installed;
the building has been dried out.

Facade work is best done in late spring - early autumn. Before starting installation, you need to look at the weather forecast - there should be no rain for the next two to three weeks and subzero temperature

Methods for installing insulation

There are three technologies for arranging the fixation of thermal insulation material:

Rigid fastening - the insulation is fixed with dowels. With this method, the thickness of the plaster layers does not exceed 8 mm.
Fastening the insulation to movable hinges. Plaster mixture moves freely along the walls, compensating for shrinkage. The thickness of the applied layers is about 30 mm.
Thermal insulation is fixed with glue and dowels. In this case, disc-shaped dowels with large caps are used.

Installation of a wet facade: installation technology

Preparatory activities

Before you start facade work You need to prepare some materials and components:

Insulation - polystyrene foam or mineral fiber boards. For 1 sq.m. you need to take 1.05 sq.m. insulation (gap for trimming in corners). The thickness of the thermal insulation material depends on the climatic zone of residence.
Fiberglass mesh with a density of 140-160 g/cub.m.
Umbrella dowels at the rate of 5-8 pieces per 1 sq.m.
Corner and base profile. Corner elements protect the wall from crumbling under mechanical stress. The plinth elements are mounted horizontally at the bottom of the façade and form the basis for the installation of the first row of slabs. The plinth profile protects thermal insulation material from mechanical damage and acts as a low tide.
Primer for treating the base of the wall.
Adhesive for fixing insulation and reinforcing mesh. The amount of adhesive depends on the texture of the wall.
Plaster for finishing. Material consumption is calculated based on the area of the surface to be coated. It is necessary to provide a reserve of 10% for window/door openings.

Preparatory activities:

Thoroughly clean the wall surface from the remains of old coating and dirt.
If necessary, level the wall, remove damage, and repair cracks.
Clear from old plaster door/window slopes.
Prime the walls to increase adhesion.

Installation of the base profile

A mandatory operation is the installation of a support bar. The lower edge of the entire wet façade system rests on a U-shaped profile - the “support base”. Work on insulation with a wet facade begins with marking/fastening the basement profile around the perimeter of the building.

The profile is mounted as follows:

the mounting height of the plinth is 40 cm from ground level;
there should be a gap of about 30 mm between the horizontal slats - this distance is necessary for thermal expansion;
the profile is fixed with self-tapping screws and dowels, the fastening step is 10-20 cm;
The corners of the building must be finished with a special corner profile.

Fastening thermal insulation boards

Wet facade foam or mineral wool glued to the prepared surface of the outer wall of the house. The glue is applied in a wide strip around the perimeter of the insulating board. This method reduces glue consumption and ensures sufficient fastening strength.

There is an unspoken rule: the glue must cover at least 40% of the insulation area

High-quality installation of thermal insulation is ensured by following a number of rules:

Continuous vertical seams between several rows are not allowed - the seams of slabs in adjacent rows must overlap;
When gluing, the back side of the slab is pressed against the base of the wall, and the end of the insulation is pressed against the adjacent slab; seams between thermal insulation boards should be minimal;
Any glue protruding between the seams must be removed immediately.

After drying (about 3 days), the thermal insulation layer must be further strengthened with dowels. The fasteners go 5-9 cm deep into the wall, depending on the porosity of the insulation.

Sequence of fastening dowels:

Mark the panel and drill holes to the required depth.
Make sockets for the dowels and install the disc parts flush.
Carefully hammer in the plastic nails.

Installation of the reinforcing layer

The installation of the reinforcing layer begins 3 days after attaching the insulation. The first step is to install reinforcing mesh on the slopes of doors/windows, vertical joints of slopes and lintels, as well as the outer corners of the building. The smooth surface of the walls is processed last.

The procedure for installing the reinforcing layer:

Apply glue to the insulation.
Apply a fiberglass mesh.
Reapply a layer of glue - it should cover the structure completely.

Important! The total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be no more than 6 mm. The distance between the outer surface and the fiberglass layer is up to 1-2 mm

Finishing of the facade

The final phase of arranging a wet facade is plastering the walls. This work can be started no earlier than 3-7 days after installation reinforced mesh. Finishing the façade must be vapor-permeable and moisture-resistant. External plaster must withstand temperature fluctuations and not deform under mechanical loads.

The plaster can be applied at a temperature of 5-30 C°, required condition- lack of wind. When working in sunny and hot weather, the layer of finishing plaster must be periodically moistened with water.

Plastering a wet facade: photo

Installation of a “wet facade” in the basement

When installing a wet facade on a plinth, there are some features:

before installing the wet façade system, care must be taken to waterproof the blind area and plinth;
as a heat insulator it is better to use a material with minimal moisture absorption;
slag, dolomite, lime and basalt wool are not used to insulate the basement;
heat-insulating boards are strengthened with dowels at a distance of 30 cm from the ground level;
the reinforcing mesh is laid in two layers;
Ceramic and facade slabs are suitable for cladding;
Plastering the plinth can be done with mosaic plaster.

Ceresite wet facade: installation technology