Scandinavian houses. Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian projects. Selecting and laying the foundation

One of the features is the same climate as our regions. Finnish projects are perfectly adapted to realities middle zone Russia.
IN Scandinavian countries, which includes Finland, have long loved comfort and know how to save money. Therefore, the layouts of these houses are thought out to the very last detail. Usage internal space absolutely rational - you need to throw out corridors and unused nooks and crannies.
You will not find unnecessary elements here. The appearance is strict and balanced - no turrets, frills or decorations.
Very often, Finns include a sauna in their projects. This is what they have national peculiarity. If you don’t need a sauna in your house, let us know and we’ll remove it.

Projects of Finnish one-story houses

Usually, Finnish houses for the most part they are one-story. Wise Finns reason like this - why does a family of 4-5 people need four or five rooms, of which, for example, three are on the second floor? The children will grow up and whether they will live with their parents is a big question. But time goes by, we are getting older and it will be more and more difficult to climb up. And what kind of family is this, where each member hid in an individual room, and even on a different floor? That is why, although the bulk of Finnish projects are one-story, they still allow all family members to enjoy comfort and unite with each other.

Finnish timber house projects

The main feature of Finnish timber house projects is their high environmental friendliness and safety, which will have a beneficial effect on the well-being and mood of the people living in it. It is believed that the material in the timber is “breathable” and has natural micro-air circulation. Also, do not forget about good heat-protective indicators - timber is wood, and in good condition wooden house It's warm in winter and cool in summer. And finally, the aesthetic moment, because the projects Finnish houses made of timber, these are not at all dull boxes of the same type, but quite stylish and unusual buildings. Their design combines both severity and comfort, simplicity and functionality.

Photos of Finnish projects

Our design bureau is pleased to offer you our services for the design of Finnish houses - both from timber and frame technology. If you are interested, you can borrow anything from this catalog photo of the Finnish project, and in case you don’t find the desired option, we will definitely make a custom one project with photo of a Finnish house, taking into account your wishes for layout, size, appearance!

Prices for Finnish house projects

Of course, if they want to build Finnish house, then they don’t go to Scandinavia for the project and no one buys them there. But how then can you buy a project and find out the price for it? Our design company is ready to design a real project for you in Scandinavian style at our normal prices. If you find a cheaper project - show us, we will make a better offer! In other words, we offer Finnish quality at standard prices.

When wooden houses As soon as they “came into fashion,” people built them up to the size of princely mansions. But over time, the hype passed, and houses of this type faded into the background. People began to increasingly build residential buildings from brick and other similar materials. Finnish buildings were used exclusively as country houses or guest houses.

Now Finnish construction technology is again in demand. And the reason lies in the fact that only natural materials are used to build the house. At the same time, in terms of comfort, a finished house is in no way inferior to a brick building, for example. As a rule, it is difficult to imagine a Finnish house without a fireplace. By the way, psychologists say that if a person falls asleep by the fireplace, then his tired body recovers faster and gains strength. But that’s not about that now. A real Finnish-style house symbolizes durability, reliability and, of course, quality.

Many companies have mastered the technology of manufacturing laminated veneer lumber, which is used to build a Finnish house. This material has excellent characteristics and has a beautiful appearance. Therefore, the finished house does not need any additional finishing, which is a significant saving Money. Moreover, this significantly reduces construction time.

Today, Finnish wooden houses are the most popular position in Russian construction market. In most cases, companies offer their customers to build houses based on ready-made standard projects. But if desired, the customer can also draw up individual project with the help of an experienced architect.

About the types of Finnish houses and their advantages

Finnish wooden houses come in a wide variety. This and:

One-story buildings.
Attic houses.
Two-story dwellings.
Buildings with a terrace, a pointed roof, a garage, a bedroom, a kitchen, a sauna and so on.

All these types have one thing in common, and it is a high degree of comfort and style. finished house. Thanks to this, a home built using technology invented by the Finns can compete with the most comfortable and modern apartment in a high-rise building.

Finnish houses don't just look beautiful. They are also very practical. Finnish-type technology belongs to the category of prefabricated ones. It is worth considering that the housing ultimately turns out to be highly environmentally friendly. If we consider the technology from a financial point of view, it is also economical, since it combines both thermal insulation and sound insulation. At the same time, technology is constantly improving.

There are several main and obvious advantages that Finnish house construction technology has:

About the stages of construction

The construction technology of a residential building according to the Finnish method is divided into the following stages:

You need to understand that Finnish technology involves the use of sandwich panels. As a rule, they are filled inside mineral insulation. Due to this, the service life finished building increases significantly. As already written above, all the main elements of the house are made of laminated veneer lumber, and this material has the highest performance in terms of durability and thermal insulation. And that is why Finnish houses are now popular among customers, as well as their trust.

Video. Finns are building a frame house

Finland is known for its skillful, practical and detailed approach to organizing comfortable and aesthetic living spaces. In addition, Scandinavian frame houses are designed for harsh climates, so their construction technologies are often borrowed by domestic builders. Let's figure out what the features of popular buildings are, what are the main principles and nuances of the construction of Finnish frames.

Features of Finnish technology

Variety of approaches to frame house construction can be roughly divided into two categories: American and Finnish. The first technology involves preparing, cutting and installing wall panels at the construction site.

According to the Scandinavian method, the main part structural elements manufactured at the factory. The workshop carries out cutting, fitting of parts, and sometimes complete assembly. Ready house installed on a foundation or assembled from individual modules on site.

In addition, Finnish technology has other features:

Effective thermal insulation. Special attention They pay attention to the issue of insulation - the thickness of the wall pie reaches 25 cm. The role of a heat insulator is performed by natural materials.
Self-supporting roof. The roof structure is truss-truss, which gives freedom in the internal layout.
House siding. Fiberboards are mainly used for lining walls, moisture resistant drywall for facade work.
Frame with crossbars. To relieve the load from window openings install vertical jumpers. The insertion of the crossbar allows you to do without window headers and double top trim, inherent in American technology.

The layout of a house in Finnish is based on two main principles: rationality and comfort. Scandinavian projects are thought out to the smallest detail - space is used as efficiently as possible.

Varieties of Scandinavian buildings

Construction order frame houses according to Finnish technology depends on the readiness of the factory house kit. There are three types of structures:

. A single block or several module-rooms with thermal insulation are delivered to the construction site, facade finishing and windows. All that remains is to install the house on the foundation, secure the roof and make cosmetic repairs inside. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of transportation and installation.
high availability. At the plant, according to the project, they cut out the walls, insulate them, and perform façade and interior rough finishing. On the site, builders assemble a house from panel blocks and erect internal partitions, floors, install the roof and supply communications.
Pre-Cut Kit. Construction of a house from finished parts– elements of the roof, frame, walls, ceilings are supplied disassembled. All parts are pre-fitted and numbered. Related building materials (heat and vapor insulation, facade cladding, etc.) are delivered uncut.

It is the latter method that is most popular among compatriots. Main advantages: affordable cost, opportunity self-assembly without special equipment.

Stages of construction: requirements and nuances of building a house

All technological process can be roughly divided into several main stages. Let us describe the features of the choice of structural elements and present general scheme building a Finnish house.

Selecting and laying the foundation

Scandinavian frame houses are usually installed on two types of foundations:

floors on the ground or insulated Finnish foundation - UFF;
insulated Swedish stove - .

UVF. Made from 3-4 rows of expanded clay concrete blocks. Base dimensions: width – 20 cm, height – 60-80 cm.

UFF arrangement diagram:

Laying a shallow strip foundation. It is carried out around the perimeter of the house on top of a sand and gravel cushion. Tape width – 25-30 cm.
Waterproofing the base and constructing a plinth made of brick or foam blocks.
Backfilling the fenced area with gravel, insulating it with foam boards.
Installation of “warm floors”, laying water supply and sewerage pipes.
Pouring with concrete screed.

USHP. Complete system, consisting of a foundation body, a drainage layer, a heat-insulating blind area and engineering communications. The house is mounted on a slab surface prepared for the finishing floor. Disadvantages of angle grinders: high cost of installation on slopes, low base.

When constructing a compact building, for example, bathhouses or country houses, a block or strip foundation is used.

Nuances of frame construction

The optimal base for the supporting frame is a dry planed board. Alternative, more available material, – laminated veneer lumber. In Scandinavian technology, unlike Canadian technology, frame variability is allowed. Offers from various construction companies may differ in implementation individual elements and docking points.

Large companies offer something like I-beams for racks - this solution reduces the likelihood of the formation of “cold bridges”. Interesting option– composite beams combined with low thermal conductivity material.

Usage racks with “thermal break” improves the thermal efficiency of the house, but increases the construction budget. A more economical method is to use conventional rectangular beams.

In Finnish buildings, double racks are not installed near window openings. You can refuse amplification, since between top harness and a crossbar made of LVL timber is installed as the lintel of the window. Ply veneer resists horizontal loads better than other lumber.

Exterior cladding materials

Slab finishing of the frame in American housing construction adds rigidity to the structure - continuous cladding is used OSB boards. In Finnish technology, this approach is used extremely rarely. Three cladding methods are popular among Scandinavians:

Fiberboards (Fiberboard). Sheet material inferior to OSB canvases in terms of strength, but superior to them in sound and heat insulation indicators. Popular brands of fiberboard: Izoplat, Beltermo, Shteiko. Characteristics of the plates: thickness – 25 mm, thermal conductivity – 0.037 W/m*K.
Facade gypsum board. Gypsum fiber sheets differ from fiberboard in their more affordable cost, better strength and fire safety, but are inferior in thermal conductivity - 0.3 W/m*K. The material provides the required rigidity to the frame and at the same time acts as a wind barrier.
Jib and plywood. Apply plywood sheets increased moisture resistance and thickness from 10 mm, marking - FSF. According to the technology, rigidity is achieved through slabs and jibs mounted in the corners of the house. The rest of the walls remain without sheathing - only a windproof membrane is installed.

The last option is the cheapest, but is not suitable for cold regions. With this solution, the thermal efficiency of the building deteriorates significantly.

Wall pie: insulation and insulation

In Scandinavian construction this issue is given special importance. Insulation width according to technological standards: 250 mm - walls, 300-500 mm - ceilings and attic.

Fibrous thermal insulation materials are used - mineral wool is placed in Wall panels, and ecowool is used to fill horizontal surfaces of floors and insulate roofs with a gentle slope. The role of vapor barrier is assigned to special membranes or ordinary polyethylene 200 microns.

Typical "wall pie" diagram:

facade finishing with wood;
ventilated space;
fibreboards or façade plasterboard;
frame with a layer of thermal insulation;
vapor barrier film;
additional insulation along the horizontal sheathing;
rough - sheets of plasterboard or lining.

External and internal finishing

Scandinavians prefer different types of façade cladding wood materials. Particularly popular are linings and planks. Smart sideigs are used less frequently - composite material based on moisture-resistant oriented strand board. The outer side of the panel is an imitation of the relief texture of wood.

Plaster, vinyl siding, thermal panels and facade bricks are rarely found in exterior decoration Finnish houses. These techniques are used in no more than 10% of cases.

Features of arranging a wooden facade:

A prerequisite is the presence of a ventilation gap.
The Finns attach the cladding not hidden, but by outside panels. This solution further enhances the structural rigidity of the building.
The cladding is usually painted in two stages. The first is priming the wood, the second is painting in 2-3 layers.

Interesting fact– before painting, the Scandinavians “fluff” the board a little. The presence of pile contributes to the formation of a thicker and more durable protective layer.

The interior design of Finnish frame houses is not much different from the American approach. Typically, walls are sheathed with gypsum board for wallpapering, painting, and wood finishing. Taking into account the characteristics of the foundation and the presence of a “warm floor” system, the first floor is tiled.

Roof technology

The floors and roof structure are based on factory-made trusses. The Finnish-built rafter system is designed in such a way that all loads are borne by external walls Houses. Load-bearing partitions in Scandinavian frames this is rather an exception to the rule.

Attic and attic floors are also collected from farms of impressive size. Structurally they are made as a single element formed from the walls of the second floor, floors and rafter systems.

The dimensions and weight of the trusses do not allow the installation to be carried out independently; lifting equipment is used for the work. Rafter system for compact country house can be assembled on site using factory blanks. The roof frame material is laminated veneer lumber.

For coating use hard and soft materials: roof tiles different types, seam roofing, etc. Under roofing covering equip ventilation gap, installing a counter-lattice made of slats or bars on top of the waterproofing film.

Roof and interfloor ceilings insulated with mineral wool thermal insulation materials, the minimum thickness of the layer is 30 cm.

Connection of communication systems

Features of arrangement of various engineering networks:

Heating. The first floor is heated through warm water floors in the foundation, the second and attic floors are heated through radiators. Coolant supply from any water heating boiler.
Water supply. As in traditional house, two solutions are possible: central water supply or water supply from your own source (well, well).
Sewerage. Sewage pipes are laid at the stage of laying the foundation, the depth is about 0.5-1 m, the slope is 2 cm per linear meter. The diameter of the sewer pipeline is 110 mm. Septic tanks are used to drain and collect wastewater.
Electrics. The power supply system consists of two networks: internal and external. Supply of current from the pole through the air with mandatory grounding of the input point into the house. Internal system– a set of sockets, switches, current consumers and a panel. The development of a current distribution circuit should be entrusted to professionals.
Ventilation. The best option– supply and exhaust complex with recovery. For a country house for seasonal use, a budget solution is suitable - supply wall valves and mechanical hoods in the kitchen and bathroom.

Finnish houses are better than frame houses built using Canadian or American technology suitable for countries with cold climates. The main principles of Scandinavian housing construction: maximum energy efficiency, practicality and rational use of space.

Video: modular housing construction technology

The specificity of the domestic perception of foreign individual housing construction is the perception of this process from the point of view of architecture and construction technology. When builders or clients talk about Canadian home, they put architecture into this concept colonial style or wood-frame technology; When builders talk about houses made of aerated concrete or brick, they appeal to the fundamentality and reliability of Western European houses.

We wanted to look at foreign houses not from the point of view of architecture and technology, but to note the specifics of planning solutions. After all, every nation has its own preferences in organizing the internal space of a residential building.

For illustration, we have chosen the most typical Finnish house. Its typicality lies in the fact that it is implemented without changes according to the manufacturer’s catalog and has more than one implementation. The house is designed to accommodate a family of 4 people. Total area 136 m2.

Tambour. There is no vestibule as such in Finnish houses. You open front door and you find yourself in the hallway.

The issue of penetration of cold street air into interior spaces solved through energy efficient wooden doors. And the presence of a water heated floor system prevents the spread of cold air across the floor.

The hallway in most cases is equipped with large cabinets for storing not only everyday outerwear, but also for storage seasonal clothes. Hallway area 9.6 m2.

Parents' bedroom. Finns are not very picky when it comes to bedrooms. As a rule, the bedroom area varies from 12 to 16 m2 for two people and from 8 to 12 m2 for one person. In expensive high-status houses, the bedrooms are not much larger, because they are usually used for sleeping.

In this house, the parents' bedroom is located next to the hallway. This is one of the specific features of organizing living space in Finnish. Such a planning solution can be understood when you strive to place all the private spaces around the public area, when the living room is the planning center.

The ceiling height in private rooms ranges from 2.4 to 2.5 m. The area of the parents' bedroom is 13.6 m2.

Bathroom. Placing a bathroom near the entrance can also be considered a feature of Finnish houses. Each of them has a maximum of two bathrooms. It is not customary to organize separate bathrooms for each bedroom.

To prevent the bathroom from being very deep, it is combined with a dressing room for one of the bedrooms. IN in this case the dressing room belongs to the parents' bedroom (area 2.7 m2).

Bedrooms. Sleeping rooms, according to Finnish tradition, are the most multifunctional rooms in the house. They can be either children's rooms or living rooms or offices. Therefore, when a potential customer chooses future home, on builders’ websites, projects are classified by the number of bedrooms. This house can be classified as a four-room house. In general, in the Western tradition, the living room is not taken into account. The area of 2 bedrooms is 9.5 m2 each.

Kitchen-dining room. Finns are big fans of cooking, so they allocate enough space for their kitchen. big square. In this house it is 20.3 m2. But at the same time, the kitchen is never separated from the dining room and living room. All these three zones represent a single space. The maximum that architects can do is to create a wall separating the kitchen from the living room in order to place more space on it. more cabinets and countertops for storing kitchen utensils and food.

A common feature in Finnish kitchens is a narrow window between the countertops and wall cabinets. Its main function is to provide natural light the cooking process, without depriving the wall of useful space for placing cabinets.

To realize such large spaces in the Irkutsk region - a very complex constructive measure, since according to seismic safety conditions the distance between load-bearing walls should not exceed 8 m.

Living room. The center of any Finnish living room is the fireplace stove. Moreover, modern steel is held in less esteem by these people than brick or stone.

A specific feature of Finnish fireplace stoves is their baking function. Fireplace doors usually face the living room, and the bakery oven door faces the kitchen. And no matter what price segment the house is, a combined stove-fireplace is present in most of them.

The stove as a “source of heat and food” occupies a consolidating place in the house. Therefore, the living room is the largest living space. To increase the volume of the room, the ceilings are usually sloping. The living room area in this house is 31.3 m2.

Additional bedroom. Not every Finnish family can afford to have an extra bedroom. Even if it is supposed, it is used only when necessary. In this home, an extra bedroom has been converted into a library. In richer families, they set up either a cinema hall or a children's room. game room. But on the websites and catalogs of house manufacturers, the functional load of such a room is not determined in any way. The area of the additional bedroom is 13.1 m2.

Bath and laundry complex. What is in every Finnish house and even in some apartments and is absent in other northern European peoples, This is a bath and laundry complex. If almost all European houses have a laundry room, then a bathhouse in the house isThis is a purely Finnish tradition.

Let's start with the laundry room. It is a room with a “back” exit to the courtyard. In the laundry room, in addition washing machine, drying and ironing equipment, there must be a sink and a hole for water drainage in the floor. Equipment for heating water is also sometimes located here. Laundry area - 7.7 m2.

The location of the bathhouse in the house is also a specific feature of the Finnish organization of internal space. The number of buildings on the site must be agreed upon with the city administration, and since any Finn cannot imagine his existence without a bathhouse, it is easier to place it directly in the house.

Standard bath room The house consists of two parts: a steam room and a shower room.

IN steamy room Shelves for seating are installed. The Russian tradition of steaming while lying down is applicable only in free-standing Finnish baths. But the main attributes of this process are applying heat with a broom over the body or with water on the heater is available in both options.

In order to have the opportunity to create a steam room without looking at the location chimney, in the majority modern projects Finnish houses are equipped with an electric heater. The area of the steam room is 3 m2.

A shower is a mandatory addition to the steam room, since Finns do not wash in the latter. The presence of a bathtub or shower stall in it is a sign of prosperity; a shower stand is enough to wash off dirt in front of the steam room. As a rule, there are two of them. As in the Russian tradition, people do not go to the bathhouse alone. This is a collective matter. Therefore, to increase the “passability”, several shower racks are installed in front of the steam room. Shower area - 6.4 m2.

Thus, a traditional Finnish house consists of three mandatory elements: a bedroom, a kitchen-dining-living room and a bath-laundry complex. Whatever it is - one-story or two-story, with or without an attic, it will always include these three elements. The difference between an economy house and an expensive one in Finland comes down only to the ratio of its total area to the number of people permanently living in it. That's why one-story houses are more common than two-story ones. Any manufacturer will offer you 50 one-story houses, 30 with an attic, and only 20 two-story houses for their hundred houses.

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According to historical data, classic wooden Finnish houses began to be built more than five centuries ago. Since then, Suomi has zealously adhered to long-standing traditions. Currently, Finnish house projects occupy more than 70% of the private construction market in this northern country. Moreover, this technology has long gone beyond its borders and is popular in more than thirty countries around the world, including Russia.

Advantages of wooden Finnish houses:

Energy efficiency. Finnish houses correspond to the most high standards thermal insulation. For their construction, only natural wood. Most often these are timber or logs made from northern pine or spruce. High resin content in coniferous wood makes Finnish wooden houses resistant to dampness and increases their ability to retain heat, which makes them relevant even in the harsh conditions of polar winters.
Durability. Thanks to the use of a special “lock” during the construction of a log house, Finnish houses made of logs or timber practically do not shrink and have a service life of more than 100 years. High-quality northern wood is practically indeformable, does not rot, and, thanks to special treatment, resists fire. Traditionally, Finnish houses are built exclusively using wood felled during the cold season. It is believed to have unique performance properties.
Comfort. All Finnish projects construction of houses fully reflect the practical mentality of Suomi residents. They do not contain any architectural excesses or design delights. The construction of Finnish houses is carried out with one goal - to provide maximum comfort. This is facilitated by huge windows flooding sunlight interior spaces, spacious balconies and terraces, as well as practically required element– sauna. However, Finns do not like to overpay for an indoor garage, so the car is most often parked on the street.
Affordable price. Most of these house projects are one and a half stories high. Instead of a full second floor, an attic with a sloping roof without walls is used. Therefore, the construction of Finnish cottages of this type is much cheaper while maintaining the overall usable area. Also, such buildings do not require facing works and can be built on almost any soil.
Minimum terms. Finnish wooden houses are built on a turnkey basis in just a few weeks. They do not require heavy equipment, and construction can be carried out at any time of the year.

Finnish houses, turnkey construction in Moscow

The North Forest company is the leader in the capital's wood construction market. If you are interested in Finnish houses, projects for every taste, developed using this technology, are presented on our website. The use of high-quality northern wood allows us to as soon as possible build buildings that can last for centuries.

For all houses, the projects provide for the use of two types building material- logs and beams (dry, glued, profiled). Design features projects and prices are discussed privately.