Pair dances arose a very long time ago - the first mentions of them in Europe date back to the 11th century, although at that time the most popular folk dances were round/circle dances (for example, karol): all participants hold hands, forming either a closed circle or a chain.
Gradually, however, the chain began to break up, and in the late Middle Ages, along with round dances, pair dances began to spread: dancers no longer stood alone, but in pairs, with their hands touching.
The pairs line up behind each other's heads, again forming either a circle or a chain.
But the set of movements is still very simple: steps, light jumps, swaying of the body, hand movements, and sometimes elements of pantomime.
Middle Ages and Renaissance
These changes are especially good to observe in the example of the most popular dance of the 16th–17th centuries. Originally it is a folk circular dance. But gradually it becomes a couple, and begins to be danced not only at folk festivals, but also at aristocratic balls: the ballroom differs from the folk dance in greater smoothness, more curtsies and more ceremony.
All subsequent ballroom couple dances actually grew out of branle (primarily, ,).
Actually, until the end of the 19th century, the history of pair dances is history. Social dances in the modern sense of the word did not yet exist; there was a division only into ballroom and folk dances, and in both directions there were dances based on a solid sequence of movements, and improvisational dances.
It is believed that ballroom dancing as such originated (from folk dances) in Italy in the 14th century, but after a couple of centuries France became the legislator in this regard.
XVII-XVIII centuries
It was in France, on the initiative of Louis XVI, that the Royal Academy of Dance(l"Académie royale de danse), which was supposed to study the dances that existed at that time and determine the rules, movements and forms of their performance at balls.
Ballroom pair dances of the 17th–18th centuries. - dances are ceremonial and majestic.
They danced at aristocratic balls, in ceremonial and heavy outfits.
The most important salon dance of that time was the dance, the main features of which were stiffness and solemnity.
It became a certain stage on the path to the development of ballroom dancing - thanks to its relatively energetic rhythm, it made it possible to find new dance forms and became advantageously different from the stately and.
An important milestone in the development of pair dances was the appearance of country dancing in the 17th century: this made it possible to include a larger number of participants in the dance.
Counterdance is a general name for a number of dances (grosvater, ecosaise, etc.), in which any even number of couples take part, and dance phrases are sequentially repeated by one or the other line of dancers.
These dances involve a greater variety of rhythm and movement.
In addition, in the 18th century, it gradually ceased to be the exclusive privilege of the aristocracy - again, the innovator in this regard was France, where the first public paid ball took place in 1715, and the first special room for ballroom dancing was opened in 1768.
19th century
In the 19th century the situation changed. Balls became more popular, clothing became lighter, music and dancing became faster.
, , , finally, a new dance was born, which changed the idea of couples dance in general - .
If earlier in a couples dance the gentleman and the lady barely touched each other with their hands, he made an embrace (what we now call a closed position) acceptable - which is why at the beginning of its existence it was not very approved by either the church or the state. But gradually gained enormous popularity in Europe.
In the 19th century, public balls became increasingly widespread, and they began to be held in special rooms and in city parks - for all segments of the population.
In addition, couple dances began to experience new influences.
If before this the main source of new dances and movements were the dances of the peoples of Europe, now the influence of the American continent has increased: , , . This marked the emergence of a new era -.
XX century
history of couples dancing
illustrations
Illustrations for this section were taken from the websites of fine arts museums and from virtual galleries.
May. 5th, 2008 | 02:50 pm
The theme of this season's original dance is the rhythms of the 20s, 30s and 40s.
I don’t know anything about dancing, but... let’s say Yandex and Google are a great thing!
Jive(English jive, a word of unclear origin; it is believed that it may be from Negro slang with the original meaning of “cunning, deception”). The development of jazz music contributed to the emergence of new dance movements born of syncopated jazz rhythms. As a result, so-called jazz dances appeared, in the 20s - swing and ragtime, in the 40s - boogie-woogie, bebop and rock. With the advent of electric instruments on the stage, the manner of performing music and dancing changed, and this period coincided with the birth of rock and roll, the popularity of which reached its peak in the 60s. In the late 80s, rock and roll was revived in a synthesis with elements of acrobatics. And the jive itself comes from the acrobatic dance “Jitterbig”, the movements of which, simplified over time, became available for mass performance. The pace is fast and energetic. What is unusual about the dance is that the dance movements take one and a half beats, which creates certain difficulties when learning.
Further Foxtrot(English fox "fox" and trot "quick step", the name is associated with the name of the American actor Harry Fox, who invented this dance) - a ballroom couples dance that arose from ragtime, two-step and one-step. The dance appeared in Europe in the early 20s. American dance developed in England, where it was carefully protected from the capricious influences of rapidly changing jazz rhythms and plasticity. The dance of strict lines and at the same time allowing improvisation, changing the combination of movements and their order, quickly spread throughout all European countries.
Varieties of foxtrot:
Slowfox- (English slow "slow", fox "fox") - a slow dance with a sliding long step. A variation of the foxtrot. This dance is considered difficult as it requires good balance and constant control of every movement. To perform it gracefully, the partner and especially the partner need long training. It is believed that someone who knows how to dance slowfox will easily master other dances, because... when studying it, a smooth and soft step is developed.
Quickstep- (English: quickly and step) - a type of foxtrot. English in origin, the quickstep replaced the old foxtrot, which was popular in the 1930s and was a fine example of fast dancing. Quickstep is complex in its tempo and rhythmic pattern. Rich in variations, quickstep is considered to be the “little grammar” of the European ballroom dancing program.
Also in the first half of the 20th century it was very popular Paso Doble(paso doble) (Spanish paso doble "double step") - Spanish dance, emotional. The origin of this dance is associated with Spanish folk festivals - fiestas, during which the famous bullfights - bullfights - took place. At these festivals, mass folk dances were performed, and the most popular among them was the paso doble. The dance spread widely in Latin American countries, and then gained recognition in Europe, but as a ballroom dance. The plot of the dance and its movements reflect a fight with a bull, where the partner is a bullfighter. At first glance it does not give the impression of a complex dance. But to reflect the nature of the dance, it requires excellent execution of the technique of leading in a pair, the work of the feet and body.
Rumba(Spanish rumba, cf. Spanish rumbo "path, course, rumb") - ballroom pair dance. In the early 30s, a dance of Cuban origin - rumba - began to be performed in dance halls in Europe. This beautiful and sensual dance immediately won the hearts of ballroom dance lovers. In the past, the word "rumba" meant "dancing festival" among black slaves. Over time, these words began to be used to describe a certain rhythm and dance. Originating in Cuba, it was performed by a couple or a soloist in the center of a circle of spectators. A choreographic story about the relationship between a man and a woman. Initially fast-paced, rumba became slower and more restrained. Currently, three types of rumba are popular: square, bolero rumba, Cuban rumba. Standardized by the British, the Cuban rumba, or the so-called "mambo bolero", is a variant of modern ballroom dance. It requires, first of all, a good sense of rhythm, balance, and coordination of movements. Cuban rumba is close to the cha-cha-cha dance in terms of steps and figures, but is performed in a different rhythm and in a different manner. The rhythm is soft but energetic, characterized by some smoothness
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Comments (3)
(no subject)
from: murrinka
date: May. 5th, 2008 01:28 pm (UTC)
about Jive. It's not like that at all :)
Jive is a ballroom version of what swing has become. In the early 20s, the foxtrot was danced in dance halls, and in poor houses at closed parties there were so-called drags - slow, sensual dances (squeezing, in short:), there were also funny imitation dances of all sorts of black bottom, cakewalk, etc. who danced to ragtime. Then Charleston gained wild popularity. Subsequently, at the very end of the 20s, following the music in which swing came to the fore, dancing also changed. Swing dances appeared, the most popular of which was the Lindy Hop (later called the jitterbug, not the jitterbig). It was wildly popular at the time, with thousands of young people flocking to the dance halls. Later in America there were branches of East Coast and West Coast swing, which were quite different from each other. There was also this Balboa dance from California.
During the war, American soldiers carried this “infection” to Europe, where in the late 40s the dance again changed in accordance with the music (rockabilly and rock and roll appeared) and began to be called boogie-woogie, then rock and roll ( the acrobatic branch of which later became a purely competitive sport, losing any resemblance to the original version), and then turned into a twist, shake (solo, not pair dances) and faded away.
It (Lindy Hop) received a revival only in the 80s. And now it is again very popular all over the world (it is also taught at our school, www.msds.ru)
And jive is just how this whole story is reflected in the ballroom set of dances. The greatest influence on its creation was the swing of the east coast, but even that remained a rather conditional appearance.
The 20th century is a time of evolution and progress. This period can be compared to a huge leap in the scientific and technological sphere. But progress affected not only science or technology, but also civilization in general. Such a rapid and dynamic development of society occurred even despite two world wars and many other events that brought complete destruction. But humanity’s craving for perfection and self-development has contributed to the incredible evolution of man as a part of cultural society. Dancing was one of the most powerful tools for self-realization and self-improvement. They brought joy, a sense of happiness and harmony into the life of people of the 20th century, when scientific and technological progress almost completely squeezed out spirituality and replaced it with pragmatism. Due to the lack of “beautiful” during this period, the culture of dance simply “explodes”, and a colossal number of new types and styles of choreography appear.
Dance "kaleidoscope" of the 20th century
From the diverse and variegated “kaleidoscope” of dance styles of the 20th century, one can single out such as rumba, hip-hop, lambada, contemporary and many others. Such a variety of dances proves that the 20th century is a leap not only in the scientific and technological sphere, but also a huge step forward in culture, art and the development of society as a whole.
Salsa is one of the most popular dance forms of the 20th century. This Latin American dance originated in Cuba back in the 20s and has been the most popular choreographic composition ever since. Salsa has won such worldwide love thanks to its incredible fiery, graceful and amazing rhythm. This dance can make you enjoy life and see the world only in bright colors. Salsa has several directions: cha-cha-cha, rumba, bocacha, mambo and others.
Salsa
Tango is an incredibly beautiful and passionate dance with Argentine roots. Since its inception, namely in the 19th century, it has become the most popular and beloved choreographic production throughout Argentina, London, Paris, New York, etc. This dance soon “ignited” all of Europe, America and the whole world. Tango in the 20th century was even a kind of cult - entire ensembles were created, parties dedicated specifically to it, and musical compositions written specifically for tango.
Tango
Another fantastically popular and unique dance of the 20th century is rock and roll. This choreographic production made a real revolution in culture, art and social life. Rock and roll appeared in the 50s in America. Its origins, first of all, began with music, which gave impetus to the emergence of this type of dance. Rock and roll has conquered young hearts all over the world with its drive, “spark” and incredible dynamism. This dance is characterized by very complex lifts, jumps, throws and a certain careless attitude of the partner towards the partner. The slogan of rock and roll sounded like “sex, drugs and rock-n-roll”, therefore, due to excessive frankness and even vulgarity, this type of dance was considered immoral and forbidden. But this did not stop him from remaining extremely popular in the 20s and even in our time.
Free dance
Free dance (also plastic, rhythmoplastic) is a movement that arose at the beginning of the twentieth century for liberation from the conventionality of the previous ballet theater and the merging of dance with life. Free dance was at the origins of dance in the 20th century; it formulated the principles on which modern and modern jazz dance, contemporary dance, and even butoh and contact improvisation were partly based.
The creators of free dance were united not only by the desire to turn it into a high art, having equal status with music or painting, but also by a special worldview. All of them, to one degree or another, adopted Nietzsche's idea of dance as a metaphor for freedom and the dancer as the embodiment of a liberated and creative spirit. For the founders of free dance, dance became a special philosophy from which they expected the transformation of life. Isadora Duncan (1877-1927) dreamed of a new person for whom dancing would be as organic as other everyday activities, a woman of the future - the owner of “the most sublime mind in the freest body.”
One of the ideological sources of free dance was the movement for physical improvement and emancipation of the body. Its supporters sought the source of rebirth in nature, called for naturalness, the liberation of man from the demands imposed on him by modern civilization.
Modern dance
Modern dance is one of the areas of modern foreign choreography, which originated in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. in the USA and Germany. The term "Modern Dance" originated in the United States to describe stage choreography that rejected traditional ballet forms. Having come into use, it replaced other terms (free dance, Duncanism, barefoot dance, rhythmic dance, expressive, expressionistic, absolute, new artistic) that arose in the process of development of this direction. What was common to representatives of modern dance, regardless of which movement they belonged to and in what period they proclaimed their aesthetic programs, was the intention to create new choreography that, in their opinion, met the spiritual needs of man in the 20th century. Its main principles: rejection of canons, embodiment of new themes and plots using original dance and plastic means. In an effort to achieve complete independence from traditions, representatives of T.m. In the end, they came to the adoption of certain technical methods, in opposition to which a new direction was born. The goal of a complete departure from traditional ballet forms could not be fully realized in practice.
Contemporary (contemporary)
A style of participatory stage dance that develops the style of modern and postmodern dance. Contempo is characterized by traditional attributes of ballet. This style of dance is often performed barefoot.
Contact improvisation
A dance in which improvisation is built around the point of contact with a partner. Contact improvisation is a form of free dance.
Butoh (Japanese 舞踏, butoh: “dance of darkness”) - a direction of modern
Japanese dance.
Contemporary dance (late 20th - early 21st century)
Club dance:
-Electro
-House
-Trance
-Tektonik
Tecktonik is a new dance movement of the 21st century, containing elements of jumpstyle, hip-hop, locking, popping, techno, etc.
Strip Dance is a dance style that is essentially part of striptease. If striptease is “the skill of nakedness in dance,” then strip dancing is “the skill of dance suitable for nakedness.” That is, strip dance is any dance direction that can be organically applied to striptease. Accordingly, there are various options for strip dance: R"n"B strip, Strip Latin, classic strip dance, etc. There are also different types of strip dance, based on various striptease techniques based on interaction with objects, such as: lap-dance, table-dance, pole-dance, etc.
Go-Go (go-go) is a style of erotic dance, in which, unlike
striptease dancers do not undress. The purpose of the dance is to entertain visitors to discos. Go-go originated in the early 1960s, when women at the Peppermint Lounge in New York stood on tables and began dancing the twist.
Hakka (Dutch Hakken, also Dutch Hakkuh) is a dance style that appeared in the Netherlands in the 90s as an attribute of the hardcore (gabber) youth subculture.
Jumpstyle
Jumpstyle (English Jumpstyle from English jump - jump) - dance
a style that has spread throughout Europe in recent years, mainly in the Netherlands, Belgium, as well as northern Germany and France. The dances take place to energetic electronic music; each dancer, in his own way, makes movements similar to jumps to the rhythm of the music, which is why the style got its name. If there are several dancers, they should not touch their partner. Non-synchronized actions by different dancers are encouraged.
The Melbourne shuffle is a dance style that originated in the late 80s in Australia, in the underground scene of the city of Melbourne. These are fast, typical jazz dance moves (step), but in a “modern” way, and are danced to a variety of styles of electronic dance music.
D'n"B Dance (Drum and Bass step), or D'n"B step x-outing - street dance, an attribute of the youth subculture of drum and bass, performed to music in the DnB style, most often at so-called gatherings ( informal meetings or D'n'B parties), battles (dance competitions, from the English battle - battle), and in Drum And Bass clubs. The D'n'B dance style has absorbed elements of break beat and hip Hop. D'n'B dance is performed in comfortable sneakers or sneakers with flat soles and, most often, jeans or pants that do not restrict movement.
The main emphasis when performing D'n'B dance is on the movement of the legs (“feints” with the legs):
The technique of alternating “toe - heel, toe - heel” (the so-called base, basic);
- technique of swinging forward, to the sides, crossing legs;
- technique of turns and half-turns on the heel, on the toe, and occasionally in the air;
- technique of turns of 180, 360 or sometimes more degrees (the most difficult).
Square dance
Square dance (English: square dance, translated from English as “dance of squares”) is a folk dance that originated in the USA. The dance figures adopted in square dancing are borrowed from traditional folk dances brought to the United States by emigrants from Europe. These dances include morris, English country dance and square dancing. Square dancing is danced all over the world. It first appeared in Russia in 2003.
Street dance:
Hip-hop (eng. hip hop) is a cultural movement that originated among the working class of New York in the late 1970s. DJ Afrika Bambaataa was the first to define the five pillars of hip-hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking, graffiti writing, and knowledge. Other elements include beatboxing, hip-hop fashion and slang. Originating in the South Bronx, hip-hop became part of youth culture in many countries around the world in the 1980s. Since the late 1990s, from a street underground with a strong social orientation, hip-hop has gradually turned into part of the music industry, and by the middle of the first decade of this century, the subculture had become “fashionable” and “mainstream”. However, despite this, many figures within hip-hop still continue its “main line” - protest against inequality and injustice, opposition to those in power.
Brakedance
Breakdancing or b-boying (eng. breakdance) is a street dance, one of
currents of hip-hop culture. 
C-walk(Crip walk)
Crip walk (C-walk, Cwalk) is a style of modern street dance focused on virtuoso improvised footwork. C-Walk was born around 1970 in South Central Los Angeles.
Popping
Popping (popping, dad; from the English Popping) is a dance style that is based on the technique of rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles to cause shocks in the dancer’s body - a pop or a hit. This is done continuously to the rhythm of the music combined with various movements and postures. A dancer who performs popping is called a popper. in Russia for a long time incorrectly called “upper breakdancing”. Popping is also used as a general term for a group of related styles that are often combined with popping to create greater variety in performance.
In street dance competitions Juste Debout, Popping is one of the main 4 categories in which battles (competitions) are held:
-Krump
- Locking
The true beauty of which lies in pure improvisation rather than a series of planned sequential movements.
Latin American dances
Samba is a Brazilian dance, one of the five Latin American dances.
ballroom dance programs. It arose from the fusion of African dances that came to Brazil with slaves from Congo and Angola, with Spanish and Portuguese dances brought from Europe by the conquerors of South America. Samba music has a characteristic rhythm created by drums and maracas, usually having 50-52 beats per minute (2/4 time).
Bachata (Spanish: bachata) - Dominican musical style and dance
Republic, which is also widespread in the Latin American countries of the Caribbean, as well as in those Latin American communities in the United States where immigrants from these countries predominate. Musical size - 4/4. Music is generally characterized by a moderate tempo; the lyrics tell about the suffering of unrequited love and life's hardships.
Merengue (Spanish: merengue) is a musical style and dance of the Dominican Republic, which is also widespread in the Latin American countries of the Caribbean, as well as in those Latin American communities in the United States where immigrants from these countries predominate.
Mambo (Spanish: mambo) is a musical style and dance of Cuba, which received
It is also widespread in Latin American Caribbean countries, as well as in those U.S. Latino communities where immigrants from these countries predominate. Mambo, like Rumba, Salsa, Cha-cha-cha, was born in Cuba. The word “mambo” comes from the name of the god of war, to whom a ritual dance was dedicated in Cuba in the distant past.
The current form of Mambo was born in the 40s as a result of the fusion of Afro-Cuban rhythms and jazz, fathered by Odilio Urfe and Arsenio Rodriguez.
Salsa is a modern dance from the USA and Latin America, which
dance in pairs or in groups. The dance originated in the 1970s.
In December 2005, the first world salsa championship, the World Salsa Championships, was held in Las Vegas.
Zouk (Zuk) is a style of dance rhythmic music that came from
French islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Haiti, Saint Lucia and became popular thanks to the efforts of the groups Grammacks and Exile One. Zouk translates to "party" or "festival" in French Creole. In Europe, music is most popular in France, in North America - in Canada, in the province of Quebec. At the same time, Zouk developed its own direction on the African islands of Capo Verde.
Lambada (port. Lambada) is a musical style and dance that originated in the north of Brazil, in the state of Pará. Popularized in the late 1980s and early 1990s all over the world, including in Russia, thanks to the work of the French group Kaoma.
Flamenco (Spanish: flamenco) – traditional music and dance
style originating from Andalusia; it is a fusion of musical accompaniment (toke), singing (kante) and dance (baile). The style is represented by several dozen varieties (more than 50). Flamenco dances and songs are usually accompanied by guitar and percussion: rhythmic clapping (palmas), playing a percussion box (cajon); sometimes - castanets. Flamenco performers are called "bailaor" (dancer) and "cantaor" (singer), "tocaor" (guitarist).
Capoeira, capoeira (port. Capoeira, /ka.puˈej.ɾɐ/) – Brazilian
a national martial art that combines elements of acrobatics, games, and is accompanied by national Brazilian music. As a martial art it is characterized by the use of low positions, kicks and, in some areas, an abundance of acrobatics. Modern capoeira, unlike its earlier forms, is rarely used for combat purposes. The usual practice is non-contact combat, although there are world championships in full contact capoeira. Capoeira is an art form in which traditions determine the order of the meetings, the appearance of the participants, the music and the certification of capoeirists. 
Pachanga (Spanish: pachanga) is a Latin American musical style and dance characterized by syncopated rhythm and movements. Music of this style was performed mainly by charang orchestras. In the 1960s, pachanga made a splash among New York's Latino teenagers.
Bolero (Spanish Bolero) is a dance and at the same time a musical genre that originated in Spain at the end of the 18th century. There are many varieties of bolero, characteristic of different regions of Spain. The bolero is size ¾. Also, a bolero is a short, tight-fitting sleeveless vest without a fastener, part of the national costume.
Ballet
Ballet (French ballet, from Latin ballo - I dance) is a type of performing art, the main means of expression of which are inextricably linked music and dance.
Most often, a ballet is based on some kind of plot, dramatic concept, libretto, but there are also plotless ballets. The main types of dance in ballet are classical dance and character dance. An important role here is played by pantomime, with the help of which the actors convey the feelings of the characters, their “conversation” with each other, and the essence of what is happening. Modern ballet also widely uses elements of gymnastics and acrobatics. 
Ballet happens:
Romantic
Classical
Modern
Ballroom dancing
Ballroom dancing is a group of pair dances that are danced in special rooms. Sports ballroom dancing is divided into 2 programs: European and Latin American. The European program includes: slow waltz, tango, Viennese waltz, slow foxtrot (slowfox) and quickstep (fast foxtrot). In Latin America: samba, cha-cha-cha, rumba, paso doble and jive. Ballroom dancing is extremely popular and tournaments are held all over the world. 
European program:
Slow waltz is a ballroom dance of the European program. Danced in 3/4. As a rule, there are three steps for each measure. When moving forward, the first step to the greatest extent determines the length of movement for a given beat, the second - the angle of rotation, the third - auxiliary, changing the free leg, that is, transferring the center of gravity of the body.
Tango (Spanish tango) is an ancient Argentine folk dance; doubles
ballroom dance of free composition, characterized by an energetic and clear rhythm; music for this dance. Initially developed and spread in Argentina, then it became popular all over the world. Tango was previously known as tango criollo. Today there are many tango dance styles, including Argentine tango, Uruguayan tango, ballroom tango (American and international style), Finnish tango and ancient tango. Argentine tango is often considered the "authentic" tango because it is closer to what was originally danced in Argentina and Uruguay. The music and dance elements of tango are popular in activities related to dance, gymnastics, figure skating, synchronized swimming, etc.
The Viennese Waltz is a ballroom dance of the European program. Similar
slow waltz, differs in the number of beats per minute, that is, the tempo of execution.
Foxtrot (fox step) - developed in 1912 in the USA from not so
temperamental one-step is a new group dance, first at a slow 4/4 beat tempo. There is a misconception that the name of the dance comes from the English word foxtrot, which translates as “fox gait.” Actually this is not true. The foxtrot was invented by Harry Fox for a show in New York in 1913. After World War I, the foxtrot craze spread to Europe.
Quickstep is a fast foxtrot. If the term “foxtrot”, according to one version, is figurative and literally means “fox step”, then the term “quickstep” is more precise, that is, “quick step”. Indeed, we are talking about a dance that, in accordance with its lively rhythm, requires lightness and mobility from the performer. Rich in variations, the quickstep is considered to be the “low grammar” of standard dances. The movement is fast, light, airy, swift, high-speed. Musical time signature: 4/4. Beats per minute: 50. Accent: on beats 1 and 3. Competition: 1.5 - 2 minutes. Rise and Fall: Rise starts at end 1, continues through 2 and 3, up/down at end 4.
Latin American program:
Samba is a Brazilian dance, one of the five dances in the Latin American ballroom dance program. It arose from the fusion of African dances that came to Brazil with slaves from Congo and Angola, with Spanish and Portuguese dances brought from Europe by the conquerors of South America. Samba music has a characteristic rhythm created by drums and maracas, usually having 50-52 beats per minute (2/4 time).
Cha-cha-cha (Spanish: cha cha cha) is a musical style and dance of Cuba, which is also widespread in the Latin American countries of the Caribbean, as well as in those Latin American communities in the United States where immigrants from these countries predominate. Cha-cha-cha arose in the process of evolution and experiments of the Cuban composer Enrique Jorrin (Enrique Jorrin, 1926-1987) with Danson, in the 50s of the 20th century. Performed in competitions, starting with the Hobby class. Musical time signature is 4/4, tempo is 30 beats per minute.
Rumba is a Cuban couple dance of African origin. A distinctive feature of rumba is its erotic smooth movements combined with wide steps. The most famous rumba melody throughout the world should be considered the famous “Guantanamera”, written by Joseito Fernandez and quickly becoming a rumba classic
Paso doble (Spanish Paso doble - “double step”) is a Spanish dance that imitates bullfighting. The first name of the dance is “Spanish One Step”, since the steps are taken on every count. The Paso Doble was one of many Spanish folk dances associated with various aspects of Spanish life. The Paso Doble is based in part on bullfighting. The partner portrays a bullfighter, and the partner portrays his cloak or muleta (a piece of bright red fabric in the hands of a matador), sometimes a second bullfighter, and very rarely a bull, usually defeated by the final blow. The character of the music corresponds to the procession before the bullfight (el paseíllo), which usually takes place to the accompaniment of the paso doble.
Jive is a dance of African-American origin that appeared in the United States in the early 1940s. Jive is a type of swing with fast and free movements. Modern jive is very different in style from swing, although it often uses the same figures and movements. The musical size is 4/4, tempo is 44 beats per minute.
Hustle (from the English hustle “hustle, hustle”) is a pair dance based on improvisation and “leading”. It is a collective name for dancing to disco music popular in the 1980s, such as disco-fox, disco-swing and hustle itself. It is a “social” dance - that is, at its core it is extremely simple, danced in four counts (disco-fox in three) to almost any music, does not require long training and allows anyone to dance after a little practice.
-Sports Hustle/Disco Fox/Disco Swing
-Hustle freestyle
-Hustle Jack 'n' Jill
Hustle Jack 'n' Jill is a hustle competition format where the competing pairs are obtained by randomizing male and female partners. This nomination most clearly allows you to demonstrate the skills of social improvisational dance. The main features of the nomination: the performance of productions is impossible, costumes and aerial acrobatics are not evaluated by the judges.
Features:
Hustle Jack-n-Jill is held in classes - D, C, B, A, as well as in the Absolute and Absolute categories according to the Star system. Conducting Hustle Jack-n-Jill in classes: D, C, B, A, and in the category - Absolute.
Show hustle is a dance built on hustle elements, having its own idea/plot, which is implemented in musical accompaniment, costumes and dance movements, which is a vibrant performance.
Features:
The hustle show is held in the classroom - absolute, because... there is no division of dancers into classes. If 8 or less couples participate, the final is held immediately. With the participation of more than 8 couples, at the discretion of the organizer, qualifying rounds may be held. In all rounds, participants dance to their own music, one pair at a time on the floor.
Lady Hustle is a dance based on elements of Hustle, performed by two partners.
Double hustle is a dance based on hustle elements, performed by threes, usually consisting of one partner and two partners.
Historical dance
Historical dances are a general name for dances from past eras performed today.
Mazurka (from Polish mazurek) is a Polish folk dance.
Minuet (French menuet, from menu - small) is an ancient folk French graceful dance, so named because of its small steps. Derived from the slow folk round dance of the province of Poitou. It is written in a two-leg fold, in a three-part size (3/4). From the middle of the 17th century - ballroom. Since the 17th century it has spread widely throughout Europe.
Polonaise (Polish polonez, French polonaise, from French polonais - Polish) is a ceremonial procession dance at a moderate pace, of Polish origin. It was performed, as a rule, at the beginning of balls, emphasizing the solemn, sublime nature of the holiday. In a polonaise, dancing couples move according to geometric shapes established by rules. The musical size of the dance is ¾.
Folk dance
Attan is a traditional Pashtun-Afghan dance and the national dance of Afghanistan.
Vars is a Czech dance popular in the 1970s.
Gopak (from Ukrainian gop - an exclamation uttered during a dance; hence the verbs gopati - stomp, gopkati - jump) is a national Ukrainian dance. They dance hopak in Ukrainian national costumes. The dance is danced energetically, the main dance movements are squat dancing, jogging, wide, high jumps with swinging legs. Sometimes the combat sabers of Ukrainian Cossacks are used in the dance. 
Zhok (Mold. joc – game, dance) is a mass Moldavian folk dance. The dance movement is dynamic. Musical size 2/4; There are also sizes 6/8 and 3/8. In different regions of Moldova, there are independent versions of joka music and dance steps. Zhok also means a mass folk festival. There is joc bătrînesc (old men's dance), joc de glumă (comic dance), etc.
Zika is a Chechen folk dance. Performed only by men. It is danced not only by folk art groups, but also during various especially important events.
Classical Indian dances
- Bharatanatyam
- Odissi
- Mohiniyattam
- Kuchipudi
- Manipuri
- Satria
- Kathakali
- Kathak
Scottish dancing is a collective name for dances associated with Scottish culture.
Krakowiak (Polish: Krakowiak) - a fast dance of Polish origin in 2/4; The form is two-beat, the melody is of a lively character, often has an emphasis on the second eighth note in the bar, which is syncopated with the third. The rhythm is sharp, with frequent syncopations. It is performed cheerfully, temperamentally, with a proud posture.
Kochari (Azerbaijani köçəri) – Azerbaijani dance
Kochari (Armenian: Քոչարի) – Armenian dance
Kochari - Assyrian dance
Kochari (Greek Κότσαρι) – Pontic dance
Lezginka (Lezg. lekren kyul, Osset. zilgæ kaft, tymbyl kaft) is a Lezgin folk dance. Distributed throughout the Caucasus among all Caucasian peoples. Kabardians, Ossetians, Avars, Chechens, Ingush and other Caucasian peoples have their own varieties of Lezginka.
Polka is a fast, lively Central European dance, as well as a genre of dance music. It appeared in the mid-19th century in Bohemia, and has since become a famous folk dance.
Belly dancing is the Western name for a dance technique common in the Middle East and Arab countries. In Arabic it is known as Raqs Sharqi, in Turkish as Oryantal dansı, that is, “oriental dance”. The uniqueness of oriental belly dance lies in its plasticity.
Belly dancing was brought to the Middle East from India by gypsies around the 10th century, and from there it spread further and, therefore, is often mistakenly attributed to Middle Eastern origin.
Gypsy dances are dances created by various groups of Gypsies. As a rule, the prerequisites for their appearance were the interpretation of the dances of surrounding peoples. Some types of gypsy dances were originally intended to make money.
Trepak is an ancient Russian folk dance. Performed at a fast tempo, bipartite. Also widespread in Ukraine. The main movements are fractional steps and stamping. The dance was improvised by the performer. In character it has much in common with “Kamarinskaya” and “Barynya” - either a single male dance or a re-dance. But, unlike them, the trepak did not have its own traditional melody.
Uzundere (Azerbaijani: Uzundərə) is an Azerbaijani national dance, performed to the accompaniment of lyrical national music, often at weddings, mainly by women.
Round dance (horo, kolo, korogod, karagod, kharagod) is an ancient folk circular mass dance-game. The dancers move in a circle, holding hands.
Distributed mainly among the Slavs, but it is also found (under different names) among other peoples.
Csárdás (Hungarian: csárdás) is a traditional Hungarian folk dance. The name comes from Hungarian. csárda - inn, tavern.
Yalli (Azerbaijani: Yallı) is an Azerbaijani national dance, which is one of the most common collective round dances in rural areas. The different types of Yalli dance are Kochari, Uchayag, Tello and Galadangalaya.
Swing
Dance 1920s - 1940s. The term "swing" is usually used for a group of dances that developed during the "Swing Era" (late 1920 - 1940) or for modern dances that descend from them. Historically, swing has been categorized within the African-American folk dance tradition, although there are some exceptions that were common among whites.
Almost all forms of swing are characterized by a syncopated (shortened) rhythm, characteristic of African-American and West African music and dance and with jazz dances of the Jazz Age (from the late 19th century to the 1940s). Most variations of swing developed along with the swing music genre, although many of these styles and their derivatives are now danced to modern music. Now swing is widespread in many developed Western and Asian countries, although in each city and country certain dances, their culture and the music “suitable” for them are popular differently.
The Lindy Hop is an African-American dance that appeared in New York in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. Lindy hop developed in parallel with jazz music and belongs to the class of swing dances. It absorbed the features of Charleston, tap, jazz and other dances that existed simultaneously with it. In the 1980s, Lindy Hop was revived by American, Swedish and British dancers. Currently, Lindy Hop schools exist in many countries around the world, incl. and in Russia.
Similar to the Charleston, which is its progenitor, the basic Lindy Hop step consists of eight counts and is danced both solo and in pairs. In the open position, the partners hold each other by one hand; in the closed position, the position of the hands resembles the position of the hands in a waltz.
Jive is a dance of African-American origin that appeared in the United States in the early 1940s. Jive is a type of swing with fast and free movements. Modern jive is very different in style from swing, although it often uses the same figures and movements.
Musical time signature is 4/4, tempo is 44 beats per minute.
Characteristics of the social and everyday way of life of society in the 20th century. Democratization of society and its influence on the development of new forms of leisure. Restaurants, pubs or taverns as part of the mass pastime of city residents. Changing styles of everyday dance. Pair dance as the main form of everyday choreography. Improvisation is the basis of compositional and lexical content. Leading role of the partner. The emphasis in dance compositions shifted from movements to rhythm - the dance of steps turned into a dance of rhythm. The influence of the activities of Verna Castle, Irene and Joseph Smith on the change in dance vocabulary of the early 20th century. A fusion of ballroom and modern clothing. Popular dances of the first half of the 20th century - step, foxtrot, quickstep, tango. America as a trendsetter in dance fashion. Transformation of ragtime into popular dances of the 20s - swing, Charleston, step. The roots of tap dance are the Irish “jig”. The Russian term for tap dance is tap dance, the American term is tap dance (“knocking dance”).
1. The main elements of dances of the first half of the 20th century:
Waltz - Boston.
- · Open recess.
- · Zigzag forward, backward, delayed.
- · Right turn.
- · Left turn.
Foxtrot.
- · Triple step.
- · Step feather.
- · Right turn.
Left turn.
· Change of direction.
Tango.
- · Progressive side step.
- · Open left turn.
- · Rokk.
- · Change of direction.
Charleston.
- · Basic movement.
- · Basic movement on one leg.
- · Alternating movement with two legs.
- · Double basic movement.
Quickstep.
- · Quarter turns.
- · Right and left turns.
- · Progressive chassis.
- · Lock step forward and backward.
- 2. Curtsy of the lady, curtsy, bow of the gentleman.
- · Curtsey of a 20th century lady.
- · Invitation and bow to a partner of the 20th century.
- 3. Examples of dance compositions of everyday dances of the first half of the 20th century:
- · Waltz-Boston.
- · Foxtrot.
- · Quickstep.
- · Step.
- · Tango.
- · Charleston.
- · Krakowiak.
