Winter apple tree Jonagold: description, photo. Apple tree "Jonagold": description and features of cultivation Jonagold description

Jonagold is an American apple tree with late-winter ripening fruits. Obtained in 1943 at the Geneva breeding station (New York, USA) by crossing 2 varieties - Jonathan x Golden Delicious. In the early 1970s, the variety was sent to undergo initial testing, and since the mid-1980s, it has undergone extensive production testing in plantings belonging to scientific institutions in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine. In the territory of southern Polesie, this apple tree was tested mainly on frost-resistant skeleton-forming plants. It is worth noting that initially new variety did not arouse much interest among American breeders and its tests were completed in the United States back in 1953. In the 1960s, Jonagold was introduced to European countries(Belgium, the Netherlands), where its first large plantings appeared. And only after the active spread of the apple tree throughout Europe in their homeland they remembered it. In the territory Soviet Union the variety began to be distributed in the 1970s, and in the 1980s it was grown in all republics of the USSR. The popularity of this apple tree throughout the world has not faded to this day; its share in the world market accounts for a significant volume of apple sales.

The trees are vigorous and fast growing. The crown at a young age is broadly oval in shape, in mature trees it is spherical and medium dense. When extending from the trunk, the skeletal branches form a wide angle (closer to a straight line). The excitability of the buds is above average, the ability to form shoots is average. Fruiting is concentrated on ringlets, fruit twigs and annual growths.

The flowering period falls in the middle period. The variety is triploid (requires at least 2 pollinators). From 9 to 21% of fruits are set through open pollination. Among the best pollinators for Jonagold are the following varieties: Jonathan, Idared, Gloucester, Champion, Cox Orange Pipin, Elstar.

The fruits are of above-average and large size (the weight of an apple usually varies from 170 to 220 g, the largest specimens can reach 250 g), one-dimensional, round or rounded-elongated, slightly conical, with ribbing at the calyx (better expressed in large fruits). The skin is of medium thickness, smooth, elastic, dense, shiny, with a waxy coating. The main color of the fruit is greenish-yellow; the outer color occupies no more than 2/3 of the surface of the apple and is expressed through a fairly bright, blurry-striped orange-red blush.

The pulp is yellow in color, dense in consistency, juicy, crispy, has an excellent, very unique, but harmonious sweet and sour taste, with astringency. Tasting assessment of the taste of Jonagold apples is 4.6 - 4.8 points. A variety for universal use: fresh, canned, juices, compotes, purees, dry powders for baby food, preserves, jams, desserts.

The period of removable fruit ripeness falls in September (often towards the end of the month, depending on the area of growth). It is customary to harvest when the main color of the fruit becomes yellow-orange (without “greenishness”) with the addition of a pink blush. The fruits reach full maturity in January. The fruits are stored for quite a long time: in the refrigerator until April. The transportability of the variety is very high.

The apple tree bears fruit quickly: the trees bear fruit from the 3rd year after planting. Productivity is also high: from 5 - 7 year old trees up to 10 - 15 kg of fruits are collected, at the age of 10 - 12 years old apple trees produce up to 40 - 55 kg of fruits.

Winter hardiness is low (below average): trees very unfavorably tolerate the change from normal winter to extreme winter for a particular region. In the conditions of the Crimea, the Steppe and the western Forest-Steppe, the trees withstand the winters familiar to these regions well with decent agrotechnical care on the rootstocks M.9 and MM.106, while forming quite high yields. In extreme winters, trees suffer significant damage, take a long time and are not fully restored, and yields are noticeably reduced. For example, in the conditions of southern Polesie Ukraine, in the harsh winter of 1986 - 1987. Trees aged 6 years on M.3 froze by 3.0 - 4.0 points when the air temperature dropped to minus 35.9 °C. In the spring, the condition of the trees was assessed at 2.0 - 3.0 points: the wood of the skeletal and semi-skeletal branches was brown, the proportion of damaged bark on the trunk reached 50 - 70% of the total surface, up to 65% of the fruit formations were frozen, loss of some semi-skeletal branches and shoots was observed grew very weakly. Subsequently (from 1987 to 1992), the frozen trees never fully recovered, bringing low yields (from 7 to 18 kg/tree). In 1993, these trees were uprooted.

The resistance of the Jonagold apple tree to scab is average, and to powdery mildew - low.

Obvious advantages varieties are: large, very beautiful fruits with excellent taste; high rates of productivity, early fruiting and keeping quality; the possibility of various uses of fruits for culinary and industrial purposes.

Significant disadvantages include: insufficient high level winter hardiness and resistance to major diseases.

Since the Jonagold apple tree is very popular all over the world, it has developed numerous clones (there are more than 100 species in total), usually distinguished by a more intense color. They are conventionally divided into 5 groups:

1. Mutants with a bright red striped (hatched) spotty-blurred blush: Wilmuta, New Jonagold, etc. 2. Mutants with a bright red blurred cover color: Jonica, Jonagold King ( Jonagold King), Nicobel, Goldpurpur, etc.

3. Mutants with average fruit color between bright red and dark red: Navajo. 4. Mutants with a dark red blush blurred over the entire surface of the fruit, against which streaks may appear: Jonagored, Jonagold Decosta, Romagold. 5. Mutants with a uniform dark red blush blurred over the entire surface of the fruit: Jomured, Marnica, Rubinstar.

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Apple tree "Jonagold": description of the variety, photo

The Jonagold apple tree has been one of the most common and popular varieties throughout the world for decades. It has rightly earned such recognition due to its excellent characteristics, which we will consider in the article.

History of selection

“Jonagold” is an apple variety, bred in 1943 in Geneva (USA) as a result of crossing two selections - “Golden Delicious” and “Jonathan”. But at first, this variety did not gain due popularity among breeders, and since 1953 in America they forgot about it, stopping any research. The first large-scale plantings of the Jonagold apple tree appeared in the 1960s after its spread to European countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands.

The appearance of this variety on the territory of the USSR dates back to the early 1970s, and since the 1980s it has already been introduced in all republics of the Soviet Union without exception. In the mid-1980s, the Jonagold apple tree passed a successful production test on the territory of scientific institutions in the forest-steppe and steppe of Ukraine. The variety was studied on skeleton-forming plants in southern Polesie for frost resistance.

Description of the tree

Jonagold apple trees belong to a fast-growing and vigorous species. According to the description, young representatives of the variety are distinguished by a wide oval-shaped crown, which over time transforms into a spherical one with an average density of branches. The arrangement of the skeletal branches in relation to the trunk forms a wide, almost right angle.
The shoot formation of this variety is considered average, and the excitability of the buds is above average. Fruits on trees are formed not only on ringlets, but also on fruit twigs and annual growths.

Description of fruits

The apples are mostly large or larger than average in size, since the average weight of one is 170-230 g; specimens weighing 250 g are not uncommon. The fruits are characterized by a round or slightly conical shape, one-dimensionality with slightly pronounced ribbing in the area of the fruit calyx.

The peel of apples is of medium thickness, smooth texture, quite elastic with a waxy coating. The external color of apples is presented in green-yellow shades with a dark red, slightly striped cover that occupies most of their surface.

Inside, apples are characterized by fairly dense, juicy and crispy pulp with a yellowish tint. They taste sour-sweet with a slight tartness. In general, the taste qualities of this variety are estimated at 4.6-4.8 points.

Lighting requirements

When planting seedlings to obtain maximum yield, it is very important to take into account lighting requirements. The Jonagold apple tree is a light-loving variety. Therefore, the planting site should always be as bright and open to sunlight as possible.

Soil requirements

Before purchasing a seedling of the desired apple variety, make sure that the soil on your site meets all the requirements as much as possible. Since the Jonagold apple tree is an industrial variety, the soil for planting in the first place should not be heavy; loamy and sandy loam soil is most suitable. In this case, soil whose groundwater level is higher than 1.5-2 m to the surface is not allowed.

Pollination

"Jonagold" is a prominent representative of triploid varieties. This means that for maximum productivity a minimum of 2 types of pollinators is required. Under the condition of free pollination, no more than 20% of the fruits are set on the tree, or even less. The best and proven pollinators for the Jonagold apple tree include Gloucester, Idared and Elstar.

Fruiting

“Jonagold” is a fast-growing variety, since the first fruits appear already in the second or third year from the moment of planting. Subsequently, the trees bear fruit every year.

Important! Weather conditions during the period of ovary formation and fruiting have little effect on the yield of this variety.

Maturation period

The fruits reach ripeness in the second half of September. Don't be alarmed if the apples don't seem ripe enough. When removed from the tree, they should be yellow-orange in color with a pink blush. But don’t be afraid of this, because consumer ripeness of the fruit begins already in the month of January.

Important! Do not pick fruits that have a pronounced green color from the tree.

Productivity

The productivity of Jonagold apple trees is high and steadily increasing. Thus, 7-8 year old apple trees produce an average of 15 kg of apples, 9-12 year old trees produce 40-50 kg, and 20-30 year old trees produce 60-100 kg per year per tree.

Transportability and storage

The transportability of the fruit is considered high. During transportation, apples perfectly retain their presentation. You can store fruits using two options:

In the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3 degrees, the fruits are stored until April.
in storage, cellar - until February.

Resistance to diseases and pests

The variety of apple trees in question is not sufficiently resistant to diseases and pests. In opposition to scab, he has average results.
Powdery mildew is a common and dangerous disease for apple trees. Due to the low level of resistance to it, it is necessary to constantly help trees fight this type of disease. In the spring, Jonagold must be treated with Bordeaux solution. During the period after bud formation and before flowering, trees should be sprayed with special products containing copper.

Winter hardiness

Winter hardiness cannot be called a strong point of this variety; it is below average or even close to low. Trees have a particularly difficult time withstanding winters with extreme temperature changes. In such harsh weather conditions, trees suffer noticeable damage, after which they take a very long time and do not fully recover, which significantly affects their productivity.

Use of fruits

Apples of this variety are classified as fruits with universal use. They are good not only fresh, but also in the form of all kinds of preservation - juices, compotes, purees, jams, preserves. Great demand for Jonagold fruits comes from baby food manufacturers who process them into dry powder.

Advantages and disadvantages

Having analyzed all the main characteristics of Jonagold apple trees, we should highlight their main advantages and disadvantages.
The obvious strengths of the fruits of this variety are the following:

large fruits with excellent external and taste characteristics;
high and stable yield;
precociousness;
high transportability;
long storage;
universal use in cooking.

But among the huge number of advantages, there are also disadvantages:

low disease resistance;
insufficient level of winter hardiness.

Despite some weak sides apple tree "Jonagold", its numerous advantages have made it famous all over the world, and the demand for its fruits is only increasing every year.

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Jonagold (apple tree): description of the variety, photo

Apples are valued for their benefits to the body and taste. The number of apple tree varieties increases every year, but some of them are gaining particular popularity due to their tasty fruits and their good keeping quality. Jonagold belongs to these varieties.

Jonagold (apple tree): description

Jonagold is a winter apple tree. It is obtained by crossing the very well known Golden Delicious and Jonathan varieties. This happened in the middle of the last century in America. This variety came to us a couple of decades later, and gardeners immediately paid attention to it. Industrial cultivation began.

Jonagold apple tree (photo) is popular not only in the USA. There she is among the top 15 most requested. It is one of the most commonly grown varieties in Belgium. It is valued for its large fruits, although its price is low.

The Jonagold apple tree is of medium height and in the first years of its life has a wide, rounded crown. Then, at the time of full fruiting, it becomes broadly oval. The density of young branches is average. The crown shape does not require special adjustments. Skeletal branches grow at such an angle that they do not need to be adjusted.

Every year an average number of young branches are formed on the tree. The tree bears fruit on ringlets, annual growth and fruit branches.

The Jonagold apple tree begins to bear fruit quite early, in the third year after being planted in a permanent place.

The description and photo indicate that the fruits are larger than average in size, reaching up to 9 cm in diameter. The weight of one fruit is up to 220 g. The apples are the same size, round. The color is yellow, with a red or orange blush covering two-thirds of the fruit. The skin is medium thick, shiny, covered with a waxy coating. The pulp is very tasty, aromatic, with a wine flavor, sweet and sour (4.6 b.), yellow in color.

The fruits reach removable ripeness at the end of September, a week earlier than the mother variety Golden Delicious. It is then that they are removed from the trees and stored.

They can be stored in a cellar or other similar type of premises. There they can retain their taste until February. If you use the refrigerator for storage, you can enjoy fresh Jonagold apples in April.

Usage

Jonagold apples tolerate transportation well, so they can be transported over long distances.

Apples of this variety are used to make juices and wine. From the bottom they produce puree and dry powders. What do the gardeners who grow the Jonagold apple tree say? Reviews say that at home, jams, preserves, compotes are made from apples of this variety, and used as a filling for pies. But best use They consider eating fresh apples because they are very tasty and aromatic.

Pollinators

It doesn't bloom very early. Jonagold is a triploid. In order for the number of ovaries to be sufficient, you need to have at least two pollinators.

Open pollination ranges from 9 to 21 percent. The best pollinators for this apple tree variety are:

James Grieve;
Renet Orange Cox.

Pollination with varieties shows good results:

Jonathan;
Champion;
Idared;
Elstar.

Productivity

Productivity Jonagold varieties does not depend on weather conditions. It is always stable and quite high.

At the age of 7 years, the Jonagold apple tree is capable of producing up to 15 kg of fruit per tree; at 12 years, the yield is up to 55 kg per tree.

Frost resistance of apple trees

Jonagold is an apple tree with average frost resistance. Does not tolerate sharp changes from normal winter temperatures in the region to extreme ones. After freezing, it recovers poorly and the yield decreases. In the middle zone, trees of this variety are best grown on frost-resistant wood chips.

Growing

You can plant an apple tree in autumn or spring. It is believed that the Jonagold apple tree variety takes root better in the fall. But for this it needs to be planted correctly.

The hole for the seedling is prepared in advance, two weeks before planting. Its size should be sufficient to accommodate the root and provide it with a set of useful substances. Having prepared a hole 1 m deep, loosen the soil. This allows the roots of the plant to grow unhindered in depth and to the sides for several years. The length and width of the pit are also 1 m.

The soil for planting an apple tree should be neutral acidic, pH 5.0-6.5. The layer of chernozem or humus layer must be at least 18 cm. The apple tree does not tolerate stagnation of water in the root system. Level groundwater should not be less than 1.5 m. Apple trees do not grow on swampy soils and peat bogs.

The top layer of soil is laid separately. Fertilizers and substances beneficial to the seedling are added. This is rotted manure, a handful of ash. You can add complex or potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.

A mound of prepared soil is placed at the bottom of the hole. A seedling is placed on it. Straighten the roots so that they are directed to the sides of the mound. Place a peg in the hole to which the seedling will be tied. Carefully fill the remaining space with earth, compacting it periodically.

Watered. Up to 30 liters of water are poured under one tree. Then mulch trunk circle a thick layer of peat, humus, hay or mown grass. This especially needs to be done in the spring. Mulch will help retain moisture near the plant's roots and prevent weeds from choking it out. Water deeply once or twice a week. This largely depends on the weather and soil conditions.

In spring they are planted 5 days after the soil thaws. In autumn - two weeks before the onset of persistent frosts.

When planting, make sure that the planting site is located at a height of at least 10 cm above the soil level. The distance between apple trees should be at least 4.5 m.

Crown formation

Jonagold is an apple tree that does not require special pruning. Its skeletal branches grow under right angle. Therefore, the main task is to form a crown by cutting the conductor 40 cm from the upper branch of the lower tier, and leaving required quantity skeletal branches (4-6).

If the tree is weak, the lower tier consists of 3-4 branches, the conductor is cut to 20 cm. next year it is shortened again by 40 cm. After 4 years of such procedures, the conductor is cut out at a height of 2.5 m, transferring it to a side branch.

Subsequently, branches growing into the crown or crossing are removed. Damaged or diseased ones are pruned. The crown is constantly maintained in a cone shape.

Feeding

In the first 4 years of life (in the second year after planting) apply nitrogen fertilizers, promoting the growth of apple trees. When the branches or root system freeze, which can happen in the Jonagold apple tree, use foliar feeding with a 0.5 percent urea solution. The first time is carried out a couple of weeks after flowering, the second time after another two weeks. Potassium chloride is added to the solution.

Foliar feeding with preparations containing boron promotes better fruit set.

Disease resistance

Jonagold is an apple tree that has average resistance to scab. But powdery mildew is often affected. These diseases need to be fought regularly. In early spring, the tree is treated with Bordeaux mixture. After bud break, but not during flowering, they are treated with other preparations containing copper. The number of treatments depends on weather conditions. In rainy and hot weather they need to be carried out more often than in dry summers.

Apple clones

Jonagold is a popular and famous apple tree. Therefore, it is often used to breed new species. Currently there are more than 100 of them. They are all divided into 5 groups according to color.

These are mutants with a bright red blurred or striped coat, a solid red color or blush, blurred over the entire surface with or without strokes.

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Jonathan + Golden Delicious = Jonagold

Breeding work aims to improve existing and develop new varieties of plants and animals. There are several methods and techniques for performing such tasks, among which is the method of interspecific crossing. It involves pollination of flowers of one plant variety with pollen of another, followed by selection of seeds. This is how many varieties and hybrids were obtained, among which the Jonagold apple tree takes its place.

The emergence and distribution of the Jonagold variety

The Jonagold apple tree variety was obtained in the mid-twentieth century, in 1943, in the USA. It was bred by scientists at the Geneva breeding station in New York State, crossing the then well-known Jonathan and Golden Delicious varieties. For some reason, the variety did not become widespread in America and in 1960, after some tests, it was brought to Europe. Soon the first industrial plantations of Jonagold appeared in Holland and Belgium. European gardeners were pleased with the new plant and plantings of the variety began to spread to other countries.

In the Soviet Union, Jonagold drew attention in the early 70s, and then serious variety testing began. Around then, this apple tree returned to the American continent and became one of the most popular there. The main work with the variety was carried out in institutes of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine, where the emphasis was on determining the frost and drought resistance of the plant. The Jonagold apple tree performed well, and by the mid-80s, seedlings were propagated and brought for planting to different regions of the USSR. It is in our country that the variety has become most widespread and is successfully grown to this day (though only on private plots).

Photo gallery: Jonagold and parents

Variety Golden Delicious - fragrant apples of light yellow color Variety Jonagold - parents can be proud of this offspring Variety Jonathan is popular due to its unpretentiousness and high yield

Description of the apple tree

The Jonagold apple tree has medium, sometimes large, sizes. The shape of the crown changes slightly with age - from round to more elongated, oval. The density is characterized as average, the branches generally grow almost horizontally, forming a right angle with the trunk. Young, overgrowing shoots are directed upward. The bark of the trunk is gray-brown in color; that of annual growth is brown. The leaves are large, pointed, smooth with a green matte surface. The flowers are medium-sized, white, located on ringlets and fruiting branches.

Young Jonagold trees in industrial cultivation

Jonagold's fruits are large, with an average weight of 185 g, but they can weigh up to 220 g. The shape is regular, round, slightly elongated. The ribbing is weak, more noticeable in large fruits. The main color of the apple is green with yellowish, integumentary, often occupying 75% of the surface, orange-red, blurred, sometimes with noticeable stripes. The skin is dense, smooth, with a waxy coating. The funnel is conical, medium size. The peduncle is short, curved, firmly holding the fruit.

Jonagold apples

The apple pulp is fine-grained, medium-density, juicy, cream or yellow in color. The taste is sweet and sour, tart with a pleasant, strongly noticeable fruity aroma. When fresh, the fruits have the highest tasting score - 5 points; during storage, the taste deteriorates slightly to 4.6–4.8 points. Harvesting maturity occurs in late September - early October.

Appearance and a cut of Jonagold apples

Video: all about the Jonagold apple tree

Characteristics of the variety

Like any other plant, Jonagold has its positive and negative traits.

Problematic characteristics that slightly alarm gardeners when choosing a variety are:

triploid type of apple tree, when at least two pollinators are required for full pollination, but the plant itself cannot be a pollinator;
low adaptability, as a result, poor winter hardiness: the apple tree is difficult to rebuild when normal conditions change to more difficult ones;
resistance to scab and powdery mildew is average, but unfavorable conditions there is a high risk of severe damage to trees, which requires, regardless of weather factors, constant preventive treatments.

These qualities undoubtedly make it difficult to grow a Jonagold apple tree, but, of course, they should not be considered key. This variety has many qualities that have made it famous and popular in many regions. Among them it is necessary to highlight:

good yield - average, recorded in industrial cultivation - 225 c/ha;
high drought and heat resistance of plants, increased temperature has almost no effect on the general condition of the tree;
early fruiting - fruiting begins from the third year after planting, at the age of 6 years the harvest is 10–15 kg;
ability to long-term storage- if appropriate conditions are met, the collected fruits are stored for about eight months;
versatility of using fruits both fresh and after processing, in home and industrial conditions;
excellent transportability of fruits - losses during transportation are minimal;
Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, these are large, one-dimensional, smooth apples with excellent taste and attractive appearance.

Jonagold apples look amazing before picking

Some features of growing Jonagold apple trees

How successfully Jonagold will grow should be considered immediately when planting a tree.

You need to start with choosing a place and preparation landing pit. There should be no drafts at the planting site, the groundwater level should be no closer than 1.5 m from the ground surface. The acid reaction of the soil should be neutral, at a level of 5.5–6.5 pH (if it does not correspond, take the necessary measures). Prepare the pit at least 3-4 weeks before the expected planting date and add the required amount of fertilizer - 2 buckets of organic matter (compost, humus, etc.).

When planting several trees, the distance between them should not be less than 4.5 m. You should immediately determine the presence of pollinators. Within a radius of 20 m there must be at least two different varieties of apple trees of the same flowering period as Jonagold. If this condition is not met, the harvested harvest is unlikely to exceed 25–30% of the potential. Best neighbors You can name Idared, Elstar, Champion, the parent varieties Jonathan and Golden Delicious, as well as any of the many clones of Jonagold.

Optimal time considered early for disembarkation autumn period, although it is possible spring planting. Planting the plant in the fall ensures compaction of the soil around the roots and overall survival of the root system before the winter cold.

There are no difficulties when forming the crown of a tree. For a planted seedling, the central conductor above the upper skeletal branch should be cut off and a sparse tiered form should be formed, removing thickening and damaged shoots.

During the growth process, Jonagold does not have a great need for fertilizing; autumn mulching with humus is sufficient - 1 bucket per square meter. m of tree trunk circle. If the soil is depleted, it is advisable to spring feeding nitroammophoska at the rate of 50 g/m2 of the tree trunk circle. Treatment after flowering with boron-containing preparations improves fruit set.

Given the low resistance to powdery mildew, protective procedures must be carried out constantly, without even waiting for signs of the disease to appear. Before the buds open, the tree should be treated with 3% Bordeaux mixture (per 10 liters of water - 0.3 kg of copper sulfate and 0.4 kg of quicklime) or DNOC (strictly following the instructions for use). Before flowering and immediately after it, spray with copper-containing fungicides. In humid and damp weather, treatments should be carried out approximately once every two weeks, preferably changing the preparations; in dry weather, one spray per month is sufficient.

Jonagold trees are difficult to tolerate severe frosts and sudden temperature changes, so at a young age the plant needs to be covered for the winter. As long as the size of the apple tree allows, you need to completely wrap the trunk and branches with insulating materials. Both natural materials (straw, dry corn and sunflower plants, burlap, etc.) and synthetic materials (roofing felt, plastic film, roofing felt, etc.) are used as insulation. It is preferable to use natural ones - the air circulates more freely and it is much easier for the plant to breathe; when the temperature changes, condensation does not form on the branches.

Complete covering of trees for the winter with synthetic material

These are perhaps the main points that you should pay attention to when growing the Jonagold variety.

Such delicious fruits proper care apple tree Jonagold gives

Sometimes you don't have to be experienced gardener to accurately recognize what type of apple is in front of your eyes. Simply because the popularity of some varieties is off the charts due to their high consumer qualities. The topic of this article: an apple tree variety that is extremely drought-resistant and unpretentious in cultivation - “Jonagold”, as well as its best clones.

The “Jonagold” variety first appeared back in 1943 and was bred by breeders from New York after successfully crossing the “Jonathan” and “Golden Delicious” varieties. In 1960, the variety moved to Europe, finding a new home in the gardens of Belgium and the Netherlands, since the Americans did not see much benefit in the development and cultivation of “Jonagold”. Large-scale production research on the apple tree began in the 70-80s of the last century in the forest-steppe and steppe of Ukraine. Actually, it was on the territory of the former USSR that the variety revealed its potential and became one of the most popular fruit species.

Description and characteristics of the variety

The description should start with how the tree will look in the garden most of the time. The apple tree is vigorous, decorated with a wide oval crown while the tree is young, and later becomes spherical. Skeletal branches are at a wide angle relative to the trunk. The variety bears fruit on fruit twigs, ringlets, and annual growth.

The fruits are quite large (average size about 180-200 g), slightly conical, one-dimensional. There is ribbing near the calyx, especially noticeable in large apples. The peel is medium thick, dense and smooth with a pronounced waxy coating. The main color of the fruit is green-yellow, the outer color is an orange-red “blush”. The pulp is yellow, dense and juicy, sweet and sour with a clearly visible astringency. Ripeness occurs in mid-September.

The variety is distinguished by its versatility of use and high shelf life: in storage, apples retain their taste until February, in the refrigerator - until mid-April.

The apple tree bears its first fruits in the third year after planting. During the pollination period they interact well with the varieties “Idared”, “Gloucester”, “Jonathan”, “Champion”. The variety does not have good winter hardiness and has low immunity to powdery mildew. But it is quite resistant to scab.

Since the “Jonagold” variety is very popular all over the world, it has developed numerous clones (there are more than 100 species in total), usually distinguished by a more intense color. They are conventionally divided into 5 groups according to color:

Bright red skin, with a spotted, somewhat blurred blush - “Wilmuta”, “New Jonagold”.
Bright red skin, with a blurred top coat - “Jonika”, “Jonagold King”, “Nicobel”.
Dark red skin - “Novayo”.
Dark red skin, with a blurred blush - “Jonagored”, “Decosta”, “Romagold”.
Dark red skin with a uniform blush - “Jomured”, “Rubinstar”.

Among them, the “Decosta” variety stands out, which in morphological parameters is practically no different from its ancestor. A significant difference lies in the color of the fruits - by mid-August the fruits are covered with a dark red blush, and by full ripening they reach a rich red color. “Decosta” ripens several days earlier than Jonagold.

Where does it grow?

You can find “Jonagold” and its descendant “Decosta” in any region with moderately cold winters, since at low temperatures apple trees receive too much damage, which negatively affects the yield of the variety. That is, it will not be possible to grow them in the northern regions.

Given the average resistance to drought, favorable growing regions will be those where the climate is temperate and warm. Although with proper care and proper preparation By winter, apple trees can be grown in central Russia.

Planting and care

Apple trees prefer sunny open spaces without drafts. The soil should be fertile, loose, with neutral acidity. Planting is carried out both in spring and autumn (before the first frost). The planting scheme is standard: holes are about 70 cm deep, about 1 m wide, there should be at least 4-5 m of free space between the trees.

Despite their drought resistance, trees need regular and abundant watering, at least 25-30 liters of water every week. They perform well mineral supplements throughout the year, and organic fertilizers in spring and autumn. For the winter, it is advisable to mulch the tree trunk circle with humus or peat mixed with sawdust.

Diseases and pests

Among the diseases, the most dangerous for apple trees, including Jonagold trees, are scab and powdery mildew.

Scab is a fungal disease that appears on leaves and shoots as light, as if discolored, spots. After some time, the spots become covered with an olive-brown coating, grow and eventually turn black. Subsequently, all parts of the tree become infected, and it gradually begins to fade. Young trees affected by scab produce a harvest, but the apples are deformed and often have a poor taste.

Powdery mildew is another fungal disease that appears on the green part of the tree in the form of a powdery coating. white(fungal spores). Over time, the fungus spreads and the spots on the leaves and petioles (spread from bottom to top) become brown. The affected areas wither and subsequently die. The infection spreads quite quickly to neighboring plants, so prompt treatment is required.

Jonagold is an American apple tree with late-winter ripening fruits. Obtained in 1943 at the Geneva breeding station (New York, USA) by crossing 2 varieties - x. In the early 1970s, the variety was sent to undergo initial testing, and since the mid-1980s, it has undergone extensive production testing in plantings belonging to scientific institutions in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine. In the territory of southern Polesie, this apple tree was tested mainly on frost-resistant skeleton-forming plants. It is worth noting that initially the new variety did not arouse much interest among American breeders and its trials were completed in the United States back in 1953. In the 1960s, Jonagold was brought to European countries (Belgium, the Netherlands), where its first large plantings appeared. And only after the active spread of the apple tree throughout Europe in their homeland they remembered it. The variety began to be distributed on the territory of the Soviet Union in the 1970s, and in the 1980s it was grown in all republics of the USSR. The popularity of this apple tree throughout the world has not faded to this day; its share in the world market accounts for a significant volume of apple sales.

Winter hardiness is low (below average): trees very unfavorably tolerate the change from normal winter to extreme winter for a particular region. In the conditions of the Crimea, the Steppe and the western Forest-Steppe, the trees can withstand the winters usual for these regions well with decent agrotechnical care on M.9 and MM.106 rootstocks, while forming quite high yields. In extreme winters, trees suffer significant damage, take a long time and are not fully restored, and yields are noticeably reduced. So, for example, in the conditions of southern Polesie Ukraine, in the harsh winter of 1986 - 1987. Trees aged 6 years on M.3 froze by 3.0 - 4.0 points when the air temperature dropped to minus 35.9 °C. In the spring, the condition of the trees was assessed at 2.0 - 3.0 points: the wood of the skeletal and semi-skeletal branches was brown, the proportion of damaged bark on the trunk reached 50 - 70% of the total surface, up to 65% of the fruit formations were frozen, loss of some semi-skeletal branches and shoots was observed grew very weakly. Subsequently (from 1987 to 1992), the frozen trees never fully recovered, bringing low yields (from 7 to 18 kg/tree). In 1993, these trees were uprooted.

The resistance of the Jonagold apple tree to scab is average, and to powdery mildew - low.

The obvious advantages of the variety are: large, very beautiful fruits with excellent taste; high rates of productivity, early fruiting and keeping quality; the possibility of various uses of fruits for culinary and industrial purposes.

Significant disadvantages include: insufficiently high level of winter hardiness and resistance to major diseases.

1. Mutants with a bright red striped (hatched)-spotted-blurred blush: Vilmuta ( Wilmuta), New Jonagold ( New Jonagold) etc.
2. Mutants with a bright red blurred cover color: Jonica ( Jonica), Jonagold King ( Jonagold King), Nicobel ( Nicobel), Goldpurple ( Goldpurpur) etc.

3. Mutants with average fruit color between bright red and dark red: Novayo ( Navajo).
4. Mutants with a dark red blush blurred over the entire surface of the fruit, against which strokes may appear: Jonagored (Jonagored), Jonagold Decosta (Jonagold Decosta), Romagold ( Romagold).
5. Mutants with a uniform dark red blush blurred over the entire surface of the fruit: Jomured (Jomured), Marnika ( Marnica), Rubinstar ( Rubinstar).

Apple trees of the Jonagold variety are very popular not only among Russian gardeners, but also abroad. Fruit trees of this variety have average resistance to scab and low resistance to powdery mildew. However, the variety has clear advantages, including the formation of large, very beautiful fruits with excellent taste, as well as a high level of productivity, early fruiting of trees and keeping quality of apples. In addition, the variety is widely used in cooking and has also proven itself for production purposes.

Description of the variety

A feature of the crown of young trees is a wide oval shape; as the plant matures, it becomes spherical and of medium density.

Skeletal branches extend from the trunk at a wide angle. The excitability parameters of the kidneys are high, but shoot formation is quite average. The main formation of fruits is observed not only on the ringlets, but also on fruit twigs, as well as annual growths.

Flowering is observed in the middle period. Apple trees of the Jonagold variety are triploid and require at least two pollinators for active fruiting. Through free pollination, no more than 20% of the ovaries are formed. The best pollinators are considered to be the varieties “Idared”, “Gloucester” and “Elstar”.

Jonagold apples are quite large in size, and the weight of one fruit can vary from 170 to more than 250 grams. The fruits are characterized by their one-dimensionality, round or slightly elongated shape with slight ribbing in the area of the fruit calyx. The apples are covered with medium-thick skin, smooth and moderately elastic. The dense covering of the fruit is shiny and has a characteristic waxy coating.

The main type of coloring of Jonagold apples is represented by a greenish-yellow color; the top coloring is expressed in the form of a bright, blurry-striped blush of orange or red. The blush can occupy more than 60% of the surface of the apple.

The best clones of the variety

Apple trees of the Jonagold variety are quite popular all over the world, which has led to the emergence of numerous clones, of which there are more than a hundred today. Usually, The main difference between clones and the original is the more intense coloring of the fruit.

There are five main groups into which clones of the Jonagold apple tree variety are combined.

Clones that have a bright red, striped or streaked, spotty-blurred blush. This group includes clones "Wilmuta" ("Wilmuta") And "New-Jonagold"
Clones with a bright red, slightly blurred outer color. The category of such clones includes "Jonica" and "Jonagold-King" And "Gold-purple"
Clones with medium-intensity apple color, which varies from bright red to dark red. Among these clones are "Novajo"
Clones with a dark red blush blurred over the surface of the fruit. The main background may have shading. Clones of this type are represented by varieties "Jonagored" « Jonagold-Decosta", and "Romagold"
Clones that have a uniform dark red blush spread over the entire surface of the fruit. These clones include "Jomured", and "Marnica" And "Rubin-star"

Apple tree "Jonagold": features of the variety (video)

The nutritional value

The pulp of the fruit is yellow in color, dense in consistency, and has high juiciness. Crispy fruits have a harmonious sour-sweet taste with some astringency. The taste qualities received a tasting score of 4.6–4.8 points, which makes this variety very worthy for fresh consumption.

Apples of the Jonagold variety are a universal fruit. They can be used fresh, as well as for preservation, namely the production of juices, compotes, and purees. The variety is in demand for the preparation of dry powders for baby food, as well as as a raw material for preserves, jams and desserts.

Indicators of the energy value of apple tree fruits of the Jonagold variety are as follows:

the amount of protein is about 0.5 grams or ~2 kcal;
the amount of fat is about 0.5 grams or ~5 kcal;
the amount of carbohydrates is about 12 grams or ~48 kcal.

Rules for planting and care

There are some rules for planting apple tree seedlings of the Jonagold variety.:

apple trees can be planted not only in spring, but also in autumn, before frost sets in;
planting soil should be loose and as fertile as possible;
the Jonagold variety is very responsive to sunlight, so the planting area should be as exposed to sunlight as possible;
planting is carried out in pre-prepared planting holes, the diameter of which must be at least one meter and the depth - 70 centimeters;
the bottom of the planting hole must be loosened, and the fertile layer cannot be less than one spade bayonet;
fertile soil it is advisable to enrich mineral fertilizers;
the seedling is installed in such a way that the grafting site is five centimeters higher than the ground level;
root system the plants should be carefully straightened and then covered with fertile soil;
It is necessary to carefully compact the soil and generously spill the apple trees with water in a volume of about 30 liters for each planted seedling.

Growing fruit trees need high-quality watering, as well as compliance with standard requirements of growing technology, which will speed up adaptation planting material to the ground. Fruiting occurs in the third year of cultivation.

It should be remembered that productivity indicators increase significantly as they grow older. garden plantings. We should not forget about fertilizing, as well as loosening the soil around planted plants and protecting trees from diseases and pests.

Harvesting and storage

The main period of mass harvesting of apples of the Jonagold variety falls in the first autumn month. As a rule, a significant part of the fruits in weather conditions characteristic of middle zone our country, ripens at the end of September. Productivity depends entirely on the care provided and climatic conditions in the cultivation region.

It is recommended to pick the fruits at the moment they develop a yellow or orange color without a green tint. In addition, ripeness can be determined by the presence of a characteristic pink blush, which extends to a significant part of the fruit.

Full ripeness for the fruits of the Jonagold variety occurs in January. Apples are stored well in cool conditions basement or in special refrigerators until the beginning of spring. It is necessary to pay attention to quality training premises and containers for storing fruits. The transportability of fruits of this variety is high.

Use in cooking

Ripe apples of the Jonagold variety are sold in significant volumes through retail chains. In addition, these fruits are the basis for the manufacture of a variety of food products. Jonagold apples are ideal for making juice and baby purees. Its taste qualities make the variety very popular for fresh consumption and the preparation of fruit salads.

The excellent vitamin and mineral composition makes the fruit indispensable for children and people weakened after illness. From apples of this variety, most gardeners make jam that is amazing in taste and color, as well as jams and healthy compotes. Such fruits are also irreplaceable as a filling for baked goods.

Late varieties of apples (video)

The calorie content of Jonagold apples may vary depending on various factors. As a rule, the calorie content is about 45 kilocalories per hundred grams of fruit. It is for this reason that apples can be consumed even if it is necessary to follow a fairly strict calorie diet.

The numerous benefits of the Jonagold apple tree have made it popular all over the world. Having planted this variety fruit trees on the site, you can enjoy delicious and useful fruits many months without spending too much time and effort caring for the apple tree.

Kira Stoletova

Jonagold apples are popular all over the world and are characterized by high yields. The hybrid was bred in New York from the Jonathan and Golden Delicious varieties. The fruits are large and retain freshness and taste for a long time.

Characteristics of the variety

There are more than 100 species that have General characteristics with this apple tree. Similar varieties may differ external features and taste.

Description of the tree and fruits

The crown of an apple tree has an oval shape in the initial stages of tree development, but over the years it begins to press against the edges, forming a round shape. The branches grow wide, occupying a large space.

Although the buds open quite quickly, young shoots appear slowly. Fruits that appear no earlier than 1 year after planting usually form ovaries on twigs and growths.

If trees are planted on frost-resistant seedlings, they can live up to 35 years, and if they are planted on stilts of medium height, they can live up to 25 years.

The apples of this variety are quite large and weigh from 150 to 250 g. The description says that their shape is round, but sometimes there are fruits that are slightly flattened on both sides, with roughness in the calyx area. The peel of the fruit is of medium thickness and has a sweetish taste.

The calorie content of an apple is 45 kcal per 100 g. Its nutritional value has the following characteristics:

carbohydrates – 12 g;
fats – 0.5 g;
proteins – 0.5 g.

Sometimes the fruit is covered with a kind of rusty mesh. The pulp of the fruit has a light yellow tint and a dense structure, and its aroma attracts with its sweetness. Often the color of the apple is yellow-green with a red blush on the sides and closer to the stem. The pulp has a sweet and sour aftertaste with varying degrees of astringency.

Productivity

The first harvest can be carried out already 2-3 years after planting the tree. On average, during the first 10 years it can produce 15 kg of apples per year of fruiting. Subsequently, about 60 kg of crops are harvested from one tree each season. The apples ripen in mid-September, when a purple tint appears on their sides.

Pollinators and clones

Breeders have bred a huge number of clones of this variety. Among them, these varieties stand out:

fruits with a smoothly stretched red crimson over the entire surface - Rubin-Star, Jomured;
apples with a bright red, slightly blurred color - King Jonagold, Jonica;
varieties with dark crimson colors, on which stripes are sometimes visible - Jonagold Decosta, Jonagored;
fruits whose color varies from the lightest to the darkest are Novayo;
fruit bright colors with clear lines - Wilmut.

Frost resistance

The apple tree variety is often classified as an early winter variety, because Harvest at the end of September. If stored properly, the fruits may not lose their taste until mid-spring. It is recommended to grow the tree in regions with moderately cold winters, because... Low temperature changes are dangerous for him.

Resistance to diseases and pests

The Jonagold apple tree may well tolerate diseases and pests when applied special means and solutions. The description suggests that most often the crop is affected by scab, but this variety is resistant to it.

Frequent pests of trees such as apple trees are codling moths, apple moths, silkworms, etc. Powdery mildew is one of the main enemies of the crop, because signs of this disease can appear at any time of the year. This disease is known for causing white spots on foliage (fungal spores).

If no action is taken, the spots darken and spread throughout the tree: to the shoots and fruits. In the spring, the shoots must be treated with Bordeaux solution. During the period when the buds begin to bloom, it is recommended to spray the tree with products containing a high copper content.

Growing regions

The regions for cultivating this apple variety are quite diverse and occupy large areas with moderately cold winters. Such places have a predominantly temperate and warm climate. You can grow apple trees in Ukraine, Belarus, America, and in the central and southern parts of Russia.

Landing

The Jonagold apple tree variety loves well-lit places, so it is better for it to allocate an area that will not be darkened.

The landing site should have the following parameters: diameter – 1 m and depth – 70 cm. The bottom of this pit should have a loose consistency. It is recommended to fill half of the depression with fertile soil mixed with fertilizers.

Place the seedling in the hole. Please note that the grafting site should be 10 centimeters above ground level. Fluff the roots over the entire area and sprinkle with soil.

Water the tree with up to 40 liters of water. During the development of the apple tree, it is necessary to provide it with abundant watering and fertilizing.

Also, the distance at which trees should be planted depends on the type of rootstock: dwarf (2 m), semi-dwarf (3 m) and vigorous (3.5 m).

Care

To get a good harvest in the fall, you should carry out a set of agricultural technology measures, which includes these basic procedures:

watering. The Jonagold apple tree is a dry-resistant variety, but still requires abundant watering. This is necessary to get large, juicy fruits regardless of weather conditions. Seedlings especially require watering, as water helps them better absorb minerals from the soil;
fertilizing is useful during all periods of tree formation; it is applied to the very root and the space around it. In the area around the trunk, it is recommended to periodically plow the soil so that the air well permeates all layers of soil and saturates the root system. For the winter, it is necessary to mulch the apple tree with humus, hay or humus;
Crown pruning plays an important role in the formation of a healthy tree. It is not recommended to prune seedlings until the main part of the tree has formed. The crown is formed 2-3 years after planting. In the spring, it is necessary to carry out sanitary, formative and rejuvenating pruning, with the help of which most of the nutrients can be transferred to the fruits, removing unnecessary branches. There are several suitable crown shapes: cup-shaped, bush-shaped and spindle-shaped. If on early stages carry out pruning of branches growing upwards, more later During the development of the tree, it is recommended to trim the side crown.

Ripening, collecting and storing fruits

Get the first harvest at correct landing and care is possible within 2-3 years after planting the apple tree. In the future, the number of fruits will only increase. Apples begin to ripen in mid-September, and picking can begin in early October.

During this period, the fruits will have a yellowish color with pinkish splashes. Sometimes you may even find green fruits, but don’t worry about it. Over the course of a couple of months, the apple will ripen and acquire a reddish tint.

Full ripeness is observed already in January, when the fruit acquires its best taste and aroma.

The harvest volume depends on the age of the tree:

7-8 years – up to 15 kg of apples;
9-13 years – you can get up to 50 kg of fruit;
apple trees over 13 years old bring up to 80 kg per tree.

You can store apples in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3 °C. With this approach, this variety can last until April. The higher the temperature at which the crop is stored, the less time the apples will remain edible.

Species diversity

With various crossings of trees, quite popular varieties of the Jonagold apple tree were developed:

King. The fruits are yellow with red splashes. It has high resistance to diseases and frost. In terms of their structure, these are low-growing trees with apples weighing 150 g;
Morens is the most popular variety of the variety, with high tasting scores - up to 5 points. The fruits weigh up to 230 g and are stored for up to 7 months from October. The fruits are resistant to low temperatures and have good immunity.