- UTP cable, 2 pairs, cat. 5e
- UTP cable, 4 pairs, cat. 5e
- FTP cable, 4 pairs, cat. 5e
- FTP cable, 10 pairs, cat. 5e
twisted pair crimping for LAN needs on
UTP cable, 2 pairs, cat. 5e
UTP cable (unshielded twisted pair) for internal installation, 2 pairs (solid), category 5, used in subscriber wiring when providing access to data network services.
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1 - Outer shell
2 — Twisted pair solid
UTP cable, 4 pairs, cat. 5e
Unshielded 4-pair Category 5e cable with solid copper conductors and designed for use in applications with bandwidth up to 1Gb.
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1 - Outer shell
2 — Twisted pair solid
| Conductor: | |
| Insulation: | |
| Wire diameter | 0.9±0.02 mm |
| Twisted pair color: | |
| 4 twisted pairs covered with PVC sheath | minimum shell thickness 0.4 mm |
| Cable outer diameter | 5.1±0.2 mm |
| Cable bending radius: | |
| Working temperature: | -20°C – +75°C |
| Fire resistance: | CM |
| Standards: |
FTP cable, 4 pairs, cat. 5e
FTP cable (foiled twisted pair - twisted pair with a common foil shield and a copper conductor to remove induced currents) for external installation, 4 pairs (solid), category 5e.
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1 - Outer shell
2 - Screen - foil
3 - Drain wire
4 - Protective film
5 — Twisted pair solid
| Conductor: | bare copper wire Ø0.51±0.01 mm, 24 AWG |
| Insulation: | high density polyethylene, minimum thickness 0.18 mm |
| Wire diameter | 0.9±0.02 mm |
| Twisted pair color: | blue-white/blue, orange-white/orange, green-white/green, brown-white/brown |
| 0.025 mm x 20 mm | |
| Ø0.5 mm | |
| Cable outer diameter | 7.0±0.2mm |
| Cable bending radius: | 8xØ during installation, 6xØ for vertical cabling, 4xØ for horizontal cabling |
| Working temperature: | -40°C – +60°C |
| Fire resistance: | CMX |
| Standards: | UL444/UL1581, TIA/EIA 568B.2. |
FTP cable, 4 pairs, cat. 5e with cable
FTP cable (foiled twisted pair - twisted pair with a common foil shield and a copper conductor to remove induced currents) for external installation with a cable, 4 pairs (solid), category 5e.
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1 - Outer shell
2 - Screen - foil
3 - Drain wire
4 - Protective film
5 — Twisted pair solid
6 - Metal cable
| Conductor: | bare copper wire Ø0.51±0.01 mm, 24 AWG |
| Insulation: | high density polyethylene, minimum thickness 0.18 mm |
| Diameter of conductor with sheath: | 0.92±0.02 mm |
| Twisted pair color: | blue-white/blue, orange-white/orange, green-white/green, brown-white/brown |
| 4 twisted pairs shielded with aluminum foil tape size | 0.025 mm x 20 mm |
| The cable has a drain wire | Ø0.5 mm |
| The cable is covered with a polyethylene sheath | minimum shell thickness 0.65 mm |
| Cable outer diameter: | 7.0±0.2 mm |
| Support cable: | Cink Steel |
| Rope sheath thickness: | 0.6±0.05 mm |
| Rope diameter: | 2.0±0.1 mm |
| Cable bending radius: | 8xØ during installation, 6xØ for vertical cabling, 4xØ for horizontal cabling |
| Working temperature: | -40°C – +60°C |
| Fire resistance: | CMX |
| Standards: | UL444/UL1581, TIA/EIA 568B.2. |
FTP cable, 10 pairs, cat. 5e
Shielded copper cable, 10 pairs, insulation - polyethylene high density, shell - polyethylene, resistant to ultraviolet rays. The cable is intended for external installation, category 5e.
Cable for creating data networks with development information technologies and the Internet has become the most popular product. Computer networks surround us everywhere: at work and at home, in educational institutions and clinics, shops and banks. The reliability and quality of network communications largely depend on the type of cable used.
For example, you decided to save money and laid a UTP 2 or UTP 4 cable between buildings, intended for indoor use only. As a result, you will experience constant network freezes and data loss. At the same time, using a 25 pair ftp cable for external installation is a pointless waste of money in case of creating home network for a couple of computers.
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP 2, UTP 4, UTP 10, UTP 25, UTP 50)
Unshielded twisted pair - this is the name of the cable marked from UTP 2 TO UTP 10. Most often, this type of cable is used to create home and office networks indoors. UTP 2, consisting of two pairs of wires twisted together, can handle small amounts of data perfectly. Cables of categories UTP 4 to UTP 50 pairs are suitable for creating networks with high bandwidth.
UTP cable consists of several twisted copper pairs with an outer PVC sheath.
Typically, UTP series cables are used indoors, but there are models for outdoor installation, for example, UTP PE 25 pair cat 5 cable.
The disadvantages of UTP cable, first of all, include its poor protection from external induced currents, which exist both outdoors and indoors. In this regard, the UTP cable is suitable for use with minor external electromagnetic interference; types UTP 2 - UTP 10 are laid at relatively short distances between nodes of the data transmission network.
To organize a reliable network, it is better to use a 25 pair FTP cable instead of a UTP cable with greater protection from interference.
Shielded twisted pair (FTP 4, FTP 8, FTP 10, FTP 16)
A cable marked FTP, that is, shielded twisted pair, is better protected from the effects of external induced currents and interference in general. FTP 4/8/10/16 cables have the number of twisted pairs corresponding to the marking and are equipped with a foil shielding sheath. The FTP cable contains a drainage copper wire without insulation that connects scattered sections of foil damaged during installation or operation.
A larger number of twisted pairs in a cable, on the one hand, increases its throughput, but at the same time the effect of internal interference is more noticeable. FTP 10 pairs with different turn pitches in each pair partially solves this problem. This approach allows you to significantly increase the distance between nodes various parts data networks. This is why FTP cable is often used for network communications between buildings. The most popular type of cable for organizing an outdoor network is external FTP 5e. The metal cable on certain types of cable FTP 4 and FTP 10 creates the possibility of aerial laying of the network without the use of additional suspension systems. The outer FTP 5e's polyethylene shell makes it more resistant to UV exposure.
To ensure that the network cable lasts a long time
Even the highest quality and most expensive FTP 4 series 5e cable will quickly become unusable if it is installed incorrectly or the operating rules are systematically violated. cable network. The network cable will not withstand bending to a radius that exceeds more than 8 diameters of the cable itself. Too much bending damages the internal foil shield, and this, in turn, will noticeably deteriorate the quality of the cable and reduce the communication speed within the network.
UTP FTP twisted pair cable types and types
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Drink wine, it takes away thoughts of wealth and need,
About seventy-two teachings that stick their noses everywhere.
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After taking one sip, you will forget about the annoying trouble.
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It contains the healing of the torment of love and the quenching of tears.
And the dust of the valley, where the vial of wine was spilled, is dearer to us, [F-]
Than the skull of the world is the firmament, and purer than the Zamzam spring. [Z-]
“O wicked man!” my enemies shout to me, “don’t drink wine!”
Since ancient times, wine has been the enemy of faith, and this is the commandment given to us!”
They opened my eyes: when wine is the enemy of Islam,
I swear by Allah, I will drink! After all, the blood of the enemy is permitted. [A-]
Since the Moon and bright Zukhra lit up in the sky, [Z-]
We, mortals, have been given the highest bliss - drinking wine in the morning!
The innkeeper sells wine, but he himself, a fool, doesn’t drink a sip,
He has the source of happiness; What more good can we expect?
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I don’t know what’s my fault! Please answer me: what happened? Omar Khayyam.
Twisted pair (network cable) Definition of twisted pair, types of cables, description of design and categories, crimping diagrams, installation. http://www.site/lan/vitaya-para-setevoi-kabel http://www.site/@@site-logo/logo.png
Twisted pair (network cable)
Definition of twisted pair, types of cables, description of design and categories, crimping diagrams, installation.
Content
Twisted pair (twisted pair) - a type of communication cable, represents one or more pairs of insulated conductors, twisted together (with a small number of turns per unit length), covered with a plastic sheath. Twisting of conductors is carried out in order to increase the connection of the conductors of one pair (electromagnetic interference equally affects both wires of the pair) and subsequent reduction of electromagnetic interference from external sources, as well as mutual interference during the transmission of differential signals. To reduce the coupling of individual cable pairs (periodic bringing together of conductors of different pairs) in UTP cables of category 5 and higher, the wires of the pairs are twisted with different pitches. Twisted pair is one of the components of modern structured cabling systems. Used in telecommunications and computer networks as a network media in many technologies such as Ethernet, ARCNet and Token ring. Currently, due to its low cost and ease of installation, it is the most common solution for building local networks.
The cable connects to network devices using an 8P8C connector (often erroneously called RJ45 or RJ-45), slightly larger than an RJ11 telephone connector.
Types of cable used in networks
Depending on the presence of protection - an electrically grounded copper braid or aluminum foil around twisted pairs, the types of this technology are determined:
- unprotected twisted pair(UTP - Unshielded twisted pair) - there is no protection or shielding;
- foil twisted pair(FTP - Foiled twisted pair) - also known as S/UTP there is one common external screen;
- protected twisted pair(STP - Shielded twisted pair) - there is a screen for each pair;
- foil shielded twisted pair(S/FTP - Shielded Foiled twisted pair) - differs from FTP by the presence of an additional external shield made of copper braid;
- protected shielded twisted pair(S/STP - Screened shielded twisted pair) - differs from STP by the presence of an additional common external screen.
Shielding provides better protection from electromagnetic interference, both external and internal, etc. The entire length of the screen is connected to a non-insulated drain wire, which unites the screen in case of division into sections due to excessive bending or stretching of the cable.
Depending on the structure of the conductors, the cable is used single-core or multi-core. In the first case, each wire consists of one copper core, and in the second - of several.
A single-core cable does not require direct contact with connected peripherals. That is, as a rule, it is used for installation in boxes, walls, etc., followed by termination with sockets. This is due to the fact that copper strands are quite thick and with frequent bending they quickly break. However, for “cutting into” the connectors of socket panels, such conductors are ideally suited.
In turn, a multi-core cable does not tolerate cutting into the connectors of socket panels (thin wires are cut), but behaves well when bent and twisted. In addition, stranded wire has greater signal attenuation. Therefore, multicore cable is used mainly for the manufacture of patch cords ( patchcord) connecting the periphery to the sockets.
Cable design
The cable usually consists of four pairs. The conductors in pairs are made of solid copper wire with a thickness of 0.5-0.65 mm. In addition to the metric system, the AWG system is used, in which these values are 24 or 22, respectively. The insulation thickness is about 0.2 mm, the material is usually polyvinyl chloride ( English abbreviation PVC), for higher quality samples of category 5 - polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE). Especially high-quality cables are insulated with foamed (cellular) polyethylene, which provides low dielectric losses, or Teflon, which provides a high operating temperature range.
Also inside the cable there is a so-called “breaking thread” (usually nylon), which is used to facilitate cutting of the outer sheath - when pulled out, it makes a longitudinal cut on the sheath, which opens access to the cable core, guaranteed without damaging the insulation of the conductors. Also, the breaking thread, due to its high tensile strength, performs a protective function.
The outer shell has a thickness of 0.5-0.6 mm and is usually made of the usual polyvinyl chloride with the addition of chalk, which increases fragility. This is necessary for precise cutting at the cut site with the cutting tool blade. In addition, so-called “young polymers” are beginning to be used, which do not support combustion and do not emit halogens when heated (such cables are marked as LSZH - Low Smoke Zero Halogen and usually have a brightly colored outer sheath).
The most common shell color is grey. Orange color usually indicates non-flammable material shell, which allows you to lay lines in closed areas. In general, colors do not indicate special properties, but their use makes it easy to distinguish between communications with different functional purpose, both during installation and maintenance.
Separately, it is necessary to note the markings. In addition to information about the manufacturer and type of cable, it necessarily includes meter or foot marks.
The shape of the outer shell may also vary. The simplest one is used most often - round. Only for laying under the flooring, for obvious reasons, a flat cable is used.
Cables for external gasket They must have a moisture-resistant polyethylene shell, which is applied (as a rule) as a second layer on top of the usual polyvinyl chloride shell. In addition, it is possible to fill the voids in the cable with water-repellent gel and armor it using corrugated tape or steel wire.
Cable categories
There are several categories of twisted pair cable, which are numbered from CAT1 to CAT7 and determine the effective frequency range transmitted. A higher category cable usually contains more pairs of wires and each pair has more turns per unit length. The categories of unshielded twisted pair cable are described in the standard EIA/TIA 568(American Commercial Wiring Standard).
- CAT1(frequency band 0.1 MHz) - telephone cable, only one pair (in Russia they use a cable and no twists at all - “ noodles"- its characteristics are no worse, but the influence of interference is greater). In the USA it was used previously, only in a “twisted” form. Used only for voice or data transmission using a modem.
- CAT2(frequency band 1 MHz) - old type of cable, 2 pairs of conductors, supported data transmission at speeds up to 4 Mbit/s, used in token ring and ARCNet networks. Now sometimes found in telephone networks.
- CAT3(16 MHz frequency band) - 4-pair cable, used in the construction of 10BASE-T and token ring local networks, supports data transfer rates of up to 10 Mbit/s or 100 Mbit/s using 100BASE-T4 technology. Unlike the previous two, it meets the requirements of the IEEE 802.3 standard. Also still found in telephone networks.
- CAT4(frequency band 20 MHz) - the cable consists of 4 twisted pairs, was used in token ring, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T4 networks, the data transfer rate does not exceed 16 Mbit/s over one pair, is not currently used.
- CAT5(frequency band 100 MHz) - 4-pair cable, used in the construction of 100BASE-TX local networks and for laying telephone lines, supports data transfer rates of up to 100 Mbit/s when using 2 pairs. When laying new networks, they use a slightly improved cable CAT5e, this is what is usually called a “twisted pair” cable, thanks to high speed transmission, up to 100 Mbit/s when using 2 pairs, and up to 1000 Mbit/s when using 4 pairs, is the most common network media used in computer networks to this day. The limit on the cable length between devices (computer-switch, switch-computer, switch-switch) is 100 m. The hub-hub limit is 5 m.
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| Category 7 Twisted Pair |
- CAT6(frequency band 250 MHz) - used in Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet networks, consists of 4 pairs of conductors and is capable of transmitting data at speeds of up to 1000 Mbit/s. Added to the standard in June 2002. There is a category CAT6a, in which the frequency of the transmitted signal is increased to 500 MHz. According to IEEE, 70% of installed networks in 2004 used CAT6 cable.
- CAT7- The specification for this type of cable has not yet been approved, the data transfer rate is up to 100 Gbit/s, the frequency of the transmitted signal is up to 600-700 MHz. The cable of this category is shielded. The seventh category, strictly speaking, is not UTP, but S/FTP (Screened Fully shielded Twisted Pair).
Each individual twisted pair that is part of a cable intended for data transmission must have a characteristic impedance of 120 ohms, otherwise the electrical signal shape will be irreversibly distorted and data transmission will become impossible. The reason for this may be not only a low-quality cable, but also the presence of “twists” in the cable and the use of sockets of a lower category than the cable.
Crimping schemes
These twisted pair crimping diagrams are given for category 5 cable (4 pairs of conductors). Crimped with 8P8C connector.
There are 2 cable crimping schemes: straight cable and crossover cable. The first circuit is used to connect a computer to a switch/hub, the second to connect 2 computers directly and to connect some older models of hubs/switches (uplink port).
EIA/TIA-568A option:
| 1 | = = = = | = = = = | 1 green-white | |||
| 2 | ==== | ==== | 2 green | |||
| 3 | = = = = | = = = = | 3 orange-white | |||
| 4 | ==== | ==== | 4 blue | |||
| 5 | = = = = | = = = = | 5 blue-white | |||
| 6 | ==== | ==== | 6 orange | |||
| 7 | = = = = | = = = = | 7 brown-white | |||
| 8 | ==== | ==== | 8 brown |
And according to the EIA/TIA-568B standard:
| 1 | = = = = | = = = = | 1 orange-white | |||
| 2 | ==== | ==== | 2 orange | |||
| 3 | = = = = | = = = = | 3 green-white | |||
| 4 | ==== | ==== | 4 blue | |||
| 5 | = = = = | = = = = | 5 blue-white | |||
| 6 | ==== | ==== | 6 green | |||
| 7 | = = = = | = = = = | 7 brown-white | |||
| 8 | ==== | ==== | 8 brown |
Crossover cable for connecting two network cards directly at a speed of 100 Megabit/s (Crossover)
10base-T/100base-TX crossover (T568B)
Contact no. - core color - contact no. on the other end of the cable
| 1 | = = = = | = = = = | 1 | |||
| 2 | ==== | ==== | 2 | |||
| 3 | = = = = | = = = = | 3 | |||
| 4 | ==== | ==== | 4 | |||
| 5 | = = = = | = = = = | 5 | |||
| 6 | ==== | ==== | 6 | |||
| 7 | = = = = | = = = = | 7 | |||
| 8 | ==== | ==== | 8 |
Crossover cable for connecting two network cards directly at 1 Gigabit/s speed (Crossover)
10base-T/100base-TX/1000base-TX/T4 crossover (T568B)
Contact no. - core color - contact no. on the other end of the cable
| 1 | = = = = | = = = = | 1 | |||
| 2 | ==== | ==== | 2 | |||
| 3 | = = = = | = = = = | 3 | |||
| 4 | ==== | = = = = | 4 | |||
| 5 | = = = = | ==== | 5 | |||
| 6 | ==== | ==== | 6 | |||
| 7 | = = = = | ==== | 7 | |||
| 8 | ==== | = = = = | 8 |
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| Crimping tool (crimper) |
The white-orange core changes from white-green, orange from green (for a 100-megabit connection); the blue core changes from white-brown, white-blue to brown (for a gigabit connection, for 100 megabits they can be crimped in any order or not crimped at all).
Using a cable that is not crimped according to the standard can lead to the fact that the cable will not work, or there will be a very large percentage of losses (depending on the length of the cable), as well as situations where the cable must be completely checked to determine the purpose of certain pairs.
To check the correctness of cable crimping, in addition to visual inspection, there are special devices - LAN testers. Such a device consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter alternately sends a signal to each of the eight wires of the cable, duplicating this transmission by lighting one of the eight LEDs, and on the receiver connected to the other end of the line, one of the eight LEDs lights up accordingly. If the LEDs light up in succession during transmission and reception, it means that the cable has been crimped without error. More expensive models LAN testers may have a built-in intercom, a break indicator indicating the distance to the break, etc.
These crimping schemes are suitable for both 100-megabit and gigabit connections. When using a 100 megabit connection, only 2 of the 4 pairs are used, namely orange and green. In this case, the blue and brown pairs can be used to connect a second computer via the same cable. Each end of the cable is bifurcated into two pairs, and it’s like two cables, but under the same insulation. However, this connection scheme may reduce the speed and quality of information transfer. When using a gigabit connection, 4 pairs of wires are used.
There are also restrictions on the choice of cross-connection scheme imposed by the Power-Over-Ethernet (POE) standard, but this standard has not yet been fully approved. With a direct connection of the cores in the cable (“one to one”), this standard will work automatically.
Installation
When installing a twisted pair cable, the specified curvature must be maintained at the bending points. Exceeding this may lead to a decrease in noise resistance or to cable destruction.
When installing shielded twisted pair cables, it is necessary to ensure the integrity of the shield along the entire length of the cable. Stretching or bending leads to destruction of the screen, which leads to a decrease in resistance to interference. The drain wire must be connected to the connector shield.
Twisted pair refers to cable systems with its own structure, used for transmitting information in telecommunications networks. Connection to network devices is made using an 8P8C connector. Let's consider the technical data of twisted pair cables taken into account when creating computer networks.
The great popularity of using twisted pair is due to the fact that it is combined with different types equipment, easy to install, low cost for network formation. Crimping is done using special crimping pliers.
Twisting of wires is done for a specific purpose. Interweaving wires with a certain weaving pitch forms a pair of wires, with the help of which the quality of communication is improved. Interference from electromagnetic waves have a uniform effect on the wires in a pair, reduce mutual interference during signal transmission, and external factors during operation.
Device
Twisted pair has various technical data. It depends on the category. It consists of many copper conductors forming a pair. Conductors can be insulated from polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene. High quality cables are equipped with Teflon or polyethylene insulation. Such insulation guarantees low dielectric losses and protects conductors from increased heating. Conductors can be made of one or more cores that make up a bundle.
To make it convenient to cut the cable, the sheath contains a nylon thread for breaking. The outer shell is made of polyvinyl chloride, as well as fire-resistant polymers.
In our country, twisted pair cables are marked:
ng(A) - HF; ng(B) - HF; ng - HF; ng(D) - HF;
The outer shell is made of hydrophobic polyethylene. It is applied over the PVC shell. The empty area in the cable is filled with hydrophobic helium, and can also be armored with a special tape.
Application different colors perform identification and assignment of cable sheath. The black color indicates that the cable is protected from moisture; the orange cable is resistant to combustion. Light gray network cable is used inside offices and residential buildings.
Types
Communication cables are multi-core and single-core, as well as with a shielded sheath and without a shield.
A single-core network cable is used to run a line through the wall and is not connected directly to devices. Termination equipment is connected to the cable, for example, a socket (termination). This cable has wires that break easily.
Twisted pair with several cores is used for switching digital devices. This cable is suitable for bends and has thin cores. Multi-core cable has a significant attenuation signal, so it is greatest length should not be more than 100 m.
Shielding types:
UTR– without screen.
FTP- foil screen.
STP– the screen of each pair and the general grid.
S/FTP– foil screen for couples and outer screen.
U/STP– there is no common screen, each pair has a screen.
SF/UTR– two external screens.
Categories by transfer speed
Categories of twisted pairs are divided into categories based on the frequency interval of the signal transmission. This is achieved by the number of turns. The higher the transmission frequency and the number of turns, the higher the category.
Features of using twisted pair
There has been a lot of progress in science recently, but many inventions were made back in the 19th century. This can also be applied to twisted pair cables. Today such a cable is widely used:
- Video signal data transmission.
- Local networks.
- Telephone lines.
- Transmission of electronic signals.
Advantages of connection using twisted pair
If we compare coaxial cord and twisted pair, then better protection Twisted pair cable is free from interference due to its structural features. This is especially noticeable at a distance of about 2 kilometers. The signal is clear and clean, especially if a grounded wire with a shield is used. Such a wire is relevant in places with high electromagnetic radiation.
The line can simultaneously transmit several signals: sound, video, telemetry data. There is one limitation: the number of pairs in the cable. To prevent these pairs from influencing each other in the cable, the twisting steps are different. The more accurate the balancing, the lower the negative impact of couples on each other will be.
Installation and connection costs local network computers or video surveillance with different monitors and cameras are reduced because less cable length is required. If the cable is laid over a distance of more than two kilometers, the signal frequency is noticeably attenuated. Therefore, network cable is more often used in short networks. It is better to choose a twisted pair cable made of copper conductors rather than copper-plated steel.
Twisted pair crimping
Let's figure out how to crimp the twisted pair cable needed to connect computers to each other on a local network, or connect a TV to a hub, or another media device.
We have the cable, connectors and crimping pliers needed to crimp the twisted pair cable itself. Let's look at how two different connectors are crimped. One is two-component, the other is one-component. The two-piece connector consists of two parts and has an additional insert that supposedly makes it easier to assemble the wires in the connector. The one-piece connector does not have any inserts.
Twisted pair has four twisted pairs of eight conductors. This means there are eight wires, separated by color. Of these, every two wires are twisted together, thereby forming a twisted pair.
For a home network, a category 5E cable is suitable. It is intended for installation indoors. There are more cheap option cable, where instead of eight conductors there are only four wires. That is, the cable has only two twisted pairs.
There are many schemes for crimping local network connectors. One standard is direct connection, the second is cross connection.
A direct connection is used to connect a computer to a hub, and connect other devices to the hub. The second is used to connect two computers, or to connect a computer to a hub. It is recommended to crimp the cable using the second option. If you connect a computer to a hub, you can connect two computers with the same cable. You will not have to pinch the cable that was crimped in the first option.
The picture shows that some wires are crossed. This means that on one connector there is one numbering, on the second connector the numbering of the same wires will be completely different.
There are standards for crimping wires by color. Only four wires are used to transmit data. These are 1, 2, 3, and 6 conductors. They are the most important wires. They intersect as follows: first - third, second - sixth. The remaining wires run in parallel.
Let's look at the connector according to the second scheme. First we must cut the end of the wire using pliers. They have a special knife for this.
We straighten the wires, and unwind the pairs, straighten the conductors. We distribute them by color, as shown in the figure. We level them so that they fit snugly against each other.
Once again we check the arrangement by color. Now we take the crimping pliers and, using the knife they contain, cut off the conductors 1.5 cm long from the edge of the outer insulation.
After trimming there is a smooth, neat edge. Now let's take the connector. If the connector is turned towards you, the first contact will be located on the right, and the eighth on the left. Now we insert the conductors into the connector. At the same time we press them against the plane of the comb and against the bottom wall of the connector.
There are special guides, each wire has its own guide channel. Insert until the end. Every wire should shine. This indicates that it rested against the plastic case and was inserted all the way.
Now you need to clamp the connector using pliers. We insert the connector into the special groove of the pliers and clamp it.
This clamps the comb of contacts on the wires, and on the other side the insulation is clamped. This is a properly crimped RJ-45 connector, done correctly. Now it is almost impossible to remove it.
Crimping a two-piece connector
Now let's look at how a two-piece connector is crimped. We also clean the insulation, straighten the wires, and straighten them. If the nylon thread located in the insulation interferes, then it can be cut off.
The first wire should not be white-orange, but white-green. All wire colors are selected according to the above diagram. All operations are the same, just different colors. Another difference is that to make it easier to crimp the contacts, there is a plastic insert. It has a small ledge that we place upward. We cut the wires straight and insert the wires into this insert.
The peculiarity of this connector is that it is difficult to insert the wires into the insert. But it’s convenient because it holds the wire, keeps the order and numbering of the wires. Now we cut the wires again, making a smooth edge at a distance of 5 mm from the insert.
Now we also put on the connector, but there is no need to press the plastic.
Insert the wires with the insert all the way. Now we insert the connector with the wires into the crimping pliers and also clamp it.
Our connector is crimped. We received a small patch cord for connecting two computers, or connecting a computer to a hub.
