Building a house is one of the main responsibilities of a man (after that, planting a tree and giving birth to a child). Everyone dreams of living in their own home. But, for this you will have to make a lot of effort, spend a certain amount of money and time, especially if you do construction works on one's own. Another problem is the choice of material for construction. At the moment, there are so many raw materials for work that you can break your head. You have to choose, analyzing the pros and cons of the material, the purpose of constructing the building, climate, available funds, etc. As practice has shown, one of the best materials Wood concrete is used for the construction of a residential building. It is practical, lightweight, durable, durable and environmentally friendly pure material, which is based on sawdust and Portland cement. Houses made of wood concrete blocks are distinguished by their energy intensity, because the heat conductivity of wood concrete is 0.07-0.16, depending on the density. Living in such a house is warm and cozy.
In this article we will look at how to build a house from arbolite blocks, the stages of doing the work yourself and some recommendations for constructing a foundation and laying walls. The article contains supporting videos.
Tools for getting the job done
You won't be able to build a house without suitable tools and materials. They must be prepared in advance and be in good condition. The list is as follows:
- shovel, stone-cutting saw.
- level, tape measure, plumb line;
- stakes and long rope;
- reinforcement bars Ø14 mm;
- solution container;
- trowel, notched trowel or trowel for laying blocks;
- rubber mallet;
- fishing line for leveling blocks.
Now you can start building a house from wood concrete blocks.
Stage 1 of construction - design
Every developer knows that the construction of any building begins with drawing up a project. However, this procedure is the first in any type of work. Projects are needed for orientation so that construction proceeds quickly and according to plan. Such a plan must be drawn up in advance and approved by the district administration. It should include details of the entire construction of the house. You can say - this is a map by which you will know what to do.
The plan should include drawings of the house, its size, number of storeys, material, layout, communications, etc. Projects for a house made of wood concrete sides can be obtained in several ways:
- Order a specialist designer (the most expensive option).
- Buy the project on special sites.
- Free download.
Regarding point 3, be careful, since free projects may not always be of high quality. And this, in turn, will affect the entire construction. A well-drawn plan can include the approximate cost of each material, its quantity and the approximate costs of building a house.
When your project is ready, you can purchase all the necessary materials and begin construction!
Stage 2 of construction - foundation installation
The basis of any building is the foundation. It is he who is the guarantor of the reliability and durability of the building. Due to the fact that arbolite blocks are quite lightweight material, the construction of a reinforced foundation is not required. This allows you to save some money. The type of foundation can be different:
- pile;
- tiled;
- tape shallow;
- columnar.
The most commonly used type of foundation for an arbolite house is a strip foundation that follows the design of all walls.
Let's look at the sequence of work on its construction:
- Preparation and marking of the site. The site must be cleared of everything unnecessary: garbage, old things, bushes, etc. Based on the project, markings are made on the ground with rope and stakes and the top fertile layer of soil is removed.
- Digging a pit. The recommended trench width is 30 - 40 cm, depth - 60 cm (depending on the soil). These dimensions must be taken into account when marking and done correctly.
- Leveling the walls and bottom of the trench.
- Sand cushion installation. Compacted with 5-10 soy sand and a 5 cm layer of crushed stone.
- Construction of formwork. Its height can be 30 cm, but if you live in an area with a harsh climate, we recommend making a base of 50 cm.
- At this stage, communications can be laid while the concrete has not yet been poured.
- Manufacturing of reinforcement frame. In order for the foundation to be strong, you need to do reinforcing mesh(reinforcement Ø14 mm) and place it in the pit.
- Pouring concrete. There are 2 options for the development of events: prepare concrete yourself or order ready mixture. The pit is filled with concrete. After which the finished foundation is leveled with a trowel.
Now it takes time, as the concrete must dry completely. This takes about a month. The formwork can be removed on the 10th day. The foundation surface must be protected from external factors. To prevent it from collapsing, cover it with polyethylene.
note! To prevent the foundation from cracking, periodically spray the surface with water to moisten it.
Now your foundation is ready. You can begin building the walls of a wood concrete house. You can buy blocks or make them yourself.
Stage 3 of construction - laying walls
Before starting masonry, it is necessary to ensure the foundation is waterproofed. To do this, it is covered with bitumen mastic or 1-2 layers of roofing material are spread on the surface. This way the foundation and walls will be protected from destructive moisture, and construction will not be in vain.
Advice ! To correctly calculate the number of wood concrete blocks for the masonry of a house, use a special calculator.
All that is required is to enter into the form the dimensions of the block, the thickness and height of the walls, the perimeter and thickness of the mortar when laying. Then you will know the amount of material required.
Laying walls is a responsible undertaking. They must be perfectly smooth and strong. It will be easier for those who have already done masonry with brick or other material. Working with wood concrete is even easier. First you need to prepare a cement mortar. Everything is simple here: achieve a 1:3 ratio (cement, sand) and add water to bring everything to the desired consistency. Make sure to prepare as much mortar as you need for masonry. If you make a lot of solution, you may not have time to use it while it is liquid.
Note! For masonry, you can also use special adhesive for aerated concrete. It dries faster and is easier to work with.
The time has come to lay wood concrete blocks. The order of work is as follows:
- Masonry starts from the corners of the building. Place the corner blocks on the mortar. They must be perfectly even, because the blocks in the corner are fundamental. Use a level. If the wall is long, install an additional block in the middle.
- Stretch the fishing line between the products. It should slightly touch the top of the block and serve as a guide for even laying.
- Now lay the remaining blocks, forming 1 row. Apply mortar or glue to the foundation and align the blocks evenly. Please note that the seam between them should not exceed 10 mm. Rubber mallet tap the block, adjusting it to the fishing line.
- It is clear that the length of the wall will not always be equal to the exact number of blocks, so one of them will have to be cut. The question arises: how to saw wood concrete blocks? You can use a stone cutting saw. Arbolite is easy to process, so it is easy to saw. At the same time, use metal corner so that the block comes out smooth.
- When the first row of masonry around the entire perimeter is completed, you can proceed to the next one. The procedure is exactly the same, only now you need to make a dressing.
- During the construction process, do not forget to in the right places make openings for windows and doors.
Watch the video, which clearly shows the laying of wood concrete blocks.
This is all technology. All that remains is to build the walls, make lintels over the windows and doorways, perform the ceiling and install the roof using the chosen technology. The construction of the building frame made of arbolite blocks has been completed. But this is far from the end, because you still have a lot of work to do.
If this is your first time laying wood concrete blocks, then these tips will help you do everything right.
Keep in mind that wood concrete blocks must be protected from external factors. Therefore, it is better to finish finishing the interior and exterior quickly.
We invite you to watch the video, which describes in detail the construction of a house from wood concrete blocks.
Building a house is a very responsible undertaking. Its effectiveness directly depends on the availability quality materials and strict adherence to building construction technology. When choosing materials, preference is given to those with which you can build a durable and comfortable home. One of these materials is wood concrete (also called wood concrete).
In most cases, the construction of houses from wood concrete is advisable when constructing buildings that do not exceed 3 floors in height. This material can be used to construct internal walls and partitions, as well as to build garages and various outbuildings.
Arbolite consists of 3 main components:
- organic filler;
- Portland cement;
- modifying additives.
The organic filler is waste from wood processing enterprises:
- sawdust;
- shavings;
- wood chips
Modifying additives are designed to improve technical characteristics wood concrete. They can be presented in various compositions:
- improving bactericidal qualities;
- accelerating the process of setting the material;
- regulating the porosity of wood concrete, etc.
Often used to make building materials liquid glass and ash. By the way, this technology patented.
The production of wood concrete can be carried out both in the form of blocks and in the form of panels. Block material used for the construction of building walls. Standard size block for construction external walls is 0.3*0.2*0.5 m, internal walls and partitions - 0.2*0.2*0.5 m.
The thickness of the panels is 20-28 cm, length - 2.3 m, width - 1.2 m. The main purpose of the panels is thermal insulation of the external elements of a house made of wood concrete.
Characteristics of wood concrete
During the production of the material, waste from wood processing plants is actually recycled. A house built from wood concrete (pictured) is lightweight, which leads to:
- reducing the labor intensity of the building construction process;
- reducing the cost of using special equipment;
- simplifying installation work.
Walls made of wood concrete are less susceptible to deformation processes during the shrinkage of the house. For this reason, such structures will not be covered with cracks and other damage.
Arbolite has the following main characteristics:
- low thermal conductivity;
- increased frost resistance;
- excellent fire resistance;
- excellent adhesion;
- resistance to high temperatures;
- strength and durability;
- absolutely environmentally friendly;
- low cost.
Due to low thermal conductivity, a house made of monolithic wood concrete characterized by excellent retention of warm air inside rooms winter time, and in summer it prevents excessive heat from penetrating into the room.
Arbolite adheres to any facing material. This will not create any special problems when carrying out external and internal finishing works. Any material can be easily attached to wood concrete. And without the use of reinforcing mesh.
Arbolite blocks or panels are easy to cut and drill. They can also be split. Thanks to these properties, the material can be quickly adjusted to size. You can either screw screws or hammer nails into wood concrete.
When considering designs for houses made of wood concrete, one should also take into account the fact that the material has a porous structure. This significantly increases the soundproofing properties of the premises. Due to the difference in density of cement and wood, which are the main components of wood concrete, natural suppression of sound waves occurs.
In addition, the presence of the porous structure of the material leads to excellent air exchange and maintenance optimal humidity. Which will help create the most comfortable microclimate in the house.
The most attractive qualities of wood concrete are increased strength and long service life. Wood concrete blocks can withstand maximum loads. When the load increases, the material bends, after which it returns to its original shape.
Thanks to the presence of additives in wood concrete and a dense cement coating, the appearance of mold and fungal deposits is prevented. This explains the long service life of the material, which reaches 35-40 years.
Among the disadvantages of wood concrete, it is necessary to note its low moisture resistance. For this reason, it is not recommended to use this material to build baths, saunas, swimming pools and other rooms characterized by high humidity.
The nuances of self-production of material
Of course, you can purchase ready-made wood concrete blocks to build a house. But there is a more economical option. It involves making them at home.
Preparatory stage
At the initial stage, the filler is prepared. Typically sawdust or wood shavings are used. The main requirement for the material is minimum size 4*5*0.5 cm. This is explained by the fact that the wood becomes saturated with moisture too quickly. And if the filler is smaller in size, then when mixed with cement it will lose its qualities.
- for 3-4 months, wood processing waste lies in the open air;
- after this time they are treated with lime mortar (2.5 kg/150 l of water);
- The chips are mixed for 3 days;
- mortar must be absorbed and dry.
The following can be used as additives to the wood concrete mixture:
- slaked lime;
- aluminum sulphide;
- aluminum or calcium chloride.
Mold making
After preparing the chips, it is necessary to make molds that will be used to produce wood concrete blocks. If you need blocks to build a house different sizes, then you will have to make several forms.
The shape represents the bottom and 4 side walls. Usually as the main load-bearing structure are used wooden boards, which are sheathed with plywood or sheet metal. The second option is more preferable, since it will be easier to remove finished blocks from the sheet.
You can also attach linoleum to the bottom of the mold. It does not need to be sprayed with water at all. But linoleum will have to be changed periodically, as it wears out quickly. To make it easier to work with forms, they can be equipped with handles.
Preparing the mixture
To make 1 m³ of wood concrete mortar we will need:
- 250-300 kg of chips;
- 250-300 kg of Portland cement;
- 10-35 kg of chemical additives;
- 400 liters of water.
The process of making wood concrete blocks includes the following steps:
- chips and additives are poured into a concrete mixer;
- the mixture is covered with water and mixed;
- Portland cement and water are added;
- the solution is thoroughly mixed again;
- molds are treated with lime;
- the solution is placed and compacted in them.
The solution is placed in the mold so that 2-3 cm remains to its edge. The wood concrete is covered on top plaster mixture and leveled with a spatula. The block is aged for 24 hours. After which it is removed and placed under a canopy. After 2-3 weeks, you can build a building from the made blocks.
To make arbolite thermal insulation boards, you can use ordinary reeds, which are mixed with lime and aluminum sulfate. To make a solution, wood concrete with a density of 700 kg/m³ will have to be used:
- 350 kg of cement;
- 200 kg of dry reeds;
- 8-40 kg of additives;
- 400-430 liters of water.
Construction of a foundation for an arbolite house
Before you build a wood concrete house with your own hands, you should create reliable foundation. It should immediately be mentioned that wood concrete is a material with low weight and high fracture strength. That's why special requirements there is no foundation type. In any case, arbolite walls will not become covered with cracks over time.
The best solution for a wood concrete house would be to fill a shallow strip foundation. It makes no sense to dig a foundation to a depth that exceeds the soil freezing level.
The trench is filled with sand and gravel. The thickness of each layer is 10 cm. A reinforcement frame is mounted on the sand-crushed stone cushion, which will make the base more durable. The formwork is made from boards. After which the concrete solution is poured.
A mandatory requirement when creating a foundation is its high-quality waterproofing. As noted above, wood concrete is afraid of moisture. You can solve this problem in one of two ways:
- The height of the foundation should be 0.5-0.7 m above the ground surface.
- Bricks are laid to a similar height, which serves as the basis for wood concrete blocks.
Home construction
The technology for installing wood concrete blocks is practically no different from brick or cinder block masonry. The process starts from the corners, after which the walls are built. To lay wood concrete, lime mortar diluted with a small amount of cement or a special perlite mixture is used.
Wood concrete walls
To carry out high-quality wall masonry, you need to take into account the following nuances:
- so that the wood concrete does not absorb moisture from the solution, the blocks must be moistened abundantly before laying;
- mandatory use of a protective moisture-resistant layer before external finishing of walls with a finishing coating;
- absence of cold bridges that lead to heat loss (they can be removed by breaking the mortar joint with wooden planks);
- during the construction of buildings that differ non-standard design, blocks of complex shapes are used;
- To cut wood concrete, you should use a stone-cutting saw or a regular hacksaw.
When laying the first row, the widest blocks are used. Largest side wood concrete is placed at the base. The thickness of the seam should be within 1 cm.
If you need to lay a pipe through the block, proceed as follows:
- the form is made;
- a pipe is inserted into it;
- the solution is poured;
- the form is disassembled;
- it turns out to be a block with a hole for the pipe.
If construction is carried out two-story house, then when installing the floor, you need to create a rectangular structure that will be similar to a strip foundation.
Along the perimeter of the house outside Arbolite blocks are being installed. They act as external formwork. Inner side reinforced with a regular board. The reinforcement is fastened and the concrete solution is poured.
A complete ring is created from reinforcement, which is a frame element for interfloor covering. In fact, this ring acts as a basis for concrete slabs.
External insulation of the slabs occurs using wood-concrete blocks. All joints are carefully sealed with masonry mortar. The minimum thickness of blocks for insulating slabs is 15 cm. If there are protrusions (bay windows), the slabs are cut off.
Roof construction
The main task when installing a roof is the correct distribution of loads. To solve this, you can use one of two options:
- device concrete screed, which is reinforced over the top layer of wood concrete;
- laying wooden beams on top of the blocks.
The second option is more common. Beams (10*20 cm) are treated with an antiseptic and laid in increments of 0.6 m. To create rafters, boards with a cross section of 20*5 cm are used. Waterproofing material is attached to the rafters.
To construct the ridge, a beam measuring 5*5 cm is used, which is screwed to the rafters. To create the sheathing, you should use a 15*3.5 cm board. The spacing of its fastening is 25-30 cm. The board is covered with OSB sheets. As roofing material one of the varieties of modern tiles may be used.
Wood concrete finishing
Tree concrete blocks have a rough surface. This ensures excellent grip on any surface. finishing material without carrying out preparatory work.
There are many options exterior finishing wood concrete house:
- siding;
- brick;
- lining;
- block house;
- ventilated facade;
- acrylic urethane facade paint.
The only mandatory requirement is that the external finishing must be made with a material that will protect the wood concrete from moisture. The same goes for interior decoration premises. Any materials can be used, but the humidity in the rooms should not exceed 75%.
Video about building a house from wood concrete
Building a house is a very responsible and important task, so in order to carry it out efficiently, it is necessary to take into account a lot of different details. The choice of building material from which a house will be built largely determines the strength of the structure and the degree of comfort that the building will have. Today, wood concrete (wood concrete) is increasingly used to build houses, which has many positive qualities, contributing to the growth of its popularity among builders. Many people prefer to build a house from wood concrete with their own hands, thereby significantly saving money.
Wood concrete composition
Arbolite is included in the group of lightweight concrete. It has a large-porous structure, 80% of the base of which is wood chips, characterized by a standardized size and uniform distribution throughout the mass of material. The binder that gives wood concrete a significant margin of strength is high-quality cement.
Positive qualities of wood concrete
- A high margin of safety and a long service life are the most attractive characteristics of this building material. Arbolite blocks are capable of withstanding significant loads, so they can be used to safely erect buildings 2-3 floors high with a wall thickness of 30 cm (the thickness of a standard block). The durability of the material is explained by the fact that it does not support the process of decay; fungi and microorganisms that are destructive to the structure cannot exist in its structure.
- Low heat conductivity distinguishes wood concrete from other building materials. The thermal properties of wood concrete allow it to hold well warm air indoors in winter and prevent excess heat from penetrating into the building in summer.
- The presence of a porous structure guarantees high sound insulation of buildings and structures built from wood concrete. Wood and cement effectively dampen sound waves due to the difference in their density.
- Wood concrete is not afraid of fire because... has high fire resistance properties.
- The porous structure of wood concrete ensures a good level of air exchange and maintains an optimal level of air humidity, which helps create a comfortable microclimate inside the building.
- The low weight of wood concrete blocks is another significant advantage of the material. This feature allows you to build houses without the need to build a powerful and expensive foundation. In addition, the probability of subsidence of a house made of wood concrete is extremely small.
- Good adhesion allows you to successfully combine wood concrete with other building materials(putty, plaster, etc.).
The process of building a house
We will describe the process of building a house from wood concrete blocks.
Foundation
The construction of any house begins with laying the foundation. The advantage of using wood concrete is that a building built from this material can be installed on any type of foundation, because the arbolite wall does not crack even if the foundation subsides. This is explained by the fact that wall blocks made of wood concrete differ from wall blocks made of other materials unique property: They have very high flexural strength (breaking strength). This feature allows you to use any type of foundation and significantly save on the costs associated with its construction. Often, when building a house made of wood concrete, preference is given to a foundation on bored piles and strip foundation.
During the construction of the foundation, one should not forget that wood concrete has one drawback - low moisture resistance. Most effective way protecting wood concrete blocks from moisture is foundation waterproofing, which can be done in two ways:
- Raise the foundation half a meter above the soil surface.
- Make a half-meter brick backing.
Wood concrete blocks should be laid on a lime mortar, to which is added a small amount of cement.
Walls
In order to independently perform high-quality wall masonry, you must consider the following points:
- A house made of wood concrete will fully demonstrate its thermal properties only if there are no cold bridges in the structure, which have a large coefficient of heat loss. In order to remove them, you should use the method of breaking the mortar joint using wooden planks. If you are not familiar with this method, then detailed information you can learn about it from numerous sources global network Internet.
- Wood concrete absorbs moisture very well, so when dry it quickly absorbs the water contained in the cement solution. To avoid this, you must either use blocks that are not completely dried, or generously moisten the surface of dry blocks with water.
- Another way out of the situation may be to use a more liquid cement mortar. In addition, the high moisture permeability of the material implies the mandatory use of a protective finishing layer, which is applied at the stage of external wall finishing.
- To build a house with a non-standard design, wood concrete blocks may be required complex shapes. In this case machining cutting of building materials is best done at the construction site using a stone-cutting saw and other tools adapted for this purpose. You can order wood concrete blocks non-standard shape directly at the place of their production, however, this will significantly increase financial costs and entail additional temporary losses.
Exterior finishing
Wood concrete wall blocks have a rough surface that ensures good adhesion between wood concrete and plaster even without any preliminary work related to the preparation of walls. You can also use brick, siding, lining, ventilated facade, wood (block house) to cover the exterior of the house. If desired, you can use acrylic urethane facade paint.
It is permissible to carry out finishing only with those building materials that can reliably adhere to wood concrete and protect it from excess moisture. In the presence of uneven walls It is permissible to use wooden sheathing.
Interior decoration
There are no restrictions when decorating the interior walls of your home. The only rule that must be followed is that the humidity inside the house should not exceed 75% because... wood concrete is not a moisture-resistant material.
The construction of the roof is the final and very important stage in the process of building construction. During its construction, it is very important to correctly distribute the load that it will subsequently create on the upper part of the walls of the building. There are several ways to solve this problem. An example is the option of creating cement screed with reinforcement on the top layer of wood-concrete blocks. Can also be used as a roof base wooden beam, laid on upper layer arbolite wall blocks.
You can build a house or an extension to it not only from traditional building materials (brick, building blocks), but also with the help of a recently revived technology involving the use of wood concrete (sawdust concrete), a material where dry wood shavings are used as a filler. According to its characteristics, sawdust concrete is similar to aerated concrete, so you can easily select designs for houses made of wood concrete, which can be considered the corresponding samples of calculation documentation prepared for buildings made of other types lightweight concrete. Preparing building materials yourself and building a house from wood concrete with your own hands will help reduce the cost of the event as much as possible, which will be discussed in the article.
Properties of wood concrete as a building material
Arbolite is classified as lightweight concrete. The finished building material has a porous structure, where wood shavings 5-10 cm long, which should be at least 75-80%, are used as the main component that imparts strength. The filler is traditionally bonded with cement using various modifying additives (liquid glass, slaked lime, gas-forming additives).
Thanks to its porous structure and light filler, wood concrete has low thermal conductivity and the ability to conduct sounds. The strength of the material is not inferior to other types of lightweight concrete, and has a very low shrinkage deformation coefficient. This allows the use of wood concrete for the construction of private houses of various sizes and number of floors. Other positive characteristics of wood concrete include the following properties of the material:
- high frost resistance (up to 70 freezing cycles when unprotected);
- resistance to fire, despite the initial flammability of the main component of the composition;
- resistance to bacterial and fungal infections;
- environmental friendliness of all components of the material;
- the ability to transmit steam, which contributes to improving the microclimate in houses built from wood concrete;
- the insignificant weight of the building material greatly facilitates the process of building houses from wood concrete with your own hands, and the low cost significantly reduces costs.
The disadvantage of wood concrete blocks, like all porous materials, is the ability to intensively absorb moisture. The disadvantage is eliminated by waterproofing measures ( facade finishing, barrier between the wall and the foundation).
A method for preparing wood concrete yourself
Before you start building a house made of wood concrete, you need to decide on two questions. The first of these is to choose the method in which the walls can be built. There are two technologies:
- laying ready-made building blocks from wood concrete;
- pouring a monolith into a pre-constructed formwork.
Each technology mentioned will be discussed in more detail later, but for now you need to decide on the second question: buy ready-made wood concrete blocks to build a house from wood concrete with your own hands or make them yourself? Now there are enough enterprises that make and sell wood concrete, so there will be no problems with the purchase of building materials. However, self-prepared blocks will cost much less, and the technology that allows you to make a full-fledged building material at home is not difficult.
Independent production of wood concrete building blocks
Self-production of building materials will make it much cheaper to build a house from wood concrete. To make blocks yourself you will need the following materials:
- dry wood shavings;
- cement (preferably not lower than M-500);
- pasty slaked lime;
- liquid glass;
- water.
The following tools and accessories will be useful:
- concrete mixer;
- construction trough;
- pre-made molds for forming blocks;
- improvised tools (buckets, shovels).
The forms are made from edged polished boards, the width of the latter will determine the thickness of the finished building material. The forms are installed on a leveled surface covered with thick plastic film(can be replaced with old linoleum).
The mixture is prepared as follows.
- About a bucket of water is poured into a working concrete mixer, to which about a liter of lime paste and about 200 ml of liquid glass are added.
- After thorough mixing, add about a bucket of cement and another bucket of water to the resulting solution.
- Now you need to gradually pour shavings into the concrete mixer tank until the resulting mixture looks semi-dry, but is evenly mixed.
The required hydration of the mixture components is determined by a simple test. A handful of the resulting mass is squeezed in the palm. With a normal amount of water, the mixture will stick together into a lump, but the liquid will not come out of it (or just a little bit will come out).
The prepared mixture is filled into molds and the mass is compacted. If you want to get blocks of increased strength, the mold is not completely filled with wood concrete (leave about 2 cm to the top edge), after which masonry (plaster) cement-sand mortar is added to the remaining volume.
In order for the arbolite blocks to better lag behind the mold, the walls of the latter are lubricated with lime paste before laying the mixture. The contents of the mold can be separated and left to dry after 2-4 hours, depending on the air temperature, which affects the setting of the binder components. It is advisable to use wood concrete in masonry without waiting for it to dry completely. If this happens, you will have to moisten the surface so that the dry and hygroscopic wood concrete does not take moisture away from it too quickly. masonry mortar.
Work prior to laying wood concrete walls
When building a house from wood concrete with your own hands, you need to take care of its durability, which directly depends on creating a solid foundation. Although wood concrete is not massive when compared with classic concrete or even brick, during construction two-story cottages the load on the base is significant, so it is advisable to pour a reinforced concrete strip as the foundation. How much to deepen the foundation depends on the quality and structure of the soil on the site and the desire to have a ground floor or just a basement.
If a small one-story building (barn, bathhouse) is being built from wood concrete, you don’t have to burden yourself with building a powerful foundation. In this case, a columnar foundation is suitable, which will provide the necessary strength of the building, but will be much cheaper and will be completed faster.
Having made the foundation, you must take care of a reliable water barrier between it and the wall made of poorly resistant excess humidity wood concrete. To do this, the surface of the base (base) is treated with a layer bitumen mastic, on which 2-3 sheets of roofing felt or other rolled waterproofing material are laid. Only after this can you begin building a house from wood concrete.
Wood concrete masonry
Arbolite blocks, purchased or made independently, have correct geometry, so their laying does not present any great difficulties. As a masonry mortar, ordinary cement-sand mortar is used in a ratio of 1:4 (cement m-400 and sand, respectively). It is recommended to make the consistency of the solution semi-liquid, since wood concrete actively absorbs moisture.
Masonry is done in the usual way. First, the corners are raised with careful control of verticality, after which, according to the resulting seams, the threads are stretched along which the row masonry is made. If it is necessary to cut blocks, use an angle grinder (grinder) with a disc for concrete or, as an option, an electric or chainsaw. These same tools will help you make blocks of irregular geometry if the need arises.
Upon completion of the laying of the last row, to strengthen the building, it is recommended to make an armored belt, which significantly increases the strength of the structure and prevents possible horizontal movements of the walls. Another purpose of the armored belt is to carry the load of the roof or floors.
To make an armored belt, you need to install low (up to 10-15 cm) vertical formwork around the perimeter of the walls built with wood concrete, tie it with reinforcement and fill it with ordinary concrete. After the armored belt has stood for 1-2 weeks, the surface is isolated from moisture (similar to waterproofing between the foundation and the masonry), a mauerlat is laid around the perimeter, from which roofing work begins.
Construction of monolithic walls made of wood concrete
The method will allow you to avoid the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of manufacturing building blocks. monolithic construction from wood concrete. The method has its own difficulties, but it can significantly speed up construction building structures, while avoiding the formation of cold bridges, such as masonry joints.
When building a house from monolithic wood concrete, you will need the same materials and tools that are used for self-production blocks (except for the form). In addition, lumber will be needed for the construction of vertical removable formwork. You can find out the details of the work process by watching the video from the series “Building houses from wood concrete with your own hands.”
Knowing now how to build a house with wood concrete, you can choose a suitable project, stock up necessary materials for the production of wood concrete and begin to implement the plan. Happy construction!
8 years have passed since the purchase of the land and my wife and I were thinking about building a house for year-round residence. It must be said that neither I nor she had any architectural knowledge at that time. It’s just that on the vast expanses of the Internet they began to consider beautiful pictures with different layouts. In the end I got caught suitable option which everyone liked. but here's the problem appearance The facades were quite cumbersome and did not suit the spouse. we even went to one of the lucky owners of this project (fortunately in a neighboring village) and asked the owner about the weak and strengths this project. He willingly shared his thoughts. After this, my wife was puzzled by drawing the facade of our house. By luck, the neighbors in the village had a team of builders with a good reputation. After talking with the foreman and expressing our wishes, we came to an agreement. The facades were drawn for a long time and painfully, the result was not slow to show. Everything turned out quite interesting.
It all started with the foundation being poured in 2009. . The foundation is made using tape technology. Deepening 70 cm into the ground with drilling 1 m every 2 m of the wall. Reinforcement in three lines with 12th reinforcement plus installation of vertical reinforcement in all wells. The tape was dug not only under the external walls, but also under internal partitions. The entire trench was filled with sand to a depth of approximately 10 cm. Formwork was made 45 cm above ground level. (now they would probably make it higher - 60 cm) at the highest place. while in the lowest it was 120 cm. Before pouring, air channels were made with a 150-th asbestos pipe to all rooms. Pouring was carried out using a concrete pump from mixers. This tape required 36 m3 of concrete. The cost at that time was approximately 180 thousand rubles. (materials). After this, it was decided that the main part of the construction would begin in next year, i.e. in 2010. It was decided to devote all the remaining time to choosing the material.
The first thing that came to mind was wood (timber). At first there was a tempting offer for 200x200 timber, but as often happens, after meticulously studying the issue, which I did, this offer fell away due to inconsistency. We read a lot about cylindering - we were not satisfied with the rather complicated care of the material. The foreman advised against gas and foam concrete blocks. Quite by accident, in one of the popular construction magazines we saw a story about an Austrian material - wood concrete. Which is both wood and stone. We became interested and began to study the issue in more detail, but unfortunately we did not come across the corresponding topic of this forum... it turned out that the Austrian material is not for the average pocket... As it turned out later, there are also manufacturers of this material in Russia. The choice fell on one company, which is located in close proximity. We called, went to the office with the foreman, looked at the unit, found out that production (flawed workshop in Olgovo) established very close to the construction site. The foreman took one of the blocks with him to check its unsinkability, since the brigade (never!) I haven't worked with this kind of material. They tried to drown the block in the pond, but were unsuccessful and to their surprise, not much water flowed out of it during drying. After this, a decision was made. that we will build from wood concrete. External walls 200x300x500, internal walls 200x200x500. At the same time, we watched a bunch of videos on the Internet about this material and comparative experiments with gas-foam concrete. The time has come to conclude a supply agreement. Together with the company representative Dmitry, the cubotage of blocks (105 m3) was calculated. When concluding the contract, it was stated that the material exactly corresponded to the declared parameters and geometry. Dmitry said. that I have the right to return any number of blocks. if for some reason they don’t suit me. and without hiding. said that the workshop is in Olgovo sometimes he plays pranks and they argue very seriously about this issue.
But that was then, and now this workshop is independent and judging by the forum. things are not very good there..
The whole story approaches the spring of 2010. when it was decided to start construction. The first delivery of the blocks upset me, to put it mildly, because the machine arrived with an obvious defect - crooked. chopped, loose, white, gray. in a word, a complete set. I turned this car around, and both Gennady (senior at production in Olgovo) and Dmitry were immediately informed about it. (As one of my friends puts it, they don’t yet know who they’ve contacted). After that, I went to each acceptance of blocks myself and rejected the blocks mercilessly. It should be noted that Dmitry was always on my side and resolved the situation. When something broke in Olgovo. he arranged for the blocks to be shipped from another location without increasing shipping costs. the team did not stand idle for a day due to the fault of the manufacturer, but on the contrary, they rushed it with the supply of blocks, which aroused genuine interest in themselves. He did not mention that an agreement had been reached on the phased supply of material. so as not to clutter the area.
The construction of the walls began in May 2010, not with ordinary cement, which was mixed on site. STREN-S6 plastic mesh was used as reinforcement every five rows. Usage plastic mesh Dmitry suggested that there should be no rust. The masonry was carried out in the usual way with ligation of blocks. The team liked the material because it was quite easy to cut into right size. lintels in window and doorways I suggested making it using size 14 channels. In the upper blocks chain saw(which each member of the team mastered quite masterfully) two grooves were made and put on the channel. By luck, the channels subsequently closed completely window frames, which gives hope for the absence of cold bridges. .
It was decided to make the ceilings in the house wooden - beams 150x200. Because reinforced concrete slabs did not fit into the estimate for that year... The logs between the basement and the first floor rest directly on the foundation strip (it is 40 cm wide, and the blocks are 30 cm). Out of ignorance, the armored belt between the first and second floors was not made and the floor beams between the first and second floors lie directly on the blocks, half embedded in the block. Now I would probably make an intermediate armored belt.
A month later we approached the second floor. They decided to make it incomplete, the height of the external walls is 8 rows + an armored belt, which the team already decided to make on their own, since the roof is a hip roof and good support is needed. On top of the 8th row of blocks on the second floor, concreting with a height of 100 mm and single-strand reinforcement was performed. The studs were installed and two more 50x200 boards were pulled on top. Outer side The armored belt is covered with cut blocks, so that the concrete on the second floor is not visible from the outside. Internal walls The second floor, just like the first floor, has a height of 290 cm, a ceiling was also made above them and as a result, either a third floor or a large attic appeared with a height from the floor to the ridge of 3 meters. This circumstance pleased me, but a possible insertion skylights postponed for now.
Roof construction. This is a separate song. I had little idea how to make it and therefore completely relied on the team. I got the impression that even when they left in the evening they did not stop thinking about this issue and when they arrived in the morning they came up with a ready-made and thoughtful solution. As a result, a roof was drawn that crowns my building in the photographs in the album. Were made from double 50x200 edged boards four corner supports. on which the roof actually rests, and then the rest rafter system. After installing the rafters, the roof was immediately insulated with 200mm Rockwool using a Tyvek membrane. then the sheathing and the Prisma MCH. The cornices are made, but not sheathed and no gutter installed. left until the exterior of the house was finished. From the inside, the insulation is covered with a metallized membrane Juta "Yutafol" and covered with board, since it is afraid of UV rays.
I'll add a lot more here large quantity photographs than in the album. And then I will move on to a description of the installation of floors, installation of windows, construction of a porch.
