Russian poet, literary figure.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on November 28 (December 10), 1821 in the town of Nemirov, Vinnitsa district, Podolsk province (now in Ukraine), where at that time the regiment of his father, Major Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov (1788-1862), was quartered.
N.A. Nekrasov's childhood years were spent on his father's estate - a village in the Yaroslavl district of the Yaroslavl province (now in). In 1832-1838 he studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium.
In 1838, N.A. Nekrasov was sent to military service, but against the will of his father, in 1839 he decided to enter St. Petersburg University. Having failed the entrance exams, in 1839-1840 he was registered as a volunteer student and attended lectures at the Faculty of Philology. Deprived of his father’s financial support, N.A. Nekrasov led the life of a semi-homeless metropolitan poor man.
The first poetic experiments of N. A. Nekrasov appeared in print in 1838. In 1840, he published a collection of still immature poems, Dreams and Sounds, which was met with harsh reviews. The author bought out most of the book's circulation and destroyed it.
In the 1840s, N. A. Nekrasov began energetic literary and journal activities. He wrote stories, novels, plays, theatrical reviews, feuilletons. The vaudevilles he wrote under the pseudonym “Perepelsky” were staged on the stage of the Alexandria Theater.
Since 1841, N. A. Nekrasov began collaborating with Literaturnaya Gazeta and Otechestvennye Zapiski. In 1842-1843 he became close to his circle.
In 1843-1846, N. A. Nekrasov published a number of collections: “Articles in verse without pictures”, “Physiology”, “April 1”, “Petersburg collection”. The last one was particularly successful, in which the novel “Poor People” by F. M. Dostoevsky was published.
N. A. Nekrasov’s publishing business went so well that at the end of 1846 he, together with I. I. Panaev, purchased the Sovremennik magazine from the publisher P. A. Pletnev. In this magazine, N. A. Nekrasov managed to unite the best literary forces of his time. During the years of leadership of Sovremennik (1846-1866), his talent as an editor and organizer of literary forces was most fully revealed.
In the mid-1850s, N. A. Nekrasov became seriously ill and was intensively and quite successfully treated in Italy. His recovery and return to life coincided with the beginning of the era of reforms, which was marked by the unprecedented flourishing of Russian public life. A period began in the work of N. A. Nekrasov that brought him to the forefront of literature: he became a poet-citizen par excellence, his poems were filled with social content. The main figures of Nekrasov's Sovremennik at this time were N. G. Chernyshevsky and N. A. Dobrolyubov.
At the turn of the 1860s, N. A. Nekrasov’s talent as a people’s poet and satirist, an exposer of the “tops” and a defender of the oppressed, unfolded. During these years, such works as “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Reflections at the Main Entrance”, “Song to Eremushka”, “About the Weather”, “The Cry of Children” came out from his pen. In 1856, a collection by N. A. Nekrasov was published
“Poems” was perceived by the reading public as a manifesto of advanced Russian literature, openly calling for civic activity.
In the years 1859-1861, the theme of the village deepens in the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov. His poems “Duma”, “Funeral”, “Kalistrat” and the poems “Peasant Children” (1861), “Peddlers” (1861), “Frost, Red Nose” (1863) enriched Russian literature not only with a number of things that are striking in their cruel truthfulness paintings of rural poverty and grief, but also a series of bright paintings from the life of the peasantry, a gallery of large, courageous folk characters.
In 1866, Sovremennik was closed. Since 1868, N. A. Nekrasov acquired from A. A. Kraevsky the right to publish the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, which he placed at the same height as Sovremennik. The last ten years of the poet’s life were associated with its publication. During these years, he worked on the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (1866-1876), wrote poems about the Decembrists and their wives “Grandfather” (1870) and “Russian Women” (1872-1873). N. A. Nekrasov also created a series of satirical works, the pinnacle of which was the poem “Contemporaries” (1875-1876).
Last years N.A. Nekrasov’s life, spent in intense creative work, caring for the magazine, and in social activities, was overshadowed by a serious illness (cancer). At this time, he created a cycle of poems, “Last Songs,” in which he summed up his life with extraordinary poetic power.
N. A. Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878). His funeral at the cemetery of the St. Petersburg Novodevichy Convent took on the character of a spontaneous popular demonstration. They became the first precedent in history of a nationwide giving of last honors to a writer.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian writer and poet who made the whole world admire with his works.
Origin
Nikolay Nekrasov was born into a noble family, which at that time had quite a large fortune. The poet’s birthplace is considered to be the city of Nemirov, located in the Podolsk province.
The writer's father, Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov, was a military officer and a wealthy landowner who loved to play gambling, cards.
N. Nekrasov’s mother, Elena Zakrevskaya, came from a wealthy family, the head of which was a respected man. Elena was distinguished by her broad outlook and impressive beauty, so Zakrevskaya’s parents were against marriage with Alexei, but the wedding took place against the will of her parents.
Nikolay Nekrasov loved his mother very much as can be seen in the works “Last Songs”, “Mother” and in other poems and poems. It is the mother who is the main positive person in the writer’s world.
The poet's childhood and education
The writer spent his childhood with his brothers and sisters on the Greshnevo estate, which belonged to his family.
Young the poet saw how ordinary people suffered under the yoke of the landowners. This served as the idea for his future works.
When the boy turned 11 years old, he was sent to a gymnasium, where he studied until the 5th grade. Nekrasov was a weak student, but his first poems already filled the pages of notebooks.
A serious step. The beginning of creativity
N. Nekrasov's next step was to move to St. Petersburg, where he expressed a desire to attend lectures at the university.
The writer's father was a strict and principled man who wanted his son to become a military man. Son went against my father's wishes depriving yourself financial assistance and respect from the family.
In a new city to survive I had to earn money by writing articles. This is how the aspiring poet met the famous critic Belinsky. A couple of years later, Nekrasov becomes the owner of the famous literary publication Sovremennik, which had great influence, but soon censorship closes the magazine.
Active work of the writer. Contribution to literature
Having earned a significant amount of money, Nekrasov decides to publish his first collection of poems “Dreams and Sounds”. The people did not like the collection, so it was a complete failure, but the poet did not get upset and began writing prose works.
The Sovremennik magazine, in which Nikolai Nekrasov edited and wrote texts, greatly influenced the life of the writer. At the same time, the poet created several collections of personal poems. For the first time big Nekrasov’s works “Peasant Children” and “Peddlers” brought fame to Nekrasov.
Sovremennik magazine showed the world such talented people, like I. Goncharov, and other writers and poets. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky became known to the whole world thanks to Nikolai Nekrasov, who decided to publish them on the pages of the magazine.
In the 40s of the 19th century, another publication, “Notes of the Fatherland,” began to collaborate with Nikolai Nekrasov.
Young Nekrasov saw how difficult it was for a simple peasant, so this did not go unnoticed in the writer’s works. A striking feature of Nekrasov’s work is usage colloquial speech in works: poems and stories.
Over the last ten years of his life, Nekrasov published many well-known works about the Decembrists and ordinary people: “Who is Good in Rus',” “Grandfather,” “Russian Women” and others.
Death of a Writer
In 1875, N. Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The poet dedicates his last collection, “Last Songs,” created in terrible agony, to Zinaida Nikolaevna, his wife.
On December 27, 1877, Nikolai Nekrasov was overcome by illness. The grave of the writer, who made a huge contribution to literary life, is located in St. Petersburg.
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Nikolai Nekrasov was born in 1821 in the city of Nemirov (Podolsk province). The family was wealthy and large. The father was a landowner. Nicholas had thirteen brothers and sisters. The writer's childhood was spent in the "family nest", p. Greshnevo.
At the age of eleven, Nekrasov began his studies at the gymnasium, and passed five classes there, although his studies were not very successful. At that time, the young poet had already begun to compose his first poems with a satirical slant, which he wrote down in notebooks.
The beginning of creativity
Nikolai Nekrasov’s father was a despot and often showed cruelty in his treatment of others, which also affected the future biography of Nikolai Nekrasov. When Nikolai refused to serve in the army, his father announced that he would no longer help his son financially. In 1838, the poet went to study at St. Petersburg University, where he began studying at the Faculty of Philology. However, material difficulties consumed Nikolai, he lived from hand to mouth, and there was nowhere to get a livelihood, so Nekrasov found a part-time job - sometimes he gave lessons and composed to order.
At that time, Nikolai made acquaintance with Belinsky, who was a critic, and in subsequent years had a significant influence on the poet. When Nekrasov was 26 years old, he and the writer Panaev jointly bought Sovremennik, which soon gained great popularity and was a success in society. However, in 1826 the government banned the publishing house.
What Nikolai Nekrasov wrote about
Speaking about the biography of Nikolai Nekrasov, it is worth noting that mainly in Nekrasov’s works the line of difficult peasant life and the suffering of the Russian people can be traced. The writer’s language is very rich, although one can often find simple colloquial expressions, which again indicates the richness of Russian speech that came from the people. He is one of the first to combine different genres in poetic form, such as satire, lyricism, and elegiac notes. We can safely say that Nikolai Nekrasov made an invaluable contribution to Russian poetry and literature.
In 1840, when the writer had saved enough money to publish a book, his first collection, “Dreams and Sounds,” was published, although the debut did not bring success. V. Zhukovsky recommended publishing most of this work without indicating the author. Then Nikolai Nekrasov decided to temporarily leave poetry and switched to prose, devoting all his time to novels and short stories. In addition, he publishes almanacs, in one of which Dostoevsky was first published (read a short biography of Fyodor Dostoevsky). It is believed that one of the most successful almanacs was the Petersburg Collection, which was published in 1846.
Women in the biography of Nikolai Nekrasov
Nikolai had many novels in his life. His women were: Avdotya Panaeva - the owner of a literary salon, the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, a simple village girl Fyokla Viktorova.
Nekrasov developed a special relationship with Avdotya Panayeva. She was very beautiful woman, and many men of society in St. Petersburg knew her and sought her favor. Avdotya’s legal husband was the writer Ivan Panaev, but thanks to numerous efforts, Nikolai nevertheless won her attention. Nekrasov and Panaeva confessed their mutual feelings to each other and began to live together. Soon they had a son, who early age died, which prompted Avdotya to leave Nekrasov. Nikolai, in turn, became friends with Selina Lefren, who played in the theater, and they went to Paris together, although Nekrasov returned after a while. The romance between the Frenchwoman and the writer continued despite the distance until Nikolai met Thekla, a simple village girl. The poet married her and began to call her in his own way - Zina.
Many agree that throughout his life Nikolai Nekrasov loved Avdotya Panaeva, and not his legal wife, and it was Avdotya Panaeva who influenced creative biography Nikolai Nekrasov to a greater extent.
Last years
The Russian poet and writer died in St. Petersburg in 1877 from a serious illness of intestinal cancer, which was diagnosed two years earlier. Nikolai Nekrasov managed to write his last collection of poems, “Last Songs,” dedicated to his wife Zinaida Nekrasova.
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Born November 28 (December 10) 1821. in Ukraine in the town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, in the noble family of retired lieutenant Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna Nekrasov.
1824–1832– life in the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province
1838- leaves his father’s estate Greshnevo in order to, by his will, enter the St. Petersburg noble regiment, but, contrary to his wishes, decides to enter St. Petersburg University. His father deprives him of his livelihood.
1840- the first imitative collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds".
1843– acquaintance with V. G. Belinsky.
1845- poem "On the Road". Enthusiastic review by V.G. Belinsky.
1845–1846– publisher of two collections of writers of the natural school – “Physiology of St. Petersburg” and “Petersburg Collection”.
1847–1865– editor and publisher of the Sovremennik magazine.
1853– cycle “Last Elegies”.
1856– the first collection of “Poems by N. Nekrasov”.
1861- poem "Peddlers". Release of the second edition of "Poems by N. Nekrasov".
1862– poem “Knight for an Hour”, poems “Green Noise”, “Village suffering is in full swing”.
Acquisition of the Karabikha estate near Yaroslavl.
1868– publication of the first issue of N.A. Nekrasov’s new magazine “Notes of the Fatherland” with the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
1868 –1877– together with M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, edits the journal “Domestic Notes”.
1869
- appearance in No. 1 and No. 2 of "Notes of the Fatherland" of the "Prologue" and the first three chapters of "Who Lives Well in Rus'."
Second trip abroad. Involving V. A. Zaitsev in cooperation with Otechestvennye zapiski.
1870
- rapprochement with Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova, the future wife of the poet (Zina).
In No. 2 of "Notes of the Fatherland" chapters IV and V of the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" are published, and in No. 9 - the poem "Grandfather" with a dedication to Zinaida Nikolaevna.
1875 – election of Nekrasov as a fellow chairman of the Literary Fund. Work on the poem "Contemporaries", the appearance of the first part ("Anniversaries and Triumphants") in No. 8 of "Notes of the Fatherland". The beginning of the last illness.
1876
– work on the fourth part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”.
Poems “To the Sowers”, “Prayer”, “Soon I will become prey to decay”, “Zine”.
1877
– at the beginning of April – the book “Last Songs” will be published.
April 4 – wedding at home with Zinaida Nikolaevna.
April 12 – surgery.
Beginning of June - meeting with Turgenev.
In August - Farewell letter from Chernyshevsky.
December – last poems (“Oh, Muse! I’m at the door of the coffin”).
Died December 27, 1877 (January 8 1878- according to the new style) in St. Petersburg. He was buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.
(453 words) Nikolai Nekrasov cannot be attributed to a single profession; in his work he was multifaceted: he was fond of prose, poetry, and journalism. Therefore, his personality is very multifaceted, and life path– thorny and varied.
The writer was born on November 28, 1821 in the Podolsk province in the city of Nemirov. His parents - Alexey Nekrasov and Elena Zakrevskaya - had different social status and financial situation, so their marriage was not blessed by their parents. However, this did not stop them from creating big family, in which the future writer and 13 other children were born.
Life in the house could not be called carefree and happy. The cruelty and despotism of the father ran counter to the tenderness and complaisance of the mother, conflicts arose that left a mark on the life and work of the poet.
Youth and education
Nekrasov's education began at the age of 11 with admission to the gymnasium. Within a couple of years, he begins to compose his first satirical poems. However, the gymnasium did not accept such creativity, so in 1837 Nekrasov was forced to leave the institution and move to St. Petersburg.
There the writer faced a choice: education or military service. Nekrasov's father, being a military man himself, insisted on a military career and gave his son an ultimatum - either military service or deprivation financial assistance. My son chose education. As promised, the poet lost financial support and, moreover, did not enter the university. Then he became a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology.
History of success
Finding himself in a difficult financial situation, Nekrasov is forced to find ways to ensure his existence. So he begins to write petitions and complaints to order in order to have at least some funds.
After such a difficult period of life, luck still smiles on the poet. In 1846, Nekrasov, together with his friend I. Panaev, bought the Sovremennik magazine, where I. Goncharov, I. Turgenev, F. Dostoevsky and others began their journey. The unstable situation in the country, changes in the censorship format and the assassination of Emperor Alexander II inexorably led the magazine to closure.
The author's next refuge was Otechestvennye zapiski. During this period, the famous works of the writer were published - “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Russian Women”, “Grandfather”, in which the author raises such actual problems like devotion, love for the Motherland, the values of freedom and happiness.
Personal life
Three women left their mark in the writer’s personal life. Most strong love, it is believed that he had affection for Ivan Panaev’s wife, Avdotya Panaeva. The couple Avdotya and Nikolai had a son, who soon died. After this tragedy, the lovers separated. Then Nekrasov went to Paris with actress Celine Lefren, but after some time he left her and returned to his homeland.
Later, a simple village girl Fyokla Viktorova appears in his life, who becomes his only legal wife.
Death
In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with a serious illness - intestinal cancer. In 1877, on January 8, the writer dies in the city of St. Petersburg.
Nikolai Nekrasov made a truly significant contribution to Russian literature. As a witness to peasant life, he was able to describe the events taking place in the country as truthfully as possible. Thanks to this, he received the unofficial status of the writer closest to the people.
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