Since ancient times, frame houses have been built on the Scandinavian Peninsula - inexpensive, durable and warm. Previously, their walls were insulated with reeds, sawdust or straw. These houses stand everywhere among the Swedish and Norwegian fjords, among the Finnish forests to this day.
These Swedish frame houses are over ninety years old! Who said, that wooden house short-lived? With proper construction and proper care, wooden frame house can stand for centuries!
Nowadays, Sweden is one of the most developed countries in the world. By volume industrial production Sweden is only a few percent behind Norway, Finland and Denmark combined! High demands on living standards and energy shortages, increased environmental and safety requirements, required a universal and inexpensive solution.
That's why 80% of all houses in Sweden are built using technology wooden frame. Prefabricated wooden houses, using this technology, have been produced industrially in Sweden for more than half a century by 245 construction companies.
This is what a completely ordinary modern Swedish looks like Vacation home using frame technology.
Rich people in Sweden also build classic frame houses in victorian style which look quite luxurious.
But if you want to live in modern house- frame technology is still at your service!
This is what a modern Swedish house looks like using frame technology in the Art Nouveau style, which the DKMK plant can build for you.
What features are typical for Swedish frame houses?
Since Sweden is characterized by fairly strong winds, high humidity and heavy snow load inherent in the maritime climate, frame houses are made with reinforced frame and thick walls with power sheathing. The so-called insulated Swedish plate - USHP - is used as the foundation. This slab foundation reliably isolates the premises of the house from the cold ground and is often the basis for a heating system using the “warm floor” system. Since in Sweden energy is generated by nuclear power plants and is quite expensive, heating Swedish house Often a heat pump is used, immersed in the bowels of the earth or in the sea.
Our old houses, which once faithfully served government agencies, are simply demolished. In Europe, they are converted into residential buildings and sold to everyone. Maybe we should go this route too?
In Stockholm, Sweden, a former Salvation Army department building was made into a unique two-storey house. Currently, this house has been restored and began to be used as a private residence. Moreover, during the renovation some old elements were preserved, which made it possible to preserve the historicity of the building and a certain flavor.
House area 157 square meters built in the shape of a cross, which in itself is quite unusual. Entering the house, the first thing that catches your eye is a small rug in vintage style. Then the red ones open double doors, which lead to the living and dining room, which previously served as a recreation area for Salvation Army employees.
The living and dining rooms offer significant space and good lighting. On the wall in a niche the original emblem of the thirties of the last century has been preserved. A large stove in the middle of the room allows you to roughly divide it into a living room and a dining room. It turns out that sitting in the living room, you can admire beautiful fireplace, and sitting at a large wooden antique table - magnificent view from the window. It should be noted that in the dining room it was decided to leave even antique wooden benches, which look very harmonious with a bedside table with candles and firewood standing not far from the table, neatly stacked in special niches behind the fireplace. This historical atmosphere of the dining room, oddly enough, goes very well with the modern living room, where they stand modern sofas, and there is a plasma TV hanging on the wall. This is because among modern objects you can also find elements that preserve history, for example, a woven carpet, an antique lamp and a wicker vessel in the corner of the room.
A staircase leads from the living room to the second floor, and under the stairs there are bookshelf and a small but very cozy office. The kitchen is made of metal and wood, which complement the bright modern elements, such as chairs, and antiques, such as paintings on the walls or lamps above the dishes.
On the second floor there are bedrooms and guest rooms, which are compact, but each room has its own unique design. For example, the children's room is made in pink tones and filled bright elements and paints. In the second bedroom, the highlight was the armchair, and in the third, the lamps. In the bathroom, there was also a place for an echo of history - wooden cabinets, and they perfectly coexist with a modern bright print on the entire wall.
In all the rooms of this house history and modernity are combined and harmonized, so it occupies worthy place among other design samples on our site.
Many call frame houses "Canadians", and the frame construction technology itself is Canadian. Indeed, in Canada, frame houses have become widespread, but this technology came there from the Scandinavian Peninsula. Fundamentally, the technology is the same, but different continents, climatic conditions, and, in the end, mentality have given rise to two ways of developing frame technology for constructing wooden houses.
At the time of settlement North America Europeans found frame technology to be the most profitable because wood was the most affordable building material. We can say that it was the available wood that largely determined the rapid development of the territory of modern Canada and the USA. Even today, 200 years later, it remains one of the most popular building materials, but this time due to its high environmental friendliness. Gradually Scandinavian traditions frame house construction in America they began to change, already forming American traditions. For example, Canadians prefer to live on long and narrow plots and use different finishes and their own designs.
Frame house and plot
Any tradition is always dictated by some circumstances, so blindly copying it often turns out to be pointless. The narrow plots of Canadian private homeowners are not due to their personal preference to live closer to each other, but to the fact that the cost of land in Canada is one of the highest in the world, despite the vastness of this country. For the same reason Semi-detached wooden houses are not uncommon in Canada.In Sweden, land is also not cheap, but houses are still built at a distance from each other, in the center of the site, because... this is required by the rules in force there fire safety. Most plots square shape and have an area from 600 m² to 1000 m². You can only get closer to neighbors if the walls of the house have an increased fire resistance class. Almost all wooden houses in Sweden are one-story. Despite modern technologies fire-retardant treatment of wood, the Swedes are afraid of fires, although these days large fires are very rare among them.
Houses in Sweden generally do not have basements. Scandinavians would rather build a larger house than build a basement. In the underground there is a ventilated space (60-80 cm, minimum 30 cm). It provides wooden structure reliable waterproofing.
Swedish frame houses rarely do without a garage. However, the garage is not always part of the house. It can be built separately, in front of the entrance itself, and not have heating or insulation. Like a house, a garage is built using frame technology.
Traditions of immigrants
Few people know that today's fashionable integrated spaces originate from the ingenuity of poor Swedish immigrants. Arriving from overseas, the Scandinavians first of all tried to provide themselves with a roof over their heads, and the issue of interior amenities was in the background. However, the idea of combining the lobby, living room, dining room and kitchen turned out to be not so bad. In Canada, the unified layout remains today, although it is now played out somewhat differently.
In Sweden, the lobby is separated, and the meeting place for guests is a large kitchen-dining room.
Foundations frame houses in Canada and Sweden
Depending on the type of soil in both countries, a frame house is laid columnar foundation or foundation slab. On rocky soils, the depth of laying the foundation slab is about 30 cm. Research shows that with good thermal insulation of the floor, low temperature base does not significantly affect heat loss. In any case, it is impractical to blast rock formations in order to lower the foundation. In Canada, the drainage layer under foundation slab they are made from sand, and in Sweden from gravel, believing that sand promotes the capillary rise of moisture and its transfer to concrete.
Construction of external walls
In Canada itself load-bearing structure The external walls are made up of vertical pillars with a diameter of up to 14 cm, connected to beams and braces according to the honeycomb principle. The space between the pillars is filled with insulation, enclosed on both sides in a sheathing made of moisture resistant chipboard or OSB and facade finishing.
In Sweden, for the past 25 years, not poles have been used for the frame, but wood-composite racks with a side of 23 cm. The walls are insulated mineral wool, layer equal to side racks, due to which the heat transfer resistance coefficient is at least 0.2. Scandinavians often act as internal lining use drywall. In combination with external cladding it also gives rigidity to the frame. From the inside, the insulation is protected with a vapor barrier membrane.
Finishing of facades of frame houses and roofing materials
In Canada, it is customary to use the following as facade finishing:- vinyl horizontal siding;
- thin plaster;
- clinker brick.
Non-synthetic finishes are popular in Sweden:
- wooden lining;
- facing brick;
- traditional plasters.
Canadian frame houses predominantly covered with ceramic or bitumen shingles. In Sweden - various types tiles, including cement-sand and metal tiles. Frame houses in Canada have very small overhangs or no overhangs at all, while in Sweden overhangs are rarely less than 60 cm. This is due to the fact that with small overhangs, natural cladding gets very wet and quickly deteriorates, unlike vinyl. Differences in methods of constructing frame houses
The Swedes prefer prefabricated structures, which are delivered to the site in the form of ready-made elements Houses. The heaviest of them weighs no more than 400 kg (but more often up to 200 kg), and is mounted without the use of heavy lifting equipment. In Canada, the frame and walls are assembled directly on the construction site. IN finished form Only lumber is supplied. Prefabricated houses are rare in this country.
Architecture and design
Traditional Swedish frame houses do not have outstanding architecture. Most often these are one-story buildings large area, sometimes with a residential attic. The distinctive feature of a black Swedish house is the vertically positioned clapboard slats. Facade finishing Swedish houses may consist of several types of cladding, for example, a combination wooden lining and brick. Window frames can have up to three valves, each of which is divided into 4-6 fragments. Window sizes may vary depending on their location. The smallest windows are located on the side of the house where the entrance doors are located. Modern Swedish frame houses are very different in architecture from the archetypal ones. The most daring projects feature large-scale glazing, non-standard form And internal layout. These can be two-level houses rectangular shape With flat roof, some of the walls of which are continuous glazing, open or protected by a wooden lattice. Swedish houses are characterized by loggias and balconies, verandas and terraces.
Canadian frame houses, buildings from the middle of the twentieth century already had complex architecture: one- or two-story, With residential attics, warm garage, verandas and balconies. The premises on the ground floor are different high ceilings(more than 3 m). The windows are large rectangular or square, arched and regular. The roof overhangs have become larger, but at the same time they are not trimmed from below, making it seem as if the roof is “put on” the house. Modern canadian houses They are distinguished by a minimalist design with its characteristic strict lines and the use of extensive glazing.
Prospects for frame housing construction in Ukraine
For Russia, as well as for the Scandinavian countries, the original technology wooden house construction is log house. Frame technology among the Scandinavians has completely replaced log houses, since over the years of operation of frame houses it has shown their practicality, durability and ease of construction. In addition, for frame house Less solid wood is required - wood-like materials can be used. About 80% of all private housing is built using frame technology in Canada and the USA. Frame houses are being built even in Japan, where high seismic resistance requirements are imposed on buildings.
Huge reserves scaffolding , do frame technology especially beneficial for Russia. Frame houses belong to the category prefabricated buildings, which makes them attractive to private developers, because not everyone can afford to spend on building housing whole year. A frame house is erected over several months by 3-4 people. Construction works can be carried out with negative temperatures, which is especially important in northern regions where summers are very short. Heat-saving properties frame walls with one layer of insulation is several times higher than that of standard stone ones. At the same time, savings on heating can reach up to 300%. The relatively low cost of a frame house also plays an important role. Its weight is 5 times less than that of a stone one, which makes it possible to use a columnar foundation, which is 4-6 times cheaper than a monolithic reinforced concrete one.
This section presents projects of Swedish houses and cottages, prices for which range from 21,000 to 45,000 rubles (with rare exceptions). The low cost is due to the fact that traditional wooden houses in this country are built using technology very similar to Russian log housing construction.
Features of Swedish houses
As in everyone Scandinavian countries, modern country cottages in Sweden they are built mainly from wood. Natural wood, subjected to minimal processing, prevails in construction, interior decoration, V furniture production. Some may be noted character traits Swedish buildings.
- The houses are simple in shape with wide roofs, under which residential and utility rooms are combined. Summer cuisine, the bathhouse is often connected to the main house through closed vestibules.
- Log walls are left unfinished and covered with boards impregnated with special composition, or painted with permanent paints.
- Windows of simple form with wooden platbands, usually white. There is no finishing (unlike our carvings) on them.
The Swedes build log houses from round logs; the insulation between them is placed in “closed” grooves: the top log rests tightly on the bottom without any visible gap. In the corners they are connected into a “hexagon”, so the log house looks more neat.
A typical Swedish house resembles a Russian hut from the outside, but is very different from it from the inside. Saving double-glazed windows, heated floors, several autonomous systems heating is a familiar set for such a house. The harsh climate and the habit of saving have led to the development of many energy-saving technologies that are widely used in private construction.
Finished projects with working drawings
We implement standard house designs in Swedish style created by our own architectural bureau. Almost all of them have been tested in practice, all the nuances have been taken into account during the design, and all the details have been worked out. The set of attached documentation includes:
- description with specification of building materials;
- building masonry and marking plans;
- diagrams and sections of the foundation, roof, facade, individual components;
- explication of floors, window and door connectors.
At the request of the customer, he prepares an architectural passport necessary to obtain a construction permit. A professionally developed project saves the customer from technical errors and subsequent “alterations”, despite the fact that its price takes up an insignificant share in the total costs of building a house.
The Swedish construction experience inspires us. We thought that you might also be interested in seeing how a frame house is assembled in Sweden. To do this, we translated one of the riddarebo.se blog entries, in which the owners - Martin and Camilla - tell how in one day their plot literally “grew” future home.
Early in the morning in Kungsbakka, the house kit is loaded onto a truck and sent to the site in Riddarebo.
Workers and other representatives are already waiting at the site construction company. A large truck crane is ready for unloading.
Wall panels quickly find their place on the foundation.
Our comment: The wall panels are equipped with a facade and double-glazed windows. Thanks to ideal roads and modern technology, the Swedes import and install completely finished parts of the house. This saves time working directly on the site, where conditions are not always favorable.
It was interesting to observe the precision with which the wall sections were installed in predetermined locations.
This photo clearly shows another feature of Swedish frame construction- monolithic slab foundation. In Russia it received the name “Insulated Swedish stove” precisely because it is widely used by the Swedes. The advantages of the “Swedish stove” justify its high cost:
- the ground under the foundation does not freeze or swell;
- all communications are laid in the slab;
- the floor will be a source of heat in the house - no radiators are needed;
- flat floor for any finish.
In addition to the wall sections, other building materials were brought to the site.
The last section of the wall has been installed.
Crane in all its splendor.
It's time for sharp nails and long rafters.
At the same time, the veranda begins to emerge.
The crane master has done his job and it’s time for him to get ready. Thank you Allfrakt!
The next step is a temporary plywood roof. It's fast.
Final stage day - laying roofing felt.
Before Camilla and I called it a day, we were able to sneak into the house and look out the windows into the yard different rooms. Very pleased with what we saw, we went to rest. Thanks to the entire team of builders for their professional work.
What happened next?
And this is what a house looks like with a permanent roof, a painted facade and a terrace. Modest Swedish beauty.
Check out this blog, it's very entertaining. Before finishing the house, Martin and Camilla built a garage in the same style and two interesting flower beds. They colorfully describe all processes, sometimes with humor. For example, in the photo below there is a wire sticking out of the house for the future street lamp. And a comment:
Electricians claim to be the oldest profession in the world. In the beginning, when God said "Let there be light!" The electrician was already there and ran the wires.
