Municipal educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 6"
We are for a clean city
10th grade student
Sheludyakova Anastasia
Scientific adviser:
teacher of biology and ecology
Karyachkina T.A.
g.o. Saransk
I. Introduction………………………………………………………
1. Relevance of the chosen topic
2. Goals and objectives of the study
3. Subject of research. Problematic question
4. Hypothesis
5. Research methods
6. Stages of work on the project
II. Main part. Theoretical aspect……………
Waste classification.
Waste management: collection, removal, use, disposal.
Danger of waste.
4. What does waste recycling provide for nature and people?
III. Main part. Practical aspect………………
Object of study.
Research methodology: survey.
Survey questions.
Analysis of responses. Conclusions.
What is the benefit of separate waste?
Introduction of a waste separation system.
Why is this needed in our village?
Development of a project plan:
a) Collection of data on waste recycling. Conclusion.
b) Drawing up a plan.
IV. Conclusion…………………………………………………….
V. References……………………………………………………………
I.Introduction
Relevance of the chosen topic.
Relevance of the topic It is indisputable: each of us throws out a huge amount of garbage. Thus, the average city dweller produces about 300 kg or 1.5 m 3 of waste per year. This is comparable in weight to an average moose, and in volume to three large refrigerators. Imagine how much waste is generated in apartment building. How many houses are there in our city? According to official data, 40 million tons of household waste are thrown out per year in Russia (i.e. waste from the residential sector). In total, more than 4.5 billion tons of waste go to landfills annually. Remember that the city's waste is made up of the waste of each resident. This does not include construction or industrial waste. Moreover, we throw away garbage both in an organized manner (in garbage cans, trash cans, etc.) and unorganized. Toxic substances that end up in landfills (in used batteries, accumulators, as well as in rotting and decomposing food products) penetrate into groundwater, which is often used as a source drinking water, are scattered by the winds throughout the surrounding area and thereby cause damage to the environment. Some rotting products are capable of self-ignition, which is why fires regularly occur in landfills, releasing soot, phenol, and other toxic substances into the atmosphere.
Of all the global environmental problems with which humanity entered the 21st century: population explosion, ozone layer, acid precipitation, increase in household waste, fossil depletion natural resources, shortage of clean fresh water, etc., today the problem of growing household waste is considered urgent.
World experience in the disposal of solid household and industrial waste in landfills: Russia up to 90%, USA - 73%, Germany - 70%, Japan - 30%. Increasing accumulation of solid waste leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions, pollution groundwater, which is one of the most pressing environmental problems.
Goals and objectives.
Target: prove the need for separate waste collection in the village.
Tasks.
Compose a questionnaire and conduct a social survey among students of school No. 6
Analyze the results of the survey.
Study the “Separate Waste” program.
Subject of study. Problematic question.
Subject of study: garbage collection in the village of Pushkarskie settlements
Problematic question: Will separate waste collection affect the environmental situation in the city?
Hypothesis.
At the beginning of the research, I conducted a survey, as a result of which a hypothesis was formed: if we organize the collection of separate waste in the village, this will have a beneficial effect on the environmental situation of the city of Saransk.
Research methods.
1. Search method:
Using Internet resources
- Finding information about pollution and the implementation of the “Separation of Waste” project
2. Monitoring method:
- Questionnaire
- Analysis of morbidity statistics
6. Stages of work on the project.
1. Definition of the area of study.
2. Gathering the necessary information.
3. Conducting surveys and testing.
4. Definition of structure research work.
5. Summing up.
6. Design of work.
II . Main part. Theoretical aspect
Waste classification.
Garbage separation(separation waste collection, waste sorting, waste separation) and selective waste collection - actions to sort and collect waste depending on its origin. Separating waste is done to avoid mixing different types garbage and environmental pollution. This process allows you to give waste a “second life”, in most cases through its reuse and recycling. Separating waste helps prevent it from decomposing, rotting and burning in landfills. Consequently, it decreases bad influence on environment(Wikipedia).
Today, garbage is becoming more dangerous and toxic; no microorganisms are able to decompose it. Today, there is an active search for microorganisms that are capable of decomposing plastic; it occupies a huge amount of space and simply does not decompose in nature.
Classification of waste according to the degree of danger is carried out for various materials:
Water pollutants
Air pollutants
Chemical substances
All mining can be classified into the following classes:
Extremely hazardous waste materials
Highly hazardous materials
Moderately hazardous waste materials
Low-hazard waste materials
Practically harmless substances
III. Main part. Practical aspect research.
At the beginning of the research, I conducted a survey among the younger generation, which will subsequently make up the main population of our village, since an important point in the plan is public opinion and readiness for selective waste collection. It was the survey that became the basis for my project.
Students from MAOU Secondary School No. 3 (age 14-17 years) were selected to conduct the survey.
Waste management: collection, removal, use, disposal.
In any case, civilized countries have long come to the conclusion that garbage must be properly disposed of and recycled. In Russia, despite the vast expanses, garbage is also becoming a serious problem. The Russian Duma is discussing a bill according to which separate waste collection will be introduced, and the waste will have an owner - the one who should be responsible for it at every stage, from collection to processing. Indeed, many attractive suburban areas are currently occupied by landfills. Therefore, the authorities of large Russian cities are already puzzled by this problem, starting to accustom residents to sorting household waste. This is how a proposal is being considered to organize special sorting rooms on each floor in new buildings, where each resident could separate their garbage. At the same time, the construction of waste processing plants is underway, where it is planned to receive and re-send industrial production recyclable materials: waste paper, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and much more. But, unfortunately, in society there is both a lack of environmental education among people and a shortage of separate waste collection bins on city streets.
The strategy of the future should be considered, first of all, to educate the younger generation, respect for the natural environment, expand knowledge, skills and the vital need for management technological processes, searching for new design solutions for separate waste collection and recycling, which will ensure the interests of current and future generations and preserve the nature of planet Earth. After all
processing allows you to: 1) save valuable natural resources necessary for the production of any product; 2) save water and energy when producing goods from recycled materials; 3) reduce waste generated from resource extraction and goods production; 4) reduce the number of landfills and much more. But widespread recycling of waste is only possible as a result of its separation at the place of its generation, i.e. at home, at work, on the street, in an enterprise. This is called separate waste collection (SW).
Waste use
In the twentieth century, the amount of industrial and consumer waste grew so quickly that waste generation became an important problem in large cities and large industries. Along with the large amount of waste, the issue of lack of natural resources began to arise. Selective collection and beyond use of secondary resources partially helps reduce the burden on the environment and solve the issue of additional raw materials.
Waste disposal
Some waste requires neutralization before disposal in landfills, landfills or dumps.
One of the most voluminous industrial wastes is carbon-containing waste. Modern scientific developments make it possible to neutralize most industrial waste, reduce its volume and ensure maximum safety. Today, hazardous waste can be neutralized using thermal, physico-chemical, chemical and other methods. Thus, with the help of redox reactions and substitution reactions, various toxic and dangerous compounds are converted into an insoluble form.
Danger of waste.
The danger of waste is determined by its physical and chemical properties, as well as the conditions of their storage or placement in the environment.
For waste, it is necessary to draw up a waste passport, determine the hazard class and limits for the disposal of waste in the environment, limits for accumulation at the enterprise and other documents.
The term “Hazardous Waste” is used in the following cases:
Waste poses a danger to human health and/or to the normal state of the environment natural environment.
Hazard class of harmful substances- a conditional value intended for a simplified classification of potentially hazardous substances. The hazard class is established in accordance with regulatory industry documents. For different objects - for chemical substances, for waste, for air pollutants, etc. - installed various standards and indicators.
What does waste recycling provide for nature and people?
When manufacturing products from recycled materials, the consumption of non-renewable resources, such as metals, oil, natural gas, wood, etc., is reduced.
This helps protect natural areas and the diversity of life on Earth.
Typically, manufacturing products from recycled materials requires much less energy than manufacturing from virgin materials. As a result of reducing the amount of energy expended, air and water pollution is reduced.
Other types of pollution are also reduced, for example, from water runoff during mining, soil erosion and chemical elements when extracting raw materials.
Thanks to recycling, the amount of waste going to landfills is significantly reduced. This will extend the service life of landfills and reduce the area they occupy; for example, recycling one ton of PET bottles saves about 4 m 3 of the landfill area.
Research methodology.
a) Questionnaire
To study the readiness of a teenager, students were offered a questionnaire, answering which students had to talk about their attitude towards separate waste collection.
Survey questions.
1. Do you often buy products in plastic packaging?
2. Would you agree to hand over paper to a waste paper collection point?
3. Do you have a positive attitude towards separate waste?
4. Is it possible to implement “separate waste” in the village?
5. In your opinion, would it be worth resuming the collection of glass bottles?
6. Do you keep the streets, parks, forests, etc. clean?
7. Would you agree to voluntarily clean your home?
8. Are you ready to sort your family's household waste?
9. What would motivate you to sort garbage?
Survey results. Analysis of responses.
General conclusion: It is obvious that 100% separate collection, that is, participation of the entire population in it, is impossible. Thus, in practice, an intermediate option can be implemented, providing for the processing of both separately collected and mixed waste. At the same time, the higher the proportion of citizens involved in sorting waste at the places of its generation, the lower the costs of waste processing will be.
What is the benefit of separate waste collection?
Firstly, it is caring for the environment. Pollution has a negative impact on human health, especially in modern world. In Russia, waste is disposed of by burning, and all harmful emissions enter the atmosphere. But besides this, garbage takes a long time to decompose (especially plastic). If a person leaves it in forest areas, it will deteriorate the fertility of the soil. That is why it is important not only to collect separate garbage, but also to teach order in nature.
Secondly, recycling. The more production uses recycled materials, the more natural resources we will save; the amount of emissions into the atmosphere from burning waste will be reduced; The ecological condition of populated areas will improve.
Saransk, together with the settlements subordinate to its administration, has a health index of 35%, occupying the last 23rd place among the administrative regions of the Republic of Mordovia. In total, of the 19 parameters studied, 63% of the indicators in the territory of Saransk are the worst or exceed the average value for the republic.
In the municipality of Saransk, where 346.4 thousand residents currently live, or 37% of the republic’s population, a difficult environmental situation has developed. The city's territory is located in an area of intense aerosol, water, noise and thermal pollution.
Thirdly, the reduction of diseases. Our health directly depends on the state of the environment. Selective waste collection and recycling is the key to a healthy generation.
Fourth, cost reduction. When delivering waste, a lot of money is spent on its transportation and incineration. Separate waste collection will reduce costs, because Many recycling industries collect waste from waste containers themselves.
Conclusion: selective waste collection has a beneficial effect on the environment and human health, and reduces costs, which is important for society.
Introduction of a separate waste collection system.
Public hearings;
Brochures, calendars, leaflets were distributed;
Exhibitions of works were organized;
Conclusion: This method of collecting garbage is profitable and convenient. But it is important to interest people who will support the new order.
How will such a system work? The sociological study was preceded by an environmental campaign, which was carried out at the school from 2014–2016. The entire teaching staff and students of the school took part in it. During these years we have carried out research on the problem of waste and its recycling. As part of the environmental campaign, the following were carried out:
Why is this needed in our village?
It would seem that the village is located next to the Botanical Garden, a forest belt, and a small industrial production. Why do we need separate garbage?
Pushkar settlements are a growing settlement. Firstly, the village is located next to the airport. Many residents of the village visit the city quite often and, when returning, would like to breathe fresh air. Secondly, the population is growing, and with it, the amount of waste is growing. With a population of 1,300 people, the village produces approximately 1,950 kilograms daily. It is unimaginable to even imagine how much garbage is generated per year by our population (711,750 kg). Thirdly, parents want their children to grow up healthy. Fourthly, in addition to the fact that there are emissions from burning garbage, the number of cars is also increasing. Fifthly, the village is located near the highway, with bypass roads on both sides, from which exhaust gases also come.
Conclusion: There is a need for selective waste collection. Having studied the “advantages” of the program, we see that it will help improve the environmental situation of the village, as the situation in the city will improve.
“A million for separate collection.”
I discovered this project while exploring the Greenpeace website. Its goal is to collect a million signatures on an appeal to city mayors and regional governors with a demand to make it mandatory to install bins for separate waste collection in every yard, to legislate this method of waste management and to approve rules for garbage removal and normal maintenance of sites where waste is collected.
“When we talk about separate collection, we mean solving a specific problem that concerns each of us, our home, yard, city. After all, separate collection is primarily about the health of our children, who will not have to breathe air poisoned by waste incineration plants. This is our clean yard, these are the parks that will surround our city.” ("Greenpeace")
The project started quite recently, but is already gaining momentum. We can take part in this and contribute to protecting the environment.
Development of a project plan for the village of Pushkarskie settlements.
To develop a project plan, I needed to find information about recyclable products. Also after each there is information about the reception points.
Waste paper– waste from the production, processing and consumption of all types of paper and cardboard, suitable for further use as fibrous raw materials.
There are 2 waste paper collection points in the republic on the street. Promyshlennaya-1 and JSC "Energia" - st. Proletarskaya 132, which accept different types waste paper: paper, cardboard, books (with and without hardcover), printing waste paper, etc. Each company has self-pickup (minimum - from 200 kg). As the information on the websites indicates, the price depends on the quality of the paper. There are also organizations that post advertisements on social networks.
Thus, there are waste paper collection points in our city and not far from our village, and, therefore, paper delivery can be implemented.
Household waste– substances (or mixtures of substances) recognized as unsuitable for further use after household use products end up at the landfill.
Plastic – organic materials, which are based on synthetic or natural high-molecular compounds (polymers). Plastics based on synthetic polymers are extremely widely used.
A big flaw in the region is the negligible number of plastic collection points. As the results of an Internet search showed, there are companies in Saransk, MordovVtorResurs LLC, VtorPlastmas LLC, st. Proletarskaya, 130, which accepts plastic for recycling.
Hazardous waste- waste that contains harmful substances with hazardous properties (toxicity, explosion hazard, fire hazard, high reactivity) or containing pathogens of infectious diseases, or which may pose an immediate or potential danger to the environment and human health independently or when coming into contact with other substances (law “On production and consumption waste”). One small battery, decomposing in a landfill, spoils 400 liters of water.
Recycling collection points in Mordovia: Mordovian Procurement Company, st. Promyshlennaya1-aya, 41, LLC Mordovian Ecological Plant, Aleksandrovskoe Highway 30, MRK, recycling center, st. Construction, 1.
Battery recycling – “RegionYugEko” st. Osipenko 8. LLC "Leading recycling company" st. Sovetskaya, 109
Glass– a substance and material, one of the most ancient and, due to the diversity of its properties, universal in human practice. Reception of glass containers in Saransk can significantly affect the environmental situation in the city and improve the economic component. Rational recycling of glass containers and their reuse are beneficial to local enterprises. Among them are the beer manufacturer SUN InBev, the Saransky cannery and the Saransky dairy plant.
Disposal household appliances – Over time, household items begin to fail and break, and if it is possible to fix the problem, then they can still be used for some time. What if the breakdown is serious and the only thing left to do is throw the device away? Here everyone should remember that unauthorized release threatens with a serious fine, but most importantly, the toxic harmful compounds contained in the devices, which under the influence of weather conditions will fall into the soil and cause enormous damage to the environment. In Saransk, the recycling of household appliances and items is carried out by the companies LLC Promekotekhnologiya, LLC Rusutilit, LLC GriKontrolUtilizatsiya, which have special permits and licenses to carry out these actions. In addition to these enterprises, electronic equipment stores such as Eldorado and M.Video provide great assistance in collecting and recycling equipment from the population.
Conclusion: Based on the material provided, the “Separate Waste” project can exist, since there are suitable conditions and the willingness of people to take part in promoting the program.
Project plan.
Based collected material I developed a project plan for the implementation of selective waste in the village.
Preparatory stage.
Communication with village residents. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a social survey to determine whether they are ready for such changes. It is important to attract young people who can hold propaganda teams in schools and on the streets, talking about the benefits of separate waste collection. In addition, it is these young people who make up half of the population of the village. Consequently, they will make selective littering habitual in their families.
It is necessary to enlist the support of the village administration in sponsoring and assisting in the implementation of this project.
Contact companies willing to accept waste. Find out if they can export it themselves.
Equipment of sites and purchase of containers for waste collection.
IV. Conclusion
Thus, having studied a large amount of theoretical material and the results of the survey, we confirmed the hypothesis that if we organize the collection of separate waste in the village, this will have a beneficial effect on the entire city. Thanks to it, the environmental situation of both the city and the village will improve. The number of healthy children and adults will increase.
Obviously, the entire population will not participate in the project. In practice, an intermediate option can be implemented, providing for the processing of both separately collected and mixed waste.
V. References
1. www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/
2. www.wikipedia.org
3. http://www.new-garbage.com/
4. http://www.ecoteco.ru/
5.http://nizhniynovgorod.tradeis.ru/industry/cat/utilizaciya_otkhodov_vtorsyrjo
Implementation – project results.
Conclusion: this plan is the basis for the future project.
Relevance of the topic: Planet Earth is ours common Home, every person living in it must treat it with care and respect, preserving all its values and wealth.
Description of material: I bring to your attention a final lesson that completes the cycle of environmental conversations. In this lesson, children were given a choice: testing or an environmental project. It was proposed to work on an environmental project in groups, and the project topics were chosen by the children independently from the proposed options. Tests can be performed both on paper and in online version. The material was developed for students in grades 5-7, and can also be useful for teachers, parents and educators.
Recommendations: The conversation is accompanied by a presentation (multimedia support), which allows you to more fully understand the degree of danger from the pollution of our Home-Earth and the pollution of water bodies. Environmental projects are defended in class and assessed by the children according to the proposed assessment table.
Target: To consolidate and test children's knowledge about the types of environmental problems and ways to solve them.
To arouse the desire of schoolchildren to protect nature, to give instructions to carry out some activities to protect nature.
Tasks:
- develop and protect an environmental project
- answer test questions. Description: children are asked to answer 4 tests on paper or online.
Test No. 1. Topic: “Ecology. First global problem»
1.Ecology is:
A) The science of human influence on the environment;
B) Science that studies the structure, functions and development of living organisms in an ecosystem;
C) The science of the influence of the environment on humans;
D) Science of rational use of natural resources;
D) The science that studies living organisms in nature.
Give one correct answer.
2.The word “ecology” comes from:
A) Greek words b) german words
C) English words d) Portuguese words
Write down your answer options ov.
3. What does the word “ecology” mean?
4. What is the difference between modern packaging and the one that was used 10-15 years ago?
5. Name the causes of garbage.
6. What does the word “inert” mean?
7. What is the amount of garbage per inhabitant of the planet per year.(average)
8. How is garbage classified according to the degree of danger to the environment? Which class is the most dangerous?
9. Name the main conventional categories into which garbage is divided.
10. What are the ways of waste disposal?
11. What are the pros and cons of one disposal method?(any of your choice).
12. Which way is the most rational? Why?
13. What is special waste? How are they destroyed?
14. What are the periods of natural decomposition of garbage?
15. Recycling options.
Test No. 2. Topic: “Ecology. The second global problem"
Give several correct answers.
1.What about the main environmental problems:
A) Atmospheric pollution;
B) Pollution of the World Ocean;
B) Soil pollution;
D) Extermination of flora and fauna;
D) Melting of ice.
E) Creation of the “red book”
Give one correct answer.
2.River pollution leads to:
A) Death of eggs
B) Death of frogs, crayfish
B) Death of algae
D) Death of all living things
Write down your answer.
3. What classes of water quality are river pollution divided into?
4. Water pollution is caused by (what)?
5. Where do pesticides in water come from?
6. Give an example of “heavy metals”
7. Where are the 10 dirtiest rivers?
8. What does thermal water pollution lead to?
9. Causes of electromagnetic water pollution.
10.What do you know about radioactive radiation?
11. Write what we can do to conserve the Earth's water resources.
12. Give an example of the consequences of water pollution with oil and petroleum products.
Test No. 3. Topic: “Ecology. The third global problem"
Give several correct answers.
1.Air pollution is:
a.this is bringing into atmospheric air substances foreign to its composition
b. change in the ratio of gases in the air
c.physical, chemical, biological substances
g.dirty air
2. Diseases caused by high levels of harmful substances in the air we breathe:
a.headache
b.nausea
c.skin irritation
g.asthma
d.tumor
e. joint sprain
Give your answer.
3.What types of air pollution do you know?
4.Name the sources of natural air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
5.Causes of dust storms:
A. drought
b. deforestation
river flood
d. gravity of the moon
Give your answer.
6. Name artificial sources of air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
7. What gas is released into the atmosphere during fuel combustion?
a. carbon monoxide (CO2)
b.oxygen (O2)
c.nitrogen (N2)
g.nitric acid (HNO3)
Give your answer.
8. What is Smog. What is its harm for the residents of the metropolis?
9. What causes the depletion of the ozone layer?
10. What does radioactive contamination lead to?
11. Why is the greenhouse effect dangerous?
Give one correct answer.
12. How many days can a person live without water?
a.7
b.1
v.30
g.5
13.Ways to preserve the atmosphere.(At least 5)
Test No. 4. Topic: “Ecology. Result"
Final test.Give one correct answer.
1. Environmental pollution means:
a.introducing into the environment new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components
b. introducing into the environment new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components, as well as exceeding the natural level of these components
c.exceeding the natural level of natural and anthropogenic components of the environment
d.increasing anthropogenic influence on natural ecosystems
2. Air pollution in Russia is primarily caused by:
a.chemical industry
b.thermal power engineering
c.agriculture
oil production and petrochemistry
3. The most dangerous soil pollution is caused by:
a.household waste
b.agricultural waste
c. heavy metals
g.wastewater
4. The greatest pollution of land waters is caused by:
a.washing fertilizers and pesticides from fields
b.domestic and industrial wastewater
c.pollution from solid household waste
g.dumping
5. The greatest pollution of the waters of the World Ocean is caused by:
a.dumping
b.acid rain
c.agricultural waste
oil and petroleum products
6. Pollution found around industrial enterprises, are called:
a.local
b.regional
c.global
g.sanitary protective
7. Chemical pollution does not include:
a.heavy metal pollution
b. entry of pesticides into water bodies
c. soil pollution with solid household waste
d.increase in the concentration of freons in the atmosphere
8. Environmental pollution from solid household waste can be attributed to:
a. physical pollution
b.biological pollution
c.mechanical pollution
d.physical and chemical pollution
9. Deforestation leads to:
A. increase species diversity birds;
b. increasing the species diversity of mammals;
V. reduced evaporation;
d. violation of the oxygen regime
10.Lack of drinking water is caused primarily by:
A. greenhouse effect;
b. decrease in groundwater volume;
V. pollution of water bodies;
d. soil salinization.
11.The greenhouse effect occurs as a result of accumulation in the atmosphere:
A. carbon monoxide;
b. carbon dioxide;
V. nitrogen dioxide;
g. sulfur oxides.
12. Living organisms are protected from harsh ultraviolet radiation by:
A. water vapor;
b. clouds;
V. ozone layer;
g. nitrogen.
13.The most common diseases that arise as a result of deterioration environmental situation, are:
A. diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
b. infectious diseases;
V. cardiovascular and oncological diseases;
g. diseases of the digestive tract.
14.What is the source of the emergence of new alleles called when the genetic structure of a population changes?
A. mutation;
b. migration;
V. genetic drift;
d. non-random crossing.
15. How many minutes can a person live without air?
A. thirty
V. 5
b. 1
10
16. Main product of consumption?
A. water
b. food
g. air
V. bread
Ecological project.
You can start a conversation by showing a video. It is possible to launch the video to the song of the group Earthlings "Forgive the Earth!"
The epigraph for the lesson can be taken from the words
"Living in this green world
good in winter and summer.
Life flies like a moth
a motley animal runs around
Whirl like a bird in the clouds,
runs quickly like a marten.
Life is everywhere, life is all around.
Man is nature's friend!"
In the modern world, environmental problems come to the fore. We have only managed to examine a small fraction of environmental problems. At the end of our environmental conversations, I would like to invite you to develop an environmental product (let's call it a project), in which you will talk about one of the environmental problems and its solution.
First, let's remember the problems with which we are already familiar.
Children call.
As an environmental product, you can publish a wall newspaper, draw a comic book, or come up with ecological fairy tale, crossword, calendar.. The choice is yours, what your group finds interesting, that project is carried out by your group.
Work on the project is underway according to plan:
1. Identify the problem.
2. Identify the cause.
3. Put forward a solution to this problem.
The plan can be supplemented with your own proposals.
Projects will be assessed by a jury selected by you from among the class students based on the following: criteria:
1.Originality
2.Compliance with the task
3.Product protection
4.Answers to the questions asked
5.Work of all group members
I wish you creative success.
Options for project assignments:
Project assignment 1Study the material about waste paper. Complete the task: create a poster for residents of Vakhtan about the dangers of burning paper and encouraging them to collect waste paper for recycling
Waste paper
Material: paper, sometimes impregnated with wax and coated with various colors.
Damage to nature: The paper itself does not cause damage. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is natural natural material. However, the ink that coats the paper can release toxic substances.
Harm to humans: paint may release toxic substances when decomposed.
Decomposition Routes: Used as food by some microorganisms.
End product of decomposition: humus, bodies of various organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash.
It is strictly forbidden to burn paper in the presence of food, as dioxins may be formed.
Project assignment 2
Read up on food waste. Complete the task: create a memo for residents of the village of Frequently about methods of neutralizing food waste.
Food waste
Damage to nature: practically no damage. Used to feed various organisms.
Harm to humans: rotting food waste- a breeding ground for microbes. When rotting, they release foul-smelling and poisonous substances in high concentrations.
Decomposition routes: used as food by various microorganisms.
The final product of decomposition: the bodies of organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 1-2 weeks.
Recycling method (on any scale): composting.
Least dangerous way neutralization (on a small scale): composting.
Products forming during neutralization: humus.
It is strictly forbidden to throw it into fire, as dioxins may be formed.
Project assignment 3
Study material about fabrics. Complete the task: design a poster for residents of the village. Frequent, calling to find new uses for unnecessary things.
Fabric products
Fabrics can be synthetic (they melt when heated) and natural (they become charred when heated). Everything written below applies to natural fabrics.
Damage to nature: do not cause. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is a natural material.
Decomposition Routes: Used as food by some organisms.
The final product of decomposition: humus, bodies of organisms, carbon dioxide, water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.
Recycling method (on a large scale): recycling into wrapping paper.
Recycling method (small scale): composting.
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on a small scale): burning under conditions that ensure complete combustion.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash
Project assignment 4
Learn about plastics. Complete the task: create a memo for residents of the village of Frequently about the dangers of burning plastic products.
Plastic products of unknown composition
Damage to nature: interfere with gas exchange in soils and water bodies. Can be swallowed by animals, resulting in death. They can release substances that are toxic to many organisms.
Damage to humans: may release toxic substances during decomposition.
Decomposition time: depends on the plastic, usually about 100 years, maybe more.
Recycling methods: depends on the plastic (usually remelting). For many plastics, there are no recycling options (due to the difficulty of identifying specific plastics).
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, poisonous organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this can produce huge amounts of dioxins.
Project assignment 5
Learn about packaging materials. Complete the task: design a poster for residents of the village. Frequent warnings not to throw away packaging material.
Food packaging
Material: paper and different kinds plastics, including chlorine-containing ones. Sometimes - aluminum foil.
Damage to nature: can be swallowed by large animals, which causes the death of the latter.
Decomposition paths: slowly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. Degrades very slowly when exposed to sun rays. Sometimes used as food by some microorganisms.
Decomposition time: depends on the product. Usually – tens of years, maybe more.
Method of recycling (on a large scale): generally non-existent (due to difficulties in separating components)
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on any scale): burial.
Products formed during disposal: depend on the plastic. Usually carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, toxic organochlorine substances.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this may produce dioxins.
Project assignment 6
Learn material about tin cans. Complete the task: create a memo for residents of the village of Chastye about the correct disposal of cans.
Cans
Material: galvanized or tin plated iron.
Damage to nature: compounds of zinc, tin and iron are poisonous to many organisms. The sharp edges of the cans injure animals.
Harm to humans: they release toxic substances during decomposition.
Decomposition routes: very slowly oxidized by oxygen. They degrade very slowly when exposed to sunlight.
Final decomposition products: carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen chloride.
Decomposition time: on the ground and in fresh water- several hundred years, in salt water - several decades.
Recycling methods (in large quantities): does not exist (due to technological difficulties).
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on any scale): disposal to a landfill.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, toxic organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this produces huge amounts of dioxins.
Children's projects.
Goal: expand the area of knowledge of the environment natural world our area. Objectives: -To foster an environmental culture junior schoolchildren; -Expand your knowledge of environmental issues native land and attract the attention of the younger generation to them. -Develop the ability to work with received information: process, classify and present it.
Ecology is a fashionable word, Nature did not know this before, Banks and bottles were not thrown into the bushes, Waste and oil were not poured into the river. Our planet is still alive, but without protection it will die! If you want the world to become green, don't cut down the birch and maple trees!
Research apron Forests of Zelenograd - influence the entire ecosystem of the city Properties of the forest: health, recreation of people. Source of various raw materials (berries, mushrooms, wood) The influence of the forest on all types of the biosphere (people, animals, plants) Types of forests: coniferous, birch, pine, aspen, spruce forests Function of the forest: the main source of oxygen, it regulates water and soil balance
There was a picturesque pond where local residents loved to relax, on the banks of which rare birds of our area (lapwings) built their nests, but now it is gone, because... the banks are littered with garbage, it is not cleaned, the pond has turned into a large dirty puddle. The same story happened with the river in the village of Kamenka.
Riddle I'm wearing a bright red beret, In a gray satin jacket, I'm a friend to all the trees, And everyone calls me... beetles a day Where have the woodpeckers, the forest orderlies, gone?
Survey among the population We conducted a survey of 50 people of different ages. The question was: Who saw and heard woodpeckers in the wild and when? People aged 40 years and older are well acquainted with this bird and know what it looks like. People from 27 to 40 years old were less likely to encounter it, and some people did not encounter woodpeckers in the forest. But the lowest percentage of respondents was among students primary school, more than half of the children had never seen or heard the sound of woodpeckers. The number of woodpeckers has decreased and this also affected the spread of pest beetles.
We see that birds can no longer fully cope with this problem. Therefore, man comes to the aid of nature. Only cutting down diseased trees can stop the massive spread of these beetles. We learned that this year 6,500 trees were cut down and 4,500 were planted, many of which did not take root. This means that more trees are being cut down than are being planted.
17 Conclusions: 1. We learned to collect, classify and analyze the information received, as well as present the product of our work. 2. As a result of our work, we came to the understanding that nothing in nature is superfluous and everything is interconnected; 3. We want to involve as many people as possible in solving environmental problems in our area;
Poster presentation. Practical project: "We believe the village will be clean!"
eco friends club wildlife WWF "Researcher", MAOU Molchanovskaya secondary school No. 1, Tomsk region.Project Manager: Olga Vladimirovna Perkovskaya, head of the center for environmental education and upbringing at the school.
Description of the material.
The material of the poster presentation can be used by environmental associations, volunteer groups, teacher-organizers and anyone interested in the cleanliness of their settlements.
Target: improvement ecological state Molchanova village.
Tasks:
1. On September 15, take part in the World Action “We will do it!” and clear the shoreline of the Ob River from debris.
2. On June 5, Ecologist Day, remove garbage from the side of the road along the highway.
environmental problem, the solution of which the project participants worked on:
street pollution with garbage, coastline the Ob River and the recreational area in the village of Molchanovo.
Main results of the project
On September 15, ecologists from the MAOU “Molchanovskaya Secondary School No. 1” organized the “We will do it!” campaign. and students of the 7th and 8th grades, together with their parents and teachers, went to the bank of the Ob River to clean it of garbage. 31 people. Area cleared of debris: 150 meters (Photos 1 and 2).
On June 5, Ecologist Day, the roadsides were cleared over an area of 900 meters along the highway. 41 bags of garbage were collected (photos 3 and 4).
On Environmental Protection Day, guys from the military camp removed garbage along the road and near Tokovoe Lake, about 1400 meters away. 50 bags of garbage collected. The guys from the labor camp of the first school collected
56 bags of leaves and garbage (photo 5).
The project partners were:
1. The administration of the Molchanovsky rural settlement provided a garbage collection vehicle to the protest sites.
2. The working group at the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Tomsk Region for holding the action on June 5 approved the composition of participants and the territory for clearing garbage from the village.
3. The administration of MAOU “Molchanovskaya Secondary School No. 1” provided a bus to transport participants to the places of action.
4. School No. 1 labor camp.
5. Representatives of summer health camps of school No. 1 and school No. 2.
6. Military camp for youths of the region. They were at military training at the Molchanovskaya Secondary School No. 1.
}
