The state of ventilation largely determines the level of compliance of existing working conditions in an organization with regulatory requirements. It is clear that at the design stage, the required efficiency and the ability of ventilation systems to provide comfortable and safe conditions for people to work in buildings and structures were taken into account in the designed ventilation systems. But, during the process of construction, and then operation, over time, deviations from the results of the functioning of ventilation systems established by the project accumulate. They become ineffective for many reasons. But, as a rule, not everything.
Experts from Expert Ecology LLC carry out work on:
Hygienic and (or) technical assessment of work efficiency ventilation systems;
Measurements and assessment of industrial gas and dust emissions into the atmosphere from sources at industrial enterprises.
Such work is authorized to be carried out only by organizations that are accredited in the prescribed manner A testing laboratory and specially trained specialists (Clause 1, Article 42 of Federal Law 52-FZ).
The testing laboratory of Expert Ecology LLC is accredited (accreditation certificate No. RA.RU.21VG04). Specialists of Expert Ecology LLC have appropriate training in approved methods.
The purpose of the work is to determine the compliance of the performance parameters of ventilation systems with regulatory requirements, to determine the concentrations of harmful substances in the air working area, in emissions into the atmosphere.
Scope of work:
Hygienic/technical assessment of ventilation systems performance:
Inspection of ventilation systems (condition assessment, study of documentation, determination of points for instrumental measurements), calculation of the cost of work;
Carrying out instrumental measurements of air movement parameters, parameters of gas and dust flows (and the content of harmful and/or hazardous substances in the air) at pre-calculated points;
Determination of the air exchange rate in the rooms where it should be determined;
Carrying out calculations, assessments and registration laboratory and instrumental measurement protocols with a brief conclusion about the efficiency of ventilation systems.
Compilation of a report inspection of ventilation systems with a description of their current technical condition and operating efficiency, as well as recommendations to eliminate the causes of ineffective operation of the surveyed systems.
Registration (or renewal) of passports ventilation systems in accordance with current regulatory documentation (collection technical characteristics, drawing up aspiration schemes).
Held:
Periodically, in educational and healthcare institutions;
Periodically, in production premises.
When commissioning construction projects;
Ventilation systems must be checked for operating efficiency:
a) in rooms where the release of harmful substances of classes 1 and 2 is possible - once a month;
b) local exhaust and local supply ventilation- 1 time per year;
c) systems of general exchange mechanical and natural ventilation- 1 time every 3 years (except for healthcare institutions - there annually).
Why do you need performance assessment?
This is a kind of “ventilation audit”. From the report received after the work, any manager, even those far from technology, will see the specific current state of ventilation not in assessments like “bad” or “good,” but in specific numbers and terms characterizing this state. And, overall, “good”:
Optimize costs for routine maintenance of ventilation systems;
Use laboratory research protocols when conducting hygienic (when the air is simultaneously examined for the content of harmful substances) assessment, for the purposes of “Production control”, which reduces its cost;
Get more positive results if you conduct a Special Assessment of Working Conditions.
If, in general, “not very good”:
Assess the volume and cost of really necessary repairs or restoration of ineffective ventilation systems;
Justify the amount of funding for repair or reconstruction of ineffective ventilation systems;
Generate technical specifications for the contractor for the repair or reconstruction of ventilation systems.
Cost of work. Calculated after an inspection of the work site. It includes: insurance professional activity, employee insurance, Vehicle, equipment and instruments of Expert Ecology LLC, overhead and other expenses necessary for the implementation of work. The work is carried out without the involvement of the Customer’s transport, without the distraction of the Customer’s employees, except responsible persons, must provide technical documentation and be present during laboratory tests.
Payment procedure. No advance payment. For large volumes - according to schedule. For the amount of work actually completed.
Turnaround time . From 7 days to a year, depending on the amount of work.
For the entire period of our work, claims, statements of claim and legal proceedings there were no service consumers or government regulatory authorities.
The construction of a residential building at the design stage envisages mandatory presence channels for natural ventilation. From a safety point of view, this applies primarily to houses with installed gas appliances. Improper circulation or insufficient air supply can also lead to negative consequences.
Checking ventilation as a vital necessity
By ventilation of premises we mean the entry of air from outside into the apartment, ensuring its ventilation, displacing gaseous waste products of humans, animals, etc. Ventilation systems include devices and equipment that provide regulation of air exchange. There are several types of ventilation systems, but in multi-storey buildings residential buildings Basically, the supply and exhaust type of ventilation operates.
Its absence or ineffective work will be immediately noticed by apartment owners in multi-storey building. Main features:
- deterioration of people's well-being;
- penetration of odors from neighbors;
- the formation of mold and mildew in the bathroom and toilet;
- high humidity in the rooms, laundry that takes a long time to dry;
- the spread of odors from the toilet and kitchen throughout the apartment.
If such symptoms are present, a ventilation check is performed. Its main goal is to eliminate the listed problems and prevent damage to household items and furniture. The main requirement is the creation of a healthy microclimate.
Analysis of ventilation efficiency: tasks to be solved
- Identification of compliance (non-compliance) of the microclimate with sanitary requirements.
- Analysis of work separately for inflow and exhaust gives a factual picture of the functioning of the home household appliances, devices ( gas boiler and slabs).
- Deficiencies identified during the inspection process may serve as a reason for cleaning ventilation ducts, arrangement of showers, installation additional equipment (supply valves, fans for forced exhaust, etc.)
Attention! Regulatory documents regulating the operation of ventilation are SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 (PDN of the microclimate and air environment of premises), an addition to SNiP 2.08.01-89 Reference manual “Heating and ventilation of residential buildings”, SNiP 31-01-2003 by types of systems ventilation and others. According to them, regular inspection of ventilation shafts and ducts is carried out once a year (at least). If heating and cooking installations are operated all year round, ventilation should be inspected at least 2 times.
How can you organize an inspection?
During the survey, the inflow- exhaust systems the compliance of air exchange in rooms with different purposes with the requirements of the project and sanitary standards is determined. When in good condition, properly designed ventilation shafts are visually hidden and their operation is inaudible. There are several ways to check the ventilation in an apartment.
Match
The effect of a lit candle (match). A burning flame brought to ventilation grille in the bathroom or kitchen closed by a lattice channel will show the ventilation operation. If the vertical column of flame, when the vent (window) is open, deviates into the room or remains in the same position, then the system is not working properly. But this method is dangerous and is not recommended by employees of the gas supply organization. If there is a gas leak in the house, an open candle flame can cause an explosion.
Paper
A safe, but no less effective “paper” option. At open window a sheet of newspaper or other thin paper placed against the grill should adhere tightly to it and be held in place by a pull rod.
These methods are justified only in the cold season. In the heat, at almost the same temperatures outside and inside the room, the laws of physics regarding the displacement of warm light masses by colder air do not apply. Therefore, regular ventilation is organized. If malfunctions in the ventilation operation are detected, measures are taken to eliminate them.
Devices
A professional ventilation inspection provides an assessment of the degree of blockage in floor and building ventilation ducts. The power of air draft and the degree of “suction” that occurs due to the formation of low pressure are checked.
Using instruments to evaluate ventilation efficiency
The most accurate ventilation test in apartment building– instrumental measurements. An anemometer is used. Can be purchased for personal use the simplest model. Representatives of the sanitary service work with more advanced instruments to calculate the air exchange rate in rooms of different purposes. Such anemometers have remote sensors and built-in computing modules.
According to current standards, natural air movement should be:
- for the kitchen – 60 m3/h (without gas stove);
- for a bathroom and a bathroom – 25 m3/h.
The anemometer reading is the speed of air movement in the ventilation duct. Knowing it, as well as the cross-section of the lattice, you can use special tables to calculate the performance of the system.
Important! Measurements are taken for each exhaust shaft and the causes of identified failures in ventilation are determined.
Measuring algorithm
- Opening the window slightly creates an air flow.
- The ventilation duct is released from the grille.
- The impeller of the switched on anemometer is placed in the channel.
- The instrument readings are read.
- Actual measurements are compared with standard data.
Attention! In the exhaust ventilation shaft, the air speed must be at least 5 m/s. In bends - at least 3 m/s.
What problems does professional expertise solve?
Most often, the cause of fogged glass, the formation of fungus, dampness and stale air in the room lies in the mistakes of designers and builders. Their correction is impossible without radical measures: overhaul or home renovation. An independent inspection identifies shortcomings of builders during the installation of shafts, ducts, and highways, and also proposes measures to eliminate them.
Checking the ventilation in the apartment management company should be carried out on the basis of the “Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building.” The document contains a list of sequential steps to maintain it in good condition. This includes:
- analysis of system performance and maintenance;
- troubleshooting problems that cause vibration and noise levels that exceed standards during operation;
- development of restoration and repair measures, etc.
Important! The company is responsible for the technical serviceability of the ventilation ducts, therefore it is obliged to carry out inspections of the systems every six months (summer and winter). Regardless of the type of air exchange organization, maintenance residential buildings confirmed by an inspection report.
If a building with inefficient ventilation is a new multi-apartment building, then it is covered by a warranty (at least 5 years). It is necessary to require the developer to conduct an inspection of the ventilation system and troubleshoot problems.
If controversial situations arise in an apartment building, an independent examination is carried out. The examination allows us to identify the reasons for ineffective ventilation and non-compliance with construction and installation rules when installing ventilation shafts. Indicates a list of works to improve aeration. All proposals are documented. Recommendations are given to improve the efficiency of the system in different zones apartments and houses.
21.07.2017 15:44
Why is ventilation measurement and analysis carried out:
- Commissioning of new or post-reconstruction facilities. Article 20 of the Federal Law No. 384-FZ dated December 30, 2009: “The design documents of buildings must provide for the equipping of premises with ventilation systems. It is possible to provide for equipping buildings with air conditioning systems. The amount of harmful substances in the air supplied to the room through ventilation and air conditioning should not exceed the maximum acceptable standards for similar structures or for the work area industrial buildings».
- Compliance testing of ventilation systems regulatory framework Rospotrebnadzor and Rostekhnadzor, relevant GOSTs, SanPiNam, RD and other regulatory documentation.
- Ventilation research to develop a program to improve working conditions.
Equipment for analyzing ventilation efficiency:
- Vane anemometers or hot-wire anemometers are available in any research organization.
- The differential pressure gauge and PITO tube are unfamiliar to most but are easy to use and effective.
- A contact thermometer is a forgotten device, but almost everyone has it.
- Tachometer
- Temperature, humidity and air pressure meter.
There are also additional devices, but their complexity and price are not comparable to those already listed (Meteoscope, IR meter, thermohygrometer, air ion counter, barometer, pressure gauge).
Ventilation
The main thing a living organism needs is fresh air. The purpose of ventilation systems is to provide an environment that meets sanitary and hygienic standards.
Methods for providing rooms with air:
- Admission fresh air through an open window.
- Ventilation with natural and mechanized draft.
- Air heating systems, air conditioning systems.
Objects requiring ventilation
- Gas-free and dust-free rooms, equipped with microclimate systems, in which people are constantly present. These are almost all modern offices and retail spaces.
- Industrial premises where harmful substances are released into the air.
- Buildings that are particularly demanding on air quality and microclimate (schools, preschool institutions, healthcare facilities).
Ventilation systems are used in almost all buildings and structures.
Ventilation is the final sanitary and technical tool of a set of measures to ensure a healthy atmosphere in isolated rooms. It helps fight excess humidity, heat, gas pollution and dust.
There are direct and indirect methods for analyzing the effect of ventilation systems
Indirect methods include an assessment of the compliance of the air in an industrial building with accepted standards for the content of harmful substances, temperature, humidity and movement of air masses, and thermal radiation.
Direct methods- speed of air movement, its temperature, productivity, pressure, speed of rotation of the blades of the ventilation unit, noise and vibration of fan parts, content of hazardous substances in the influx of air stream.
Inspection of the effectiveness of the ventilation system is carried out by determining the speed and temperature of the air in the work area, openings and sections of devices receiving air flow, in transport and installation openings, in the supply streams of devices supplying air. Performance calculation ventilation units, measuring pressure in the air duct of supply and exhaust systems, measuring the pressure difference in industrial buildings in comparison with adjacent rooms.
Based on the results of the studies performed, a report or passport of the ventilation system is drawn up, which is the final stage certification.
That's all the knowledge that is necessary to analyze the effectiveness of ventilation: device, purpose, requirements, standards, working with equipment, maintaining documentation and accreditation.
Some regulations, confirming the need to check the efficiency of ventilation systems:
1. GOST 12.4.021-75. SYSTEM OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS. VENTILATION SYSTEMS. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
(Excerpts)
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. Ventilation systems for industrial premises in combination with technological equipment that emit harmful substances, excess heat or moisture must ensure meteorological conditions and air purity that meet the requirements of GOST 12.1.005-88 at permanent and temporary workplaces in the working area of industrial premises.
In the serviced area of administrative and amenity premises industrial enterprises, as well as in the premises of public buildings, meteorological conditions must be provided in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations for the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTILATION SYSTEMS
DURING OPERATION AND REPAIR
3.1.2. Routine inspections and verification of compliance of ventilation systems with the requirements of this standard must be carried out in accordance with a schedule approved by the administration of the facility.
3.1.3. Preventive inspections of premises for ventilation equipment, cleaning devices and other elements of ventilation systems, servicing premises with premises of categories A, B and C, must be carried out at least once per shift with the inspection results recorded in the operation log. Any malfunctions discovered during this process must be corrected immediately.
2. SNiP 3.05.01-85 “INTERNAL SANITARY SYSTEMS”
( Excerpts)
VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
4.16. The final stage of installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is their individual testing.
By the beginning of individual testing of systems, general construction and Finishing work for ventilation chambers and shafts, as well as complete installation and individual testing of support equipment (electricity supply, heat supply, etc.). In the absence of power supply to ventilation units and air conditioning according to a permanent scheme, the general contractor will connect electricity according to a temporary scheme and check the serviceability of the starting devices.
4.18. When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems to design parameters, taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.4.021-75, the following should be done:
testing fans when operating in a network (determining compliance of the actual characteristics with the passport data: air supply and pressure, rotation speed, etc.);
checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of the irrigation chambers;
testing and adjustment of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local suction, air exchange in rooms and determination of leaks or air losses in systems, the permissible value of which due to leaks in air ducts and other elements of systems should not exceed design values in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-85;
action check exhaust devices natural ventilation.
For each ventilation and air conditioning system, a passport is issued in two copies in the form of mandatory Appendix 2.
4.19. Deviations of air flow rates from those provided for in the project after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:
± 10% - according to the air flow passing through the air distribution and air intake devices of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, provided that the required pressure (rarefaction) of air in the room is ensured;
10% - according to the air consumption removed through local suction and supplied through the shower pipes.
4.20. During comprehensive testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems, the commissioning work includes:
testing simultaneously operating systems;
checking the performance of ventilation, air conditioning and heat and cold supply systems under design operating conditions, determining whether the actual parameters correspond to the design ones;
identifying the reasons why the design operating modes of systems are not ensured and taking measures to eliminate them;
testing of equipment protection, blocking, alarm and control devices;
level measurements sound pressure at design points.
Comprehensive testing of systems is carried out according to the program and schedule developed by the customer or on his behalf by the commissioning organization and agreed upon with the general contractor and installation organization.
The procedure for conducting comprehensive testing of systems and eliminating identified defects must comply with SNiP III-3-81. (replaced by SNiP 3.01.04-87)
3. MU 4425-87 SANITARY AND HYGIENIC CONTROL OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCTION PREMISES
(Excerpts)
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.7. Existing ventilation systems must be regularly checked by ventilation services or sanitary laboratories of enterprises within the following periods:
a) In rooms where the release of harmful substances of hazard classes 1 and 2 is possible - 1 time per month.
b) Local exhaust and local supply ventilation systems - 1 time per year
c) General ventilation systems and mechanical ventilation - Once every 3 years
Monitoring compliance with the frequency of inspections should be carried out by sanitary and epidemiological stations.
In the case of reconstruction of ventilation systems, after changing the technological process, equipment and restructuring of the premises, the inspection should be carried out immediately after the reconstruction, regardless of the timing of the control.
4. SanPiN 2.2.3.757-99 ENTERPRISES OF SEPARATE INDUSTRIES, AGRICULTURE, COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSPORT. WORKING WITH ASBESTOS AND ASBESTOS-CONTAINING MATERIALS
(Excerpts)
4.6. Ventilation and heating
4.6.22. All ventilation units, both newly installed and put into operation after reconstruction or major repairs, must be tested to determine their effectiveness. Based on the results of testing and adjustment, a passport must be drawn up for each ventilation system.
4.6.23. Ventilation units must be equipped with devices (hatches, fittings, etc.) for monitoring and measuring speed, temperature, etc. in air ducts, and regulating air volumes.
4.6.24. Testing, adjustment and adjustment of ventilation systems should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP “Sanitary and technical equipment of buildings and structures” and GOST “Ventilation systems. Methods of aerodynamic tests”.
4.6.25. Monitoring the operation of ventilation systems and dust removal equipment should be carried out regularly. in accordance with the requirements of the "Instructions for sanitary and hygienic control of ventilation systems for industrial premises", methodological instructions"Sanitary and hygienic control of ventilation systems for industrial premises" and GOST "Nature conservation. Atmosphere. Methods for determining the speed and flow rate of gas and dust flows emanating from stationary sources of pollution."
4.7.1. Work area air
4.7.1.4. The frequency and frequency of planned sanitary control is established depending on the hazard class of the released harmful substances. When harmful substances of class 2 enter the air of the working area - at least once a month, hazard class 3 - at least once a quarter.
Note: asbestos-containing materials are used everywhere, such as slate, asbestos-cement pipes, etc. etc.
5. RD 153-39. RULES FOR TECHNICAL OPERATION OF MAIN OIL PIPELINES.
(Excerpts)
Ventilation of industrial premises
4.2.94 Checking the efficiency of ventilation systems must be carried out in accordance with the established procedure and at least once a year.
6. RD
METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING SUPERVISION AT GAS FACILITIES
4.1. Supervision of the operation of gas facilities of industrial, municipal and agricultural enterprises and facilities
4.3.13. Serviceability and compliance with the project ventilation performance in explosive areas; the presence of local suction, the use of exhaust fans only in explosion-proof versions, the presence check valves on air ducts supply system, equipment of the pump and compressor department with emergency ventilation in addition to supply and exhaust; the presence of blocking of fans of exhaust systems with electric drives of compressor pumps and other equipment installed in explosive areas in accordance with the Safety Rules in the gas industry; the presence of alarms for gas contamination of premises in the explosive premises of the GNS, GNP and AGNS. Availability annual control check efficiency of ventilation systems by a specialized organization.
Note: In Omsk and Omsk region. Many gas boiler houses have been put into operation.
7. SanPiN 2.1.3.1375-03 HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCATION, DEVICE, EQUIPMENT AND OPERATION OF HOSPITALS, MATERNITY HOMES AND OTHER HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
6.38. Preventive inspection and repair of ventilation and air conditioning systems of air ducts must be carried out in accordance with
approved schedule at least 2 times a year. Elimination of current malfunctions and defects must be carried out immediately.
6.39. The administration of the medical institution organizes control over the parameters of the microclimate and pollution of the air with chemicals, the operation of ventilation systems and the frequency of air exchange in the following rooms - in the main functional rooms of operating rooms, postoperative rooms, maternity rooms, intensive care wards, oncohematology, burn departments, medical treatment facilities, rooms for storing potent drugs and toxic substances, pharmaceutical warehouses, premises for preparing medicines, laboratories, department of therapeutic dentistry, special rooms of radiology departments and in other rooms, in offices, using chemicals and other substances and compounds that can have harmful effects on human health - 1 time every 3 months; - infectious diseases, including tuberculosis hospitals (departments), bacteriological, virus laboratories, X-ray rooms - once every 6 months;
- in other premises - once every 12 months.
8. Federal Law No. 52-F3 ON THE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELFARE OF THE POPULATION
1. Atmospheric air in urban and rural settlements in the territories of industrial organizations, as well as the air in the working areas of industrial premises, residential and other premises should not have a harmful effect on humans. And so on.
Note: There is a practice where the state sanitary doctor issues an order to check the effectiveness of ventilation systems. The inspection is carried out by the sanitary and epidemiological station or another involved organization. The validity period of the verification results is accepted. systems 1 year. (according to sanitary and epidemiological supervision).
9. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 Hygienic requirements to the microclimate of production premises
6.4. When ensuring acceptable microclimate values at workplaces:
· the difference in air temperature in height should be no more than 3°C;
· the horizontal air temperature difference, as well as its changes during the shift, should not exceed:
In this case, the absolute values of the air temperature should not go beyond the values indicated in the table. 2 for certain categories of work.
6.5. When the air temperature in the workplace is 25°C and above, the maximum permissible values of relative air humidity should not exceed the following limits:
70% - at an air temperature of 25°C;
65% - at an air temperature of 26°C;
60% - at an air temperature of 27°C;
55% - at an air temperature of 28°C.
6.6. At an air temperature of 26-28°C, the air speed indicated in the table. 2 for the warm period of the year, must correspond to the range:
6.7. Permissible values of the intensity of thermal radiation of workers in the workplace from production sources heated to a dark glow (materials, products, etc.) must correspond to the values given in Table. 3.
table 2
Acceptable values of microclimate indicators
nand workplaces of production premises
|
Air temperature, °C |
Temperature |
Relative |
Air speed, m/s |
||||
|
work by energy consumption level, W |
range below optimal values |
range above optimal values |
surfaces, °C |
air humidity, |
for a range of air temperatures below optimal values, no more |
for a range of air temperatures above optimal values, no more** |
|
|
Cold | |||||||
|
III (over 290) | |||||||
|
III (over 290) |
*At air temperatures 25° From and above, the maximum values of relative air humidity must be taken in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.5.
** At air temperatures 26-28° C air speed in warm period year must be accepted in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.6.
10. SP 1.1.1058-01. Sanitary rules. Organization and conduct of production control over compliance with sanitary rules and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures.
II. The procedure for organizing and conducting production control
2.4. Production control includes:
d) control over the availability of certificates, sanitary and epidemiological reports, personal medical records, sanitary passports for transport, other documents confirming the quality, safety of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and technologies for their production, storage, transportation, sale and disposal in cases provided for current legislation;
III. Requirements for the production control program (plan)
3.3. Scroll chemical substances, biological, physical and other factors, as well as production control objects that pose a potential danger to humans and their environment (control critical points), for which it is necessary to organize laboratory research and testing, indicating the points at which sampling is carried out (laboratory tests are carried out research and testing), and frequency of sampling (laboratory research and testing);
Commissioning of newly built or reconstructed facilities. Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ " Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures." Article 20. Requirements for ensuring air quality: "In project documentation buildings and structures must be equipped with a ventilation system. The design documentation of buildings and structures may provide for equipping the premises with an air conditioning system. Ventilation and air conditioning systems must ensure the supply to premises of air containing harmful substances that does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations for such premises or for the working area of industrial premises."
Inspection of existing ventilation systems in accordance with the current requirements of Rospotrebnadzor and Rostekhnadzor. For compliance with thematic GOSTs, SanPiNs, RDs and other regulatory documents.
Inspection of ventilation systems to develop measures to improve working conditions.
Only a licensed/certified/accredited organization can conduct ventilation efficiency assessments. Procedures confirming the effectiveness of ventilation systems are activities that require special skills and knowledge of the regulatory framework.
- Buildings and premises with constant presence of people, without the emission of harmful gases and dust, equipped with a microclimate maintenance system. Such objects include almost all modern office buildings, shopping centers.
- Industrial buildings and premises releasing pollutants into the air of the working area.
- Premises with special requirements to the composition of the air environment and microclimate: kindergartens, hospitals, schools.
As you can see, ventilation is used in almost every building and room.
- Periodic ventilation of rooms through windows and doors.
- Ventilation with natural and mechanical draft stimulation.
- Air heating and air conditioning systems.
Ventilation is a sanitary and technical means that completes the system of measures to improve the health of the air environment closed premises. With the help of ventilation, they combat excess heat and moisture, as well as gases, vapors and dust.
Direct methods include the speed and temperature of air flows, productivity, developed pressure and fan speed, pressure difference or vacuum, noise and vibration of ventilation system elements, concentration of harmful substances in the supply air.
TO indirect methods include - assessment of the compliance of the air environment of the production premises with sanitary standards in terms of the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area, temperature, relative humidity and air mobility, and the intensity of thermal radiation.
The effectiveness of ventilation is checked by measuring the temperature and speed of air flows in the work area, open openings and working sections of air intake devices, as well as installation, transport and aeration openings, in the supply streams from air distribution devices, air showers and curtains, as well as determining the performance of fans and the pressures they develop in the air ducts of supply and exhaust systems, general exchange, local suction and aspiration shelters built into the equipment and measuring the pressure difference or vacuum in production premises relative to neighboring rooms or the atmosphere, in cabins, boxes, shelters.
Performance of ventilation systems of local suction, aspiration shelters, etc. determined by the formula:
L = Vav*F*3600 m3/hour,
Where Vav is the average speed, m/s, F is the cross-sectional area of the opening, air duct, local suction. 3600 is the number of seconds in one hour.
Based on the results of the measurements, a ventilation system passport is drawn up, which is used as the final stage of certification of ventilation units. Also, only a protocol of instrumental measurements can be drawn up if a passport for the ventilation unit is already available.
The ventilation unit passport is the main document in which all test results, parameters of the studied environment are recorded (humidity level, temperature, chemical composition air and its mobility). The passport gives the right to official use of a specific object, confirms the completion of all the necessary complex of design, adjustment and testing works. Certification is needed to register purchased ventilation equipment (this is especially true for public and industrial buildings), confirming that the requirements sanitary standards are being carried out.
One of the conditions competent operation ventilation systems - constant production monitoring, or assessment of their effectiveness. It is carried out to identify pressure losses and unaccounted air flow. Periodic assessment of ventilation efficiency - an important part its use.
The main purpose for measuring ventilation efficiency is to detect problems and malfunctions that pose a danger to people in the premises and the entire building as a whole.
The secondary objectives of the audit are:
- assess whether the calculations were made correctly at the design stage of the ventilation system;
- find out if good enough existing installations cope with loads, how to maintain traction;
- find opportunities for energy saving and reduction of system operating costs;
- confirm compliance with the standards and requirements of sanitary and epidemiological, technical supervision, and fire authorities;
- recalculate the parameters of the system after its modification, reconstruction, repair;
- successfully pass passport certification.
To prevent excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide, people remained able to work, did not feel drowsiness, malaise, or dizziness, the ventilation ducts must be clean and passable. Complete air exchange is especially important where there are conditions for the formation high humidity(kitchens, saunas, showers, swimming pools) - in a favorable environment for them, bacteria, mold and mildew quickly multiply.
For production, warehouse and laboratory complexes, assessing the efficiency of ventilation systems is also necessary. If explosive, volatile, toxic and flammable substances are not removed from the premises, this will lead to dramatic consequences. The equipment can work, but does not completely extract all the polluted air, it is difficult to supply fresh air from the outside, which negatively affects the microclimate in the premises.
The main legal acts regulating the need and procedure for assessing the effectiveness of ventilation systems:
- Federal Law "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" dated March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ;
- GOST 12.4.021-75 System of occupational safety standards (SSBT). Ventilation systems. General requirements(with Amendment No. 1);
- GOST 12.3.018-79 System of occupational safety standards (SSBT). Ventilation systems. Aerodynamic test methods;
- GOST 12.1.005-88 System of occupational safety standards (SSBT). General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area (with Amendment No. 1);
- GOST 30494-2011 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters (with Amendment);
- GOST R 52539-2006 Air purity in medical institutions. General requirements;
- GOST R EN 13779-2007 Ventilation in non-residential buildings. Technical requirements for ventilation and air conditioning systems;
- SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises;
- SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises";
- SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities” (as amended as of June 10, 2016);
- SP 73.13330.2016 (SNiP 3.05.01-85) Internal sanitary systems of buildings;
- SP 60.13330.2012 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Updated version of SNiP 41-01-2003;
- SP 1.1.1058-01 Organization and conduct of production control over compliance with sanitary rules and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures;
- R NOSTROY 2.15.3-2011 Network engineering internal buildings and structures. Recommendations for testing and adjustment of ventilation and air conditioning systems;
- Input parameter for indoor climate to the design and assessment of energy performance of buildings - indoor air quality, temperature, light and acoustics (DIN EN 15251-2012 Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics);
- Ventilation of non-residential buildings - General Basics and requirements for ventilation units and air conditioning systems and cool room systems (DIN EN 13779-2007 Ventilation for non-residential buildings - Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems; German version EN 13779-2007:2007) and others.
Checking the effectiveness of ventilation is a set of measures, measurements (laboratory, instrumental) and observations carried out by qualified specialists. They determine the speed of air movement in the elements of the system and calculate key parameters (for example, multiplicity).
The list of studies includes:
- assessment of natural ventilation - channels, technical openings, vents, etc.;
- inspection of mechanical installations and equipment - it is necessary to evaluate the performance of supply and exhaust systems, their aerodynamics, and conduct laboratory tests.
The set of verification procedures when analyzing the effectiveness of ventilation systems includes the following actions and measurements:
- checking flexible elements for damage, tightness of housings, casings and air ducts, fan balance, integrity and quantity of belts and drives;
- measurement of air flow speed, CO2 content, calculation of multiplicity, determination of all microclimate parameters, sampling in work time, at several points;
- carrying out aerodynamic tests according to GOST methods - using pneumometric holes;
- entering test results into summary tables, processing, drawing up inspection protocols, reports and conclusions.
