How to make a budget greenhouse with your own hands. How to make a greenhouse. Dimensions and shape of the greenhouse

A greenhouse is a section of the garden that is not affected by the vagaries of weather and environmental factors. Here you can create the microclimate necessary for plants. The greenhouse allows you to grow vegetables even in winter. In addition, it makes it possible to arrange a greenhouse and winter garden, where you can all year round admire the greenery and flowers.

Making a greenhouse is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. It is enough just to know what the structure consists of, as well as the general laws of its functioning. Many gardeners and owners summer cottages build such structures on their own. In this article we will talk about how to properly make a greenhouse with your own hands, and show photo and video instructions.

Basis of design

The greenhouse consists of several parts. The basis of the entire structure is the frame. When choosing a frame, you must take into account that the strength of the entire building depends on its strength. Today you can find three main types of frames: wood, PVC and steel.

• The wooden frame is easy to install. However, it is not resistant to various factors external environment.

This design has to be specially processed additionally, but this does not guarantee strength.

The advantage of wood is that it is a natural, environmentally friendly material.

• Steel structures are very durable, wear-resistant and strong. They can withstand increased loads. Having installed such a frame, you don’t have to worry that the greenhouse will be damaged by snow, wind or hail. Steel is the most popular material for greenhouses. Very often, gardeners choose galvanized steel profiles.

The metal must be treated to protect against corrosion.

Some gardeners believe that metal will negatively affect the growth of vegetables and other plants. However, the assumption that plants develop worse in steel greenhouses is nothing more than a myth.

• Constructions made of polyvinyl chloride are environmentally friendly, durable, and safe. Their strength depends, however, on the strength and thickness of the profile. The advantage of this material is that it allows you to create sealed systems in which the microclimate is completely regulated by the owner. The disadvantage of PVC greenhouses is their relatively high cost. Winter gardens are often installed in PVC structures, which serve as relaxation areas for the owners.

Before you build a greenhouse at your dacha, you need to carefully select the material for the frame.

Materials for covering greenhouses

To protect plants from unfavorable environmental conditions, you need to choose for the greenhouse good coverage. There are several solutions to this issue available on the market today. There are three main types of coatings: glass, several types of special films and PVC materials.

It is better to choose durable glass as a coating. Triplex or tempered glass is suitable for greenhouses. If it is not possible to install any of these types, then you will have to install several glasses. The best option is an unbreakable coating that can withstand the load of snow, hail, and wind.

Glass transmits well Sun rays However, along with useful infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation also enters the greenhouse.

Film is the most popular material for greenhouse construction. It is durable, wear-resistant and can last for many years with proper care. Recently, several types of film have been produced specifically for greenhouses and greenhouses.

1. Light-converting film is useful because it converts ultraviolet radiation into infrared radiation. This stimulates the growth of vegetation and allows you to obtain good harvest from greenhouses.
2. Reinforced film has increased strength. In addition, it protects against frost. This is the type of coating that most owners of such structures choose.

Polyvinyl chloride materials have also found their supporters; monolithic and cellular polycarbonate, as well as transparent acrylic plastic, are widely used in the construction of greenhouses.

Cellular polycarbonate is especially in demand.

The plates of this material do not fade, look very aesthetically pleasing and serve long years. Possessing excellent heat-insulating properties, cellular polycarbonate is resistant to all natural factors. He is not afraid of either frost or heat.

You need to use cellular polycarbonate depending on the thickness:

• 3.5 mm - used in the construction of greenhouses and greenhouses;
• 4 mm - used in the construction of greenhouses and canopies;
• 6 mm - for canopies, greenhouses and stained glass windows;
• 8 mm is a widely used material.

The average price for cellular polycarbonate varies depending on the thickness: from 80 to 850 rubles. m 2

Choosing a place to install a greenhouse on the site

For the greenhouse you need to choose the right location.

1. It is better if the greenhouse is located at least on one side closer to the house. This will make it easier to conduct electricity into the room. Light in a greenhouse is necessary, especially in winter time of the year. In addition, electricity will be needed to install other devices in the greenhouse.
2. It is necessary to decide whether the greenhouse will function in winter. If you plan to use it all year round, then to ensure necessary conditions For plants, the structure is installed from west to east. The long sides of the structure will be located to the north and south, respectively.
3. To install the greenhouse you will need the right place. It should not be located in a low area where moisture flows. The area for the greenhouse must be level. Also, the place for the future greenhouse should not be located among trees or in the shade. Plants will need a lot of light.
4. The soil should not be clayey. Ideally, it should be suitable for the type of crops that are planned to be grown.

Types of greenhouses

Modern materials, especially PVC, allow you to create real masterpieces. Designs can take shapes that were previously considered impossible.

Among the most common types are lean-to, arched, gable, and tent greenhouses. Also, the structure itself can be collapsible or non-dismountable. It is convenient to have a collapsible one when you do not plan to use the greenhouse all year round. For permanent, year-round use, it is better to install a non-removable one.

Depending on the operation, the type of foundation of the future greenhouse is also determined.

Foundation for a greenhouse: which one to choose and how to do it right

In order to install a temporary greenhouse, you do not need a particularly strong foundation. You can use plastic bottles for this. But for a permanent non-removable structure, a foundation is necessary. It will guarantee the strength of the structure and allow it to serve for many years in any conditions.

It is noted that a monolithic strip foundation would be ideal for such a case. The base of such a foundation must be located below the freezing level of the soil. The lower part is covered with crushed stone. The depth of the ditch is about 80 cm.

The base can be strengthened using reinforcement or reinforced mesh placed in concrete.

The entire structure depends on the strength of the foundation. This is especially important for greenhouses made of glass: disturbances in the base can cause it to crack.

Installing a greenhouse frame on a foundation - basic rules

Greenhouses are often produced already in finished form, all that remains is to assemble them, having first made the foundation.

It has been noted that it is better to assemble structures made of galvanized steel using fasteners: nuts and bolts. Welds may be subject to corrosion.

When installing a polycarbonate greenhouse, you should remember the peculiarity of this material. At high temperatures it expands, and at cold temperatures it contracts. Therefore, in the work it is necessary to use sealants and silicone putties.

When installing polycarbonate sheets, you should always leave a small gap of a few millimeters between them.

Window openings are often installed in greenhouses. They are necessary for ventilation. It is advisable to plan such design details in advance.

Modern greenhouses are very complex systems; they are equipped with various devices, the simplest of which is an automatic watering system. However, even such units can be installed independently.

Polygonal greenhouses typically contain eight sides. Such designs have several advantages.

1. The polygonal design collects light rays well. At least one of its faces is always facing the sun.
2. Such greenhouses are very aesthetically pleasing. They are perfect for arranging a winter garden. The building decorates the site, rather than spoils it.
3. The design is very stable and can withstand strong winds and even hail.

The only difficulty that the owner of such a building may encounter is the glass. Polygonal greenhouse glass will have to be ordered if necessary. Because they have a specific shape. Another disadvantage of the polyhedron is the difficulty of heating the air evenly. However, using the latest technological systems, you can easily solve this problem.

Video: building a greenhouse

We present to your attention a series of videos about the construction of a greenhouse.

And this video will tell you about the construction of a year-round greenhouse.

If you are looking for where to buy a greenhouse, we recommend looking at specialized online stores, since their prices are often lower than in regular stores and markets.

Every gardener is attracted by beds with vegetables and other types of plants. And, probably, each of them dreams of greenhouses. In this article we will look at various options greenhouses, we will study the materials from which the greenhouse is made. Let’s raise the question of whether it’s better to build it yourself or buy a ready-made kit. So, how to make a greenhouse with your own hands? Let's get started.

Materials such as polycarbonate, glass, and polyethylene film are used to cover structures for growing plants.

The greenhouse frame is mainly made of metal profiles or wood, and can also be used polymer pipes.

Depending on the type of construction, greenhouse structures are of the following types: arched, gable and single-pitch. A greenhouse is most often installed as a free-standing structure, but an extension to an adjacent building can be made.
Greenhouses are divided into winter and summer. In most cases, a winter greenhouse is a greenhouse.

In order to grow seedlings for flowers or early vegetables, summer residents use a frame made of metal profiles, wood or metal to build greenhouses. plastic pipes. And depending on thickness preferences, cover with plastic film. To preserve the film for more than one season, it is recommended to shoot it on summer period time. The film does not need to be removed if it is made of reinforced film.

If an all-season greenhouse is installed at the dacha, then it must also be additionally equipped with systems such as microclimate control sensors, a heating system, irrigation, and ventilation must also be installed.

DIY arched summer greenhouse

Let's look at how this type of greenhouse is built. In order for this structure to be manufactured quickly and efficiently, it is necessary to prepare the material for it in advance. It is recommended to use a U-shaped metal profile. To do this, you first mark the shelves on the frame, and then bend them at your discretion. After that, you will need cling film, leftover corners, thick reinforcement, edged board.

To build a support for fastening a greenhouse or greenhouse, trimmings from metal pipes. To do this, first mark the place where the building will be installed. After this, the pipe sections are driven into the ground, with a margin of approximately 30 cm above the ground.

There is not much difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse. They differ from each other only in size. Greenhouses have a maximum height of one meter. Greenhouses can be various sizes, depending on how and for what it will be used.

After the supports are installed, pre-bent metal elements are attached. To make the frame more durable, the arches are secured with longitudinal rigid material. A metal profile or reinforcing rod is usually used as such material. It is attached to each arch. Boards are laid along the entire greenhouse; they will serve as a boundary between the beds. Then the film is stretched onto the finished frame. It is recommended to additionally secure it with something heavy so that in a strong wind it will not be torn off the greenhouse.

Attached greenhouse and thermos greenhouse

If you have a limited amount of space in your dacha, it is logical to use an attached greenhouse. Since one side will be the side of the house, the temperature in the greenhouse will be much higher, and accordingly the plants will grow faster.

These types of greenhouses can also be used as a greenhouse. To do this, it is recommended to install it on the southwestern or southern wall of the house. Thanks to this, a lot of daytime sunlight will enter the greenhouse and with it warmth.

Another advantage of an attached greenhouse is the ease of installing heating and electricity. The rest of the structure can be made of materials such as glass, polycarbonate or special film.

Distinctive feature Greenhouses - a thermos is that it is installed almost completely in the ground. First, a pit is dug about two meters deep. Then the foundation is made. After this, the walls are built. You can also choose the wall material. It is better to use wood, brick or foam blocks. As a result, only a small part of the roof will protrude above the ground. The roof can be made of the same materials as conventional above-ground greenhouses: polycarbonate, film or glass. To prevent snow from settling on the roof, it must be made gable.

In winter, the ground does not freeze at such a depth, so you don’t need to install it in a thermos greenhouse. additional equipment to keep the temperature constant. If you cover your roof with a special reflective film, this will give you the opportunity to collect and transform solar heat.

Many summer residents believe that an arched greenhouse is unstable. And then some of them decide to build a frame made of wood. In order to build a wooden greenhouse, a number of conditions must be met. The durability of such a greenhouse will be ensured if a good foundation is made for it. To prevent rotting of the wooden frame, it must be treated with an antiseptic.

A wooden greenhouse is also chosen for the reason that almost anyone can build it without special skills. Woodworking is much easier than, for example, metalworking. When using metal as frames, you need basic knowledge plumbing and welding. To protect the greenhouse from freezing, it is recommended to use. This will be more reliable and additionally protected.

Making the foundation

The first step in building a greenhouse is making the foundation. To do this, a trench is dug around the perimeter of the greenhouse. The depth is about 20 cm and the width is about 30 cm. Pegs are installed along the entire length of the trench, to which formwork boards are nailed. After this, a frame of reinforcement with a diameter of about 10 mm is installed in the formwork. It is believed that this particular diameter is well suited for making a frame. The frame parts are fastened with wire and then welded. When the frame is made, concrete is poured into the formwork along the entire perimeter of the trench.

To fill the entire void with concrete, you need to use a vibrator; if you don’t have one, you can make punctures in a spiral from the edges to the center to release air bubbles from the solution. Concrete mix becomes strong after 3 weeks. However, if the outside temperature is high, it is recommended to place a film on top of the solution.

How to make a wood frame

If you lay roofing felt on top of the foundation, the wooden frame will last much longer. Next, the tree is tied. To make it you will need a beam of 10 by 20 cm section. Its lower part is attached with self-tapping screws to the foundation. Then all this is united by metal plates.

Then vertical posts are installed to the bottom trim around the entire perimeter at a distance of 75 cm from each other. The upper part vertical design fastened with wooden strapping. For reliability, it is recommended to install spacers and struts.

A wooden greenhouse, like a thermos greenhouse, is covered with a gable roof. In winter, snow will not accumulate and the roof will not sag under its weight. Gable roof easier to install. To attach the material (glass, polycarbonate or film), you will need rafters. They are quite easy to make yourself from wood. You will need a beam with a section of 10 by 4 or the same board. The structure is assembled on the ground, and then installed on top of the greenhouse.

First, a structure like the letter “A” is made from two beams. And only then identical circuits are gradually attached to it. Then they are all connected together with ridge boards. These boards are attached to both sides of the roof. The rafters are sheathed with sheathing onto which the roofing material is attached.

Roofing material

Why do many people make greenhouses themselves? Most will answer that it is much cheaper. And this is actually true. The advantage of making it yourself is that you are your own designer. Choose your own size, shape, material, type of greenhouse. You also do the internal filling of the greenhouse yourself, as is more convenient for you. And if you use ingenuity and engineering skills, you can make automatic watering and ventilation.

At self-construction you choose the material for making the greenhouse. Depending on the purposes for which the greenhouse is installed, the material is selected accordingly. In order to grow vegetables and seedlings, you can use film. Polycarbonate or glass is needed if you want smart greenhouse. And in this case, vegetables and flowers will always be on your table.

Everyone knows that the harvest of vegetables and fruits is many times greater than the yield simply in the ground. But not everyone has the opportunity to purchase. Therefore, making a greenhouse yourself from film and wood is a very cost-effective step.

Film is used as a material, since it does not require an additional foundation. The advantage of film is that it is transparent.

Let's look at each material in more detail.

List of tools: axe, hammer, level, welding, knife, screws, nails, cord. This is a basic list of tools, but others may be needed depending on the type of structure.

Greenhouse with a wooden frame, covered with film

First, we take the bars, pre-soaked with an antiseptic and dried. Section approximately 50 mm. The concrete base is made first. First, a trench is dug, sand is placed at the bottom and filled with water. After some time, the trench is filled with cement mortar. It is better to observe the following proportions by analogy: 10 buckets of crushed stone, 6 buckets of sand and 2 buckets of cement mortar.

Next, the racks are made. You need to make 6 of them. 4 pieces for the side parts, about 2 m high, and 2 for the doors. To make the bars correctly, they are placed on a flat surface, the necessary measurements are taken, and only then they are attached to the base with screws or corners with nails. Using a plumb line we measure the level.

Ridge beams are used at the top of the greenhouse. Fastened with nails. Then everything is covered with polyethylene. Cover with film with a small margin so that you can correct it later. Then the lath is fastened with nails to the beam.

DIY greenhouse with a metal frame

Metal arches with an approximate diameter of 30 mm are used as the base for such greenhouses. You can also take tarred timber, a metal corner or a sleeper, for example. Holes are drilled in the tree, 10 cm deep every 150 cm for arches.

The slats - purlins - are attached to the side. They are connected at the top by a ridge strip. The brackets are welded from the inside, slats are inserted into them and tightened with bolts.

Greenhouse with two frames

In such a greenhouse, the sides are wooden frames. For their manufacture, a 3 by 4 rail is used. The height is usually from two meters. The width is about one and a half. The film is stretched over the frames in 2 layers and only then the frames are installed in a finished wooden frame, selected to the size of the frame.

Scheme of a gable greenhouse made of frames

The scheme is the same as for a conventional greenhouse with two frames. The only difference is that the rafters are attached to the top.

To do this, we take slats, one side is the ridge, the other is the top of the structure. After fastening, the excess slats are sawed off.

Holes are made in the wooden beam for fastening the frame with nails. Part of the frame will be the side walls of the greenhouse, and the rest will be installed on hinges, like doors.

The greenhouses that we have now considered are summer ones. Various vegetables, fruits, and flowers are grown in them during the warm months to provide solar warmth and light. There are also winter greenhouses, they have a more complex structure, but they also have more functions.

Gable winter greenhouse with greenhouse frames

In this design of a gable winter greenhouse, polyethylene or glass is used as side walls.

At approximately a height of 40 cm, a foundation is installed in a 40 by 40 section. Next comes the brickwork. Beams are placed on the brick, in which holes for the frames have already been made. The beams are pre-treated with resin.

Beams with a diameter of 10 cm will serve as rafters. They connect the ridge beam and the wall beam.

Then you can start decorating the interior of the greenhouse. For example, you can install shelving. To ensure air circulates well, leave a small hole between the rack and the wall. The areas between the frames are sheathed with slatted boards.

Single-pitched winter greenhouse made of greenhouse frames

In order for the corridor inside the greenhouse to be about 80 cm, you need to make a pit according to the following dimensions:

• depth 85 centimeters;
• length 11 meters;
• width 3.5 meters.

If the frame is wooden, then the lower part of the beam must be treated with an antiseptic. The installation of such a greenhouse is no different from a gable one. To ensure that the stove chimney is used as efficiently as possible, 10 frames are installed.

• The greenhouse must have ventilation.
• The entrance should be on the east or west side.
• Roofing felt and boards are used as materials for the ceiling.
• The entrance to the greenhouse must be additionally fenced.
• Upon completion of construction, metal materials must be coated with paint.

Those new to greenhouse construction may want to try making a lean-to greenhouse or greenhouse first. The main difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse is that the ventilation of plants occurs due to the opening of part of the greenhouse. The greenhouse is easier to use; it can be disassembled and moved to another place at any time. You just need to keep in mind that short plants can be planted in a greenhouse. Most gardeners use a greenhouse to grow seedlings. Simply put, a greenhouse is a miniature greenhouse.

Single-pitched pit greenhouse made of film

Let's start with the size of the pit. The width is about one and a half meters, the depth is up to half a meter, the bottom is about half a meter. The logs are laid along the northern and southern walls. To prevent the frames from slipping, a groove is made on the south side or additional beams are nailed. Along the width of the greenhouse, frames with film with an area of ​​1 m by 1.5 m are placed. And depending on how many frames there are, this will be the length of the greenhouse. Welding can be used to connect frames.

Gable film greenhouse

First, the box is made. Dimensions:

• Height – 20 cm.
• Width – 1.6 meters.

Rafters are nailed to the sides every 3-5 cm. On top everything is connected by a beam, which also forms the ridge. The height will be about 75 cm. Every gardener can make such a miniature greenhouse. It is very fast and does not require large investments.

Rules for placing greenhouses and greenhouses

The location for installing a greenhouse or hotbed must be chosen correctly. There should be plenty of sunlight and no wind from the north. The best option would be Not big square on the southern part of your site.

You need to pay attention to the condition of your soil. If the soil contains a lot of clay or a lot of moisture in it, then such land cannot be used for a greenhouse or greenhouse. The best option would be soils that have been treated in advance against pests and diseases.

Let's look at how to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands? Almost every site has a greenhouse or greenhouse. These designs can be purchased ready-made. In our article we will look at how you can make a greenhouse yourself, what materials you may need and, in general, types of structures.

Types of greenhouses

One of the main advantages of homemade greenhouses is that you are your own designer and can think through and choose the design you need.

But before you start building, you need to carefully consider a number of details.

1. Select material.
2. Consider the irrigation system.
3. Do you need a foundation?
4. Ventilation system.
5. Dimensions.
6. Heating system.
7. Frame type.
8. Interior decoration.
9. Working space.

Addition. Structures, depending on their features, can be wall-mounted or stationary.

Characteristics of different types of structures

Before building a greenhouse with your own hands, a mandatory step is choosing a construction model. If the greenhouse or hotbed is adjacent to the house, then it will be economical in space and heating costs.

Most use solar heat for heating.

There are polygon greenhouses. They are distinguished by their uniqueness and complexity in manufacturing. Accordingly, prices for such structures are higher. But you will have a beautifully decorated garden plot.

Sizes of structures

Before you start building a greenhouse, you need to understand what size it will be. In this case, you will need to take into account the area of ​​the site and the size of the proposed space for the greenhouse.

Let's look at what you need to consider when choosing a size:

• If you plan to grow only seedlings, then you can use the smallest size.
• If the plant will be grown entirely in a greenhouse, then a more voluminous structure is needed.
• When choosing a size, you need to take into account that the larger the area, the higher the cost of heating.
• The height of the structure directly depends on the height of the owner of this greenhouse and on the interior decoration (shelves).

Building a winter greenhouse: foundation

If the greenhouse or greenhouse is small in size, then a foundation is not necessary. However, many professionals in this field recommend using it during construction. Since the foundation protects the greenhouse from groundwater and dampness.

Types of supporting base for greenhouse structures:

• Wooden beams.
• Foam blocks.
• Brick.
• Concrete.

In most cases, homemade greenhouses are made from a wooden frame.

Greenhouse materials

An important quality of wood is its environmental friendliness and thermal insulation, which is very important for seedlings. Negative trait use of wood is its tendency to rot. Therefore, now they prefer to use galvanized steel as a frame.

Any beginner in this business will be able to independently assemble a metal frame. You just need to take into account that the thermal insulation may be deteriorated.

Building a winter greenhouse: materials for construction

Before you start building a greenhouse, you need to select a material. When choosing it, you need to focus on such qualities as strength, light transmission, and good thermal insulation.

Materials such as wood, glass, polycarbonate, metal arcs, polyethylene pipes have all of the above properties.

Consider the quality of materials:

Glass is environmentally friendly and transparent. Cons - it breaks easily and weighs a lot. And also in terms of price - this is not the most economical option. Glazing will require a lot of time.

Polycarbonate, like glass, is environmentally friendly. Retains heat well and is resistant to mechanical damage. This is a very important characteristic, since the structure will not collapse under the influence of hail and stones. Its strength compared to glass exceeds 100 times. It comes in two types: honeycombs and sheets. They differ from each other in structure and manufacturing process.

Cellular polycarbonate has greater light transmission, since its material and structure scatter light across the glass.

The sheet is similar in structure and characteristics to glass.

Winter structures are more complex in themselves, since during their construction it is necessary to think through heating and heat distribution systems. Many experienced gardeners recommend, or rather, believe that a biofuel-powered polycarbonate greenhouse is the most optimal for winter. During construction wall greenhouse You can consider the option of connecting to the heating system of the whole house. It will also be beneficial from an economic point of view.

What is biofuel?

• Household garbage.
• Compost.
• You can use manure.
• Horse manure is the most valuable fuel.

Advice. Horse manure is mixed with household waste - garbage and evenly distributed over the peat litter.

Main feature This greenhouse means huge savings on temperature maintenance and utilities. Plants can be grown all year round, even in the most severe and frosty winter. Excellent level of light penetration, which is not always the case in conventional greenhouses.

Main features of this greenhouse:

The main advantage is that starting from a depth of 2 meters, the soil maintains the same temperature constantly: in winter, in summer, in frosts, and in rains.

Note. There are slight changes depending on the groundwater level; the closer they are to the surface, the more noticeable the temperature fluctuations.

A good example is a well. In the well, both in summer and winter, the temperature is constant, above zero.

At a depth of approximately 1 meter, temperature changes are noticeable: in winter +5, and in summer up to +10.

The base of the greenhouse can be heated to such temperatures using a heated floor. And to maintain air and soil humidity, it is necessary to use drip irrigation.

Note. A thermos greenhouse can be built in just one season, without using any special equipment and without high costs.

Digging a pit. Land work for a greenhouse

Since the greenhouse goes into the ground, the main part of it, you need to dig a hole of at least two meters. Only then will the soil not freeze, but give off its heat.

The underground part can be as long as you like, but the width is limited - only 5 meters.

Note. You can make the width larger, but then the natural heating and reflective properties will be worse.

The shape can be any, the main thing is to orient it to the west-east side. One side will be thoroughly insulated with foam plastic or glass wool, and the second should be well lit by the sun.

The foundation will be poured along the edge or concrete blocks will be laid, so the edge must be well leveled.

Construction of the wall

When the foundation is completed, you can begin to lay out the walls. On the concrete base there will be a metal frame on which the thermal blocks will be attached.

• Best material for the roof it is polycarbonate.
• Installation takes place on a metal structure with lathing.
• It is necessary to thoroughly strengthen the attachment points.

How best to make thermal insulation and heating:

WITH inside A special film is attached to the walls; it retains heat perfectly.

Advice. In regions with very cold climates, a foil-coated film and a double base layer can be used to retain heat; in relatively warm regions.

The main function of reflective insulation is to maintain positive temperature and, as a consequence, humidity and level carbon dioxide. That is, everything that is important for the normal growth of any plant.

Even inside the greenhouse, it is necessary to provide “heat accumulators”.
Note. “Heat accumulator” - this can be any container with water, for example, bottles; they heat up well and quickly and gradually cool down over time, maintaining the temperature.

The base will be heated using underfloor heating. When using it, it is very important to protect the wires from damage by garden tools and moisture. To protect against both aspects, you can lay it in concrete; an easier way is to cover it with a mesh - but this is only from garden tools.

Heating of the floor in a greenhouse is often done under tiles, and plants are planted in pots, tubs, and lawns.

Note. For plants, the main thing is compliance optimal temperature 25-35 degrees Celsius and humidity levels.

How to build a roof in a greenhouse with your own hands

When the walls are completely ready, you need to prepare the roof for the greenhouse. The best option for a 12 meter structure - polycarbonate.

It is necessary to provide when constructing a roof:

• Heat retention inside the greenhouse is achieved through the use of double polycarbonate (cellular) coating.
• To connect 2 polycarbonate sheets, each 4 mm thick, take a profile pipe gasket.
• The snow itself will not melt on such a double coating, so you need to use a thermal circuit; it will turn on and off using a timer.
• The use of double coating reduces heat loss during heating, but light transmittance is reduced by approximately 10%.
• We prepare the rafters in advance - we impregnate them with protective agents.
• The connection occurs in 1/2 of the tree, and the jumper is attached so that the length at the lowest point is up to 5 cm.
• The rafters prepared in advance will serve as a support, the lintels are removed, and a ridge beam is placed under them.
• The outer rafters are nailed to the ridge beam using ordinary 20 cm nails.

Once the roof is assembled, it can be painted; after the paint has completely dried, the polycarbonate is attached. For fastening you need to take wood screws. Therefore, an iron corner for the roof is attached along the beam, and a special gasket made of heat-insulating material is also used.

The junctions between the polycarbonate and the roof parts must be well taped with adhesive tape. After all preparatory work you can mount the polycarbonate roof in place and secure it to the walls. Then you can move on to arranging the interior space.

Our main goal is to build a greenhouse for the winter period and provide heating in it with little money and labor costs. In this article we will consider the most economical ways to maintain heat and heating, and the choice of materials that best minimize losses.

The design must be solid, designed for long-term use, as inexpensive as possible, economical in terms of heating.

How can you achieve savings?

Let's divide the question into two parts. We have to:

• Build a structure that will absorb maximum heat on sunny days and release minimum heat due to radiation and concept.
• Choose the most inexpensive method of heating in winter (and not only) - taking into account how it will be done and how much operation will cost.

Construction

First, we sweep away greenhouses using film or made of wooden frames, with glass, in one or two layers. Why?

In the first option, you can forget about heat conservation in principle. Losses due to convection are very large; and further this material too easy to accidentally damage. In winter, all these facts will definitely lead to the destruction of the crop. Such a greenhouse is inexpensive in terms of financial costs. But its thermal insulation properties are practically zero.

In the second option, there will also be a practically unsolvable issue - heat leakage through the holes between the glass and the frame. Wood can dry out or change shape when humidity changes. Also, due to the effects of snow and rain, the frames must be coated with protective compounds, for example, painted, every year.

What remains?

Can choose

• Metal-plastic greenhouses, with several layers of glazing.
• Greenhouses on metal structures with polycarbonate.
• Metal-plastic.

In this case, there are many ready-made structures and all we have to do is choose it and pay for the material and installation.

Basic principles to consider when designing

If we consider the amount of solar energy that can be obtained, then the best option would be with a pitched roof directed to the south. In this case, the sun will almost constantly shine on it at almost a right angle.

The northern wall is being built opaque. It also needs to be insulated from the inside with foil insulation - foil inside. With such a construction, the heat and light entering the greenhouse will be reflected from the foil and hit the beds at right angles. Since from the physics course we know that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Attention: you cannot make a roof with a slope of less than thirty degrees. In winter, snow can accumulate, which is undesirable for obvious reasons.

What do we get? The advantages of this solution are durability, wear resistance and good thermal insulation. The main disadvantage is the amount that will have to be spent on purchasing such a greenhouse. The price of 1 square meter starts from 2,500 rubles; if you plan a large area, you will end up with a substantial amount.

Polycarbonate

Cellular polycarbonate gained popularity very quickly after its appearance, due to its combination beneficial properties. Even when used in one layer, good thermal insulation is provided due to the cavities inside. Air is one of the the best thermal insulators.

Polycarbonate is almost 15 times lighter than glass, which practically eliminates the question of structural strength.

This material is easy to bend and shape the required form. Polycarbonate can be used together with an arch-shaped frame without any difficulties or problems. By the way, this design eliminates the problem of snow; the arch does not trap snow and it does not accumulate. Simple fastening, with self-tapping screws to a metal structure, and ease of processing.

The simplest recommendations are possible due to the characteristics of polycarbonate and the type of metal structure. The strongest frames are made from profile pipes. The arch is formed using a pipe bender, and the structure is assembled by welding. The cross-section of the pipe for the arch is 20*40 mm, the corner posts are made of pipes with a diameter of at least 40*40 mm.

Ventilation windows are a must; they will help plants survive sunny days. Greenhouse using prof. pipes, with a pitched roof - simply assembled with bolts. Slopes at corner posts are needed only during the assembly of the structure; in the future, polycarbonate will provide rigidity.

Even cheaper and easier to manufacture is a galvanized profile, which is used when working with drywall, but it is not so resistant to lateral loads (in the wind). When using it, you need to make the roof slope 45 degrees; even minimal accumulations of snow are undesirable.

At the end, polycarbonate sheets with open honeycombs must be sealed using special strips or sealant. Thus, we will reduce heat loss due to convective flows inside the cells.

Heating

How to start heating inside the greenhouse yourself? Let's consider the most available options solutions for small greenhouses. We will only consider air heating, because the use of radiators, their installation, pipe routing, all this will not be cheap. And there is a high probability of freezing this system in winter.

Gas

Heating using a main gas pipeline, how to do it correctly? A simple solution is a convector; how many of them are needed will depend on the area of ​​the greenhouse. Thermostats that are used in the design of this device allow you to get results without having to worry about adjusting burners and other issues.

Combustion products will go to open air through the pipe, and air will flow through it to maintain combustion.

If the size of the greenhouse is large, you can install a gas boiler. The heat exchanger can be blown with a fan; if necessary, warm air is distributed using aluminum hoses. Thermal insulation, as when using a boiler to heat a house, is not needed, we have one room.

With the onset of cold weather, work in the garden and vegetable garden comes to an end. And summer residents have to leave their plots with regret. Despite the fact that growing fruits and vegetables only becomes interesting towards the end of the season. But if you build a heated greenhouse on your summer cottage, you can grow anything you want even in severe frosts in winter.

Construction type

First you need to choose the type of greenhouse, and only then begin calculations and construction. The choice options depend on the purpose of the site and its features, on the location. Avid Gardeners They recommend designs using polycarbonate as a material. This is the easiest and most popular option. Another good option is a thermos greenhouse. It's being built late spring or in the summer, because you need to have time to prepare the soil for planting. Polycarbonate structures can be made at any time of the year. This material is very popular because it has a number of useful qualities from the point of view of greenhouses.

With a small thickness, polycarbonate creates necessary thermal insulation. It has a honeycomb structure, and the honeycombs are filled with air, which has better thermal insulation properties.

The weight of polycarbonate is 15 times less glass, so no reinforced frame is needed. This material is very easy to make arched structure, it bends easily.

Paperwork

If a greenhouse for the winter period is on your own plot and you do not want to create large-scale production, and accordingly use the labor of hired workers and sell legal products. persons do not need to prepare documents. To sell on the market, you only need a certificate stating that you grow them on your own plot.

The owner of a large greenhouse farm using hired labor, the harvest of which is sold through shops and in cafes and restaurants, needs to register entity. You can also register individual entrepreneur or private agricultural enterprise. This will allow you to achieve tax benefits, although all this is difficult.

Where should we build?

The greenhouse must be placed so that most of the sun's rays reach it. It is necessary to ensure that shadows from houses, buildings and trees do not fall on it. The sides of the greenhouse should be oriented north and south. Also keep in mind that wind significantly increases the heat loss of the structure.

Having located the greenhouse in right place, you will get the exact opposite effect from what you expected - in the form of large heating bills and poor growth vegetables and fruits that you grow in it. When building a winter greenhouse with your own hands: covering materials, types of heating, location on the site and type of structure, you need to choose based on what plant crop you will grow. An important fact is financial capabilities that need to be taken into account.

Features of construction

Many amateur gardeners, when faced with this question for the first time, wonder what the differences are between a regular greenhouse and a winter greenhouse. But the differences between them are significant.

Before you start building a winter greenhouse, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with all the important points and its features. Temporary structures are assembled from separate frames. Since the weight of this structure is light, it does not require a foundation. Greenhouses using polycarbonate as a covering can be mounted on posts made of ordinary brick.

The winter greenhouse is a solid construction. It has electricity and heating. The rigid and heavy frame allows you not to worry about the loads arising from wind and snow. But for it it is necessary to make a solid foundation.

An ordinary greenhouse can be small in size. It all depends on how many and what crops you will grow in it. Growing vegetables in winter in most cases occurs for further sale, therefore the requirements for the greenhouse area are completely different, they start from tens of square meters.

The material for covering this structure can be absolutely anything. But the best, most affordable and reliable is polycarbonate.

Before you begin building a winter greenhouse, you need to consider the possibility of severe frosts and, as a consequence, the need for additional thermal insulation.

The location of the greenhouse must be chosen very carefully, because this is a capital building for more than one year. It's good if it happens flat area, well lit and without buildings nearby. You also need to take into account the humidity of the ground on which the building will be built; it should be within normal limits.

The foundation for the greenhouse can be made using a finely buried reinforced concrete strip. Since the foundation must be solid, not for one year, when pouring it, you need to do everything in accordance with the requirements.

When the base is ready, you can assemble the structure frame onto it. Factory-made structures are usually supplied with drawings and photographs that will greatly help during installation. Polycarbonate sheets are attached to the frame with rubber washers. To ensure a tight seal, their edges can be sealed with tape. To ensure an influx fresh air Several windows are made into greenhouses. If you have a desire to grow vegetables, but you don’t know how to build a winter greenhouse yourself, you need to contact specialists or buy a factory-made structure.

Heating type

The type of heating used must be selected based on the usable area of ​​the greenhouse. Small spaces can be provided with heat using a stove. If the areas are large, then you need to choose from:

• Water heating.
• Electric heating.
• Biofuels.

To use water heating you will need pipes, a tank and most importantly a boiler. The pipes can be buried in the ground or placed directly under the racks.

Electric heating can be air or underfloor heating. Infrared heating is also very often used. The “warm floor” system is similar in design to a water system. A system consisting of heating cables is installed in a small recess. And then it is covered with layers of sand and fertilized soil. Air heating can be organized using fan heaters. Infrared heating provided by IR heaters located on the ceiling.

Biofuel is the most inexpensive heating method.

Biofuel can be: manure of any cattle or horse, decaying wood and bark, hay or straw.

Biofuel is located under a layer of fertile soil. For proper heating of this type of heating, it is necessary to have a constant flow of air and maintain the required level of moisture in the air.

Only you decide which type of heating to use in your greenhouse. Each option needs to be considered from a financial point of view. You now know how to build a winter greenhouse for growing plants. You need to figure out how to place everything in it correctly - the layout of the internal space.

How to arrange the beds?

If you will grow plants of the same type in a greenhouse, you can arrange the beds in parallel. Please note different cultures may not get along next to each other. To breed them together, you need to use division into separate zones. For example, it will not be possible to grow tomatoes and cucumbers side by side, because they require different methods of watering - tomatoes need to be watered directly at the root, while cucumbers need a drip irrigation system.

Finance, profit, payback period

Correctly calculating the income from a winter greenhouse is very difficult, and sometimes impossible. The calculated profit and profitability of this entire enterprise greatly depends on the distance, the city, markets and the harvest obtained. A more or less realistic return on investment period is two or three years.

Sales channels

Fruits, vegetables and herbs are products that are in constant demand during the warm season, and especially in winter. Growing food in winter has the best profitability because prices for fresh herbs, tomatoes and cucumbers are very high.

Sales market

Grocery chains and small shops, and even supermarkets. They sell a very large volume of vegetables every day, so concluding supply contracts with them is very beneficial for you as a farmer. But it will be necessary to register a legal entity, and these are costs that need to be taken into account. Although, if the crop that turns out to be grown is large, you can think about this sales market. Market, all beginning gardeners sell herbs and vegetables here. Rent a kiosk or tent or place and you can start selling your harvest.

Direct sale of herbs and vegetables. You can place advertisements on highly specialized websites, forums, and message boards on the global network. And there will be buyers very soon.

One of the lightest and easiest to install and assemble is a greenhouse using a wooden frame, which is covered with a special greenhouse plastic film. The main advantage of this structure is the availability of materials, speed and ease of installation. Disadvantages: fragility of the coating, which can be easily damaged.

Another design came to us from the Soviet greenhouse farms. Glass is used as a covering material. Its advantage is the possibility of operation all year round, if heating is installed and double frames are made for the winter period. The light transmittance is ideal compared to any other material. The disadvantages are the complex construction and the fragility of glass as a material.

The type of greenhouse that is worth paying attention to is the increasingly popular structures coated with cellular polycarbonate. The advantages include long service life, low weight, wide temperature range, excellent rigidity and strength parameters. The disadvantage compared to glass is that light transmission is about 90 percent.

To install a polycarbonate greenhouse, you need to pay special attention to the foundation. How to make a foundation? You need to dig a small ditch with an approximate depth of 10 to 30 cm, and the length and width are calculated based on the required area. The base must be protected from moisture - apply waterproofing, this can be roofing felt. If there is a strip foundation, then it is necessary to install formwork from any remaining garden plot materials. The fittings can be replaced with any other metal; remnants from old pipes and pieces of steel wire are also suitable.

Since the length of the brick is 25 cm, the width of the brick foundation will be the same.

The height of the foundation will be about 20 cm above ground level. The height of the foundation will need to be increased if you use high beds. Recommends an increase to 50 cm. This way you get a wall small size. It will also be installed in it.

We've sorted out the foundation. Now we need to make a choice between ready-made material or draft.

What is rough material? This different kinds rolled metal for the frame, polycarbonate, gaskets, etc. A greenhouse made of such materials can only be of a certain shape, since they narrow the list of shape choices. At first glance, it will look like a small house with a transparent roof and walls. This is due to the fact that in houses without certain skills and necessary equipment, it is difficult to make arches from a power frame.

A greenhouse made from this type of material has an advantage - it is economical to build. There is no need to draw up a project, you do not need to buy materials and tools for installation, and you can install the greenhouse yourself without hiring contractors. For construction you will need the following tools: a drill, a hammer, screwdrivers and a hacksaw for working on metal.

On the sheet you make a drawing with the dimensions of your building in order to have an idea of ​​​​the general appearance of the greenhouse. It is not necessary to comply with GOST standards; your drawing is enough. The most important thing is that you yourself understand what to do and in what sizes.

Recommendations for installing this type of greenhouse are not practical, since each gardener has different types of plot. And everyone will adapt to their own layout, and take into account all the aspects and features of their site when designing a greenhouse. The material from which you decide to build the greenhouse also matters during manufacturing.

Positive characteristics of this type of greenhouse:

1. Saving your time. Since the manufacturer himself calculated and did everything project work.
2. The kit contains all materials for installation. There is no need to search for materials.
3. IN ready set There is already a scheme for collecting greenhouses. After carefully studying it, you can easily assemble it yourself.
4. All elements have a specific size, as they were manufactured at the factory.

The negative point is that they are the same type. The market now offers arches in the form of a tunnel (arched type). The advantage of this design is that, due to its arched shape, it has greater light reflection. And also, water from rain will not accumulate on such a surface. The downside is that it is less durable and rigid.

Assembly should not be difficult. We take out the diagram, look at the drawing and clearly, following the instructions, assemble the structure, almost like assembling a construction set.

The most difficult thing when assembling a greenhouse is installing the polycarbonate. The most important thing is to strictly follow the instructions. The only recommendation is that if one person will assemble the greenhouses, then you need to prepare supports in advance.

Since it is quite soft, caution is required when working with it. And also during the assembly process you will need to cut and drill the material. The main thing here is to prepare in advance by marking with a construction marker.

When cutting material, we recommend using a utility knife approximately 3 knife segments long so that the knife does not go to the side.
Since polycarbonate is a ready-made structure, it has stiffening ribs inside. Therefore, cutting may be difficult. The main thing here is experience. You can start by taking a small piece of polycarbonate and working with it, so to speak, to get a feel for the material. And if you have a jigsaw, then, of course, use it.

Another important point during assembly. The set includes a vapor transmission tape. Be sure to use it. It will protect your greenhouse from excess moisture and dirt.

So, we have looked at several types of greenhouses. Each of them has its own special and distinctive characteristics. And when building a greenhouse with your own hands, the best projects for yourself will be those that will allow you to focus on your goals, tasks and capabilities. After all, it doesn’t matter at all what kind of harvest you have, the most important thing is that it was made with your own hands and will delight you and your loved ones with a wonderful harvest.

As a rule, planting is done in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular we're talking about about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. Let's see how to make it from almost improvised materials below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's determine the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

• A greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting them in open beds; plants can be kept in a greenhouse all year round;
• The required level of temperature in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil; in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party source of heating;
• It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What types of greenhouses are there?

The greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse at the dacha is presented below).

A stationary greenhouse can have all sorts of shapes; the most common model is the butterfly (it got its name due to the doors that open on both sides).

Portable, often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands; this is the same creative process as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before we consider how to make a greenhouse with our own hands, we will deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be taken into account that it must meet the following requirements:

• Good light transmission;
• Resistance to various types of deformation, such as strong gusts of wind;
• Easy to install and assemble the entire structure;
• Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is film, and here are its types:

• polyethylene;
• stabilized film;
• polyvinyl chloride

Covering materials include:

• agril;
• lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of light, lasts a long time, and retains heat.

The disadvantages: it gets very hot in the summer, there is a heavy load on the main frame.

Film

The advantages of this material include: low cost, low weight, no foundation required.

Note!

Disadvantages: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: transmits light well, high level thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a greenhouse frame

The frame is a kind of base for a greenhouse; most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

Wooden frame

The main advantage is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation you will need the following tools: hammer, screwdriver, saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden beams, ruler.

Note!

It is advisable to cover the wooden elements of the future structure with drying oil before the installation process.

Execution Sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage fastening; it will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and everything is temporarily secured with nails.

Side and corner beams are fastened diagonally with timber. Door frame installed on the side posts. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of ​​the points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roof beams must be fastened at an angle of 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of ​​the end points they must be supported by vertical guides.

The final fastening of the roof frame is done using corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Note!

Doorway

First the door frame is attached. Do not forget that in the middle and upper parts the opening is secured with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more wear-resistant.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special attachment for working with metal (disc).

The pipe is divided into two equal parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, and crosspieces are welded every half meter. The cut elements must be welded to the crosspieces.

Special tees are attached to the arch to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

Once the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut it off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of the polycarbonate is the one where the drawing is depicted. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the sections with sealing tape on top and perforated tape on the bottom.

First, the polycarbonate is attached to the top, then to the sides. It is attached to the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

Finally, the seal and door hardware are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (ventilation), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

A greenhouse is an indispensable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large harvest of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future. By approaching the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo

I want it to fresh vegetables Did they ripen from their own dacha in the spring and grow until late autumn? You can’t do without a greenhouse in the Russian climate. You can buy them in a factory version and assemble them like a construction set, but it will cost a lot. It is much easier to look around and build a greenhouse with your own hands from scrap materials. This way you can save money and get rid of unnecessary junk, which is still quite suitable for construction. Cheap greenhouses can be the most different designs and sizes.

Homemade greenhouse - the cheapest option

There is always enough building material in the garden plot that is suitable for building an inexpensive greenhouse. The structure frame can be assembled from:

• old wooden frames from windows left after replacement with plastic ones;
• bars, which any thrifty gardener has at their dacha;
• scraps of boards and substandard timber;
• leaky hoses and PVC pipes from watering;
• metal mesh, etc.

Installation option available metal frame. However, this will require a welding machine and skills to work with it. If you hire a welder specifically for construction, then it will be difficult to call the greenhouse cheap. It's better to find another option.

If you have to purchase a factory frame, then the most inexpensive of them is galvanized iron. It costs less than its aluminum or polymer-coated iron counterpart, but galvanized steel will last less, as it is simply afraid of corrosion. But iron will not bend under wind and snow like aluminum.

Glass, cellular polycarbonate and polyethylene are used to cover the frame. The last option is the first one that comes to mind when the question arises: what and how to cheaply build a greenhouse. But the film is unlikely to last more than a couple of years and only if it is removed for the winter and stored in a country house.

Diagram of the frame of a factory-produced greenhouse-arch

When purchased, polycarbonate will cost more than polyethylene, but it will last much longer. The most durable is glass. But purchasing it for a greenhouse is expensive. This option is exclusively for structures made from old window frames, when the glass is already there.

Advice! The most practical and cheapest greenhouse has arched structure. It is the most durable and reliable.

Structurally, a greenhouse structure can be assembled in the form of a small house with a gable roof or in the shape of an arch. The first option is familiar, the second is more reliable. The arched structure, sloping on all sides, calmly withstands gusts of wind, and the snow simply rolls off it.

Choice of coating: film or polycarbonate

Polyethylene film will cost less than cellular polycarbonate. But how justified is such “savings?” Due to temperature changes and constant exposure to ultraviolet radiation, polyethylene will crack and rupture within a maximum of two years. At the same time, it must be removed and put away for the winter, otherwise it will not survive frosts and snowfalls.

Cellular polycarbonate is more expensive, but it is not afraid of winds, snow and hail. It will serve well for several years. At the end of the summer season, there is no need to remove it and look for a place to store it.

This material is sold at different prices. It all depends on the thickness. The larger it is, the stronger the polycarbonate sheet. But the cost also increases.

The cheapest greenhouses made of polycarbonate are obtained if plastic sheets are taken 4 mm thick. This is the minimum possible size. For a small and inexpensive greenhouse this is quite enough, but for a spacious structure you will have to take 6, 8 or 10 mm polycarbonate.

Arched structure coated with polyethylene - cheap and fast, but short-lived

If we take into account one-time savings, then polyethylene is unrivaled. But for the overall benefit over the entire period of using the greenhouse, it is better to prefer practical and more durable cellular polycarbonate.

TOP most inexpensive do-it-yourself greenhouses

There are many options on how to build a greenhouse yourself and inexpensively. The four proposed designs were chosen due to ease of installation and availability of building materials.

"Greenhouse" from old window frames

Old wooden window frames are ideal for creating a cheap greenhouse. The first feature of such a design is the foundation; it must be strong and continuous around the perimeter of the building. It can be made in the form of a concrete strip, as for an ordinary house, but then you will have to spend a lot of money and effort.

The building made from window frames is more reminiscent of a glass greenhouse

The optimal base for a greenhouse made of window frames is:

1. A thick beam right on the ground.
2. Bored pillars made of asbestos-cement pipes with a grillage.
3. Screw piles with grillage.

The first of the three options is the cheapest and easiest to arrange. It will be enough to lay wooden beams or beams remaining after the construction of the roof along the perimeter of the future greenhouse.

Important! All wood must be cleaned of old paints and coatings and covered with antiseptics, and lumber in contact with the ground from below and on the sides must be covered with roofing felt or thick polyethylene.

Before installing the frames on the foundation base, remove the glass from them and remove all old paint. Then they are simply placed next to each other and tightened together with self-tapping screws, and the resulting cracks are filled with ordinary polyurethane foam.

All that remains is to make reverse glazing and make a roof - pitched or arched from polyethylene-covered boards.

Arch design made from a watering hose

This greenhouse option is even more economical. Every summer resident has hoses for irrigation or plastic pipes. They can be purchased for little money in any market. You just need to bend the hoses into half-arches and secure them.

A thicker timber or board is used as the foundation and rectangular base of the frame. A wooden rectangle is installed on the site in a selected location and metal rods are driven into the ground along its perimeter in half-meter increments. There should be about 30–50 cm of this pin under and above the ground.

It’s not difficult to build a greenhouse yourself from plastic pipes or hoses.

With elastic PVC pipes everything is simple - they need to be cut into pieces and each section placed on rods driven into the ground. You should get an arch of several half-arcs. To give the frame strength, several longitudinal wires are laid along the entire length of the greenhouse, which are connected to the already installed pipes with plastic clamps.

For flexible hoses you will have to prepare thick willow branches. This tree should be found in the nearest forest. After inserting the branches inside, the hose will acquire the necessary elasticity and strength. Next, the greenhouse is covered according to a scheme similar to the pipes.

Both polyethylene film and polycarbonate panels can be used as covering material. The result is a cheap greenhouse made of polycarbonate or polyethylene with high yields.

Metal mesh building

A budget greenhouse frame can be made from fencing mesh. It is elastic enough not to bend under the film coating. The wire product should be taken with cells of 10–15 cm and a rod thickness of 3–4 mm.

This design does not require a foundation. Both the floor and the roof of the greenhouse are made from mesh. The result is a light, durable and uniform structure, which is covered with plastic film on top and sides.

Frame made of steel mesh light and durable

In this case, it is better not to use polycarbonate. For it, rods must be selected of greater thickness, and this is an additional expense.

Advice! If you need to quickly build a cheap greenhouse with your own hands, then the construction from metal mesh and polyethylene is the most suitable option. To create it you will need at most two hours of work.

In order for the polyethylene to hold securely on the frame, it should be slightly wrapped inward and secured with tape. To form the door, you will additionally need bars from which the frame and frame are made. The door leaf is also a film.

Construction made from plastic bottles

Another affordable option for a cheap greenhouse is a greenhouse made from bottles made of plastic. After each visit, several empty copies remain at the dacha plastic containers. It either needs to be constantly thrown away, or somehow adapted in the household.

Greenhouse walls made of plastic bottles inserted into each other

The foundation and frame of the “bottle” greenhouse are made from ordinary bars. You will need to knock down two rectangular boxes. One is placed at the base, and the second rises to the height of a person and is fixed on wooden supports. If an elongated structure is needed, then reinforcing posts will need to be installed on the long sides.

Important point! Labels must be removed from bottles. They should be light and as transparent as possible so that as much sunlight as possible passes through the plastic.

The bottoms of the bottles are cut off so that they can be inserted into one another. A fishing line or wire is stretched between the vertical supports, which will hold plastic walls. Then the bottom bottle is fixed to the foundation with a self-tapping screw and the next one is placed in it, and then another and another up to the very top.

The roof is done according to ana logical technology from bottles. You can also stretch plastic film. Both options are acceptable.

Scheme of a greenhouse with a wooden frame and covering film

There are many inexpensive greenhouse and greenhouse structures. Making their frame yourself is not difficult. From the materials available at each dacha, you can build a completely suitable cheap greenhouse, which will delight you with rich harvests.

If you want to save as much as possible here and now, then you should use polyethylene to cover it. But those who want to get a more durable structure are better off purchasing cellular polycarbonate. It will last for many years and will pay off with interest.

In conditions of unfavorable climate and a relatively short summer season, a greenhouse becomes an indispensable assistant for a gardener. With its help, you can expand the boundaries of the growing season and get an earlier and more abundant harvest. And with some effort and resources, the gardener will have the opportunity to grow crops all year round, regardless of the weather and outside temperature. Do-it-yourself greenhouse - what shape and what to build it from?

The creation of any structure, be it a large house or a small greenhouse, begins with planning. The first step in this matter is choosing the design of the future building. There are many types of greenhouses, differing in their shape, complexity and cost of creation. What are they?

Table. Types of greenhouses that you can make yourself

Title, photo	Description
	A greenhouse, the cross-section of which has the shape of a semicircle or arch.
	The shape is similar to an arch, but more elongated and “pointed”.
	Classic version with a gable roof.
	It differs from a classic greenhouse in that the walls have a certain angle of inclination.
	A subtype of the classic one - the walls are vertical, and the roof has only one slope.
	It has no side walls, the roof starts almost from the ground level.
	It differs in that the roof slopes have different heights and slopes
	Most of the greenhouse is located underground - only the roof is above ground level.
	To save heat, the northern and side walls are made of solid construction and insulated.
	The building is in the form of a rounded dome, assembled from triangular cladding elements.
	Greenhouse in the form of a tetrahedral pyramid.

Now let's move on to a more detailed description.

Arched greenhouse in cross-section it has a semicircular or close to it shape. It is assembled from a set of arcs connected to each other by horizontal frame elements. One of the most common forms of greenhouses in the CIS. To make a frame of sufficient volume, not much material is required, which reduces the cost of the design. Its low cost does not in any way affect its strength - a well-built arched greenhouse stands out due to its high resistance to snow and wind loads. And thanks to the arc-shaped shape, the sun's rays, regardless of the time of day, fall perpendicular to the cladding of the structure, as a result of less energy loss through reflection and refraction, the plants inside receive more light. The disadvantage of this design is that it is not so easy to make from metal or wood at home.

Important! There is one more drawback of arc-shaped greenhouses, but it is very subjective - not everyone likes the appearance of such buildings. Therefore, if you want to get a structure for growing plants that will also please your eyes, pay attention to other types of structures.

It is a development of buildings of the previous type. It has a rounded but more elongated shape, reminiscent of the end of an arrow. Compared to arched greenhouses, such a building has an even higher resistance to snow loads - snow does not linger on an overly steep roof. But finding ready-made drawings and making a lancet-shaped frame is even more difficult than an arched one.

By the way! In English-language sources and materials devoted to gardening, such greenhouses are known as gothic arch (or translated as “Gothic arch”).

Also known as classic or . Previously, a couple of decades ago, it was the most common design. It features acceptable illumination levels and large volumes. In addition, it is much easier to build - the frame of a classic greenhouse consists of straight metal or wooden elements. But the downside of such a design is the high consumption of material, which is reflected in the cost of the structure. In addition, the “house” requires supports and jibs that will protect the roof from being crushed by snow masses.

Also sometimes called "Dutch". It differs from the previous design in that its side walls are not located vertically, but at a certain angle. Due to this, more sunlight penetrates inside the plants. Requires a strong frame and a good ventilation system.

Lean greenhouse outwardly it looks like a “half” of a house, where only one slope remains of the roof. Similar option Most often it is built as a small extension to a house, barn or fence. Is used for early growing seedlings for planting in open ground.

Are you planning to switch to cultivating plants indoors, but do not have enough experience in this matter? Are you planning to grow seedlings? Ask yourself these questions, and if the answer to at least one of them is “yes,” then it’s time for you to think about it.

Placed in the right place, it receives maximum solar energy, so the presence of windows is mandatory here, otherwise in hot weather the plants will simply overheat. It is relatively simple to build, but the useful internal volume leaves much to be desired. Often part of the building is located below ground level.

Created by the horticultural expert of the same name and Doctor of Agricultural Sciences. It differs from a classic or arched building in that the slopes or halves of the roof have different heights. A vertical wall is formed between them, where a series of vents are mounted. As a result, the greenhouse achieves the most effective ventilation and air circulation, which has a positive effect on plant productivity.

It differs from a regular greenhouse in that the level of the slopes is different - one of them, facing the north side, is higher, and the southern one, on the contrary, is lower. In the middle, at the junction of the slopes, there is a vertical wall with transoms along the entire length of the greenhouse.

It is created with the expectation of maximum accumulation of solar energy and maintaining the optimal temperature for crop growth even during the most severe winter cold. To do this, the building is immersed in the ground up to the roof, which acts as a kind of heat insulator. The main problem of such a greenhouse is the enormous labor costs during construction due to the need to dig an impressive pit. In addition, the structure needs good protection from groundwater.

This is another example of the implementation of the idea of ​​saving heat in a building. To do this, the northern side of the building is made of solid brick, timber or other material and is insulated from the outside. Inside the greenhouse, in addition to plants, there are bags of gravel and other objects that accumulate heat during the day and then release it in the evening and at night. As a result, the gardener receives a building in which he can grow vegetables even in winter and with minimal heating costs. Further, in one of the sections of the article, special attention will be paid to a greenhouse with solid walls and a solar battery.

Exotic and rather rare types of do-it-yourself greenhouses are buildings in the form of and. The cost of their construction is many times higher than that of buildings of classical forms, but at the same time they have an unusual appearance and outstanding qualities in terms of accumulating solar heat and providing a microclimate inside.

In addition to the shape, greenhouses differ in the period of operation and are divided into two types.

1. Seasonal– simple structures without any heating systems. Used from spring to autumn, they allow you to “push” the boundaries of the summer season.
2. or winter - built and equipped to work in the cold season, capable of providing optimal conditions for the growth and maturation of agricultural crops even in sub-zero temperatures outside.

Now let’s move on from the structures and forms of buildings to the materials from which they are created. First, let's look at the frame - the basis of any greenhouse.

Frame materials

There are three main groups of materials from which the greenhouse frame is made:

• wood;
• metal;
• polyvinyl chloride

The most commonly used wood is rectangular and square timber. Despite its average cost, it is highly technologically advanced - working with such material using ordinary household tools is very simple. With proper assembly and use of supports, struts and jibs, the frame made of timber is very strong and reliable.

Wooden square beam

Important! The main enemies of wood are mold and rot. This problem is solved by two measures. The first is the choice of high-quality larch timber, a type of wood that is most resistant to rotting. The second is the treatment of frame blanks with 2-3 layers of antiseptic impregnation.

When choosing timber for the greenhouse frame, be sure to pay attention to the following things.

1. Humidity – the wood must be properly dried, otherwise the greenhouse frame will shrink seriously after construction.
2. The presence of a large number of knots is undesirable.
3. Wood fibers should not have serious defects.
4. Individual pockets of mold are not allowed.
5. The timber for the greenhouse frame must match in size and straightness.

Due to the characteristics of the material and the fact that creating bent parts from wood with your own hands is a complex and labor-intensive process with a high percentage of defects, timber is rarely used when creating arched or lancet greenhouses. At the same time, it is excellent for buildings of classical shape.

The next material for the greenhouse frame is metal. It is represented by many types of steel and aluminum profiles. The most popular is a profiled pipe with a cross-section of 20x20 mm or more. With a relatively low weight and low cost, it is highly durable. In addition, if there is a high-quality zinc coating or powder coating, the profiled pipe is durable and resistant to corrosion. Fastening of frame elements made of this material is done using self-tapping screws, welding, nuts and bolts and special crab-type connectors.

Important! The production of bent frame parts for an arched greenhouse from a profiled pipe is possible using homemade machine, which is easy to assemble.

In addition to this, from metal products corner, ceiling profile for plasterboard and W-shaped are very popular roofing profile. They are even lighter and more convenient to process, but the downside of this advantage is less strength and low resistance of the finished structure to snow loads.

And the last group of materials for the manufacture of greenhouse frames is polyvinyl chloride pipes and profiles. They are quite flexible and cheap, easy to use, store and transport. Polyvinyl chloride frame is suitable for light summer greenhouse small area.

Prices for profile pipes

profile pipes

Sheathing for a greenhouse built by yourself

From above, the frame of the greenhouse is covered with transparent material, allowing a significant portion of sunlight to pass through.

The following is used as cladding:

• glass;
• film;

Several decades ago, glass was the main material used in the construction of greenhouses, greenhouses and conservatories. It has high light transmittance and does not react with chemical compounds. Also, glass is not subject to any corrosive effects and is characterized by high durability - a frame made of wood or metal will quickly become unusable. But the latter benefit is debatable - the material is also known to be brittle, and any stone or thick branch can turn durable glass into a pile of sharp shards. Therefore, in recent decades it has been replaced by transparent polymers.

One of the representatives of such materials is polyethylene film. If you were looking for something very cheap to cover the frame for one season, film is your choice. But keep in mind that the material is short-lived and fragile.

Important! There are separate types polyethylene film with reinforcement. It gives the material strength, increases its service life and resistance to wind.

The third material for greenhouse cladding is cellular polycarbonate. This is a relatively inexpensive material with high impact strength - in a situation where the glass breaks, the polycarbonate will only wrinkle or receive several small cracks. In addition, it is lightweight and very flexible, making it ideal for greenhouses with rounded frame elements. The presence of honeycombs filled with air gives polycarbonate best thermal insulation among all cladding materials.

As for the disadvantages, they are as follows:

• gradual destruction of material under the sun;
• the need to take into account during installation the significant expansion of polycarbonate when heated;
• Without protection of the ends, the polycarbonate cells will quickly fill with dirt, condensation and mold, the material will bloom and become unusable.

To create a greenhouse with your own hands, it is important to choose the right high-quality polycarbonate. An important criterion the manufacturer must be in the selection. There is no need to chase cheap prices and buy Chinese materials. A proven high-quality polycarbonate manufacturer on the domestic market is the Kinplast company. Its assortment offers several brands of cellular polycarbonate: WOGGEL - a premium material created in collaboration with European colleagues; SKYGLASS – represents ideal price-quality ratio; AgroTITANIUM and polycarbonate SPECIAL FOR GREENHOUSES - designed for creating greenhouses and hothouses, helps create an optimal microclimate for plants, and has an affordable price.

Video - Making a greenhouse with your own hands from A to Z

Prices for cellular polycarbonate

cellular polycarbonate

Do-it-yourself greenhouse with a permanent wall and heat accumulation

Winter greenhouses with the ability to grow seedlings, vegetables and berries even in cold weather have been known to gardeners for a very long time. But they have one significant drawback - high heating costs. How to solve this problem? Firstly, it is necessary to limit the loss of such valuable heat. For this purpose, in the greenhouse presented below, the northern half is allocated as a utility room, and between it and the beds there is a solid wall covered with mineral wool. In addition, the building is equipped with a heat accumulator.

This battery is a network of fairly thick pipes laid underground and with outlets to the outside. During the day, sunlight warms the soil in the greenhouse, which does the same to the air in the pipes. At night, the temperature in the greenhouse drops. Warm air, obeying the laws of physics, rushes upward, cold - down into the pipes. There it warms up from the soil, the cycle repeats, the circulation of air masses begins, the temperature in the greenhouse remains within limits suitable for seedlings and plants.

Let's look at the construction of such a structure in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Step 1. A site is selected, measurements and delineations are made. A pit with a depth of 30 to 70 cm is dug, its walls and bottom are leveled. To speed up the construction process large greenhouse It is advisable to use special equipment.

Step 2. Formwork for the strip foundation is constructed along the edges of the pit.

Step 3. Concrete is poured inside the formwork and a strip foundation is created.

Step 4. The bottom of the pit inside the perimeter is covered with thermal insulation.

Step 5. Horizontal pipelines are laid on top of the thermal insulation to ensure air circulation.

Step 6. The ends of the air ducts are arranged, everything inside the foundation is covered with earth.

Step 7 The frame of the northern and side walls of the greenhouse is being constructed. Instead of wood, you can use brick or concrete blocks.