For finishing country houses apply various materials and technologies - plaster, siding, lining and others. But along with these classic ways to decorate and protect the facade of a cottage, brick cladding is used, and it is used not only for buildings made of stone, but also for wooden buildings. And if brick goes well with stone or concrete, then when cladding wooden cottages one must take into account that violation of technology leads to a lot of problems - from increasing the level of humidity in the house to the formation of fungus on the walls and their destruction. Therefore, before starting such work, make sure. that you really know how to tax wooden house brick correctly, and without consequences in the future.
Does a wooden house need brick cladding?
The compatibility of a wooden house and brick cladding quite naturally worries owners of wooden estates, because in their structure wood and brick are completely different materials.
Although brick itself is an excellent building material, building an individual residential building from this element alone, especially taking into account our climate, is not the best best option. Because artificial stone has high thermal conductivity, and it is for this reason that the outer walls must be thick enough. But using it as a facade lining of a wooden frame is already more profitable and effective method. With proper insulation, this method will help to significantly save on heating costs and give the building a clear view capital structure. Therefore, along with modern plaster mixtures, PVC cladding and lining, brick cladding is very often done.
However, when constructing such reliable protection Some nuances need to be taken into account. For example, physical properties wood or the specifics of using vapor barrier.
Subject to technology, between brick and wooden wall vapor barrier and insulation are laid Source stonemuseum.org
An incorrect approach to combining materials can cause certain difficulties: from increased humidity in the premises to fungal damage to wall elements. And this will eventually lead to the destruction of the frame. Therefore, it is important to entrust construction work to qualified specialists.
Pros and cons of a wooden house lined with brick
The need to combine building materials that are completely different in all respects is a responsible job, and not everyone is capable of such a task. Therefore, it is worth thoroughly weighing the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution before coming to final conclusions about the advisability of facing a house with brick.
The positive aspects include the following factors:
Improving the appearance of the building. If the house is made of gas or foam concrete, then it needs cladding in any case - for protection from moisture and simply for beauty. But wooden houses are built precisely because of their original appearance, which many would consider blasphemy to cover with brickwork. However, if the building is old and has lost its visual appeal, then in this case, facing the house with brick will not hurt, the photo below is an example of such a case.
If the boards of a wooden house are darkened and weathered, then facing with brick will hide all the flaws Source postroiv.ru
Reducing the likelihood of fires. In fact, this is not such an important argument, because many wooden houses have been standing for decades. In addition, in the vast majority of cases, fires start from the inside.
Significant reduction in building heating costs. But this is only possible if high-quality insulation is used - otherwise, a noticeable effect from a decorative brick wall is unlikely to be achieved.
The wooden frame is perfectly protected from destructive influences atmospheric precipitation. This is a fairly serious argument in favor of cladding - unlike siding and similar coatings, the strength of brickwork is much higher.
There are also plenty of disadvantages:
Wooden buildings are characterized by some changes in size during their operation. Therefore, a rigid connection to the brickwork is not made - the facing material and the wooden frame must be independent of each other, and this is a rather complex technical task.
Brick belongs to the category of heavy materials. Therefore, when facing a new house, it is necessary to calculate the foundation accordingly - both in width and in bearing capacity. If the cladding is done to an old house, then the foundation will have to be strengthened.
If the foundation was initially designed for light walls made of wood or cellular concrete, then for an additional brick wall the foundation of the house will have to be strengthened Source besplatka.ua
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer the service of exterior finishing and insulation of houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
When constructing a residential building, in order to maintain an optimal microclimate, one must be guided by the rule: the vapor permeability of the building materials used changes from lower to higher values in the direction “from inside to outside.” If artificial stone is used to protect the log house, the situation will change in the opposite direction. As a result, condensation accumulates in the insulation. IN winter period it turns into ice and destroys the structure of the mineral wool. During the warm season, it creates comfortable conditions for the formation of mold and, as a result, rot. To avoid these consequences, façade ventilation must be installed.
In general, we can draw the following conclusion. Covering a wooden house with bricks is not the best optimal solution. If building a house is still only in plans, you should think carefully and weigh the pros and cons. Perhaps a more rational solution would be to build a structure from gas silicate blocks, and then work on the facade. Bricks and gas silicate blocks serve as a good complement to each other.
When building a house from blocks, brick finishing can be done parallel to the construction of walls Source blokerstroy.ru
It is worthwhile to cladding a wooden house with bricks only if the building is old, the wooden frame has darkened, and you want to have a more attractive façade of the building.
Facing brick: features and varieties
Industry in the production of various types facing bricks uses completely different technological approaches. This affects the final cost of the product. It is often difficult for a consumer to understand the huge range of artificial facade stones, so you need to know at least its main varieties.
Ceramic. Relatively cheap finishing material of this line. A rich color palette, a variety of various shades will not only significantly improve the facade of the building, but also lay out certain patterns. However, a significant drawback of the product is its high hygroscopicity. If water gets into the pores, then there is a high probability that at temperatures below zero the material will begin to crumble. After laying this façade element, the best solution would be to cover the wall with a water-repellent mixture (the main requirement is that such a composition does not form a vapor-proof film).
Non-firing (hyperpressed)– as the name implies, such bricks are produced by pressing. The main filler is lime, which is supplemented with various additives and pigments. The use of dyes helps to obtain a wide range of color palettes. The front surface of the product looks great, often imitating wild stone. However, it was not without its shortcomings. Although such a nonlinear surface looks decorative, it has a high probability of delamination. Due to the unevenness, water flows into the pores and hardens when frozen. Therefore, the use of hydrophobic impregnation will be very useful.
Clinker- it's actually the same ceramic brick. However advanced technologies allow you to obtain denser and more durable specimens. The components of the material practically do not absorb water. But it's not that simple. High performance characteristics during masonry result in some difficulties. A hard, low-plasticity solution is required, which is much more difficult to work with. Of course, judging by its appearance, this is probably the most attractive material, but it will cost the owners a pretty penny.
Silicate. The cheapest, but worst option for cladding. In addition, the product has a significant mass (15-20% higher than that of ceramics). This means a more solid foundation is required. Taking into account the costs of pouring it, the benefits of the chosen method of lining the house with facing bricks are no longer so obvious.
The facing brick has a beautiful appearance, correct and optimal dimensions. The variety of textures and colors is amazing, so the buyer has plenty to choose from, taking into account personal preferences. If we are guided by functional considerations, then facing brick is the most advantageous material; it reliably protects the wooden frame from negative factors external environment, increases the thermal insulation of the entire structure and improves sound insulation.
Deciding on the choice of material is not everything. Close attention should be paid to the shape and size of the holes. A solid finishing element is rarely used due to its high cost and heavy weight. The voids themselves can be both large and small. Given the same parameters, preference should be given to products with smaller holes (the strength of the masonry increases, and the amount of mortar decreases).
There is a nuance when purchasing hyper-pressed bricks - you should definitely inquire about the date of manufacture, since it must be used no earlier than three weeks after manufacture (during this period it will become much stronger).
Video description
About the variety and possible combinations of facing bricks, watch the video:
How to choose facing bricks for your home
Before you start work, you need to decide on the type of brick. First of all, everything depends on the goals and objectives that the owners of the estates set for themselves. If the goal is to improve performance characteristics, even sand-lime brick will do. And if the façade is important to the owners and you want to add your own flair to the exterior design of the building, it’s better to go with clinker or ceramic. In the case when it is planned to use other finishing materials after lining a wooden house with facing bricks, you can use artificial stone of any brand. Only in this case do you need to take into account the additional costs of plastering or other finishing options.
Methods for lining a house with facing bricks
There are many methods for lining a house with bricks. Let us review just a few:
Path laying method.
Block method.
Cross version (similar to block).
Gothic masonry.
Chain (Brandenburg).
Messy styling.
Professionals master almost all methods, and, if necessary, can combine them.
How to cover a wooden house with bricks
The process of cladding a wooden house comes down to the following main points:
It is advisable to purchase goods in one batch (there may be a discrepancy in tone);
Before starting work, it is necessary to process the wooden frame special composition;
If necessary, you need to strengthen the foundation or pour a new tape nearby;
Between brickwork and wooden frame there should be an air gap (thickness - 3-5 cm), if necessary, use insulation;
Laying must be done at positive temperatures (not lower than +5);
Before you start laying the first row, you need to level the base;
Start with corners nearby(height – 5-6 bricks). To make the connection more reliable, halves of artificial stone are not recommended;
The lining is done along a cord that is pulled between two corners.
Video description
For a clear overview of the technology of facing a house with bricks, watch the video:
Conclusion
From all of the above, we can conclude that it is enough to carry out such complex work professionals should. After all, working even with simple brick quite difficult: you need some experience and skill. And the use of facing bricks requires even greater skills and responsibility.
Brick is reliable and durable. This material looks attractive and presentable. But brick walls have one significant drawback: thermal conductivity. Even relatively warm ceramic material conducts heat well and does not sufficiently protect the building from the cold. In our climate, it will be necessary to build walls 64-90 cm thick to ensure sufficient thermal resistance. A more rational option would be to make the external walls of the building from other materials with insulation and cladding. How to cover a house with facing bricks? It's not difficult if you know the technology and the nuances of the work.
The house, lined with brick, looks solid and presentable, it is protected from wind and other unpleasant weather phenomena. This finishing option is used for both lightweight concrete and wooden houses.
How to choose facing bricks for your home
Before you line your house with brick, you should carefully select the material. It is important to select cladding not only by cost, but also by technical characteristics and properties.
Ceramic bricks are most often used in construction. This material has fairly good (compared to other types) thermal insulation properties. The disadvantage in this case will be high hygroscopicity. The technology involves the use of both ordinary ordinary material and special facial material.
Ceramic brick is simple, durable and easy to use
In the first case, it is strongly recommended to treat the external surface after installation hydrophobic composition. Facing brick does not need such treatment. The composition for treatment is selected with sufficient vapor permeability. This is especially important when finishing a wooden house with brick. It is required that the impregnation does not form a film on the surface that prevents the permeability of the walls to air and steam. Which brick to choose for frost resistance? The brand must be no lower than F35 according to the standards, and no lower than F50 according to the recommendations of the builders.
Another popular option is silicate material. It is the cheapest, but is not durable. Facing a house with this type of brick conducts heat well and absorbs moisture. Most often, silicate is heavier than ceramic. This option is not recommended when finishing a timber house (we also include a frame house and a log house).
Sand-lime brick is less durable than ceramic brick, but for 20-30 years you won’t have to worry about the problem To decorate bricks with your own hands, you can use clinker material. It is specially designed for cladding a house, therefore it has low moisture permeability and high strength. Clinker finishing looks attractive, but this pleasure is not cheap: prices are on average 50-150% higher.
Undoubtedly, clinker bricks - the best choice among all the options. You can choose almost any color and shade How to cover a wooden house with bricks
Brick and wood have very different characteristics, so certain difficulties may arise during the work process. When facing a wooden house with bricks, it is imperative to provide for sufficient ventilation of the main part of the wall. Otherwise, the wood will begin to rot or become moldy.
Before covering the house with facing bricks, it is worth carefully examining the wall pie. Three-layer walls with brick cladding in this case will include:
- wooden supporting part;
- vapor barrier;
- insulation;
- waterproofing and wind protection;
- ventilation gap min. 50-60 mm;
- brick lining.
1 – ventilation layer; 2 – fastening the cladding to the wall; 3 – facing brick; 4 – additional insulation with windproof membrane; 5 – vapor barrier; 6 – finishing; 7 – thermal insulation; 9 – log wall It is important not to confuse vapor barrier and waterproofing. The latter must be permeable to steam so that it can easily escape from the insulation and brick into the ventilation gap. It is recommended to use modern vapor diffusion windproof membranes.
To ensure free movement of air, when clad with bricks on a wooden house, it is necessary to provide vents in the lower part and outlet openings in the upper part. It is recommended to use mineral wool as thermal insulation. It is characterized by low cost, ease of installation and good air permeability.
Before properly covering a wooden house with bricks, you must wait time for the walls to shrink. This process can take a couple of years, so it may be easiest to re-clad an older house.
Advantages and disadvantages
In construction it is very difficult to combine materials with different properties. In this case, nuances always appear and negative sides. Brick facade decoration for wooden structure has three disadvantages:
- decreased ventilation, likelihood of moisture accumulation in the insulation;
- different shrinkage of parts of the wall, which does not allow rigid connection between the cladding and the main wall;
- the high mass of brick compared to wood (more than 3 times) forces the construction of more powerful and expensive foundations.
In general, we can say that it is better to decorate an old house with brick. For new construction, it is recommended to consider other more economical and efficient options.
But the technology has its advantages:
- improvement of thermal performance (especially when using ceramics);
- reducing the level of fire danger;
- reliable and durable protection of wood from negative weather conditions.
Technology
Cladding the façade of a house with brick is done after treating the wood with an antiseptic. You should choose a special impregnation composition for outdoor use. It will protect the wall from mold, mildew and other dangerous microorganisms. Next, a vapor barrier is attached to the wall using a construction stapler. Installation is carried out with an overlap of at least 10 cm.
Vapor barrier located with inside walls, will prevent moisture vapor from entering the insulation Facing the facade with brick begins with the installation of the sheathing. The dimensions of the frame bars depend on the required thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the thermal insulation can be selected approximately based on the recommendations of neighbors or the Internet, but it is better to use a special calculation. Using the fairly simple Teremok program, even a non-professional can make thermal calculations. You only need to know the thickness of the wooden wall and its thermal conductivity, as well as the thermal conductivity of the selected insulation. Brick (and all layers after ventilation gap) are not taken into account in the calculation.
The frame block is attached to the walls with screws or nails. Next, the house needs to be sheathed with insulation. Mineral wool is placed tightly between the sheathing. To do this, the distance between the bars should be 2-3 cm less than the width of the insulation.
Waterproofing and wind protection are fixed on top of the insulation. Fastening is carried out using a construction stapler. After such preparation, they proceed directly to lining the house with bricks.
The hydro-windproof membrane protects the insulation from wind and moisture, but does not prevent excess water vapor from escaping from the wall to the outside The thickness of a brick verst is usually 120 mm. This is not enough to ensure stability, so the wall must be connected to the main part of the external structure.
This can be done in two ways:
The fastenings are located in the places where the supporting frame passes The finishing installation technology is also relevant for frame buildings. The only difference is that the connections between the wall and the external materials are attached to the frame posts. In all cases, cladding must take into account the ventilation gap.
Reinforcement
To cover a building with brick, it is recommended to provide reinforcement for the finishing. To increase strength and rigidity, a wire mesh with a diameter of 3-4 mm and cells of 50x50 mm is used. The mesh is laid in the seams between the horizontal rows. The frequency depends on the brick:
- covering the building with a single brick (65 mm high) - every 5 rows;
- one and a half (88 mm high) - every 4 rows.
The dimensions of seams with and without reinforcement must be the same. To control, the mesh on one side is moved slightly beyond the masonry. This option increases reliability, but increases the cost and complexity of the work.
How to clad a house with lightweight concrete
In this case, a lined house can be built from aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete, cinder blocks, and expanded clay concrete. A house made of facing bricks is less breathable than the listed materials. For this reason, just as in the previous case, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap.
The installation method is very similar to a wooden house. The only difference is that you can use rigid connections between the wall and the cladding. The minimum number of connections is 3 pcs. per 1 sq.m. Ties are not allowed to be placed in the seams of the main wall; they are nailed to the surface.
When constructing a building from fragile cinder blocks, it is recommended to build a frame that will take the load from the floors and other building structures. In this case, the walls will be self-supporting. Finishing the house with facing bricks is attached to the cinder block very carefully.
Your own brick-lined house is beautiful and reliable. But when carrying out work, you must follow certain recommendations.
Any construction of facing bricks is required only for finishing external walls building, the construction of which is carried out using conventional solid brick. Facing differs from it in that it has a regular geometric shape with smooth edges and a pleasant color, evenly distributed over the entire surface of the stone.
Laying facing bricks allows you to make the facade of the house presentable.
Types of facing bricks and their purpose
For cladding houses, a special type of brick is used: façade. It has its own subspecies:
- silicate;
- ceramic;
- hyper-pressed;
- clinker.
Building stones of each of these types have special performance characteristics, since they have various technologies production and composition. They determine the purpose of each type of stone. Any of these finishing bricks may not have the usual parallelepiped shape, but a figured one. Such products are called shaped. They are used to bring the most interesting design ideas to life.
Shaped bricks can have the following shapes:
- trapezoidal (with two beveled ribs);
- chipped (with one of the edges trimmed like artificial or natural stone);
- twisted;
- wedge-shaped;
- curly.
Each of these types of building stones may have a different surface texture. Manufacturers achieve the spectacular appearance of their products by using two technologies:
- glazing;
- engobing.
In addition, finishing bricks can have a smooth or textured surface. Glazed stones have an impressive glossy layer, which is applied either to a raw material or to a finished product. The glazed coating can be of a variety of colors and shades. Such bricks are often used where it is necessary to apply the effect of artificial aging of an object.
Angobe bricks have a smooth matte surface. They are ideal for finishing facades of residential and public buildings any number of floors. Engobing involves applying another finishing layer of clay to the raw material. Due to this, the thermal conductivity of such stones is lower than that of other types of bricks. This property is actively used to provide buildings with additional insulation.
Whitish-gray sand-lime brick does not have such high aesthetic characteristics, but is often used as a finishing material for facades various buildings. Silicate stones are produced by pressing. The composition of the stones includes lime, clay, quartz sand and water. Lime gives the product its color.
Ceramic facing brick is a leader in performance and aesthetic characteristics. This construction material made from high-quality clay by firing. Various pigments are added to the composition, which determine the color of the finished product.
Types of facing brick masonry
Finishing facade work can be carried out simultaneously with the construction of walls or after completion of their construction. Any of these methods involves ligating the lining with load-bearing wall building. It is done using metal tabs in the seams. To fix finishing bricks to the walls of a building, steel binding wire is often used. To perform the work you need:
- bubble building level at least 80 cm long;
- trowel or trowel;
- hammer or mallet;
- a metal rod with a square section of 1x1 cm, which is required to form an even masonry seam of equal thickness;
- a round metal rod with a cross-section of 1x1 cm, which will be needed for jointing.
You can create real masterpieces from facing bricks. There are many types of masonry made from this material, which provide the building with a stylish and presentable appearance. Types of facade masonry:
- Gothic;
- Dutch;
- Silesian;
- tychkovaya (several varieties);
- spoon (several varieties);
- chain;
- cross;
- Flemish;
- chaotic.
The cladding of the building is carried out by the most experienced builders, familiar with all the nuances of finishing work, the beginning of which is checking the evenness and horizontality of a special protrusion on the foundation of the building, provided during its construction specifically for the construction of the facade.
If necessary, this protrusion is leveled using cement-sand mortar.
Masonry technology using facing bricks
- Mixing mortar for masonry. For facade work, Portland cement of a grade not lower than M500 is used. The sand must be extracted from a quarry and sifted with high quality through a sieve with cells no larger than 2x2 mm. Special additives are added to the masonry mortar to ensure plasticity and frost resistance. The ratio of sand and cement is 4:1. Add enough water to form a creamy mass.
- A container of water is placed in the immediate vicinity of the work site. The bricks will be soaked in it. This is necessary so that the stones do not absorb moisture from masonry mortar, thereby provoking its premature drying and subsequent cracking.
- Lay out the bottom 4-6 rows in the corners of the building.
- To ensure the same thickness of the seams, use a metal rod: place it on top of the bottom brick and apply the mortar. Use a trowel or trowel to level the layer. Place another brick on top and hammer it with a mallet until the bottom edge of the stone comes into contact with the rod.
- A string is pulled between the corners so as to determine the level of each row of bricks when laying the walls. Continue Finishing work using a similar algorithm.
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd9YmNrlfyI
Linking the cladding to load-bearing wall performed every 4 rows in the following way: holes are drilled in the wall into which dowels are driven. A knitting wire is tied to these fasteners, the output of which is laid on the bricks of the finishing row. If this technology is followed, the facade will be durable and impeccable in appearance.
The first impression of the house and its owners is formed even with a fleeting glance at the home. By the facade of the house one can judge not only the taste of the owners, but also their lifestyle and preferences. Perhaps this is why brick does not lose popularity in suburban housing construction, allowing the creation of original and reliable buildings.
IN modern construction Brick cladding of the facade with various types of material is a popular way to solve three problems at once - strengthen, insulate and give an attractive appearance to suburban housing. Beautiful houses made of brick serve as a subject of admiration for friends, mild annoyance for neighbors and an excellent backdrop for selfies.
Light clinker brick in the decoration of a country cottage Source koloritinform.ru
Types of facing bricks
Material used for finishing façade walls, wears various names: front, facade, facing. He takes the impact environment, therefore must have special technical characteristics. Several types of products are used in construction, differing in composition, production method and performance characteristics: ceramic, silicate, clinker and hyperpressed. If the shape of the product differs from the traditional rectangular one, then such a brick is called shaped.
Clinker
Clinker is one of the the best materials for finishing the facade. For its production it is used unique technology and a special type of clay that is fired in a kiln at temperatures above 1000°C. The advantages of clinker products are:
Strength. The abrasion resistance of the material exceeds the characteristics of high-quality concrete.
Durability. The cladding will retain its qualities for at least a hundred years.
Far from it complete collection varieties of clinker Source assz.ru
Moisture absorption. Thanks to the firing conditions, it is only 8% (ordinary brick absorbs up to 15-25% of water).
Frost resistance. The material has a frost resistance coefficient of F300 and is designed for 250-300 freeze-thaw cycles. Products with a glazed surface (completely moisture resistant) are the most frost-resistant.
Decorative qualities. Additives introduced into clay during the production process provide about a hundred shades, from beige-yellow to dark brown. The front side of the clinker can have a matte, glossy, glazed or corrugated surface.
Thermal conductivity. Significant, like any stone; is 0.7 W/(m✖ °C).
Features of masonry. Working with clinker requires skill - the material absorbs moisture gradually, and adhesion to the solution occurs slowly.
A layer of insulation is hidden under the clinker finish Source pinterest.com.mx
Color Difference. Even in one batch, there are products with different shades, which delays the laying process - builders have to spend time to beautifully (evenly) distribute dark and light stones along the wall.
Solution. To lay clinker, a special (and more expensive) solution is required; the usual composition does not provide high-quality masonry, and the cladding may “float”.
Ceramic
The advantages of ceramic facing bricks are:
Frost resistance. Quality invaluable in northern climates. Along with strength, frost resistance is the main indicator of the durability of a material. The combination of characteristics and price/quality ratio makes ceramic brick an ideal material for Russian weather conditions.
Strength. Thanks to the small volume of porosity, the masonry is durable and resistant to natural vagaries.
Diversity. The industry produces products of all kinds of shapes, colors and textures. This diversity makes it possible to build beautiful brick houses that imitate ancient buildings and to successfully restore old mansions.
High quality ceramic cladding Russian frosts are not scary Source d-haus.ru
The disadvantages include:
High price. Bricks undergo multi-stage processing, which affects the final cost (when compared with silicate products).
Requirement for solution. The masonry mortar must be of high quality, otherwise you should wait for the appearance of efflorescence - a deposit of evaporated mineral salts.
Color differences. Bricks from different batches can differ greatly in tone, which can ruin appearance facade.
Hyper-pressed
This material belongs to artificial stones; it is made from cement, limestone and waste from other industries (marble, limestone, dolomite, shell rock), which reduces the cost of products. Hyperpressed brick is highly durable; it is used in finishing the facades of houses, gazebos, fences and garden paths.
Hyper-pressed brick for the most sophisticated taste Source klademkirpich.ru
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of brick houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.
The facades of brick houses of this type have the following advantages:
Material strength and correct geometry. Strength parameters exceed those of silicate and ceramic products. The size deviation is no more than 0.5 mm, which saves mortar and reduces laying time.
Ease of use. Cladding can be done not only simultaneously with the construction of the wall, but also on the finished facade.
Suitability for cladding. The material comes in a variety of colors and wide choice shaped products. It is frost-resistant, easy to saw and has low water absorption (5-6%). The chipping of the front edges perfectly imitates the texture of natural stone, which benefits a brick façade of any style.
Strength of masonry. One and a half times higher than ceramic, due to the improved quality of setting with masonry mortar.
Durability. The masonry will survive most walls - its properties are preserved for 150-200 years.
Fragment of a facade made of hyper-pressed “torn” brick Source ideal-prodakshn.od.ua
The main disadvantages of hyperpressed brick are its weight and high heat capacity. These features require strengthening the foundation and insulating the walls, which inevitably leads to an increase in the cost of construction work.
Silicate
Sand-lime brick finishing is widespread in private housing construction; its popularity is due to several factors:
Environmental friendliness. The manufacturing materials are sand and lime, safe (from the point of view of health effects) natural raw materials.
Strength and frost resistance. Important qualities for facade finishing, the service guarantee of which is 50 years.
Range. Colored and textured silicate bricks are produced for cladding. The color is obtained by adding artificial dyes, in contrast to ceramic products, which obtain the color by mixing several types of clay in different proportions. There are no shaped products.
Sand-lime bricks have a serious drawback - a low threshold of water and heat resistance, which prohibits their use for cladding foundations and chimneys.
White brick façade with contrasting trim Source houzz.se
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of building brick houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Brick facade: advantages and disadvantages
Brick has a thousand-year history of use, it was known to the builders of Ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire; today both construction and decorative material successfully used in suburban housing construction. Decorative brick It is used in internal (for cladding fireplaces and walls) cladding and is a popular material for adjusting the facade.
The advantages of brick cladding are:
Reliability. This is achieved due to the high strength of the material and its resistance to atmospheric conditions (humidity, temperature changes, precipitation, direct sunlight).
Durability. Brick is not susceptible to biological agents, is not subject to oxidation or corrosion and has a decent service life (50-150 years).
Video description
About the production of clinker products in the following video:
Practicality. The material has excellent sound insulation qualities, and the insulated facade serves as an excellent heat insulator. Many façade products are made hollow, which also helps retain heat.
Environmental friendliness. Facing brick is a natural material, in the manufacture of which clay and other natural substances are used.
Range. Present on the market Various types facing products in a wide range color palette, various shapes and textures. Thanks to such diversity and the work of the designer, the facades of brick houses acquire an individual appearance.
The material is not without certain disadvantages:
Weight. The weight of the brick cladding must be taken into account when calculating the foundation, as it is a significant additional load.
Solution quality. May affect the strength and appearance of the cladding (formation of efflorescence).
Yellow brick cottage creates an atmosphere of comfort Source himcomp.ru
Facade cladding options
Facing brick is in a great way to give a country cottage feel personality traits. Architects and designers know many options for decorative masonry, based on one technique - highlighting with color. All combinations of color and texture are conventionally divided into two ways:
Colored layout. A facing brick of one (or more) color is used, and a colored masonry mixture is selected for it, matching the tone or contrasting.
Used brick of several colors and textures; this allows you to highlight the elements of the facade and emphasize the main lines of the building.
Colored clinker cladding Source tr.decorexpro.com
To get a beautiful house facade, options are chosen based on certain rules:
The guideline is architectural style country house.
In order not to lose half of the attractiveness, you should remember that entry group houses, path and fence with gates should be single architectural ensemble.
Most often, an effective and sufficient technique will be highlighting the main elements of the facade with color- corners and windows. Using a material with a different texture or using different types brick dressings.
Painted brick facade Source ausmart.top
Cladding of wooden houses
Owners of frame and wooden houses made of timber or logs often resort to brick cladding as a way not only to decorate their home, but also to increase its service life. The house becomes more solid, acquires a solid appearance and a higher value on the market. The cladding of wooden cottages consists of three stages:
Home preparation. You need to make sure that the structure can support the additional weight. The structure is inspected and the quality of the floors is checked. Beams with cracks, traces of mold and other damage are replaced with new parts. The facade is being processed antiseptic impregnation and a fire retardant (flame retardant).
Insulation. It is carried out at will, for which mineral wool is used as a thermal insulation material. The material does not interfere with air circulation, allowing the wooden facade to breathe and extending its service life.
Cladding works . The facing layer is made with clay or silicate bricks at a distance of about 5 cm from the wall. The masonry is fixed with galvanized pins.
Cladding of a wooden facade Source himcomp.ru
Cladding of stone and brick buildings
The cladding device for these types of buildings has its own characteristics:
Insulation. Buildings made of stone and brick can be insulated with materials that do not allow air to pass through well, such as polystyrene foam. If the insulation is done with glass wool, a membrane film is additionally stretched. Thermal insulation material fastened to the wall with disc-shaped dowels.
Facing. The brickwork is connected to the insulation by securing self-tapping screws to disc dowels.
Video description
About choosing facing bricks in the following video:
Methods for finishing a brick facade
If it is not possible to finish the facade with brick due to limited resources and time (installation of brick cladding is a long and painstaking task), materials that can imitate brickwork will come to the rescue:
Facade panels or tiles with brick imitation.
Clinker tiles for brick.
Brick siding finish.
All these materials are practical and easy to use and maintain. They are used for cladding facade walls and plinths, and decorate openings and facade details. The market offers a large selection of shades, shapes and sizes, allowing you to create a brick look of a country house that is almost indistinguishable from a real one.
Modern Vacation home in English style Source neanderthals.ru
Styles of facades of brick houses
Centuries of the use of brick as a building and facing material led to the emergence of many methods and styles of building design, resulting in beautiful brick facades of private houses, photo different styles We suggest you look below. There are several popular trends in decorating modern brick houses:
English style. The most popular cottages are those whose facades are made of red brick, although a house made of brown brick will not violate the canons. The direction is characterized by clear geometric shapes, restraint in palette and decor, precise proportions and a small, neat porch. Modern english houses they still do without a basement, but the attic is an indispensable component of the image.
Gothic style. Country cottage in the Gothic style, it is a personal fortress with all (unlike its medieval predecessors) amenities and external attributes: strict lines of the facade, forged elements and a facade lined with brick. The rougher the material, the more brutal the building looks. The brick can be any color; To enhance the effect, the color of the roof and trim is selected in contrast.
Brick cottage in Provence style Source pinterest.com
Country or Provence. Both styles bear the features of free country life and look cozy and elegant; In design, brick is often combined with plaster and wood. It is traditional to distinguish brick facades by shades. For houses in the Provence style, cold tones (gray, bluish, white) are often chosen; for a facade in the country style - warm, from delicate beige and Ivory, to a rich curry.
European style. It combines the traditions of several European countries, including Germany, Denmark, Austria and the Netherlands. Most often, the facades of European-style cottages combine elements of half-timbering (medieval technology) with stone, plaster and brick. The facades of houses with gray and light bricks look practical and respectable.
European style - fabulously cozy and practical Source natelki.net
Historical direction. Brick facades of houses made in Romanesque or classic style, Rococo, Baroque or Art Nouveau style, look luxurious and majestic, but require the involvement of an experienced architect who can maintain the correct proportions and overall design.
Modern styles . These include constructivism, minimalism, hi-tech and eclecticism, which is fashionable today. The facades of such houses have their own characteristics and can be decorated with thousands of different ways, and brick will look appropriate everywhere. In exterior design, brick facades are often painted. This can be done on brick, immediately after the masonry has dried, or after plastering the surface.
Modern project - brick cladding and panoramic glazing Source pinterest.ru
Conclusion
Despite the diversity modern techniques suburban construction, brick facades still attract with their timeless elegance and reliability in operation. Using brick in exterior decor is a practical way to give your home a beautiful appearance and positive emotions for yourself.Building a house from one brick in our climate is not the most best idea: its thermal conductivity is too high, which is why the walls must be thick. But using it as a finishing material is more economically justified: facing a house with brick, with proper insulation, will help save on heating costs and give the building a “major” appearance. If the walls are made of foam blocks or other light and warm building blocks, then such finishing will also be windproof. Wooden houses are also covered with bricks, but in this case there are some peculiarities: it is necessary to ensure the removal of vapors from the wood, otherwise mold, mildew and expensive repairs with a complete overhaul of the finish will occur.
Which brick to use
Facing bricks are produced according to different technologies, due to which it has different characteristics and prices:
- Ceramic. Of all the finishing materials, it is the most inexpensive. One of the disadvantages is high hygroscopicity: 6-15% depending on the technology and batch. When water gets into the pores, it expands when it freezes, causing destruction and the brick begins to crumble. Even the special finishing one, in which in factories the bed (the part that ends up outside) is specially protected. The solution is to cover the wall with a hydrophobic compound after installation. Only those that do not form a vapor-proof film. When choosing, pay attention to this: excess moisture must be removed. Frost resistance of ceramic facing bricks is 25-75 cycles (how many times it can withstand freezing/freezing without deterioration). The higher this indicator, the higher the price. This is explained by high production costs.
- Hyperpressed or non-firing. This type of facing brick is produced not by firing, but by pressing. It no longer contains clay, but lime with various fillers and pigments. The possibility of using pigments allows you to obtain a wide color scheme. The front surface is often nonlinear, imitating wild stone. Looks decorative. But such nonlinearity threatens delamination: uneven surface, water flows more abundantly into the pores and freezes in cold weather. This is treated in the same way as in the case of ceramics: hydrophobic impregnation. The frost resistance of high-quality unfired bricks is stated by manufacturers to be from 75 to 150 cycles.
- Clinker. This brick is also ceramic, but a special technology gives it very high strength and density. Denser material absorbs water much worse. This is good for use, but when laying it it leads to difficulties: in order for the wall not to “float”, it must be laid on a hard, low-plasticity mortar, and it is more difficult to work with. Another disadvantage that limits the wide distribution of a material with excellent characteristics is that it is expensive compared to previous materials: prices are 50-150% higher, depending on the manufacturer. Frost resistance of clinker is from 100 to 150 cycles. Clinker cladding of a house with bricks is not a cheap pleasure, but it is the most attractive in appearance.
- Silicate. The cheapest, but also the most “quickly perishable” of facing bricks: its frost resistance is 25-50 cycles. It conducts heat better. Not much, but still: the average thermal conductivity of ceramic is 0.16, silicate is 0.18. In addition, it is heavier: on average, the weight of ceramics is 2.4 kg, silicate of the same size is 3 kg. More weight requires a more powerful foundation and the price gain (silicate is cheaper) is not so great. If you consider that heating costs will also be higher, then the gain is questionable. It is advisable to cover the house with sand-lime brick in warm regions. In the northern regions this is completely unprofitable.
Cladding a house with sand-lime brick is the most inexpensive, but, unfortunately, also the most short-lived type of finishing.
Choosing the type of brick is not everything. It is also necessary to pay attention to the size and shape of the holes. Full-bodied finishing brick rarely used: costs more, weighs more. On average, voids occupy about 28%, but they can be large and small. Given equal characteristics, give preference to bricks with small holes: the mortar will not flow into them. This will reduce the consumption of masonry mortar and increase the strength of the masonry.
If you decide to clad the house with hyper-pressed brick, it should be made no earlier than 15-20 days ago. During this time, it gains basic strength (about 80%) and can be transported and loaded without fear.
Please note that the brick packaging should not be exposed to water during storage. This is especially true if you are planning to leave it for the winter.
How to cover a wooden house (timber, log, frame) with bricks
The most difficulties arise when finishing a wooden house with bricks: the materials have very different characteristics, and it is not easy to make a good bond out of them. The whole secret here is the need for a ventilation gap between the cladding and the insulation layer, which is usually placed on a wooden wall. A windproofing membrane is laid on top of the insulation. Required condition- it must be vapor-permeable (Izospan A, Izospan AS, Tyvek HouseRep, Megaizol SD, etc.). Only under such conditions will there be normal humidity in the room and rot and fungus will not develop between the cladding and the wooden wall.
Instead of windproofing, you can protect the surface of the insulation with fiberglass or fiberglass. With sufficient thickness wooden walls The thermal insulation layer is simply missing, the wind insulation and ventilation gap remain.
The ventilation gap must be at least 60 mm. It stretches from the very bottom of the wall - it starts after the base - and to the top. To ensure air flow, ventilation ducts are made in the first row through which air enters. Exit holes are installed under the roof in the eaves. The area of ventilation holes is 75 cm2 for every 20 m2 of wall. The vents in the bottom row can be made in several ways:
- lay a brick with through holes on its side;
- partially fill the side seams with mortar (when laying the mortar, place a ruler, then remove it);
- make two or three holes and install gratings.
Regarding what kind of insulation to use. The most acceptable option is mineral wool in mats or rolls. The use of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene is undesirable: they do not conduct steam. This will lead to the wood rotting, and indoor humidity will be higher than normal.
Another important point: You can cover a wooden house with bricks only after the main shrinkage of the frame has taken place. And this is at least 1.5-2 years. In this sense, it is easier with old wooden houses: the main processes have taken place in them.
Pros and cons of a wooden house lined with brick
The combination of materials so different in all characteristics is a complex and completely ambiguous matter. From positive points can be distinguished:
There are enough negative points:
In general, this is not an ideal solution. If you are still planning your house, think a few times. Maybe it would be better to build them and then cover them with bricks. These materials coordinate much better and complement each other's qualities. It is worth covering a wooden house with bricks if the house is old, the wood has darkened, and it is necessary to give it a more attractive appearance.
Wall cladding technology
First the wood is processed protective impregnation for outdoor work. Then the sheathing is made of planed timber (also impregnated). The dimensions of the timber depend on the required thickness of the thermal insulation layer. Usually for Middle zone Russia needs a thickness of basalt wool of about 50 mm, for more northern regions from 100 to 150 mm. But specifically, everything is calculated depending on the thickness of the wall (made of timber or logs) and the brick chosen for cladding.
The insulation is laid very tightly, without gaps: the sheathing is padded taking into account its width. The distance between the bars should be a couple of centimeters less than the width of the insulation. This way the material will be laid with force. It will fit tightly to the sheathing, which will minimize the formation of cold bridges.
An example of brick cladding on the wall of a wooden and frame house
A windproof membrane is laid on top of the insulation. It must be vapor permeable, and if the vapor permeability is one-sided, then moisture must be removed from the room. Fasten the membrane with staplers to the sheathing. Next, leave a gap for ventilation of at least 60 mm and install a wall made of facing bricks.
How to do it right
There are several subtleties that you need to know. The house is usually covered with half a brick. Without support, the wall becomes shaky, especially when large areas. To make it stand firmly, it is tied to a wooden wall. There are two ways:
Single dressings should be located over the entire surface of the wall. There are different recommendations - at a distance of about 50 cm from one another or 4 pieces per square meter.
If you are planning to cover a house with bricks with your own hands, problems may arise with the horizontality and verticality of the masonry. The following technique can help, allowing you to simultaneously control all directions:
- Long pins are driven horizontally into the corners of the house under the roof and above the base. They should protrude from the wall at a distance greater than the entire thickness of the finish.
- At one corner, a wire is tied to the upper pin at a distance corresponding to the outer edge of the masonry and lowered down, movably fixed to the lower nail.
- A plumb line is used to check and set its verticality and firmly fix it.
- Also, a vertical wire is tied at the same distance at the other end of the wall.
- A horizontal cord is tied between two stretched strings. It will serve as a guide during laying: it can be moved upward as the rows are laid. Just every time you need to check the horizontalness using a level.
All of the above applies to frame houses. They also require a ventilation gap. The situation is similar: on the outside there is a material that conducts moisture much worse than those located inside. In this case, only wire or strips of tin for bandaging are attached to the frame posts.
To reinforce or not
In general, reinforcement makes the wall stronger and more reliable. Therefore it is better to reinforce. But this complicates and slows down the laying, which leads to an increase in the cost of work (if craftsmen were hired).
If you do it yourself, then you need to lay rows with reinforcement approximately every 5th row. A special mesh with a cell size of 50-50 mm or two longitudinal reinforcement bars with a diameter of 6 mm are used as reinforcement. At the same time, the size of the seam, both with and without reinforcement, should be the same.
The brick cladding of a house was filmed “live”, the laying technique was “under the rod”. The seams turn out beautiful, but water flows into them, which is then absorbed by the brick. Therefore, the seams cannot be left in this form. They must be filled with mortar and embroidered in the same plane as the surface of the brick. Then the absorption of water during bad weather will be significantly reduced, and the “life” of brick wall cladding will increase significantly. The laying process itself is demonstrated correctly: the mortar is laid carefully, and any drops that fall on the surface are immediately wiped away.
Facing a house with bricks made of aerated concrete, foam concrete and gas silicate
The vapor permeability of cellular concrete is also higher than that of brick. That is, the situation is exactly the same: inside the room there is material that removes vapors better. Therefore, to ensure a normal microclimate in the room and a long service life, a ventilation gap between the brickwork and the wall and foam blocks is necessary.
If you line a house made of aerated concrete (foam concrete, aerated silicate) with bricks without a gap, its service life will decrease by about 60%: condensation will accumulate at the boundary of the two materials. At low temperatures, frozen moisture will destroy the shell of the bubbles, gradually destroying the entire material and significantly deteriorating its characteristics.
Options for cladding an aerated concrete house with bricks and their characteristics
Additional insulation materials are used very rarely; if they are still needed, all the rules are the same as for cladding a wooden house: basalt wool, protected by windproofing.
The size of the ventilation gap is from 60 to 150 mm. Number of connections between two walls: at least 3 pieces per square meter of masonry, their cross section- not less than 5 mm 2 per 1 m 2. For connections, you can use screw or stainless steel nails with a length of at least 120 mm. They are driven not perpendicular to the wall, but at an angle of at least 45°. You can use galvanized strips with perforations, which are nailed on one side building blocks, and the second end is inserted into the brickwork, where it is bent at an angle. Note: connections should not be embedded in the masonry joints of the main wall. Only nailed to the front surface of the blocks.
The best cladding for walls made of aerated concrete and foam concrete is brick with a ventilation gap
Slag or slag-pouring house
Brick cladding in the case of buildings using slag is used more often when cracks spread along the walls. This happens mainly when the slag has exhausted its resource and began to crumble. On average, its service life is 50 years, it is reduced if the humidity of the walls is high.
Brick cladding of a cinder block (cinder block) house will only delay the inevitable: it will slow down the destruction, but will not stop it. The duration of the delay depends on the condition of the material and on measures taken. On average he is 8-15 years old. It is hardly possible to do without consulting a specialist: the cost of a mistake is too high.
In most cases, it is recommended to build a frame around the house, on which to transfer part of the load of the floor and roof, and carry out waterproofing work. One of which is the external protection of walls from precipitation using brick cladding. The brick is selected with the lowest water absorption. For greater protection, the masonry can be impregnated with a hydrophobic compound (but does not create a vapor-proof film). Penetrating hydrophobic impregnation of the main wall will not be superfluous. To do this, you can use impregnations such as “Penetron” and analogues. They will simultaneously strengthen the material and significantly reduce water saturation.
Watch the video about the practice of facing old buildings with bricks.
About choosing suppliers and prices
Prices for the same materials vary greatly depending on the region. To correctly assess the situation, you need to conduct your own market research: call or visit the largest suppliers, look at offers in the region online. During the call, you need to get technical data and find out prices. Then compare the characteristics of the brick and compare the prices.
What can I advise: do not buy materials that are too cheap. If the difference from the average market price is 15-20%, most likely these are the remnants of last year’s not-so-successful batch. For the rest, look at the ratio of price and declared characteristics.
Average prices in Moscow are as follows:
- silicate facing brick - 11-21 rubles/piece;
- ceramic facing - 18-35 rubles/piece (full-bodied 45-65 rubles/piece);
- hyperpressed non-firing - 25-31 rubles/piece;
- clinker - 27-40 rubles/piece.
After selecting several possible suppliers, look at their products in person. Smooth edges, uniform coloring, absence of cracks and any defects - this is what you should see.
About batch sizes. It is advisable to purchase the entire volume of material for cladding at once. This will help you save about 10-15%. Some suppliers offer large quantities to be delivered by dump trucks directly from the factory. This is cheaper and eliminates additional overload, which means less combat.
Another advantage of purchasing in bulk is that there will most likely be only one batch, which guarantees uniform coloring. In any case, facing a house with bricks is carried out from several packages at the same time. So even slightly different shades will not create color spots.
