Wooden windows can be made with your own hands, especially if they are required for a summer house, veranda, or outbuildings. The work must be performed especially carefully to maintain tightness and correct geometry designs. It is well known that wooden windows have high heat efficiency, durability and environmental friendliness. Natural material will become durable if you apply proper surface treatment with special means.
It is impossible to independently achieve such precise assembly of elements as is provided by machines in production. However, making wooden windows with your own hands is qualitatively possible if you follow the technology for connecting parts and basic elements. You will need the following tools: drill, hammer, chisel, screwdriver, glass cutter, milling machine or electric plane. First, the future window is drawn to scale on paper and the amount of consumables is determined.
Making a box
A popular type of wood is pine. This is the most accessible, inexpensive and practical material. The best alternative is oak, but it is better to make a window yourself for the first time from a less expensive variety. The board must be properly dried and free from knots, cracks, and deformations. Please note that the box will be fixed in window opening and bear the main load.
If you choose laminated veneer lumber as the material for all elements, the structure will be more durable, since it has good strength and resists deformation.
The size of the board is enough to take 150x50 mm. A groove in the shape of the letter L, 15 mm deep, should be made in the box blanks. The four parts of the block are connected to each other with wood glue, then holes are drilled and a wooden rod 3 cm long is inserted into them. It provides a rigid and motionless connection of the boards at an angle of 90º.
The box is mounted motionlessly in the prepared opening, that is, a hole is drilled in the wall, dowels are driven in and secured with self-tapping screws. The gaps between the wall and the block are sealed polyurethane foam. Features of this type of fastening: the board is mounted without taking into account its mobility due to temperature changes.
Making a window frame
To create a frame, you will need a beam of 6x4 cm or more, depending on the design of the window. The shape of its profile is determined by the number of glasses, their thickness, and the size of the glazing beads. The single-glass profile has 2 rectangular grooves (for glass and installation in a box). Another groove for the second glass is added to the double-glass profile. To make the profile shape, use an electric planer or a milling cutter. It is enough to choose glass with a thickness of 4 mm, glazing bead - 10 mm.
The frame is assembled from the prepared boards. To do this, strictly according to size, you need to cut them along the edges obliquely, that is, at an angle of 45º. The prepared profile will provide a tongue-and-groove connection; additional immobility is given to it using self-tapping screws. In this case, you should twist them so that the caps sink into the wood.
Preparation and insertion of glass
Correct determination of glass dimensions ensures its precise fit and the absence of cold bridges. It is advisable to take measurements with an accuracy of 1 mm. Cutting is carried out with a diamond self-tapping screw, the edges are polished sandpaper with fine grain. Safety precautions when cutting glass:
- work gloves to protect your palms from cuts;
- goggles to protect eyes from glass chips and dust.
The glass cutter moves along a ruler, the length of which should exceed the length of the glass. Then it is moved to the edge of the table and pressed with hand. The glass should break along the marked line with a characteristic sound. Glasses prepared in this way are placed in window frame for fitting, they pull it out. Next, sealant is applied to the grooves of the frame and the glass is finally applied. It is secured from above with a glazing bead, which simultaneously affects both the glass and the frame. It is fixed with thin nails. The beads can be made wider, then they are secured using thin self-tapping screws.
If the window consists of 2 parts, a vertical beam with the same grooves is mounted in the middle of the frame. One of the window halves is made separately and has a thinner frame. It is attached to the main frame using hinged hinges, forming an opening sash. The closing handle is screwed to it with self-tapping screws, and a groove is made in the vertical beam using a chisel to close the window.
Final installation
The finished window, created by yourself, is inserted into window unit and is fixed in the grooves. It is attached with self-tapping screws, which should go into the wall through the frame. For this, as a rule, they use mounting gun, which is used to shoot metal dowels into the wall. All cracks are sealed with polyurethane foam, and after it dries, the walls are plastered. The work is completed by installing the ebb and window sill.
Wooden windows have always been popular due to their positive properties wood, such as: high heat-saving characteristics, environmental friendliness and durability.
One of the advantages is also that making wooden windows with your own hands is a completely doable task even for a non-professional.
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Classmates
Of course, now they use more, which are cheaper and also have their undeniable advantages, but still wooden windows are classics and will always be popular.
Material for wooden windows
The most popular material for making a wooden window frame in our latitudes is pine. It is characterized by accessibility, low price and practicality. In terms of material characteristics, pine is superior to oak, but it is more expensive and therefore, for the first time, it is better to choose pine windows.
Process of creation
The basic requirements for the board are as follows. Firstly, it must be well dried, and secondly, it must not have knots or deformations. These conditions are important, since the box will experience the main loads, so its strength should not be in doubt.
Box made of laminated veneer lumber
The technology for making wooden windows with your own hands involves the use of laminated veneer lumber to make the frame. In this case, the box has the most robust construction. Glued laminated timber consists of combining individual boards into packages and gluing them along a plane. The boards in our case will be made of pine.
The size of the board is 15*5 cm. They are connected to each other by gluing. Then four holes are drilled and wooden pins are inserted into them. This connection will ensure the rigidity of the structure. The box is installed motionlessly in the opening, using self-tapping screws and dowels, and then the gaps between the opening and the box are filled with polyurethane foam.
Tool
We need to briefly dwell on the tools that will be needed to make a window.
- Electric planer needed for planing boards.
- Cutter for cutting boards.
- Rulers, corner, tape measure and some other measuring tools.
- Glue.
- Glazing beads, surface planer.
- Sealant.
- Protective equipment - eye protection glasses and regular work gloves.
If the window will be made for a summer house in which you do not live in the autumn-winter period, it will be enough to limit yourself to a thin double-glazed window.
Window frames
Helpful information:
pay attention to inexpensive windows made of “Krasnaya Gorka” wood: frame made of two-layer laminated timber (pine) 57x60 mm, single-chamber double-glazed window.
Window frame
If you decide to manufacture wooden windows with double-glazed windows, then you need to start by designing the window frame. The minimum beam that you will need to make the frame should measure 6*4 cm and will depend on the thickness of the window.
A profile for one window pane must have two rectangular folds, and a window with two panes must have one more. The production of the frame begins with careful processing of the timber. Then, using a surface planer, we make all the markings, after which we begin the installation of folds (grooves).
Making folds for the frame
The folds are made so that when the frame is assembled, they are in the same plane. Otherwise, the glass will be poorly sealed. In general, the dimensions of the grooves depend on the thickness of the glass and the type of seal.
Note!
If putty is used as a seal, the folds have a smaller width than when using glazing beads.
It must be remembered that strongly narrowed folds will allow the wind to pass through. The thickness of the grooves is also influenced by the width of the strapping beam.
Final frame assembly
The window frame is assembled in such a way that the tenons fit tightly into the grooves. For a tighter connection, a tenon must be installed. To do this, you need to first drill a hole along the diameter of the spike and lubricate it with glue.
In addition, at the end of the frame boards, to improve the connection, you can use a dowel. Its appearance will resemble a double swallowtail. To do this, a hole in the form of a trapezoid is made at each of the connected ends, into which a key is then inserted. Before completing the assembly, the joints are smeared with glue, and after assembly, the remaining glue must be cleaned off with a knife. When manufacturing a window with a sash, installation of fittings will be added to the above work.
Glass preparation
To prevent the window from blowing out, you need to carefully adjust the glass to the dimensions of the frame. To do this, you need to cut it diamond glass cutter. Before work, for safety, you need to wear glasses to prevent glass chips from getting into your eyes and gloves to avoid cutting your hands. Glass cutting is carried out with a ruler, which must exceed the length of the glass. After we have drawn a line with a glass cutter, we move the glass to the edge of the table and, using pressure, break off the excess part. The glass should break off according to the cutting done.
Inserting glass
Anyone who has an idea of how to make wooden windows should know how to correctly insert a window into a frame. First, let's try on the cut glass by inserting it into the frame. If the glass is cut correctly, then we take it out and begin to prepare the folds.
To do this, you need to apply sealant to them and insert the glass into the frame. We secure the glass using the top bead and secure it with a thin nail. When using a larger bead, you can use self-tapping screws to attach it to the frame.
When making windows that consist of two halves, another beam with the same grooves is installed in the center. One half of the window is made with a thinner frame and is attached to the main one using hinges. In addition, a handle is attached to such a frame, and a groove is cut out for the closing mechanism.
Double wooden window
Manufacturing of vents
Vents in wooden windows are an integral part and come in several types: mortise, split and sliding. The latter represent a rather complex mechanism and are difficult to implement on your own. The first option is made together with window frame and here maximum accuracy is needed.
The most the best option The vents in wooden windows are split, which are made separately from the window, and then, when finished, are inserted into the frame.
Note!
When making a split window, you do not need to use any special fasteners or special skills during execution.
The technology for manufacturing such windows differs slightly from the procedure for installing the window itself, only for smaller sizes. The difference lies in the installation of the opening mechanism, which usually consists of hinges, and the attachment of additional fittings, in the form of a handle with a closing device.
Final work
After completing all the work, the manufacturing technology involves lubricating the window surfaces with an antiseptic. After this, the window is placed in the opening and secured in the grooves. Then we fasten with self-tapping screws that pass through the box and fasten them to the concrete. Holes in concrete are made, most often, using a mounting gun.
After we have secured the window, we fill the cracks with sealant. You need to wait for it to dry and then plaster the sealing areas. The work is completed by installing the ebb and window sill. Thus, you can see that making a wooden window with your own hands is not an impossible task, and this distinguishes them favorably from metal-plastic windows.
Making wooden windows with your own hands video:
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Made from prefabricated glass panels, double glazed windows are beautiful and convenient. But they have one drawback: if the glass accidentally breaks, you often have to replace the entire window, which is both time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, if you need windows for a dacha or for some outbuilding, plastic windows economically unprofitable. It is much easier and cheaper to install wooden ones. And making wooden windows with your own hands is not so difficult, although it would be unfair to call this work simple.
Wooden windows are able to maintain the required level of humidity in the house, which has a beneficial effect on the internal microclimate of the room.
Selection of materials and tools
By making a window in a home workshop, and in addition, without sufficient qualifications, it is impossible to achieve its complete tightness and reliable sound insulation. Therefore, for a residential building, it is better to order windows from professionals. But for a veranda, bathhouse, barn or garage, anyone can try to make wooden windows with their own hands, as long as they have it at hand necessary materials and tools.
When deciding to make a window yourself, you need to take a responsible approach to choosing the material. The wood must be well dried, otherwise warping and shrinkage of raw wood cannot be avoided in the future. Also, the board should not have chips, cracks, knots, etc.
The window structure itself consists of a box, which is inserted into the window opening and firmly fixed in it, and the frame itself with inserted glass. For the box it is better to take wooden board with a cross section of 150x50 mm, and for the frame they usually use wooden beam with a section of 60x40 mm.
Pine or oak boards are used for windows. Oak is much more durable than pine, but also much more difficult to process. Therefore, novice carpenters first make window structures from pine and only after gaining experience and “getting their bearings” do they move on to working with oak.
Tools for assembling a window you will need:
- roulette;
- jigsaw or hand saw;
- drill;
- plane (preferably electric);
- chisel;
- drill;
- hammer;
- screwdriver;
- glass cutter
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Making a box
Despite the ease of manufacture, the box must be treated with great respect. After all, it is the box fixed in the window opening that will bear the main load. If it cracks or bends under the weight of the wall, it will be impossible to insert a window into it, and the glass of the inserted one will probably break.
The manufacture of the box begins with blanks. To do this, 2 pieces are sawn off from the board, the length corresponding to the width of the window opening, and 2 pieces corresponding to its length. The ends of the boards corresponding to the width of the box are turned into a tenon 20 cm thick using a jigsaw and chisel. And at the ends of the boards, measured along the length, a groove of the same thickness is made in the middle.
After this, for each board you need to select a groove with a plane that is 50 mm wide and 3-4 mm deep. The resulting ridges will subsequently serve as support for the window frame and contribute to better sealing of the window. Having completed the selection, all four sides of the box are connected to each other.
The corners are first fixed with wood glue, and then two holes Ø12-15 mm are made at the ends of the boards so that the drill goes through the top board and goes 10 mm into the end of the bottom board. Then wooden rods of the appropriate diameter are inserted into each hole. These rods provide immovable fixation of boards connected at right angles.
Typically, window frames are inserted into the wall directly during the construction of the walls, and frames are inserted after the roof is completed. The box must be inserted with the selected side facing outwards. Since the boxes are subject to significant loads for quite a long time, especially on their upper part, to avoid warping, temporary spacers are inserted into them before installing the frames.
These spacers are vertically inserted 25-30 mm boards, 10 mm longer than the distance between the transverse boards of the box. The lower part of the boards is cut straight, and the upper part is cut at a slight (4-5º) angle, so that the spacer can be inserted more tightly into the box, and later it can be easily removed from there. The number of spacers depends on the width of the span and is taken at the rate of 1 spacer per 40-50 cm of width.
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Window frame assembly
The shape of the window frame profile depends on the number of glasses inserted and their thickness. With a single-glass profile, the frame has 2 grooves: 1 – for glass, 2 – for a more airtight insertion into the box. For a double-glass profile, you will need one more additional groove. If you need three glasses in the window, it is better to make an additional single-glass frame that will be inserted into the frame from the inside.
First you need to cut the timber correctly. Having measured the distance between the boards of the box, mark the same on the beam, and then saw it off, but not straight, but at an angle of strictly 45º. The ends are sawed off along a converging path, i.e. one edge remains the same length, while the opposite edge becomes shorter. If the window is planned to be hinged, then you need to saw off 4 frame heights and 4 blanks corresponding to half its width plus 3 cm. If everything is measured and sawed off correctly, then the blanks connected together should form a rectangle, 1-2 mm smaller in size than the internal perimeter of the box.
On each blank that will be attached to the window frame, a cut of 10 mm wide and 5 mm deep is made on one side of the long edge with a plane to ensure greater tightness when installing the frame in the box. On the short edge, samples of the same size are also made. If the profile is single-glass, then on the short edge one sample is made at the diametrically opposite end from the one made on the long edge. With a double-glass profile, samples are made from both ends of the short edge.
Grooves are also made on the remaining two bars, but differently. They are made half the width and half the depth of the timber, but in a mirror image. That is, the grooves are made so that when they touch, the two halves are connected into a single structure. The same grooves must be provided in the ends of the horizontal bars connected to the vertical bars (this is where the extra 3 cm of width will go).
Two half-frames are assembled from these blanks. Next, as when assembling the box, holes are made at the ends, only smaller ones, Ø 8-10 mm. The ends are then folded together and connected with wooden rods. For greater reliability, long self-tapping screws are screwed into the end connections, making sure to recess their heads, and even better, the ends are fastened with metal corners.
Two assembled half-frames are attached to the window frame using small cylindrical hinges, 2 for each half-frame. The hinges are attached with screws: one half to the frame, the other to the window frame. In a static position, the two half-frames are fixed with latches or latches.
If the window will not open, then two options for the window frame are possible. If the window itself is small, then 2 frame heights and 2 widths are sawn off for the frame. Further operations for assembling the frame are completely identical to the casement window.
However, if the window size is large, then it is better to divide the glass into two or three parts. The frame body itself is assembled according to the same scheme, but 1 or 2 additional vertical beams, on which grooves for glass are made.
To do this, grooves are made on the frame body in the middle or at a distance of 1/3 from the edges on the back side of the frame for half the beam, and in width - for the width of the beam. On additional blanks with outside The spikes are made of the same width and thickness. Then the tenons are inserted into the grooves and secured with wood glue and self-tapping screws. Such frames are not attached, but simply inserted into the box. They are fixed with platbands, and the remaining cracks are sealed with polyurethane foam.
Select the type of wood you are going to use to make the window. For this type of work you will need well-dried planed boards. The cross-section of such boards should be 50x150 mm. Using an electric planer, it is necessary to make a groove on the board so that the profile board has the shape of the letter G. This installation event will contribute to the tightness of the structure.
Based on the size of the window opening, the board must be divided into four parts. The resulting parts must be connected to each other. The connection can best be made using a straight tenon or straight mortise. While working, it is necessary to cut out a tenon on one of the boards (which will perform a horizontal connection). A groove must be cut on the other board (which will make the vertical connection). The joints must be coated with wood glue and the boards must be joined. The connection of the boards of the box should be made at an angle of 90 degrees. To strengthen the structure, a hole is drilled in the end of the box and a wooden pin coated with glue is inserted. Also, to strengthen the structure of the box, it is necessary to install in the corners metal corners and attach them to the box with screws. The box will be prepared for further use after the glue has dried.
The frame is manufactured and connected using the same method as window box. In the process of manufacturing the frame, a beam is used, the cross-section of which should be 50x50 mm. In order for the frame to open and close easily, it is necessary to leave a gap of 1-2 mm between the frame and the box.
Step 4: Window Frame Tenon Joints
The profile must be divided into blanks and made on them finger joint using a saw, hammer or chisel.
It is necessary to install glass and hinges in the required places. After completing these steps, work on creating the window can be considered complete. The window must be treated with anti-corrosion materials and painted to protect it from moisture.
Thus, the article described and characterized the process of making a window frame with your own hands.
The designs of window frames (casements) are very diverse. Basically, the choice of one design or another depends on the desire and taste of the owner of the future home, on traditions and on possibilities.
Wood is a traditional natural material in manufacturing.
It is possible to make wooden window frames with your own hands.
Of course, this process requires certain skills and knowledge, but anyone who has a great desire to do everything with their own hands can do any kind of construction work, even making a window. A do-it-yourself window frame requires special care and precision from the craftsman during manufacturing.
Another important factor when choosing window design is the size of the window, the location of the building and on what floor the future window will be located. By making window frames with your own hands, you guarantee the uniqueness and individuality of your windows.
Design window sashes is divided into the following types:
- blind bindings;
- casement (opening) - there can be a different number of doors (from 1 to 3);
- lifting;
- sliding;
- With additional installation transoms or windows (one or more).
Wooden casement window frames are most often made using three elements. These are two opening doors and a transom fixed above them. The transom may be blind, openable, or absent altogether.
The components of the window sashes and transoms are frames (top, bottom and side) and slabs (impost). For corner connection For strapping, a double tenon is used, and to connect the slabs with the strapping, a single tenon with glue is used, using dowels for more reliable fastening.
The manufacturing process requires the craftsman to have certain skills and knowledge, as well as accuracy and precision. But anyone who has a great desire to do everything with their own hands can do any type of construction work.
Before you start manufacturing, prepare the necessary tools:
- thicknesser;
- chisel;
- construction knife;
- hacksaw;
- sandpaper (for cleaning);
- screwdriver or electric drill with drill attachments;
- plane;
- square;
- pencil or marker;
- ruler or tape measure.
Manufacturing technology
In order to make wooden window frames, it is necessary to select bars (square or rectangular) of the appropriate quality. They should be dry and free of knots. The quality of manufactured frames must be at high level since they have great importance while maintaining heat in the house.
- The first step is to properly process the block on one side.
- Then, using a surface planer, mark the risks on the second and third sides. Align the fourth side according to the intended risks, using planing.
- After this, you can plan the second side. It is important to achieve right angles between the sides of the bar.
- Next, using a thicknesser, you need to mark the first and fourth sides, and then plan the third side of the block.
- Now that all the bars have been processed in this way, you can begin to create folds. The folds are arranged so that in the finished frame their location is in the same plane. Otherwise, the glass will not have the required degree of compaction.
The size of the folds directly depends on the type of seal and glass, or more precisely, its thickness. If glazing bead is used as a seal, then the folds must be made wider than when using putty as a seal.
Another factor influencing the size of the folds is the thickness of the strapping bars themselves, as well as the slabs. Do not forget that too narrow folds will easily allow the wind to pass through.
Connections in which tenons are used are subject to particularly careful execution, such that it allows high density parts fit into each other, avoiding gaps and distortions. To make (cut out) tenons, use a hacksaw with a small and narrow blade.
When assembling a window structure Special attention should be paid to the angles of connection of the parts. The perpendicular position is checked using a square. External doors with a width of more than 700 mm are fastened with metal angles.
The connection can be made both from the side of the space between the glasses and from outside. If the bindings are of a summer nature, then the angles are placed on the inside.
During the manufacturing process, in those places where there is mutual abutment of the sashes and transoms, it is necessary to select quarters that make it difficult to blow through the porches. The sashes are treated with the help of strips that cover the gaps of the vestibules.
To reduce air penetration into the house, a seal is placed in the frame along the entire perimeter of the vestibule. This could be foam rubber, sponge rubber, cord, and so on.
If the frame design contains shutters, vents or transoms of an external nature, the lower trim must be made with a groove and ebb, that is, a drip tray designed to collect drops flowing down the glass.
When performing the steps of assembling and adjusting the bindings, pay attention to the fairly tight fit of the rebates with each other and in relation to the box, more precisely, to its quarters. If this is not done, then dust will enter the house through the cracks, and in the cold season it will create a heat leak.
To reduce air penetration into the house, a seal is placed in the frame along the entire perimeter of the vestibule. This could be foam rubber, sponge rubber, cord, and so on. The main thing is that this seal has properties such as elasticity, durability and strength. For the same purposes, flashings are used.
Types of window frames
One type of binding is lattice frames. They are used to glaze verandas, balconies, terraces and similar premises. They can be folding or with a window built into the frame.
One of the features of such frames is the use of glass. small size. The disadvantage is the small light area, since the design contains a large number of slabs.
Another type of window frames is paired sashes. Most often they are used in civilian form construction. Their design involves the presence of two bindings (internal and external), which are connected to each other using hinges and pressed using tie screws. Such bindings are hung on common hinges.
It also happens that internal bindings are made “deaf”. IN summer time they are removed when not needed, and in winter they are installed in place.
Knowing the technology for making wooden frames, you can easily decorate your home with hand-made windows.
