Autumn work in the garden requires no less attention and effort than in other seasons. This is especially important because time flies quickly, cold weather is approaching inevitably, and there is still so much to do!
Now your garden is not as bright and elegant as in summer. But right now you must take care of the future of your garden, so that in the spring, basking in the sun, you will be greeted by the first spring flowers - primroses.
The harvest has not yet been completed, but how long unripe fruits can remain on the branches and beds will have to be decided based on weather conditions.
In the fall, many shrubs and trees require care, therefore, after deciduous trees and shrubs have dropped almost all their leaves, you can start replanting them. If you haven't done this before, prune your fruit bushes and cut off any spent rose blossoms. At the end of September - beginning of October is the time for the last trimming of hedges.
Take care of perennials: remove faded heads from late bloomers to prolong flowering, and at the end, divide and replant the overgrown plants, because most of them benefit from replanting or dividing every 2-3 years. Rhizomes of dahlias and cannas should be dug up after the first frost.
To next year If your garden bloomed earlier, sow some annuals (calendula, poppies, cornflowers, cosmos and sweet peas) directly into the ground.
If you are planting daffodils, then experts recommend doing this in early autumn, but for tulips and hyacinths - three weeks before frost. Don't forget to plant garlic.
Pre-winter planting always causes controversy: the obvious advantages of such sowing are saving time in the spring, the possibility of obtaining earlier and more abundant harvests, and early flowering of annuals. Well, the disadvantages are that it is impossible to exclude germination and death of seeds and seedlings from frost, there is a high chance of getting uneven shoots etc.
Before winter, you can plant such annuals as: viola, lavatera, cornflower, calendula, iberis, godetia and clarkia, eschscholzia, poppy and cosmos, Drummond phlox, annual chrysanthemums and delphinium, mignonette, kochia, decorative quinoa. As well as herbaceous perennials: decorative onions, aquilegia, primrose, delphinium, bathwort, hellebore, lupine, lychnis, eryngium, yarrow.
From shrubs and trees in the fall, you can plant seeds of hawthorn, barberry, clematis and other plants (requiring stratification).
Vegetables sown before winter include carrots (“Nantes 4” or “Cold-resistant 19”), nigella onions, common leaf parsley, leaf lettuce, head and watercress, spinach, parsnips, physalis, sorrel, beets (“Podzimnyaya”, “ A-474"), dill.
Autumn sowing will be relatively painless only if the soil on your site is quite light and cultivated - this means that it will not float due to autumn rains or spring floods.
The land for planting must be filled with fertilizers. It must be carefully dug up, mixed with peat, humus and ash, loosened, broken into grooves and dry humus or peat prepared for filling the grooves.
But the most important thing is to correctly determine the landing time. Your number one friend and advisor on this issue is the long-term weather forecast. The most important thing is that after sowing there should not be prolonged warming, otherwise the seeds may germinate or die from frost.
The best option is the end of October or the beginning of November, when the daytime air temperature drops to +2-3 degrees, and there are frosts at night.
The place for the winter bed is chosen so that water does not stagnate in autumn and spring, and snow does not blow away in winter. On the day of sowing, grooves 3 cm deep are made in the bed. If on the day of sowing they are covered with snow, sweep it away. Take more seeds than you usually take - 20-25 percent. Sow as usual, cover the top with the prepared peat-humus mixture, and cover the bed with spruce branches on top.
Autumn is the time to take cuttings of heat-loving perennials and bring them into the house ( we're talking about about fuchsia, pelargonium, etc.).
In the autumn, take care of soil health. In the poorest areas, you can sow rye - this will help keep the soil free of weeds and saturate it with microelements. If you planted green manure, dig up the soil along with them; you can cover the dug area with film or mulch with peat (by the way, these measures will contribute to earlier warming of the soil in the spring). Autumn processing allows the soil to better absorb potassium, phosphorus and other important microelements by spring.
You have a lot of cleaning to do garden plot- this always happens in the fall. Trim the wilted greenery of perennials to the roots, bring order to flower beds, borders, alpine slide. Remove rotten and diseased fruits and bearing annual garden crops from the site (the roots of legumes - peas, beans, beans - can be left in the soil, they will enrich it with useful substances accumulated over the season, but cut off the top part of the plants.
Rake fallen leaves regularly and thoroughly - you will get excellent leaf humus. But remember that sick plants, as well as plants affected by pests, must be removed from the site or burned.
When the greenhouse is free of plantings, be sure to treat its walls and windows with a disinfectant to kill fungi and other pathogens.
Take care of your lawn. Be sure to remove rotten leaves from it - otherwise the lawn may “go bald” or yellow spots may form on it. Autumn is the time for cleaning, aerating the lawn, patching it up, applying fertilizers and leveling the surface.
A very important autumn event is mulching the plantings with high-quality soil or garden compost. Over the summer, the roots of plants could become exposed for various reasons, and this is dangerous, because there is cold weather ahead. Mulching not only nourishes the plant, but also protects the roots from wind and cold, and helps retain heat and moisture in the soil. Mulching should be done before the onset of frost, when the soil is warmed up after summer and saturated with moisture. Plants that are sensitive to the whims of our winter should be additionally mulched (on top of the “main” mulch) with bark, shavings, and dry leaves. True, this can be done a little later.
And further. Don't forget to prepare bird feeders. Feeding them in winter is not only pleasant, but also useful - the new season will come, and they will thank you a hundredfold by attacking garden pests.
September 8th, 2014 , 09:30 am
Are you already sad and miss summer?) I’m not) I’m already thinking of ways to entertain and occupy myself this fall! the summer adventure showed that I still lack organization. but there is enough imagination)) and it seems that making to-do lists for each season is becoming a habit! it would seem that only 50 points for 3 months is not so much. I'll try to beat my summer record for completing the list. I hope you'll join me in making your own lists or getting ideas from mine.
So, what to do in the fall? of course, walk, spend time with loved ones, do little crazy things, get involved in adventures or melancholy read a book, wrapped in a blanket and sipping hot cocoa...
1. remember summer
do you think it passed instantly and ended too quickly? and try to remember month after month what meetings, trips, classes, walks you had, etc. I’m sure it will turn out that the results of your summer are not so insignificant! Personally, this makes my soul somehow more pleasant :)
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2. go for a walk in the rain
In my opinion, this is the most autumn activity! put on a raincoat, rubber boots, take an umbrella and gloves - and go! If you’re in the mood, you can take a walk alone (and combine the walk with some current affairs) or with a friend. and then it’s nice to warm up in a cafe or at home with a hot drink and watch the rain outside the window!..
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3. brew second-hand mulled wine
when you don’t want alcohol or can’t for some reason, you need to look for alternatives. I’m sure there are enough recipes online) and it also seems to me that mulled wine is a special drink in the cold season and should definitely be drunk in company!
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4. have a warm picnic
“warm” because it’s autumn!)) instead of lemonade - tea in thermoses, instead of fruit - nutritious sandwiches, instead of light sweets - a hearty pie. and be sure to dress warmly and check the weather forecast so that it is not damp.
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5. go through your makeup bag
It's time to check the expiration dates of all cosmetics, remove summer products and get closer to products with richer colors and denser textures. check if everything is enough after the audit and buy what is missing.
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6. decorate the house in autumn
hasn't started yet heating season, the main warming decorative items are blankets and carpets;) the red-yellow-ocher color scheme is usually associated with autumn colors. but this is not suitable for all interiors... remember what else is associated with autumn? blue sky, dark green moss, wet asphalt, brown tree bark, dried grass - and choose colors for decor that will harmoniously fit into your home. let these be new pillowcases sofa cushions, candlesticks, posters, rugs, vases, blankets and whatever your heart desires! These little things create comfort, reflect your style, enliven and update the interior.
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7. organize a live meeting with online friends
communication on the Internet is an integral part of life modern man! go on an adventure, meet virtual friends, check how your live communication goes :)
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8. leave the autumn menu
find simple recipes dishes with seasonal vegetables or fruits. experiment! and share the meal with your loved ones :)
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9. take more photographs
In the digital age, this may even sound strange. but with the abundance of gadgets, we forget to capture the simplest pleasant personal moments in life. take pictures! on camera, phone, tablet... at the end of the month (season, year) you will see what this period was like and remember the emotions from each event!
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10. study makeup trends for the new season
There are many collections of makeup trends on the Internet. look through, mark what you like and may be suitable. it's simple: if the model has a similar facial structure and skin-hair-eye tone - feel free to try a similar make-up!
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11. do autumn makeup
try to apply some autumn trend to yourself or simply change your makeup application technique. There will be a reason to shine in all its glory!
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12. learn about clothing trends fall-winter 2014-15
following fashion is funny, not following is stupid (c). anyway, what the designers presented at the shows in the spring will appear on the shelves. think about which of these might suit you and complement your existing wardrobe? and buy one or a couple of fashionable items this season. trends reports can be found on the Internet. and I like to take several September issues of fashion magazines and make style collages :) and, if possible, I ask my friends to bring me such press from abroad.
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13. disassemble the closet and reconsider your wardrobe for the fall
With the beginning of autumn, I usually put summer clothes on the top shelves, and put demi-season clothes on the middle shelves so that everything is easy to get out. I take the coat out of its covers and hang it in the closet in the hallway. and I wash my summer windbreakers (or dry-clean them) and put them away.
During the process, things are identified that require minor repairs or completely worn-out items to be thrown away. I make sure to write down what I need to buy by season in order to plan my budget. If time permits or you find inspiration, it would be nice to try on your warm clothes and make capsules (sets).
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14. prepare your wardrobe for winter
check whether your winter clothes fit, whether they are worn out or have lost their neat appearance? Do you have a warm hat and mittens? Isn’t it time to update your thermal underwear? In St. Petersburg, winter can come unexpectedly and suddenly finding yourself, for example, without a down jacket will be very unpleasant! By the way, in order to avoid such surprises as much as possible, get into the habit of putting only clean, undamaged things in your closet.
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15. buy a new autumn scent
perfume or essential oil. It's no secret that scents create mood. new autumn - new smells! warmer, calmer, softer and more comfortable)
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16. comb your hair 100 times before going to bed
The heating season will begin soon and our hair (like our skin!) will suffer from temperature changes! For several years now, I have made it a rule to tuck my hair completely under hats or hoods during the cold season in order to reduce injury to it. and such a simple procedure promotes a rush of blood (and therefore nutrition) to the hair follicles. two rules: do not comb wet hair and use a massage brush made of natural materials. I already bought myself one made from bamboo - the feeling is just amazing! very relaxing before bed)
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17. bake an autumn cake or pie
definitely a new recipe :) with autumn fruits, or maybe just orange!
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18. collect plants for the herbarium
I recently saw good idea- bring from your travels not only photographs, but also some blades of grass, flowers, and leaves. dry and paste into a notebook with thick sheets, provide inscriptions and drawings. diving into memories will also be fragrant!
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19. make a calendar of household chores
I constantly forget when to turn the mattress over or put the hood grate in the dishwasher and other routine tasks.
I’m sure I’m not the only one)) it’s time to make a calendar of such little things and not bother yourself. useful blog on this topic.
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20. conduct a photo shoot
This point can be left without comment at all)) use your imagination and choose what you like best!
thematic photo session with a professional photographer, portrait shooting,
photo marathon with disposable cameras with friends or even photography on an iPhone;)
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21. tie something
as preparation for winter. the pride from knitting the simplest scarf goes off scale. verified)))
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22. visit the exhibition
There will be a huge number of them in St. Petersburg and Moscow. ranging from agricultural to beauty industry. I would really like to go to the Neva banks at the end of September)
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23. help a stranger
donate things to a shelter or transfer money to a charity. even 50 or 100 rubles will definitely help someone!
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24. take a walk in the forest or in the park
catch a sunny day and go admire the bright colors!
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25. collect a bouquet of leaves
It won't hurt anyone to fall back a little into childhood))
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26. go for a visit
home gatherings are a very touching activity:) just pop in for tea or throw a party - there can be a lot of ideas!
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27. have a board game night
in a small get-together or in a noisy company! I have a couple of unopened boxes with games: D
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28. feed the squirrels
29. have homemade cookies and milk for dinner
30. go to the theater
Look for small chamber theaters or semi-professional troupes in the city. There will be plenty of emotions and energy, and the ticket price is much lower.
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31. attend a master class, learn something new
sometimes for long training courses there is not enough determination, time, finances... master classes allow you to quench your thirst for new knowledge and generally try - is it for me?
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32. find interesting recipes for hot drinks and arrange a tasting
Definitely on a rainy, gloomy day! various recipes for cocoa and hot chocolate, warm fruit drinks and hot cocktails! I'm already salivating!
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33. create a system for organizing things
What? Where? When? at what time? home, work, personal projects, self-care, etc. so as not to keep everything in your head, but simply check with the organizer. It’s worth spending time on systematization once and then it will be easier to complete everything on time.
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34. take care of your health
It is easier to prevent than to treat - this has long been known. Once a year we need to pay attention to our health - this is the most valuable thing we have! Lists of doctors and voluntary medical examination tests are available on the Internet. and if you have chronic diseases, then a mandatory visit to specialists in these diseases.
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35. cook a pumpkin dish
You can’t ignore this vegetable in the fall! Do you have any favorite pumpkin recipes? act! Or you can find a completely crazy recipe and start experimenting!
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36. lead the birds south
see a flock of birds flying in a wedge in the sky and wave your hand at them!)
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37. create a calendar of healthy habits
It is believed that a habit is developed in 21 days. and after 21 days you will stop reminding yourself to do something - it will become a habit. Have you ever wanted to start drinking more water or running in the morning? select 1-3 good habits and start your calendar report. missed or not completed - start again. and so on until victory! ;)
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38. make jam, preserves or marmalade
better without sugar) package it beautifully, sign it and wait until winter to try it!
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39. sort out spices and herbs
Check expiration dates and buy more if necessary. when it's cold outside, you want a little more spicy dishes :)
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40. inspect your shoes
see if all the shoes for autumn and winter are in good condition? Is it in need of repairs or is it time to add a new pair to your shopping list? again, so that the cold does not take you by surprise.
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41. organize storage of accessories
This is my personal sore point)) I really love neck jewelry, rings and shawls, scarves, stoles. I have much fewer other categories of accessories. It’s important for me to be able to see exactly what I have (when there’s a lot of everything, something is simply forgotten) and so that it doesn’t all gather dust))) I’ll try to organize it. I feel like there will be a meditative activity!
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42. go to the cinema
the easiest thing to do on a rainy day)
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43. feed the ducks or swans
also a truly autumn activity! buy bread and go to the nearest body of water)
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44. choose varnishes for autumn manicure
put summer colors away and take out the most autumn shades from the collection. and of course check out the season's trends!
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45. smile at the first snow
Usually in St. Petersburg the first snow falls in early November. and most often it is short-lived. smile! Beautiful winter is coming!
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46. fry mushrooms with onions and potatoes
It’s even better to go to the forest to pick mushrooms, of course! after all, “silent hunting” happens only in the fall. Well, this simple dish is one of my favorites on the fall menu!
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47. buy a new cozy blanket
so that it’s not chilly under any circumstances :)
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48. try some fall beauty treatment
I’m sure spas and beauty salons will offer a lot of pleasant things autumn care. but you can arrange something cozy and pleasant at home)
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49. plan a trip
for holidays or weekends. after all, advance tickets are always cheaper and there is a wider choice.
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50. change covers and cases of gadgets
Put yourself in order, don’t forget about your electronic assistants!
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51. make a list of plans for the winter
Even in deep childhood, I adored my grandmother’s preparations: canned cucumbers, jam, compotes. But imagine my surprise when she took me to the dacha for the first time, where she explained what was coming from and where. Since then I began to respect my grandmother even more. After all, when you see what you have to do in order to grow and then harvest a crop, you can’t help but be surprised. Now I live in the city, but every autumn my family and I gather at the dacha.
What do people do at home in the fall?
if you have country house, then you will have to restore order not only in the garden and vegetable garden, but also in it. Many people leave their suburban areas and do not visit them during the winter. The house must be thoroughly prepared for such a long absence. For example, the first step is to tidy up and eliminate the clutter. It is also important to check the wiring and electrical devices so that a fire does not break out in your absence. If there is damage to the house, it is better to eliminate it (for example, repair the roof). It’s important to set things up before you leave. security system, even if you plan to visit the territory. As you can see, there is a lot to do in the house, and even more on the property.
What do people do in the garden in the fall?
Coming out of town in the fall, everyone avid summer residents They begin to prepare their plot for winter. If they suburban area intended for recreation, and not for growing crops, then people strive to restore order in the house and garden.
So what are they doing at this time in the country? Activities in the garden and vegetable garden:
- Harvesting. If vegetables, fruits, and berries grow on the plot, then they certainly need to be collected in order to turn them into culinary masterpieces in the future. This is why many people buy vegetable gardens.
- Preparing the soil for winter. Garden soil, just like the soil in large fields, needs to be plowed and fertilized so that it does not become depleted and produces a bountiful harvest next year.
- Preparing plantings for wintering. Some cultures and ornamental plants require additional insulation. For example, apple trees, roses, strawberries, etc. Some plants are completely dug up during the winter.
- Cleaning. It is worth removing fallen leaves and branches.
To form successful personality From childhood, important concepts should be embedded in the child’s perception of the world. Hard work is one of them. That is why in lessons in the lower grades the question of how human work in the fall differs from work in other seasons is discussed. It is also important to make kids aware of why it is so important to be active not only in spring and summer.
And no frost will be scary!
Human labor in autumn is somewhat different from others seasonal work. Children should already understand that all living things in Eurasia are beginning to prepare for the cold period. Therefore, the first important thing for people is to insulate their homes - own home and buildings intended for wintering domestic animals.
In apartments, most people seal the cracks in the windows. This is done to prevent cold air from blowing out of them in winter. Although in many homes today they are installed plastic windows which ensure tightness. But they also require some preparation for the winter period.
At the same time, housewives produce general cleaning indoors: sort through stored items, throw out unnecessary trash, wash windows. After all, it will be more difficult to do this in winter than in autumn.
Caring for our little brothers
The homes of animals that spend the winter outside human homes also require special attention. These include cows, horses, sheep, goats, rabbits, chinchillas, ferrets, minks, Domestic bird and bees.
The work of a person living in the fall is very different from the activities of a city dweller. After all, the villager needs to caulk the cracks in the barn, in the poultry house, insulate the cages intended for small animals or bring them into indoor spaces, move the hives with bees to the omshanik.
And the most caring owners don’t even forget to hang a piece of thick fabric or a rubber mat at the entrance and check whether it’s comfortable for the animal to go inside and whether it understands how to do it.
Taking care of our smaller brothers, that is, the living creatures inhabiting the planet, is an important and necessary work of man in the fall. At school, children make bird feeders, hang them up, and in winter make sure there is always food for the birds in them.
Procurement of feed
Everyone who keeps livestock that eats hay on their farm begins to take care of winter feeding in the summer. Haymaking time is a hot time.
Grass for hay is cut, dried, and stacked in stacks. But in the fall you need to take care that the hay does not rot due to precipitation. Therefore, food for herbivores should be moved indoors or carefully covered.
on the fields
For many, the onset of autumn is associated with an abundance of vegetables and fruits. But as practice proves, it is difficult to grow a crop, but it is not easier to harvest it without loss.
It's a busy time. Grain harvesters spend all day in the fields harvesting wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, peas and other crops. It is very important to do all the work before the onset of the rainy season. Otherwise, the entire crop will rot on the vine.
However, machines cannot always completely collect all the ears. A lot of them fall to the ground. Previously, children even took off from classes and went to the fields to help adults there - pick up fallen ears of corn. Such was the feasible contribution to human labor in the fall. 2nd grade was already coping with this task quite well.
Today children are no longer attracted to such work, but in vain. The younger generation is losing connection with the land and respect for the work of grain growers. Hence the abundance of photographs on the Internet with buns placed on feet, imitating house slippers...
We are collecting the harvest - don’t yawn, don’t lag behind!
Beets and potatoes, carrots and other root vegetables are also harvested. Large farms do this with the help of special machines. But private villagers sometimes dig up their crops the old fashioned way, with a shovel and a rake. Most children have not only heard about this, but they themselves are familiar with such human labor.
In the fall, 1st grade, together with the teacher, must dig up several bushes of potatoes, carrots, and beets on their own. Then children will understand how hard it is for a person to get food and, perhaps, will begin to treat it more carefully.
Steam, cook, roll
But you really want to preserve the fruits grown in your dachas and gardens and enjoy them in the winter! Therefore, human labor in the fall is often associated with conservation. During this period, many housewives make jam, pickle and pickle vegetables, make compotes, and dry mushrooms and herbs for seasoning.
Cleaning the area
How many fallen leaves are on the ground in autumn! It is beautiful. But over time they will rot. Because of this, many harmful microorganisms will quickly multiply in an environment favorable for this. Therefore, human labor in the fall is associated with cleaning them. In the world around them in lessons, children not only talk about this, but also help adults in this activity.
In their gardens and dachas, people also remove fallen leaves and tops from the harvest.
Planting in autumn
Although plant activity slows down in winter, many require planting in late fall. For example, some varieties of garlic must be planted before winter.
Most seedlings of bushes and trees also take root best in the fall. Experienced gardeners With the onset of cold weather, vaccinations are given fruit and berry trees. This way the plants are less likely to be injured and tolerate this procedure more easily.
Many people are preparing the land for spring planting. To do this, they apply fertilizer to the plots and dig up vegetable gardens.
It is very important to complete each activity on time. Only then can you count on an excellent result.
If you are already studying the second one, go here >>
On this page are the answers to the first part of the notebook. If you are already studying the second one, go here >>
Ready-made answers from a solution book on the subject “The World Around You” for grade 2 will help parents navigate and help their child prepare homework. We provide a workbook for part 1 of the workbook for the Perspective program. All answers to assignments were written by 2nd grade student Maxim Egorov with the help of parents, checked and approved by the teacher primary classes. We will explain tasks that may cause difficulties to you. As answers, we also provide extended information on relevant topics, which can be read in the articles of our encyclopedia and used if the teacher asks you to prepare a report or presentation at home.
GDZ for part 1 of the workbook the world around us, grade 2
Photos for the story:
By following the link you can select other signs: all signs of living and inanimate nature about the weather >>
Photos for photo story:
Page 36. Autumn.
Autumn months.
1. In the first column, read aloud the names of the autumn months in the ancient Roman calendar. Compare their sound with the sound of modern Russian names for the autumn months. Write Russian names in the second column. Orally make a conclusion about their origin.
In the 2nd column we write from top to bottom: September October November
Find out from your elders and write down in the third column the names of the autumn months in the languages of the people of your region.
In the 3rd column we write from top to bottom: howler monkey
2. Write down the names of the autumn months in the language of the peoples of your region that are connected:
a) with the phenomena of inanimate nature: rain bell, howler, mudbird, gloomy, howler.
b) with the phenomena of living nature: deciduous, leaf fall.
c) with the difficulty of people: the bread-grower, the wedding-gardener, the skit-maker, the leaf-cutter.
3. Russia is great. Therefore, summer is said goodbye and autumn is greeted at different times and more than once. Write down the dates of the arrival of autumn according to the ancient calendars of the peoples of your region.
Answer: summer in Russia comes on September 1 (the modern date of the arrival of autumn), September 14 (the arrival of autumn according to the old style), September 23 (the day of the autumnal equinox in the Moscow state was considered the day of the onset of autumn).
4. Captions for the drawing to choose from: Golden autumn; a sad time - a charm of the eyes; autumn in the village; autumn Moscow; waiting for winter.
pp. 38-39. Autumn in inanimate nature.
1. Mark a diagram that shows the position of the sun in autumn. Explain (orally) your choice.
Let's mark the second diagram. There are signs of autumn on it (rain, leaves falling, the Sun is low above the ground).
To understand: The Earth rotates around the Sun, while the Earth's axis is always inclined the same way. When the axis is tilted towards the sun, it appears high relative to the ground, is “directly overhead”, its rays fall “vertically”, this time of year is called summer. When the Earth rotates around the Sun, the axis shifts relative to it and the Sun seems to descend relative to the Earth. Its rays fall obliquely on the Earth. Autumn is coming.
2. Make a list of autumn phenomena in inanimate nature using the textbook text.
Answer: frost, frost, rain, fog, autumn equinox, freeze-up.
3. Write down the date.
pp. 40-41. Folk holidays at the time of the autumn equinox.
Traditional costumes of Nanai hunters of the Amur region are a combination of brown, red, pink and blue flowers. The dishes are golden and painted.
Reindeer herders in Kamchatka dress in clothes and shoes made from reindeer skins, usually in all shades of brown or gray, with light fur.
P.42-43. Starry sky in autumn.
1. Using the illustrations in the textbook, connect the stars so that you get the shapes of a bear and a swan. In the left picture, highlight the Big Dipper's bucket.
For the answer, see the picture.
2. Draw a picture for your fairy-tale story about how a big bear appeared in the starry sky.
Fairytale story: One day a bear cub wanted to feast on honey and climbed up a tree to destroy the hive. And the forest bees are angry, they attacked the bear cub and began to sting. The little bear began to climb higher and higher up the tree. The mother bear saw this, rushed to save the bear cub, also climbed the tree, and followed him to the very top of the tree. She covers her son with herself, and the bees sting more and more. I had to climb even higher, to the very sky, so that the bees wouldn’t reach me. They are still there: Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.
Or write a story about how bears hid in a tree from a hunter, and then climbed into the sky and escaped the chase.
We draw bears climbing into the sky from the top of a tree.
3. Observe the starry sky. Find familiar and new constellations and stars. Note the location of the Ursa Major's scoop. Write down the names of the constellations and stars that you were able to see:
Constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Pisces, Aries, Andromeda.
Stars: Venus, Sirius, Polaris.
4. Write a story about one of the constellations of the autumn sky. For this purpose, use information from the atlas-identifier, other books, the Internet (at your discretion).
Story: Bootes or Shepherd is a constellation in the sky of the northern hemisphere. It is observed both in summer and autumn. It looks like a man guarding a herd. The imagination of ancient people depicted him with a staff and two dogs. There are several myths about this constellation, but the most interesting one says that the first plowman on earth was turned into this constellation, who taught people to cultivate the land. The constellation Bootes includes the very bright star Arcturus next to Ursa Major, and it itself resembles a fan.
If you want, come up with a fairy tale about the constellations of the autumn sky. Write it down on a separate sheet of paper and arrange it beautifully.
First you need to find out which constellations are visible in the sky of the northern hemisphere in the fall. They are shown and labeled in the figure:
We come up with a fairy tale about any of them or all of them at once.
Fairy tale: People lived in the same city. They were kind and honest, they achieved everything through their hard work. Among them was a shepherd who tended cattle, a charioteer, twin children, an Aquarius who carried water from a well, a beautiful maiden and Cassiopeia and many others. They also had pets: Taurus, Aries, horse, hounds. And when the boy Perseus began to play the flute, all the animals from the nearby forest came to listen to him: the cunning fox, the lynx, the lion, the mother bear and her cub. Fish, a whale and a dolphin swam to the shore. Even the fairy-tale unicorn and dragon listened to the gentle melody. But then one autumn a volcanic eruption began near the town. He burned forests and fields, knocked down houses and was ready to burn the city and all its inhabitants. But the huge dragon told the people: you have never done harm to anyone, you are all very good and I will save you. He gathered everyone who could fit onto his back and carried him to heaven. So the constellation Perseus and the dragon still shine from the sky to this day; there was a place for everyone in the autumn night sky.
Page 44-45. Grass near our house.
1. Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and place each plant in its own window.
3. Consider herbaceous plants near your home. Using an atlas-identifier, find out the names of several herbs and write them down.
Answer: clover, bluegrass, foxtail, yarrow, knotweed (bird buckwheat), plantain, dandelion, mint, burdock.
4. Write a story about one of the herbs growing near your house. Use information from the Green Pages book or other sources (at your discretion).
Mint.
There is mint growing near our house. This plant has a very pleasant smell. We often collect mint, dry its green leaves and add it to tea. I like to drink mint tea. There are several types of mint, including medicinal mint.
Plantain.
Plantain grows along roads, which is where it got its name. It has wide leaves and a long stem on which small flowers bloom and seeds ripen. This plant is medicinal. If you cut yourself, apply plantain and the wound will heal faster.
Photos for pasting:
pp. 46-47. Ancient women's work.
1. Find flax among these plants.
Answer: second from the left.
3. You are in the museum of flax and birch bark in the city of Kostroma. Look at photographs of tools for processing flax, making linen threads and fabric. Write the numbers of their names in the circles. 1. Spinning wheel. 2. Weaving mill. 3. Spinning wheel. 4. Ruffled. 5. Mortar and pestle. 6. Flax mill.
The answer is in the picture.
It will be very useful to show your child a training video on processing flax >> This way the student will clearly see the whole process and will better remember the purpose of objects for processing flax.
Page 48-49. Trees and shrubs in autumn.
1. Identify trees and shrubs by their leaves and write the numbers of their names in the circles.
The answer is in the picture. The leaves of linden, birch and hazel turn yellow in autumn. Euonymus can be either yellow or purple in autumn. Oak leaves turn orange. Rowan, maple and aspen are yellow-red. Viburnum leaves in autumn are green or yellow at the stem and red at the edges.
A story about trees and shrubs in autumn with photographs will help with tasks from this topic >>
2. Find a shrub among these plants and underline its name.
Answer: juniper.
Find a tree whose needles turn yellow and fall off in the fall.
Answer: larch.
3. Visit a forest, park or square. Admire the trees and shrubs in their autumn attire. Using the identification atlas, find out the names of several trees and shrubs. Write them down.
Answer: Birch, poplar, thuja, maple, rowan, linden, spruce, pine, aspen.
4. Observe and write down when the leaf fall ends: for birches - in October; for linden trees - in September; for maples - in September; for poplar - in November; for aspen - in September; at viburnum - in October.
pp. 50-51. Wonderful flower beds in autumn
3. Identify a few plants autumn flower beds. Write down their names.
Answer: chrysanthemums, asters, dahlias, rudbeckia, helenium, ornamental cabbage.
Photo for pasting:
4. Write a story about one of the plants in the autumn flower garden.
Dahlia
1. The legend tells how the dahlia flower appeared on earth. The dahlia appeared on the site of the last fire, which died out with the onset of the Ice Age. This flower was the first to sprouted from the ground after the arrival of warmth on the earth and with its flowering marked the victory of life over death, warmth over cold.
2. In ancient times, the dahlia was not as common as it is now. Then it was only the property of the royal gardens. No one had the right to remove or remove the dahlia from the palace garden. A young gardener named George worked in that garden. And he had a beloved, to whom he once gave beautiful flower- dahlia. He secretly brought out a dahlia sprout from royal palace and in the spring he planted it near his bride’s house. This could not remain a secret, and rumors reached the king that the flower from his garden was now growing outside his palace. The king's anger knew no bounds. By his decree, the gardener Georg was captured by guards and put in prison, from which he was never destined to leave. And the dahlia has since become the property of everyone who liked this flower. This flower, the dahlia, was named after the gardener.
pp. 52-53. Mushrooms
2. Draw a diagram of the structure of a mushroom and label its parts. Test yourself using the diagram in the textbook.
The main parts of the mushroom: mycelium, stem, cap.
4. Give other examples of edible and inedible mushrooms using the atlas-determinant From earth to sky (Pleshakov) >> .
Edible mushrooms: butterdish, boletus, milk mushroom, saffron milk cap, russula.
Inedible mushrooms: fly agaric, galerina, svinushka.
Page 54-55. Six-legged and eight-legged.
1. What are these insects called? Write the numbers of their names in the circles.
2. Cut out the pictures from the application and make diagrams of the transformation of insects. Finish the signatures.
Diagram of insect transformation.
Eggs - larva - dragonfly. Eggs - caterpillar - pupa - butterfly.
3. Find an extra picture in this row and circle it. Explain (verbally) your decision.
Answer: Extra spider. It has 8 legs and is classified as an arachnid, while the others in the picture have 6 legs and are insects.
4. Write a story about insects that interest you or about spiders. Use information from the atlas-identifier, the book “Green Pages!” or “The Giant in the Clearing” (of your choice).
Near our dacha, in the forest, there are several large anthills. Ants work all day, collecting seeds and dead animals. Ants also graze aphids. They slap the aphid on the back, and it secretes a drop of sweet liquid. This liquid attracts ants. They love sweets.
Page 56-57. Bird secrets
1. What are these birds called? Write the numbers of their names in the circles.
Migratory birds: swallow, swift, starling, duck, heron, rook.
Wintering birds: jay, woodpecker, nuthatch, tit, crow, sparrow.
2. Give other examples of migratory and wintering birds. You can use information from the book "Green Pages".
Migratory birds: crane, redstart, sandpiper, thrush, wagtail, wild geese.
Wintering birds: jackdaw, pigeon, bullfinch, magpie.
3. Watch the birds of your city (village). Find out their names using the identification atlas. Pay attention to the behavior of the birds. Does every bird have its own character? Based on the results of your observation, write your story. Make a drawing and paste a photo.
The jay is a forest bird, but recently it can be increasingly seen in the city: parks and squares. This is very beautiful bird. On her wings she has multi-colored feathers with a blue tint. The jay screams sharply, piercingly. This forest beauty loves to eat acorns, also picks up leftover food, sometimes destroys bird nests and even attacks small birds.
Page 58-59. How different animals prepare for winter.
1. Recognize animals by description. Write the names.
frog
toad
lizard
snake
2. Color the squirrel and hare in summer and winter outfits. Draw each animal its natural environment. Explain (orally) why these animals change coat color.
The hare is gray in summer, slightly reddish, and by winter it changes its skin to white.
There are squirrels different colors, from light red to black. In the fall, they also molt, changing their coat to a thicker and warmer one, but their color does not change significantly.
3. Sign who made these supplies for the winter.
Answer: 1. Squirrel. 2. Mouse.
4. Write the names of the animals in the text.
On the ground in a hole, the hedgehog makes a small nest from dry leaves, grass, and moss. In it he hibernates until spring. And in late autumn, a bear makes a den for itself under a fallen tree and sleeps in it all winter.
pp. 60-61. Invisible threads in the autumn forest.
1. How are the oak and forest animals related to each other? Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and paste them into the windows of diagram No. 1, and write the names of the animals in diagram No. 2.
Answer: squirrel, jay, mouse. They feed on oak fruits and live here.
2. Cut out the pictures from the application and paste them into the windows of the diagrams. Make diagrams with names within the framework.
Answer: Squirrels and mice feed on nuts. Rowan - thrush.
3. Give your example of invisible threads in autumn forest and draw it in the form of a diagram.
Example: a squirrel (eats the seeds of cones) and a woodpecker (eats insects living in the bark, thereby healing the tree) feed on a pine tree.
4. Look at the photographs. Tell us (orally) what invisible threads in the autumn forest they remind you of.
Nuts are reminiscent of squirrels and mice. Acorns - squirrel, jay, mouse. Rowan - thrush.
pp. 62-63. Autumn work.
1. List what people do in the fall in the house, garden, or vegetable garden.
In the house: they insulate the windows, store firewood and coal for the winter, prepare stoves and heating boilers, make seams for the winter.
In the garden: harvesting from trees, protecting tree trunks from rodents and frost, burning fallen leaves
In the garden: vegetables are collected, sent to the cellar for storage, and the beds are dug up.
2. Select and paste a photo of autumn work in your family.
Photo for pasting:
Think and write down what qualities are needed to do such a job.
Answer: love of the land, hard work, ability to work with a shovel, hoe, rake, patience, strength.
Page 64-65. Be healthy.
1. Draw what games you like to play in summer and autumn. Instead of drawings, you can paste photographs.
Summer and autumn games: catch-up, tag, hide-and-seek, football, dodgeball, kondal, badminton, rubber band for girls, hopscotch.
2. Think and write down what qualities are developed in the games you like to play in the summer and autumn.
Answer: agility, strength, ingenuity, courage, attentiveness, perseverance.
3. Ask the elders in the family to tell about one of the backgammon games in your region. Describe the game together. Give it a name...
GAME "Tall Oak"
Our grandparents played this game in Rus'; its name has been preserved since the 50s of the last century. To play you need one ball. From 4 to 30 (or more) children play.
Everyone stands in a circle. There is one person with a ball inside the circle. He throws the ball high above himself and shouts the name of one of the players, for example: “Lyuba!” All the children (including the one who threw the ball) scatter in all directions. Lyuba must pick up the ball and throw it at one of the guys. Whoever gets hit throws the ball next.
They play until they get bored.
What qualities does this game develop: reaction speed, accuracy, running speed, agility.
pp. 66-69. Nature conservation in autumn.
3. We met these plants and animals from the Red Book of Russia in 1st grade. Remember their names. Write the numbers in the circles.
4. And here are a few more representatives of the Red Book of Russia. Use your textbook to color them and label them.
Ram mushroom, water chestnut, tangerine.
5. Write a story about one of the representatives of the Red Book of Russia, living in your region.
Example: Atlantic walrus. The habitat of this rare species is the Barents and Kara Seas. An adult walrus can reach a length of 4 meters, and the weight of an Atlantic walrus can be about one and a half tons. This species of walrus was almost completely exterminated. Today, thanks to the efforts of specialists, a slight increase in the population is recorded, although their exact number is still impossible to determine, since without special equipment it is extremely difficult to get to the rookery of these animals.
Or we take the story from the page: Reports on animals of the Red Book >>
Page 70. Autumn walk.
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