Moscow

On approval of SP 104.13330 “SNiP 2.06.15-85
Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding"

As amended by the Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services
economy of the Russian Federation dated February 10, 2017 No. 86/pr
“On amendments to some orders of the Ministry of Construction
and housing and communal services of the Russian Federation"

In accordance with the Rules for the development, approval, publication, amendment and cancellation of sets of rules, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 1, 2016 No., subparagraph 5.2.9 of paragraph 5 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government Russian Federation dated November 18, 2013 No. 1038, paragraph 37 of the Plan for the development and approval of codes of practice and updating of previously approved codes of rules, building codes and regulations for 2015 and the planning period until 2017, approved by order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services economy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2015 No. 470/pr as amended by order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2015 No. 659/pr, I order:

1, Approve and put into effect 6 months from the date of publication of this order the attached SP 104.13330 “SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding.”

2. From the moment of entry into force of SP 104.13330 “SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding”, SNiP 2.06.15-85 “Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding”, approved by the resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee dated 19 September 1985 No. 154 and registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on July 19, 2011 as SP 104.13330.2011.

(Changed edition. Order dated February 10, 2017 No. 86/pr)

3. The Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, within 15 days from the date of issue of the order, sends the approved SP 104.13330 “SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding” for registration with the national standardization body of the Russian Federation.

4. The Department of Urban Planning and Architecture should ensure publication on the official website of the Ministry of Construction of Russia on the Internet information and telecommunications network of the text of the approved SP 104.13330 “SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding” in electronic digital form within 10 days from the date of registration of the set of rules by the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization.

5. Control over the implementation of this order is entrusted to the Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation Kh.D. Mavliyarova.

MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION
AND HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

SET OF RULES

SP 104.13330.2016

ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY
FROM FLOODING AND FLOODING

Updated edition

SNiP 2.06.15-85

Moscow 2016

Preface

Rulebook Details

1 CONTRACTOR - Research, design, survey and design-technological Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures named after. N.M. Gersevanov (NIIOSP named after N.M. Gersevanov) - Institute of JSC "Research Center "Construction"

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction”

3 PREPARED for approval by the Department of Urban Development and Architecture of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Construction of Russia)

4 APPROVED by order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated December 16, 2016 No. 964/pr and put into effect on June 17, 2017.

5 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 104.13330.2011

In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the prescribed manner. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Construction of Russia) on the Internet

Introduction

This set of rules was developed taking into account the requirements of federal laws dated December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ “On Technical Regulation”, dated December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures”.

This set of rules was developed by the branch of JSC Scientific Research Center "Construction" - NIIOSP named after. N.M. Gersevanova (candidate of technical sciences) I.V. Kolybin, engineer . A.B. Meshchansky- topic leaders, Ph.D. tech. Sciences: V.G. Fedorovsky, G.A. Bobyr; Eng. BUT. Kryuchkova).

SET OF RULES

ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY
FROM FLOODING AND FLOODING

Date of introduction 2017-06-17

1 area of use

This set of rules applies to the design of systems, objects and structures for engineering protection against flooding and flooding of territories of populated areas, industrial, transport, energy, public, business and communal facilities, mineral deposits and mining workings, agricultural and forest lands, natural landscapes .

When designing engineering protection structures in seismic areas, it is necessary to additionally take into account the requirements of SP 14.13330.

2 Normative references

This set of rules uses regulatory references to the following documents:

3.3 groundwater retention zone: The area above an aquifer in which the free surface of groundwater rises when backed up, such as by a reservoir or river.

3.4 flood zone: An area subject to flooding as a result of backwater from reservoirs, rivers, other water bodies or the impact of any other economic activity and natural factors.

engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures: A set of structures and measures aimed at preventing the negative impact of hazardous geological, environmental and other processes on the territory, buildings and structures, as well as protection from their consequences.

dehumidification rate: Estimated value of the required decrease in the groundwater level from the surface of the earth in the drained area.

3.7 embankment: The enclosure of a certain area or coastline by dikes to protect an area from flooding.

3.8 engineering protection objects: Separate engineering protection structures for the territory, ensuring the protection of national economic facilities, settlements, agricultural lands and natural landscapes from flooding and flooding.

3.9 subzones of strong, moderate and weak flooding: Flooded natural areas, divided into subzones:

Severe flooding with groundwater levels approaching the surface and accompanied by the process of waterlogging and/or salinization of the upper soil horizons;

Moderate flooding with groundwater levels ranging from 0.3 - 0.7 to 1.2 - 2.0 m from the surface with processes of meadow formation and/or salinization of the middle soil horizons;

Weak flooding with groundwater occurrence ranging from 1.2 - 2.0 to 2.0 - 3.0 m in the humid zone and up to 5.0 m in the arid zone with processes of gleying and/or salinization of the lower soil horizons.

3.10 flooding: A complex hydrogeological and engineering-geological process in which, as a result of changes in the water regime and balance of the territory, an increase in the level of groundwater and/or soil moisture occurs, leading to disruption of economic activities in the given territory, changes in the physical and physico-chemical properties of groundwater and soils , species composition, structure and productivity of vegetation, transformation of animal habitats.

3.11 natural systems: A spatially limited set of functionally interconnected living organisms and their environment, characterized by certain patterns of energy state, metabolism and circulation of substances in nature.

3.12 systems for engineering protection of the territory from flooding and inundation: Hydraulic structures for various purposes, combined into a single system that provides engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding.

3.13 degree of atmospheric moisture in the area: Groundwater flow coefficient - the proportion of atmospheric precipitation absorbed by the soil mass and feeding the groundwater of a given area or territory.

3.14 man-made flooding and flooding: Flooding and inundation of the area as a result of construction and industrial activities.

3.15 ground water level: Groundwater level mark of the first permanent aquifer from the surface that does not have pressure.

3.16 dead volume level; ULV: The minimum water level in a reservoir corresponding to its maximum permissible discharge.

4 General provisions

4.1 When designing the engineering protection of a territory from flooding and flooding, it is necessary to develop a set of measures to ensure the prevention of flooding and flooding of territories, depending on the requirements of their functional use and protection of the natural environment or the elimination of the negative impacts of flooding and flooding.

The engineering flood protection system must be territorially unified, uniting all local systems of individual areas and objects. At the same time, it must be linked to master plans and territorial integrated urban planning schemes.

4.1.1 Protection of the territory of populated areas, industrial, public, business and municipal warehouse facilities should ensure:

Uninterrupted and reliable operation and development of urban, urban planning, production and technical, communication, transport facilities, recreation areas and other territorial systems and individual structures;

Standard medical and sanitary living conditions of the population;

Standard sanitary-hygienic, social and recreational conditions of protected areas.

4.1.2 Protection against flooding and flooding of mineral deposits and mine workings should ensure:

Protection of subsoil and natural landscapes;

Safe conduct of open-pit and underground mining of mineral deposits, including non-metallic materials;

Eliminating the possibility of man-made flooding and flooding of territories as a result of the development of mineral deposits.

4.1.3 Protection of agricultural lands and natural landscapes should ensure:

Conditions for normal production of agricultural, forestry and fishery products;

Hydrological and hydrogeological regimes in the protected area, depending on the functional use of the land;

Rational use and protection of land, water, minerals and other natural resources.

When protecting natural landscapes near cities and populated areas, it is necessary to provide for the use of the territory to create sanitary protection zones, forest parks, health-improving and sports facilities, and recreation areas.

4.2 The need to protect river floodplains from natural flooding is determined by the need and degree of use of individual sections of these territories for residential or industrial development, agricultural land, as well as for the development of natural resources and mineral deposits.

Design parameters for floodplain flooding should be determined on the basis of engineering and hydrological calculations, depending on the accepted classes of protective structures in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 and on the basis of official data from Roshydromet. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between the degrees of flooding: deep-water (depth of water covering the land surface over 5 m), medium (depth from 2 to 5 m), shallow-water (depth up to 2 m).

4.2.1 During periods of spring floods during ice drift, a situation is possible where ice fields remain downstream of the river. In this case, a jam may form, i.e. a pile of floating ice floes creating an obstacle to the water flow. In this case, a significant rise in the water level in the river may occur with flooding of coastal areas.

In shallow sections of the river, during severe long-term frosts, ice jams may form, i.e. complete freezing of the river to the bottom, which impedes the flow of water flow. When floods occur, the water level rises with flooding of coastal areas above the flood and the formation of ice dams on their surface.

The possibility of the formation of jams and jams should be predicted, taking into account information received from weather stations and gauging stations on the river, as well as data on the conditions for the formation of jams and jams in past years.

4.2.2 If there is a bridge with one or two small spans (less than 4 - 5 m) in a narrow place of the river bed and a small depth of the water flow (less than 2 - 2.5), there is a danger of them being blocked by a mass of trees and bushes floating downstream, caught in the river in an area upstream as a result of a landslide during low rainfall or erosion of the bank, for example, during intense snowmelt on high mountain slopes.

The probability of filling the river section in the bridge span in the foothill and mountain sections of the river, where the slopes of the water surface are on the order of 0.01 - 0.001, is especially high.

4.3 The negative impact of flooding by existing or projected reservoirs should be assessed depending on the reservoir release modes and the duration of the flooding effect on the coastal area. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between the nature of flooding: constant - below the ULV level; periodic - between the marks of the normal retaining level of the NPU and ULV; temporary - forced (short-term) increase in the reservoir level above the FSL.

4.4 When assessing the negative impacts of flooding of a territory, one should take into account the depth of groundwater, the duration and intensity of the flooding process, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and geocryological, medical and sanitary, geobotanical, zoological, soil, agricultural, reclamation and economic features of the protected territory.

When assessing damage from flooding, it is necessary to take into account the technical condition of the existing development of the territory, the classes of protected structures and objects, the value of agricultural land, mineral deposits and natural landscapes.

In cases where the designed engineering protection structures coincide territorially with existing or created water protection, environmental protection zones, national parks, nature reserves, nature reserves, environmental protection measures as part of the engineering protection project of the territory must be agreed upon with the state and regional control authorities for environmental protection.

4.17 The effectiveness of the designed flood control measures should be determined by comparing the technical and economic indicators of the option of integrated use of the reservoir as a storage tank and protected lands with the option of their use before carrying out flood control measures.

4.18 When designing flood protection systems on rivers, the requirements for the integrated use of water resources of watercourses should be taken into account.

The choice of the estimated probability of flood passage through spillway protective structures must be justified by technical and economic calculations taking into account the classes of protective structures in accordance with the requirements of Section 5. The probability for high-water years can range from 1% to 25%, i.e. the possibility of a corresponding flood occurring once every 100 to 4 years.

4.19 Structures regulating surface runoff in territories protected from flooding should be designed taking into account the calculated flow of surface water entering these territories (rain and melt water, temporary and permanent watercourses), accepted in accordance with the class of the protective structure.

Surface runoff from the watershed side should be diverted from the protected area through a system of mountain canals, and, if necessary, provision should be made for the construction of reservoirs that allow the accumulation of part of the surface runoff.

4.20 A comprehensive territorial system of engineering protection against flooding and flooding should include several different means of protection in the following cases:

The presence of industrial or civil structures in the protected area, the protection of which by individual means of engineering protection is impossible or ineffective;

Complex morphometric, topographical, hydrogeological and other conditions that preclude the use of one or another individual object of engineering protection.

4.21 When designing engineering protection structures against flooding and flooding in areas where landslides and other hazardous geological processes develop, the requirements of SP 116.13330 should be taken into account. When designing engineering protection structures in areas where soils with special properties are distributed (structurally unstable when moistened and soaked, subsidence, swelling, etc.), as well as in undermined areas, the requirements of SP 22.13330 should be taken into account.

5 Classes of engineering protection structures

5.1 Classes of engineering protection structures are assigned, as a rule, no lower than the classes of protected objects and depending on their economic significance. The class of protected building structures is assigned in accordance with the requirements of GOST 27751.

When protecting the territory on which objects of various classes are located, the class of engineering protection structures should, as a rule, correspond to the class of the majority of protected objects. In this case, individual objects with a higher class than the class established for engineering protection structures of the territory can be protected locally. The classes of such objects and their local protection must correspond to each other.

If a feasibility study establishes that local protection is inappropriate, then the engineering protection class of the entire territory should be increased by one.

5.2 Classes of permanent hydraulic engineering protection structures of the water-retaining type should be assigned in accordance with the requirements of SP 58.13330 and, depending on the characteristics of the protected area, according to the appendix.

5.3 Classes of non-water-retaining protective structures (bed and flow control, drainage systems, etc.) should be assigned in accordance with the requirements [, Article 4].

Design conditions for design should be taken according to SP 58.13330 in accordance with the accepted class.

In this case, one should take into account the possibility of an increase in the water level due to the restriction of the watercourse by protective structures or due to wind surge.

Norms for drainage of agricultural land are adopted in accordance with SP 100.13330.

Standards for drainage of mineral development areas are adopted taking into account the requirements of SP 103.13330.

5.8 Classes of engineering protection structures against flooding should be assigned depending on drainage standards and the estimated predicted decrease in groundwater levels according to Table 1.

Table 1

Drainage rates, m	Estimated predicted drop in groundwater level, m for classes of structures
Drainage rates, m
Up to 15	St. 5	Up to 5
		St. 3	Until 3
				Up to 2

5.9 Maximum calculated groundwater levels in protected areas should be taken based on the results of a forecast made taking into account the requirements. Estimated costs of regulated rainwater runoff should be taken according to SP 32.13330.

6 Requirements for the design of engineering protection systems against flooding and flooding

6.1 Means of engineering protection against flooding and flooding

Protection of territories from flooding should be carried out:

Diking of territories from a river, reservoir or other water body;

By artificially raising the terrain of the territory to non-flooding planning marks;

Accumulation, regulation, removal of surface waste and drainage waters from flooded, temporarily flooded, irrigated areas and low-lying disturbed lands.

To protect areas from flooding, the following should be used:

Drainage systems;

Anti-filtration screens and curtains designed according to SP 22.13330;

Vertical planning of the territory with the organization of surface drainage, cleaning of open watercourses and other elements of natural drainage and regulation of the level regime of water bodies.

6.1.1 Diking of the territory

6.1.1.5 Flood control dams, embankment dams for populated areas and industrial facilities, mineral deposits and mine workings should be designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 58.13330, and for agricultural lands - SP 100.13330.

6.1.2 Artificial elevation of the surface of the territory

6.1.2.1 The surface of the territory must be raised:

For the development of flooded, temporarily flooded and flooded areas for development;

To use land for agricultural production;

For improvement of the coastal strip of reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies.

Note - The placement of new settlements and the construction of capital construction projects without carrying out special protective measures to prevent the negative impact of water within the boundaries of flood zones is prohibited.

6.1.2.2 Options for artificially increasing the surface of the territory must be selected based on an analysis of the soil, geological, climatic and technogenic characteristics of the protected territory, taking into account the functional, planning, social, environmental and other requirements for the territories.

6.1.2.3 The vertical planning project with soil filling should be developed taking into account the building density of the territory, the degree of completion of previously planned planning works, classes of protected structures, changes in the hydrological regime of rivers and reservoirs located in the protected territory, taking into account the estimated rise in groundwater levels.

6.1.2.4 When designing an artificial increase in the surface of a territory to protect it from flooding, the design water level should be taken to be the water level in a river or reservoir in accordance with the requirements.

6.1.2.5 When protecting the territory from flooding by backfilling, the elevation of the edge of the coastal slope of the territory should be determined in accordance with the requirements and should be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated water level in the water body, taking into account the calculated wave height and its run-up. The surface elevations of the flooded area when protected from flooding are determined by the value of the drainage rate, taking into account the forecast of changes in the groundwater level.

The design of the coastal slope of the filled area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 39.13330.

6.1.2.6 The drainage of surface runoff from the protected area should be carried out into reservoirs, watercourses, ravines, and into city-wide sewer systems, taking into account the requirements and.

6.1.2.7 When artificially raising the surface of the territory, it is necessary to ensure conditions for natural drainage of groundwater. Drainages should be laid along the thalwegs of backfilled or washed away ravines and gullies, and permanent watercourses should be enclosed in collectors with accompanying drains.

6.1.2.8 The need for drainage of artificial bedding is determined by the hydrogeological conditions in the adjacent territory and the filtration properties of the foundation and bedding soils.

When backfilling temporary watercourses, reservoirs and groundwater discharge areas, it is necessary to provide a filter layer or reservoir drainage at the base of the backfill.

6.1.2.9 When choosing a technology for artificially raising the surface of a territory by filling soil or washing it out, it is necessary to provide for the movement of soil masses from non-flooded areas of the bedrock bank or floodplain to flooded ones. If there is a shortage of soil, useful excavations should be used when deepening river beds for the purposes of navigation, clearing and improvement of oxbow lakes, channels and other bodies of water located on or near the protected territory.

In areas of industrial and civil development, closed rainwater drainage systems must be provided. The use of open drainage devices (ditches, ditches, trays) is allowed in areas of one- and two-story buildings, in parks and recreation areas with the construction of bridges or pipes at intersections with streets, roads, driveways and sidewalks in accordance with the requirements of SP 34.13330 and SP 119.13330 .

6.1.3.5 Flow-regulating and channel-regulating structures and measures to prevent flooding and flooding of agricultural areas adjacent to unregulated medium and small rivers, as well as to protect open and underground mining operations and individual economic facilities, such as crossings under roads, approaches to shipping structures, etc., should be applied taking into account:

The scale and time of flooding of the territory;

Natural factors - flooding and water erosion;

Technogenic factors that increase flooding and flooding of lands in the zone of protected objects.

6.1.3.6 When regulating and draining surface water from protected agricultural lands, the requirements of SP 100.13330 should be met.

Natural water erosion of the soil cover should be taken into account depending on the rate of precipitation, evaporation, surface slopes, and natural drainage of the territory.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure:

In the wet zone - protection from flooding and flooding by rain and snow melt water by draining excess surface water, lowering the groundwater level when it is high, draining swamps and excessively wet lands;

In slightly arid and arid zones - protection from areal and linear water erosion by cultivating arable land across slopes, turfing slopes (sowing grass), planting trees and shrubs in gully formation zones and forest belts along the boundaries of crop rotation plots, creating water retention devices, deep volumetric loosening of the soil .

6.1.3.7 Flow control structures in the protected area must ensure the diversion of surface runoff to the hydrographic network or water intakes.

Interception and drainage of surface water should be carried out using embankments in combination with drainage channels.

When protecting the territories of mineral deposits, the design of flow control structures must take into account the requirements of SP 103.13330.

6.1.3.8 Channel control structures on watercourses located in protected areas must be designed for water flow during floods at design water levels, ensuring the non-flooding of the territory, the design water content of the river bed and preventing drying out of floodplain areas. In addition, these structures should not violate the conditions for water intake into existing canals, change the volume of solid flow of the stream, as well as the mode of passage of ice and slush along the channel.

6.1.3.9 Protection of the territory from man-made flooding with mineralized waters through absorption wells and wells may be carried out in exceptional cases and subject to compliance with the requirements of subsoil legislation with the permission of the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use (Rosnedra) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.

6.1.4 Installation of drainage systems

6.1.4.1 When choosing systems of drainage structures, the following must be taken into account: the geological structure of the territory, its shape and size in plan, the nature of the movement of groundwater, the filtration properties and capacitive characteristics of aquifers, the area of distribution of aquifers, taking into account the conditions of recharge and discharge of groundwater; quantitative values of the components of the groundwater balance were determined; a forecast has been made for the rise in groundwater levels and their decline during the implementation of protective measures.

6.1.4.2 Based on water balance, filtration, hydrodynamic and hydraulic calculations, as well as a technical and economic comparison of options, the final choice of the territory drainage system should be made. At the same time, the selected protective measures against flooding should not lead to the consequences specified in built-up areas or in the adjacent area.

6.1.4.3 When calculating drainage systems, it is necessary to determine their rational location and depth, ensuring the standard reduction of groundwater in the protected area in accordance with the requirements of section.

In areas protected from flooding, depending on topographic and geological conditions, the nature and density of development, conditions of groundwater movement from the watershed to the natural or artificial drainage base, one-, two- and multi-line, contour and combined drainage systems should be used:

Head - to intercept groundwater filtering from the side of the watershed (should be placed normal to the direction of movement of the groundwater flow at the upper boundary of the protected territory);

Coastal - to intercept groundwater that filters from the side of the water body and forms a backwater (should be placed along the shore or the lower boundary of the territory or object protected from flooding);

Shut-off - to intercept groundwater filtering from flooded areas of the territory;

Systematic (areal) - for drainage of territories in cases of groundwater recharge due to infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and surface runoff water, leaks from water-carrying communications or pressure water from the underlying horizon;

Mixed - to protect areas from flooding under difficult conditions of groundwater supply.

6.1.4.4 Caching of infiltration water formed as a result of leaks from water-containing above-ground and underground tanks and structures (reservoirs, settling basins, sludge storage facilities, drainage reservoirs of external water supply and sewerage systems, etc.) should be ensured using contour drains.

Prevention of the spread of infiltration water beyond the territories allocated for water-carrying structures should be ensured by installing not only drainage systems, but also anti-filtration screens and curtains, designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 22.13330.

Note - Protection against flooding of underground and buried structures (basements, underground passages, parking lots, tunnels) should be ensured by erecting waterproof structures (primary protection), using waterproofing and anti-corrosion coatings (secondary protection) or by installing drainage systems in accordance with the requirements of SP 250.1325800 .

6.2 Special requirements for engineering protection in the permafrost zone

6.2.1 The areas of distribution of permafrost soils should be determined using schematic maps of the distribution, thickness and structure of the cryogenic strata and climatic zoning for construction on the territory of Russia according to SP 131.13330.

6.2.2 Territories and economic facilities in the northern regions must be protected from the effects of cryogenic processes and phenomena developing in natural permafrost soils under the influence of flooding and inundation.

6.2.3 When designing engineering protection structures, depending on their design and technological features, engineering-geocryological and climatic conditions, and the ability to regulate the temperature state, changes in the load-bearing properties of foundation soils should be taken into account.

6.2.4 Requirements for the design of embankment dams in the permafrost zone should be established depending on the temperature state of the anti-filtration element, anti-icing device, drainage system, etc. and class of protective structure taking into account the requirements of SP 25.13330.

Ground engineering protection structures should be designed taking into account the principles of using permafrost soils:

From frozen soil on a frozen base - I principle of using the base;

From thawed soil on a thawed base - II principle.

6.2.5 When designing the engineering protection of residential areas, one should take into account the warming effect of the development of towns and cities, violation of the thermal insulation of the base due to the elimination of natural vegetation and soil cover, a decrease in evaporation from the surface of built-up areas and roads, increased snow accumulation, and significant melting and watering effects of thermal communications and collectors of utility networks, water supply and sewerage systems, causing deformation of bases and foundations.

6.2.6 When designing engineering protection, the following basic requirements must be observed:

When placing engineering protection means on frozen foundations, especially if they contain heavily icy soils and buried ice, disturbance of the vegetation cover is not allowed; vertical planning should be carried out only with bedding. Concentrated discharge of surface water into low-lying areas, leading to disruption of the natural hydrothermal regime of watercourses and the regime of groundwater, is not allowed;

In the zone between thawed and frozen soils, the possibility of the development of cryogenic processes should be taken into account (heaving during freezing, thermokarst during thawing, development of ice with the formation of pressure waters with high pressures, etc.);

Violations of waterproofing and thermal insulation of water supply systems, especially heat supply systems, are not allowed.

6.2.7 Utility networks in protected areas of settlements and industrial sites should, as a rule, be combined into combined collectors and ensure their non-freezing, increased tightness, reliability and durability, as well as the possibility of access to them for repairs.

6.2.8 Protection, flood control and stream control dams should be designed of thawed, frozen or combined type using permafrost soils, providing, if necessary, drainage systems or cooling devices in the body of the dam and on its downstream slope.

6.2.9 The need and expediency of protecting the banks of rivers and inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs) from temporary flooding and flooding in the zone of permafrost soils should be justified taking into account the expected damage to economic activities and possible thermokarst abrasive reworking of the banks.

6.3.1 The design of engineering protection of the protected area from flooding and flooding should include:

Prevention of dangerous erosion of the riverbed, banks, as well as areas where protective structures meet an unfortified bank, caused by restriction of the watercourse cross-section by protective dams and coastal fortifications;

Preservation of tree, shrub and meadow vegetation and forest plantations around the abandoned reservoirs;

Implementation of a complex of agrotechnical, grassland reclamation and hydraulic measures to combat water erosion;

Landscaping of the protected part of settlements, industrial facilities, reclamation areas, etc.;

Prevention of contamination of soil, water bodies, protected agricultural lands and territories used for recreation by pathogens of infectious diseases, industrial waste, petroleum products and pesticides;

Preservation of natural conditions for the migration of birds and animals within the boundaries of the protected territory;

Preservation or creation of new spawning grounds to replace those lost as a result of drainage of floodplain lakes, oxbow lakes and shallow water reservoirs;

Prevention of death and injury to fish at engineering protection facilities;

Preservation of natural habitat conditions of protected animals and birds in the protected territory;

Preservation of the wetland regime in the protected area used by migratory waterfowl during migration.

6.3.3 To locate engineering protection structures and their construction base, it is necessary to select land that is unsuitable for agriculture or agricultural land of poor quality. For the construction of structures on the lands of the state forest fund, areas not covered by forest or areas occupied by shrubs, dead wood or low-value plantings should be selected.

Violation of natural complexes of reserves and natural systems of special scientific or cultural value, including within the protected zones around reserves, is not allowed.

6.3.4 When creating engineering protection objects on agricultural lands and built-up areas, the processes of biogeochemical circulation, which have a positive impact on the functioning of natural systems, should not be disrupted.

The distance from reservoirs to residential and public buildings must be established by the sanitary and epidemiological service in each specific case.

6.3.6 When constructing protective structures, it is not allowed to use soils and industrial wastes that pollute the environment as construction materials.

Excavation of soil for building up dams below the alignment of protective structures is not permitted.

Cutting slopes and quarrying local materials in the water protection zone of reservoirs and watercourses is not allowed.

6.3.7 If there are domestic drinking water sources in the protected areas, a forecast of possible changes in water quality after the construction of protective structures should be made to take into account when developing water protection measures.

6.3.8 Sanitary protection zones that meet the requirements must be created around sources of household and drinking water supplies located on the protected territory.

6.3.9 In places where engineering protection structures (mountain canals, embankment dams, etc.) cross animal migration routes, you must:

Move structures beyond the boundaries of migration routes;

Design slopes of earthen structures laid down and without fastening to ensure unhindered passage of animals;

Sections of canals with high flow velocities, dangerous for crossing animals, should be replaced with pipelines.

6.3.10 Reclamation and improvement of territories disturbed during the creation of engineering protection objects should be designed taking into account the requirements of GOST 17.5.3.04 and GOST 17.5.3.05.

6.4 Recreational requirements

6.4.1 The use of protected flooded and submerged coastal areas of rivers and reservoirs for recreation should be considered on an equal basis with other types of environmental management and the creation of water management complexes on rivers.

When implementing engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding, it is not allowed to reduce the recreational potential of the protected territory and the adjacent water area. Reservoirs located in protected areas, used for recreational purposes in combination with park green spaces, must meet the requirements of SanPin 2.1.5.980 and GOST 17.1.5.02. The engineering protection project must provide for water exchange rates for reservoirs in summer in accordance with hygienic requirements, and for sanitary releases in winter.

6.4.2 Along the routes of main canals, when eliminating wetlands and flooded areas, it is allowed to create recreational reservoirs near populated areas in accordance with GOST 17.1.5.02.

7 Requirements for an engineering survey assignment

7.1 When drawing up a task for engineering surveys, it is necessary to take into account the conditions associated with flooding and flooding of coastal territories of existing and newly created reservoirs, as well as engineering developed and developed territories.

7.2 The survey results must comply with the requirements of SP 47.13330 and provide the ability to:

Assessment of existing natural conditions in the protected area;

Forecasting changes in engineering-geological, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions in the protected area, taking into account man-made factors, including:

Possibilities for the development and spread of hazardous geological processes,

Estimates of floodability of the territory,

Estimates of the extent of flooding of the territory,

Selecting methods for engineering protection of territories from flooding and inundation,

Calculation of engineering protection structures;

Assessments of the water balance of the territory, as well as the level, chemical and temperature regimes of surface and groundwater based on routine observations at hydrological sections, balance and experimental areas;

Assessment of the effectiveness of natural and artificial drainage of territories;

7.3 The results of engineering surveys should reflect the danger of geological processes associated with flooding and flooding: landslides, coastal reworking, karst, subsidence of loess soils, suffusion, etc.

Engineering survey materials must be supplemented with the results of long-term observations of the regime of surface and groundwater and exogenous geological processes, as well as predictive hydrological and hydrogeological calculations. The duration of the observation period is considered sufficient if the presented period is representative, and the relative average error in the calculated value of the hydrological characteristic under study does not exceed 10% for annual and seasonal flows.

7.4 Determination of calculated hydrological characteristics should be based on hydrometeorological observation data (published in official documents contained in the archives of survey, design and other organizations, including survey materials of local residents).

In the absence of hydrometeorological observation data at the design point, it is necessary to conduct hydrometeorological surveys.

In addition, reliable observational data on hydrological characteristics should be used based on archival, literary and other materials relating to the period before the start of regular observations.

7.5 The scale of graphic documents for design should be taken taking into account the design stage according to Table 2.

Table 2

Engineering protection design stage	Scale of graphic documents
1 Scheme of a comprehensive territorial engineering protection system	1:500000 - 1:100,000 (insets 1:25000, in difficult engineering-geological conditions 1:10000 - 1:1000)
2 Project of an integrated territorial engineering protection system	1:100,000 - 1:25000 (inserts 1:5000 - 1:2000)
3 Detailed diagram of engineering protection of a settlement	1:25000 - 1:5000 (overview plans 1:100000 - 1:25000, sidebars 1:1000)
4 Engineering protection project for the development site, including:
a) project;	1:5000 - 1:500
b) working documentation	1:1000 - 1:500

Graphic materials in Table 2 must be supplemented with the following data:

An assessment of the current state of existing structures, roads, communications with reliable information about the deformations found in them;

Assessment of the economic and environmental significance of the territory and the prospects for its use;

Information about existing and previously completed engineering protection measures and structures, their technical condition, the need and possibility of their development and reconstruction.

7.6 The composition of survey materials when developing projects for the engineering protection of agricultural land for various stages of design must comply with the requirements of the application.

7.7 When designing engineering protection structures in the northern construction-climatic zone, it is necessary to carry out calculations of the thermal and mechanical interaction of structures with permafrost bases, to make forecasts of changes in engineering-geocryological (permafrost-soil) conditions as a result of the development and construction of territories.

8 Engineering protection structures

Engineering protection structures for territories from flooding and inundation include: embankment dams, drainages, drainage and spillway networks, mountain drainage canals, rapid flows and drops, pipelines and pumping stations.

Depending on the natural and hydrogeological conditions of the protected area, engineering protection systems may include several of the above structures, as well as individual structures.

The composition of protective structures in flooded areas should be determined depending on the nature of the flooding (permanent, seasonal, episodic) and the amount of damage it causes.

8.1 Embankment dams

8.1.1 To protect the territory from flooding, two types of embankment dams are used - non-floodable and floodable.

Non-flooding dams should be used for permanent flood protection of urban and industrial areas adjacent to reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies.

Floodable dams may be used for temporary protection from flooding of agricultural lands during the period of growing crops on them while maintaining the NPU in the reservoir, for the formation and stabilization of river beds and banks, regulation and redistribution of water flows and surface runoff.

8.1.2 On meandering rivers, channel control structures should be provided as a means of engineering protection of the territory from flooding:

Longitudinal dams located along the current or at an angle to it and limiting the width of the river’s water flow;

Flow guide dams - longitudinal, straight or curved, ensuring a smooth flow approach to the culverts of a bridge, dam, water intake and other hydraulic structures;

Floodable dams blocking the channel from bank to bank, intended to completely or partially block the flow of water along branches and channels;

Half-dams are transverse straightening structures of the riverbed, ensuring the straightening of the flow and the creation of navigable depths;

Spurs (short non-flooded semi-dams), installed at a certain angle to the current, providing protection of the banks from erosion;

Coastal and dam fastenings that protect the banks and slopes of dams from erosion and destruction by currents and waves;

Through structures erected to regulate the flow of water in the channel and sediment by redistributing water flows across the width of the channel and creating slow (non-erosive) flow velocities near the banks.

8.1.3 If the dams have a significant length along the watercourse or in the wedging out zone of the reservoir, the crest elevation should be reduced in the direction of the flow according to the longitudinal slope of the free surface of the water in the river at the design level.

In accordance with the design features, two types of soil embankment dams are used: compressed and flattened profiles.

The use of compressed profile dams is possible when reinforcing the soil composing them with geotextile panels, layer-by-layer arrangement of reinforcing bars, deep vibration compaction and other methods. The construction of such a reinforced soil structure must comply with all the requirements of section 18 SP 45.13330.2012.

When constructing dams from reinforced soil, you should carefully prepare its base and remove all objects that could lead to damage to the reinforcing elements. The base of such dams should be compacted. The use of flattened dams with biological fastening of slopes (sowing grass, planting shrubs, etc.) should be considered preferable.

When the height of the dams is more than 5 m, a berm with a width of at least 1.5 m should be provided at half its height in order to increase the stability of the slope or calculate the stability of the slope using the method of circular cylindrical planes, taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the layer-by-layer compacted soil placed in the dam.

Along the lower edge of the downstream slope of the dams, linear horizontal tubular drainage with a system of observation wells should be installed. Discharge of drainage water should mainly be carried out by gravity or, with sufficient justification, by forced pumping.

The release of filtration flow onto the surface of the lower slope of the dam is not allowed, and it should be classified as an emergency situation requiring the immediate implementation of such protective measures as: checking the operability of the drainage; loosening the sandy material from which the dam is made at the water outlet; installation of layered drainage at the point of water outlet by pouring a layer of sand and gravel material, mating it with a sand and gravel prism of horizontal drainage laid at the base of the dam.

8.1.4 The choice of the type of enclosing dams should be made taking into account natural conditions: topographical, engineering-geological, hydrological, climatic, degree of seismicity of the area, as well as the availability of local building materials, equipment, developed work organization schemes, construction time and operating conditions, prospects development of the area, environmental requirements of subsection. When choosing the type of containment dam, the use of local construction materials and soils from useful excavations and industrial waste should be considered, if they are suitable for these purposes. The design of embankment dams should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 39.13330.

Dams made of soil materials on a non-rocky foundation should be provided for blind areas of the pressure front. Concrete and reinforced concrete dams on non-rock foundations should be provided only as spillway structures.

When the dam route passes along a landslide or potential landslide slope, anti-landslide measures must be developed in accordance with the requirements of SP 116.13330.

8.1.5 The dam route should be selected taking into account the requirements and depending on the topographical and engineering-geological conditions of construction, the economic significance of a given area of the territory, the possibility of ensuring minimal changes in the hydrological regime of the watercourse and maximum use of the protected area.

For temporary lateral inflows, it is advisable to use continuous routing of dams along the water edge of a reservoir or watercourse. With a constant lateral inflow, diking is usually carried out in areas between tributaries, which includes dikes for diking the banks of the main watercourse and its tributaries.

When diking an area with overflow dams, all protective structures must allow flooding during high water periods.

When laying a dam route to protect agricultural land, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of SP 100.13330.

The routing of embankment dams within the city should be carried out taking into account the use of protected areas for development in accordance with the requirements of SP 42.13330.

8.1.6 The excess of the maximum water level in a reservoir or watercourse above the design level should be accepted:

For non-floodable dams - depending on the class of structures in accordance with the requirements of SP 58.13330;

8.1.7 When developing engineering protection projects, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of using the crest of embankment dams for laying roads and railways. In this case, the width of the dam along the crest and the radius of its curvature should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 34.13330 and SP 119.13330.

In all other cases, the width of the dam crest should be set to a minimum based on the conditions of the stability of the dam, the performance of work and the ease of its operation.

8.1.8 The dam profile (flat or compressed) is selected taking into account the availability of local building materials, work technology, wind wave conditions on the upstream slope and the filtration flow outlet on the downstream slope.

8.1.9 Interconnecting devices of soil dams with concrete structures must ensure:

Smooth approach of water to culverts from the upstream side and smooth spreading of the flow in the downstream side, preventing erosion of both the body and base of the dams and the bottom of the watercourse;

Preventing filtration through contact with concrete structures in the adjoining area.

The designs of connecting devices for dams of classes I - III must be justified by laboratory hydraulic studies.

8.1.10. Calculations of dams made of soil materials that protect territories from flooding must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 39.13330.

In areas located under the protection of dams, there should be a sufficient supply of sand, bags and other means to ensure the possibility of building up dams when the water level in the river rises above the predicted level.

8.2 Upland canals

8.2.1 The cross-section and slope of upland canals must ensure such design water velocities that should be less than the permissible eroding ones and greater than those at which silting of the canals occurs.

When hydraulic calculations of channels, the values of roughness coefficients should be taken according to SP 100.13330. Methods for determining basic hydrological characteristics are given in.

8.2.2 The location of the slopes of the sides of mountain canals must be taken on the basis of data on the stability of the slopes of existing canals located in similar hydrogeological and geological conditions; in the absence of such analogues, the laying of canal slopes can be accepted according to reference data, and with a depth of over 5 m - on the basis of geotechnical calculations.

8.2.3 The cross-sectional shape of mountain canals for the passage of calculated water flows should be taken taking into account the hydrological regime of the watercourse and the building density of the protected area.

The slopes of canals without fastening the bottom and slopes must ensure the passage of minimal water flows at speeds of no more than 0.3 - 0.5 m/s. The maximum permissible longitudinal slopes of channels in the absence of protective clothing should be taken equal to 0.005.

The minimum value of the radius of curvature of the canal route must be at least twice the width of the canal along the water's edge at the design flow rate. Maximum turning radii for channels that are not hydraulically calculated are allowed to be no more than 25 m and for hydraulically calculated channels - from 2 b to 10 b(Where b- width of the channel along the water’s edge, m).

Allowable non-erosive water velocities for canals with flow rates over 50 m 3 /s should be taken on the basis of laboratory studies and corresponding hydraulic calculations.

8.2.4 Upland canals with a depth of no more than 5 m and a water flow of no more than 50 m 3 / s, as well as siphons and aqueducts must be designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 100.13330.

8.3 Pumping stations

8.3.1 The composition, layout and design of pumping station structures should be established depending on the volume of pumped water and the possibility of creating a storage tank within it.

The types, class and power of pumping stations and their equipment must be established taking into account:

Estimated flow rate, supply height and fluctuations in water horizons;

Watercourse at the point of discharge;

Type of energy source;

Ensuring optimal pump efficiency.

8.3.2 The type, capacity and number of pumps are determined by calculation depending on the type of pumping station, taking into account the values of the design flow rate, the required water pressure and the amplitude of fluctuations in the horizons of the watercourse (reservoir) at the point of discharge.

The need to use a backup unit must be justified by the design in accordance with the design standards for drainage pumping stations SP 100.13330.

8.3.3 The water intake structure and pumping station can be of either combined or separate type.

Water intake structures must provide:

Intake of the estimated water inflow;

Normal operation of the equipment and the possibility of its repair;

Protection against fish getting into them.

8.3.4 Water outlet structures of pumping stations must ensure smooth discharge of water into water bodies and exclude the possibility of reverse flow of water.

8.4 Drainage systems and drains

8.4.2 When designing drainage systems, preference should be given to systems with gravity drainage. Drainage systems with forced pumping of water require additional justification.

8.4.3 The drainage system must provide the groundwater drainage rate required by the protection conditions: in residential areas - in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules, and on agricultural lands - SP 100.13330.

8.4.4 The use of drainage systems should be justified by calculating the water, and for the arid (arid) zone, the salt balance of groundwater.

With a one-stage design, it is necessary to carry out calculations and analysis of the causes and consequences of flooding in accordance with. In a two-stage design, based on geological and hydrogeological survey data and research results obtained at the first stage, taking into account the nature of the development and the prospects for development of the protected territory, it is necessary to determine the location of the drainage network in the plan, the depth of its location and the interconnection of individual drainage branches with each other.

Hydrogeological calculations for the selected drainage schemes should establish:

The optimal position of coastal, head and other drains in relation to the embankment dam or to the boundaries of foundations from the condition of achieving the minimum values of their flow rates;

The required depth of drains and the distance between them, the flow of drainage water, including those to be pumped;

Position on the protected territory of the depression curve in the zone of influence of drainage.

8.4.5 Performing horizontal drainage using an open trench or trenchless method (underground installation) is determined by economic feasibility and conditions for effective operation. In the case of installing open horizontal drainages at a depth of no more than 2 m from the ground surface, the depth of soil freezing should be taken into account.

The cross-sections of open drainage ditches and drains laid below the surface of the earth must ensure non-silting water velocities.

8.4.6 In all cases of using vertical drainage consisting of a system of water-reducing wells, their water receiving part should be located in soils with high water permeability (filtration coefficient - at least 2 m/day).

8.4.7 Open drainage channels and trenches should be constructed in cases where drainage of large areas with one- and two-story low-density buildings is required. Their use is also possible to protect ground transport communications from flooding.

The calculation of open (trench) horizontal drainage should be made taking into account the possibility of its combination with a mountain canal or a drainage system collector. The trench drainage profile in this case must also ensure the influx of the calculated flow rate of surface water runoff.

8.4.11 The outlet of drainage captured water into a water body (river, canal, lake) should be located in plan at an acute angle to the direction of the flow, and its mouth should be provided with a concrete cap or reinforced with masonry or riprap.

Discharge of drainage water into a storm sewer is permitted if its capacity allows the passage of additional water flows coming from the drainage system. In this case, back-up of the drainage system from the sewerage side is not allowed. The possibility of such a discharge must be agreed upon with the organization operating the said sewerage system.

Inspection wells should be installed along the buried drainage route at least every 50 m in straight sections, as well as in places of all turns, intersections and changes in slopes of drainage pipes. Inspection wells can be prefabricated from reinforced concrete rings with a sump (at least 0.5 m deep) and concrete bottoms in accordance with GOST 8020. Inspection wells on reclamation drainage systems should be accepted according to SP 100.13330.

8.4.12 Drainage galleries should be used in cases where the required reduction in groundwater levels cannot be achieved using horizontal tubular drains.

The shape and cross-sectional area of drainage galleries, as well as the degree of perforation of their walls, should be set depending on the required water intake capacity of the drainage.

The filters of the drainage gallery must be carried out in accordance with the requirements.

8.4.13 Water-reducing wells equipped with submersible pumps should be used in cases where a decrease in the groundwater level can only be achieved by forced pumping of water.

If a drainage dewatering well crosses several aquifers, then, if necessary, filters should be provided within the interval of each of them.

8.4.14 Self-flowing wells should be used to reduce excess pressure in confined aquifers. These wells should be used in cases where, due to a decrease in the water level of the upper aquifer, the outflow of the underlying aquitard becomes possible.

The design of self-discharging wells is similar to the design of water-reducing wells.

8.4.15 Water absorption and discharge wells should be used in cases where, under the aquifer of the drained soil layer, there are soils with high water permeability and a free-flow regime of groundwater.

8.4.16 Combined drainages can be used if it is necessary to drain a two-layer aquifer with a weakly permeable upper layer and pressure in the lower one. Horizontal drainage should be installed in the upper layer, and wells in the lower layer.

Horizontal drains and water-reducing wells must be located in plan at a distance of at least 3 m from each other. When using drainage galleries, the mouths of water-reducing wells should be led into niches arranged in the galleries.

8.4.17 Radial drainages should be used when it is necessary to deeply lower the groundwater level in densely built-up flooded areas, when there are difficulties in placing drainages or borehole water intakes.

8.4.18 Vacuum drainage systems must be used in soils with low filtration properties (filtration coefficient - less than 2 m/day) in the case of drainage of areas where there are increased requirements for protection from groundwater.

9 Basic design provisions

9.1 Projects for engineering protection structures for territories of settlements, industrial sites, agricultural lands and newly developed territories for construction and agricultural production, in addition to calculations of structures, must contain calculations:

Water balance of the protected territory in its current state;

The water regime of the territory under conditions of backwater by newly created reservoirs or culverts, as well as by engineering protection objects that prevent flooding;

Forecasting changes in the hydrogeological regime of the territory, taking into account the influence of all sources of flooding;

Transformation of soils and vegetation under the influence of changing hydrological and hydrogeological conditions caused by the creation of water bodies and engineering protection structures.

9.2 Before performing forecast calculations of changes in hydrogeological conditions in the territory protected from flooding, a geofiltration schematization of natural and man-made conditions must be performed.

9.3 Predictive calculations of changes in hydrogeological conditions can be performed using both mathematical modeling and analytical methods.

The choice of geofiltration calculation method is carried out on the basis of a joint analysis of the results of geofiltration schematization and design solutions for protective structures.

The use of analytical calculation methods to assess the impact of the operation of drainage systems is permitted if the analytical dependencies used for the calculation and the assumptions made in their substantiation comply with the conditions of geofiltration schematization.

9.4 When designing engineering protection systems for areas in the zone of saline soils, the salt regime should be calculated.

9.5 When placing drainage-humidification, drainage-irrigation and irrigation complexes in protected areas, calculations must be made to determine the possibility of using groundwater for irrigation.

9.6 The reliability of engineering protection structures in the permafrost zone should be justified by the results of thermophysical and thermomechanical calculations of structures and their foundations.

10 Monitoring of engineering protection systems and hydrogeological conditions of the territory

10.1 Measures for engineering protection against flooding and flooding should include monitoring of the regime of ground and surface waters, flow rates (leaks) and pressures in water-carrying communications, deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures, as well as monitoring the operation of engineering protection structures.

The duration of monitoring depends on the time of stabilization of the hydrogeological regime, the intensity of settlement of the foundations of structures and their service life.

10.2 The design of engineering protection structures should include the installation of control and measuring equipment (KIA) for visual and instrumental observations of the condition of hydraulic structures, the displacement of their elements and foundations, fluctuations in groundwater levels, filtration flow parameters, and the process of soil salinization.

For engineering protection systems of classes I and II operating in difficult hydrogeological and climatic conditions, in addition to KIA for operational observations, KIA should be provided for special research work to study changes in filtration flow parameters, changes in the water-salt regime of soils over time depending on irrigation , drainage, the action of rain flows, rising groundwater levels in the flood zone, etc.

10.3 In areas protected from flooding, it is necessary to provide a network of observation wells to monitor changes in groundwater levels, the salt and temperature regime of the filtration flow and the efficiency and safety of drainage systems in general and individual drainage devices.

10.4 The main objectives of hydrogeological monitoring are:

Monitoring changes in indicators characterizing the dynamics of the regime (hydrodynamic, chemical and temperature) of groundwater;

Processing of acquired observation results, their analysis and systematization;

Assessment of the situation (existing and forecast).

10.5 It is necessary to organize a special service that monitors the condition of embankment dams: the degree of moisture of the soil material, the presence of water outlet on the downstream slope, the occurrence of erosion or landslides of the slopes, the efficiency of drainage at the base of the downstream slope of the dams, the temperature regime of the base of the dams in the permafrost zone.

10.6 The following additional requirements must be met for engineering protection structures in the northern construction-climatic zone:

When designing engineering protection structures of classes I - III, it is necessary to provide for the installation of control and measuring equipment to monitor deformations, filtration and temperature conditions in the body of protective structures and their foundations;

The composition and volume of field observations, determined in accordance with the purpose, class, type and design of engineering protection structures, the accepted construction principle and taking into account the engineering and geocryological features of the protected territory.

The structures and layouts of their placement must ensure their normal operation in the conditions of the Far North.

10.7 In all areas of reservoirs and watercourses where there is a risk of flooding of the coastal area, daily monitoring of fluctuations in water levels and the condition of protective structures is necessary.

Density of the housing stock of the residential area, m2 per 1 hectare:

St. 2500

Up to 5

Until 3

from 2100 to 2500

" 8

" 5

Up to 2

» 1800 » 2100

" 10

" 8

" 5

less than 1800

St. 10

" 10

" 8

Health-improving, recreational and sanitary-protective purposes

St. 10

" 10

Industrial

Industrial enterprises with annual production volume, million rubles:

St. 500

Up to 5

Until 3

from 100 to 500

" 8

" 5

Up to 2

up to 100

St. 8

" 8

" 5

Communal and warehouse

Utility and warehouse enterprises for citywide purposes

Up to 8

Up to 5

Up to 2

Other municipal and warehouse enterprises

St. 8

" 8

" 5

Cultural and natural monuments

Until 3

* With appropriate justification, it is allowed to classify protective structures as class I if failure can cause catastrophic consequences for the protected large cities and industrial enterprises.

2 Hydrogeological and reclamation zoning

1:500000 - 1:200000

1:100000 - 1:50000

3 Engineering-geological zoning

1:500000 - 1:200000

1:100000 - 1:50000

4 Engineering-geological

1:50000 - 1:20000

1:25000

1:10000

5 Exploitable groundwater resources

1:50000

1:10000

6 Geological and lithological complexes

1:50000 - 1:20000

1:50000

1:10000

7 Hydroisohypsum and groundwater depths

1:500000 - 1:200000

1:100000 - 1:50000

1:10000

8 Zoning according to filtration schemes

1:500000 - 1:200000

1:100000 - 1:50000

1:10000

9 Predicted operational resources of groundwater

1:500000 - 1:200000

1:100000 - 1:50000

10 Deposits of building materials

1:500000 - 1:200000

11 Agricultural development schemes

1:500000 - 1:200000

12 Soil

1:200000 - 1:100000

13 Soil reclamation

1:25000

1:10000

14 Salinities

1:10000

1:5000 - 1:2000

15 Topographical

1:500000 - 1:100000

1:50000 - 1:25000

1:10000 - 1:2000

Other materials

16 Engineering-geological and hydrogeological sections*

According to the report

17 Diagrams of salinization of rocks in the aeration zone

Same

18 Graphs of groundwater level fluctuations

19 Engineering-geological and hydrogeological materials

20 Studies of salt release of saline soils on experimental sites (monoliths) typical for the soil massif

21 Studies of water-physical properties of soils

22 Materials of soil reclamation surveys

23 Climatic characteristics of the area of protected lands

According to the project

] Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 No. 2395-1 “On subsoil”

SP 33-101-2003 Determination of basic design hydrological characteristics

BUILDING REGULATIONS

ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY
FROM FLOODING AND FLOODING

SNiP 2.06.15-85

GOSSTROY USSR

MOSCOW 1988

DEVELOPED by the Institute "Hydroproekt" named after. S. Ya. Zhuk Ministry of Energy of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences G. G. Gangardt, A. G. Oskolkov, V. M. Semenkov, candidates of technical sciences S. I. Egorshin, M. P. Malyshev - topic leader; Candidate of Geographical Sciences S. M. Uspensky, Candidate of Biological Sciences N. M. Chamova, V. N. Kondratiev, L. S. Svaschenko, M. D. Romanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences I. I. Fain , I. P. Fedorov and Yu. P. Ivanov), Central Research Institute of Urban Development of the State Civil Engineering of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences V. B. Belyaev and N. A. Korneev), VNII VODGEO of the State Construction Committee of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences V. S. Alekseev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. A. Zh. Muftakhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences N. P. Kuranov, I. V. Korinchenko), PNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR (Candidates of Technical Sciences V. V. Vedernikov and E. S. . Dzektser), V/O "Soyuzvodproekt" of the USSR Ministry of Water Resources (candidate of technical sciences P. G. Fialkovsky, A. N. Krzhizhanovsky), Soyuzgiprovodkhoz named after. E. E. Alekseevsky Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences G. P. Obodzinskaya and K. A. Tikhonova, V. N. Bogomolov), SANIIRI named after. V. D. Zhurin of the USSR Ministry of Water Resources (candidates of technical sciences H. A. Irmukhamedovi and M. M. Mirziyatov), Ukrainian branch of the Central Research Institute of Water Resources and Water Resources of the USSR Ministry of Water Resources (candidates of technical sciences V. L. Maksimchuk, A. I. Tomiltseva and V. P. Tkachenko ), Institute "Giprogor" of the State Construction Committee of the RSFSR (I. M. Schneider and P. A. Minchenko), Institute of Fluid Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR A. Ya. Oleinik, Doctor of Technical Sciences N. G. Pivovar , Candidate of Technical Sciences Yu. N. Sokolnikov), IVP USSR Academy of Sciences (Doctor of Technical Sciences M. G. Khublaryan, Doctor of Geographical Sciences A. B. Avakyan, Candidate of Geographical Sciences V. P. Saltankini V. A. Sharapov), IMPiTM im. E. I. Martsinovsky of the USSR Ministry of Health (corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Prof. F. F. Soprunov, Doctors of Medical Sciences N. A. Romanenko and S. A. Beer), Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F. F. Erisman of the USSR Ministry of Health (candidates of medical sciences L. V. Kudrin, G. V. Guskov and I. L. Vinokur), GIZR of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture (candidates of economic sciences S. I. Nosov and V. A. Vashanov, V.P. Varlashkin), All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Nature Conservation and Reserve Affairs of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture (Doctor of Biological Sciences Yu.P. Yazani Y.V. Sapetin), Dnepropetrovsk branch of "UkrkommunNIIproekt" of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Ukrainian SSR (T.S. Pak and V.G. Ivanov), GiprokommunstroyMinzhilkomkhoz RSFSR (V.P. Sapronenkov, B.P. Kopkov and O.P. Stadukhina), MISI im. V. V. Kuibysheva Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. N. A. Tsytovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences Ya. A. Kronik, E. A. Smetchuki D. S. Fotiev), VSEGINGEO Ministry of Geosciences of the USSR ( Doctor of Geological and Mineral Sciences, Prof. V. M. Goldberg, Candidate of Geological and Mineral Sciences S. M. Semenov), Foundation Project of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy (M. N. Pink, A. A. Kolesov and V. D. Antonyuk), VNIILM Gosleskhoz USSR (L. T. Pavlushkin, Ph.D. geogr. Sciences V.V. Sysuev).

INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Energy.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR (V. A. Kulinichev).

When designing systems, objects and structures for engineering protection, one must comply with the “Fundamentals of land legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “Fundamentals of water legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “Fundamentals of forest legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “USSR Law on the protection and use of wildlife" and other legislation on issues of nature conservation and use of natural resources, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Protection of the territory of populated areas, industrial and municipal warehouse facilities should ensure:

uninterrupted and reliable operation and development of urban, urban planning, production and technical, communication, transport facilities, recreation areas and other territorial systems and individual structures of the national economy;

standard medical and sanitary living conditions of the population;

regulatory sanitary and hygienic, social and recreational conditions of protected areas.

Russian Federation Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee

SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding

set bookmark

SNiP 2.06.15-85

BUILDING REGULATIONS

ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY FROM FLOODING AND FLOODING

Date of introduction 1986-07-01

DEVELOPED by the Institute "Hydroproekt" named after. S.Ya.Zhuk Ministry of Energy of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences G.G. Gangardt, A.G. Oskolkov, V.M. Semenkov, candidates of technical sciences S.I. Egorshin, M.P. Malyshev - topic leader; Candidate of Geographical Sciences S.M.Uspensky, Candidate of Biological Sciences N.M.Chamova, V.N.Kondratiev, L.S.Svaschenko, M.D.Romanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences I.I.Fein , I.P. Fedorov and Yu.P. Ivanov), Central Research Institute of Urban Development of Civil Construction of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences V.B. Belyaev and N.A. Korneev), VNII VODGEO of the State Construction Committee of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences V.S. Alekseev , Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor A.Zh.Muftakhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences N.P.Kuranov, I.V.Korinchenko), PNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR (Candidates of Technical Sciences V.V.Vedernikov and E. S. Dzektser), V/O "Soyuzvodproekt" of the USSR Ministry of Water Resources (Ph.D. Fialkovsky, A.N. Krzhizhanovsky), Soyuzgiprovodkhoz named after. E.E. Alekseevsky Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences G.P. Obodzinskaya and K.A. Tikhonova, V.N. Bogomolov), SANIIRI named after. V.D. Zhurin of the USSR Ministry of Water Resources (candidates of technical sciences H.A. Irmukhamedov and M.M. Mirziyatov), the Ukrainian branch of the Central Research Institute of Water Resources and Water Resources of the USSR Ministry of Water Resources (candidates of technical sciences V.L. Maksimchuk, A.I. Tomiltseva and V.P. Tkachenko), the Giprogor Institute of the State Construction Committee of the RSFSR (I.M. Schneider and P.A. Minchenko), the Institute of Fluid Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR A.Ya. Oleinik, Doctor of Technical Sciences N. G. Pivovar, Candidate of Technical Sciences Yu.N. Sokolnikov), IVP AS USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences M.G. Khublaryan, Doctor of Geographical Sciences A.B. Avakyan, Candidates of Geographical Sciences V. P.Saltankin and V.A.Sharapov), IMPiTM im. E.I. Martsinovsky Ministry of Health of the USSR (corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Prof. F.F. Soprunov, Doctors of Medical Sciences N.A. Romanenko and S.A. Beer), Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman of the USSR Ministry of Health (candidates of medical sciences L.V. Kudrin, G.V. Guskov and I.L. Vinokur), GIZR of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture (candidates of economic sciences S.I. Nosov and V.A. Vashanov , V.P. Varlashkin), All-Russian Research Institute of Nature Conservation and Reserve Affairs of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture (Doctors of Biological Sciences Yu.P. Yazan and Ya.V. Sapetin), Dnepropetrovsk branch of "UkrkommunNIIproekt" of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Ukrainian SSR (T.S. Pak and V. G. Ivanov), Giprokommunstroy of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR (V.P. Sapronenkov, B.P. Kopkov and O.P. Stadukhin), MISI im. V.V. Kuibysheva of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education (Dr. of Technical Sciences, Prof. N.A. Tsytovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Y.A. Kronik, E.A. Smetchuk and D.S. Fotiev), VSEGINGEO Ministry of Geosciences of the USSR ( Doctor of Geological and Mineral Sciences, Prof. V. M. Goldberg, Candidate of Geological and Mineral Sciences S. M. Semenov), Foundation Project of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy (M. N. Pink, A. A. Kolesov and V. .D. Antonyuk), VNIILM State Forestry of the USSR (L.T. Pavlushkin, Candidate of Geographical Sciences V.V. Sysuev).

INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Energy.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR (V.A.Kulinichev).

When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and rules of state standards, published in the journal "Bulletin of Construction Equipment" and the information index "State Standards".

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Protection of the territory of populated areas, industrial and municipal warehouse facilities should ensure:

standard medical and sanitary living conditions of the population;

regulatory sanitary and hygienic, social and recreational conditions of protected areas.

Protection against flooding and flooding of mineral deposits and mine workings should ensure:

protection of subsoil and natural landscapes;

safe conduct of open-pit and underground mining of mineral deposits, including non-metallic materials;

eliminating the possibility of man-made flooding and flooding of territories caused by the development of mineral deposits.

Protection of agricultural lands and natural landscapes should:

promote the intensification of production of agricultural, forestry and fishery products;

create optimal agrotechnical conditions;

regulate hydrological and hydrogeological regimes in the protected area depending on the functional use of the land;

promote the integrated and rational use and protection of land, water, minerals and other natural resources.

When protecting natural landscapes near cities and towns, it is necessary to provide for the use of the territory to create sanitary protection zones, forest parks, medical and recreational facilities, recreation areas, including all types of tourism, recreation and sports.

1.2. The main means of engineering protection should include embankment, artificial elevation of the surface of the territory, channel control structures and structures for regulating and draining surface runoff, drainage systems and separate drainages and other protective structures.

As auxiliary means of engineering protection, it is necessary to use the natural properties of natural systems and their components, which enhance the effectiveness of the main means of engineering protection. The latter should include increasing the drainage and drainage role of the hydrographic network by clearing channels and oxbow lakes, phytomelioration, agroforestry measures, etc.

The engineering protection project for the territory should include organizational and technical measures to ensure the passage of spring floods and summer floods.

Engineering protection in built-up areas should provide for the formation of a single integrated territorial system or local on-site protective structures that provide effective protection of territories from river floods, flooding and submergence during the creation of reservoirs and canals, from rising groundwater levels caused by the construction and operation of buildings, structures and networks.

Unified integrated territorial engineering protection systems should be designed regardless of the departmental affiliation of the protected territories and objects.

1.3. The need to protect floodplain areas from natural flooding is determined by the need and degree of use of individual sections of these territories for urban or industrial development, or for agricultural land, as well as mineral deposits.

Design parameters for river floodplain flooding should be determined on the basis of engineering and hydrological calculations, depending on the accepted classes of protective structures in accordance with Section 2. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between flooding: deep-water (depth over 5 m), medium (depth from 2 to 5 m), shallow-water (depth of coverage of the land surface with water up to 2 m).

1.4. The boundaries of areas of man-made flooding should be determined when developing projects for water management facilities for various purposes and systems for draining waste and wastewater from industrial enterprises, agricultural lands and mine workings of mineral deposits.

The negative impact of flooding by existing or projected reservoirs should be assessed depending on the reservoir release modes and the duration of the flooding effect on the coastal area. It is necessary to distinguish between: constant flooding - below the dead volume level (LVL); periodic - between the marks of the normal retaining level (NRL) and the ULV; temporary (increasing the reservoir level above the FSL).

1.5. When assessing the negative impacts of flooding of a territory, one should take into account the depth of groundwater, the duration and intensity of the process, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and geocryological, medical and sanitary, geobotanical, zoological, soil, agricultural, reclamation, economic and economic features of the area of the protected territory.

When assessing damage from flooding, it is necessary to take into account the development of the territory, the classes of protected structures and objects, the value of agricultural land, mineral deposits and natural landscapes.

1.6. When developing engineering protection projects against flooding, the following sources of flooding should be taken into account: the spread of groundwater backwater from reservoirs, canals, pumped storage power plant basins and other hydraulic structures, the backwater of groundwater due to filtration from irrigated lands to adjacent territories, the leakage of water from water-carrying communications and structures in protected areas, precipitation.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of simultaneous manifestation of individual sources of flooding or their combinations.

The flooding zone on the coastal territory of the designed reservoir or other water body should be determined by a forecast of the distribution of groundwater backwater at the calculated water level in the water body based on geological and hydrogeological surveys, and on existing water bodies - on the basis of hydrogeological studies.

The zone of distribution of groundwater backwater from irrigated lands to adjacent territories should be determined on the basis of water balance and hydrodynamic calculations, the results of geological and soil surveys.

The following should be taken into account:

the degree of atmospheric moisture in the protected areas;

loss of water from water-carrying communications and containers.

Forecast quantitative characteristics of flooding for developed territories must be compared with actual data from hydrogeological observations. If actual data exceeds forecast data, additional sources of flooding must be identified.

1.7. When engineering protection of urban and industrial areas, the negative impact of flooding on:

changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils at the base of engineering structures and the aggressiveness of groundwater;

reliability of the structures of buildings and structures, including those erected in mined and previously mined areas;

stability and strength of underground structures when changing hydrostatic pressure of groundwater;

corrosion of underground parts of metal structures, pipeline systems, water supply and heating systems;

reliability of the functioning of utilities, structures and equipment due to water penetration into underground premises;

manifestation of suffusion and erosion;

sanitary and hygienic condition of the territory;

conditions for storing food and non-food products in basement and underground warehouses.

1.8. When flooding agricultural lands and natural landscapes, the impact of flooding on:

changes in soil salt regime;

swamping of the territory;

natural systems in general and on the living conditions of representatives of flora and fauna;

sanitary and hygienic condition of the territory.

1.9. Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and inundation should be aimed at preventing or reducing economic, social and environmental damage, which is determined by a decrease in the quantity and quality of products from various sectors of the national economy, deterioration of hygienic and health conditions of life of the population, costs of restoring the reliability of objects in flooded areas. and flooded areas.

1.10. When designing engineering protection against flooding and flooding, it is necessary to determine the feasibility and possibility of simultaneous use of engineering protection structures and systems in order to improve water supply and water supply, cultural and living conditions of the population, operation of industrial and municipal facilities, as well as in the interests of energy, road, railway and water transport, mining, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, land reclamation, recreation and nature conservation, providing in projects the possibility of creating options for multifunctional engineering protection structures.

1.11. The design of engineering protection structures must ensure:

reliability of protective structures, uninterrupted operation at the lowest operating costs;

the ability to conduct systematic observations of the operation and condition of structures and equipment;

optimal operating modes of water discharge structures;

Maximum use of local building materials and natural resources.

The choice of options for engineering protection structures should be made on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of the indicators of the compared options.

1.12. Territories of settlements and areas of mining deposits should be protected from the consequences specified in clause 1.7, as well as from landslides, thermokarst and thermal erosion, and agricultural lands - from the consequences specified in clause 1.8, improving microclimatic, agroforestry and other conditions.

When designing engineering protection of territories, one must comply with the requirements approved by the USSR Ministry of Water Resources, the USSR Ministry of Fisheries and the USSR Ministry of Health.

In cases where the designed engineering protection structures coincide territorially with existing or created water protection, environmental protection zones, national parks, nature reserves, nature reserves, environmental protection measures of the territory engineering protection project must be coordinated with state control authorities for environmental protection.

1.13. The effectiveness of the designed flood control measures should be determined by comparing the technical and economic indicators of the option for the integrated use of the reservoir and protected lands with the option of using the land before carrying out flood control measures.

1.14. Flood control dams, embankment dams for settlements and industrial facilities, mineral deposits and mine workings should be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section 3 of these standards and SNiP II-50-74*, and agricultural lands - also in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II- 52-74**.

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SNiP 2.06.01-86, hereinafter;

** On the territory of the Russian Federation, SNiP 2.06.03-85 is in force, hereinafter in the text - Note from the database manufacturer

When designing flood protection systems on rivers, the requirements for the integrated use of water resources of watercourses should be taken into account.

The choice of the estimated probability of flood passage through spillway protective structures is justified by technical and economic calculations taking into account the classes of protective structures in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.

1.15. Structures regulating surface runoff in areas protected from flooding should be calculated based on the estimated flow of surface water entering these areas (rain and melt water, temporary and permanent watercourses), taken in accordance with the class of the protective structure.

Surface runoff from the watershed side should be diverted from the protected area through mountain canals, and, if necessary, provision should be made for the construction of reservoirs that allow the accumulation of part of the surface runoff.

1.16. A comprehensive territorial system of engineering protection against flooding and flooding should include several different means of engineering protection in the following cases:

the presence of industrial or civil structures in the protected territory, the protection of which by individual means of engineering protection is impossible and ineffective;

complex morphometric, topographical, hydrogeological and other conditions that preclude the use of one or another individual object of engineering protection.

1.17. When protecting territories from flooding and flooding caused by the construction of hydropower and water management facilities, a feasibility study for engineering protection of classes I and II should be carried out on the basis of technical and economic calculations in accordance with the recommended Appendix 1.

Justification of engineering protection structures when designing water management facilities of republican, regional, regional and local significance, as well as engineering protection structures of classes III and IV, should be carried out on the basis approved by the councils of ministers of the Union republics.

2. CLASSES OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION STRUCTURES

2.1. Classes of engineering protection structures are assigned, as a rule, no lower than the classes of protected objects, depending on their national economic significance.

If a feasibility study establishes that local protection is inappropriate, then the engineering protection class of the territory should be increased by one.

2.2. Classes of permanent hydraulic engineering protection structures of the water-retaining type should be assigned in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-50-74 and depending on the characteristics of the protected territory according to mandatory Appendix 2 of these standards.

2.3. Classes of non-water-retaining protective structures (bed-regulating and flow-regulating, drainage systems, etc.) should be assigned in accordance with those approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.

Design conditions for design are accepted according to SNiP II-50-74 in accordance with the accepted class.

2.4. The excess of the crest of water-retaining protective structures above the design water level should be assigned depending on the class of protective structures and taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

In this case, the possibility of increasing the water level due to the restriction of the watercourse by protective structures should be taken into account.

2.5. When protecting the territory from flooding by raising the surface of the territory by filling or alluvial soil, the elevation of the filled territory from the side of the water body should be taken in the same way as for the crest of embankment dams; The surface elevation of the backfilled area for protection against flooding should be determined taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-60-75 **.

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On the territory of the Russian Federation, SNiP 2.07.01-89 is in force, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note

2.6. When designing engineering protection on the banks of watercourses and reservoirs, the maximum water level in them with the probability of being exceeded, depending on the class of engineering protection structures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-50-74 for the main design case, is taken as the design one.

2. Overflowing water over the crest of engineering protection structures for urban areas at calibrated design water levels in accordance with SNiP II-50-74* is not allowed. For urban areas and separate industrial enterprises, a plan of organizational and technical measures must be developed in the event of a flood with a probability equal to the verification design case.

* On the territory of the Russian Federation, SNiP 2.06.01-86 is in force, hereinafter in the text. - Note from the database manufacturer.

2.7. Drainage standards (depth of groundwater decline, counting from the design elevation of the territory) when designing protection against flooding are adopted depending on the nature of the development of the protected area in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1

Norms for drainage of agricultural land are determined in accordance with SNiP II-52-74*.

Norms for drainage of mineral development areas are determined taking into account the requirements.

Drainage standards in adjacent urban, agricultural and other areas used by various land users are determined taking into account the requirements of each land user.

2.8. Classes of protective structures against flooding should be assigned depending on drainage standards and the estimated drop in groundwater levels according to Table 2.

table 2

2.9. The maximum calculated groundwater levels in protected areas should be taken based on the results of the forecast in accordance with clause 1.6. The estimated costs of regulated rainwater runoff should be taken according to SNiP 2.04.03-85.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF OBJECTS AND STRUCTURES
ENGINEERING PROTECTION

PROTECTION OF TERRITORIES FROM FLOODING

3.1. Protection of territories from flooding should be carried out:

diking of territories from a river, reservoir or other water body;

artificially increasing the terrain of the territory to non-flooding planning marks;

accumulation, regulation, removal of surface waste and drainage waters from flooded, temporarily flooded, irrigated areas and low-lying disturbed lands.

The engineering means of protection against flooding may include: embankment dams, drainages, drainage and spillway networks, upland drainage canals, rapid flows and drops, pipelines and pumping stations.

Depending on the natural and hydrogeological conditions of the protected area, engineering protection systems may include several of the above structures or individual structures.

3.2. The general scheme for embanking the protected territory throughout the lower elevations of its natural surface should be selected on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options, taking into account the requirements of all-Union and departmental regulatory documents and standards approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee.

3.3. When protecting flooded areas, two types of embankment should be used: general and sectional.

It is advisable to use general diking of the territory when there are no watercourses in the protected territory or when their flow can be transferred to a reservoir or river through a diversion canal, pipeline or pumping station.

Sectional diking should be used to protect areas crossed by large rivers, the pumping of which is not economically feasible, or to protect individual sections of the territory with different building densities.

3.4. When choosing design options for embankment dams, the following should be taken into account:

topographical, engineering-geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, climatic conditions of the construction area;

cost-effectiveness of protective structures;

the possibility of passing water during high water and summer floods;

the density of development of the territory and the size of exclusion zones that require the removal of buildings from flood zones;

the feasibility of using local building materials, construction machines and mechanisms;

terms of construction of structures;

requirements for environmental protection;

ease of use;

the feasibility of recycling drainage water to improve water supply.

3.5. The excess of the crest of embankment dams above the calculated water level of water bodies must be determined depending on the class of protective structures in accordance with paragraphs 2.4 and 2.6.

3.6. Engineering protection projects to prevent flooding caused by the creation of reservoirs, main canals, and land drainage systems must be linked with construction projects of the entire water management complex.

ARTIFICIAL RAISING OF THE TERRITORY SURFACE

3.7. The surface of the territory should be increased:

for the development of flooded, temporarily flooded and flooded areas for development;

for the use of land for agricultural production;

for improvement of the coastal strip of reservoirs and other water bodies.

3.8. Options for artificially increasing the surface of the territory must be selected based on an analysis of the following characteristics of the protected territory: soil-geological, zonal-climatic and anthropogenic; functional planning, social, environmental and other requirements for development areas.

3.9. The project of vertical planning of the territory with soil filling should be developed taking into account the density of the territory's development, the degree of completion of previously planned planning works, classes of protected structures, changes in the hydrological regime of rivers and reservoirs located in the protected territory, taking into account the predicted rise in groundwater levels.

3.10. When designing an artificial increase in the surface of a territory against flooding, the design water level should be taken to be the water level in a river or reservoir in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.6.

3.11. When protecting the territory from flooding with bedding, the elevation of the edge of the coastal slope of the territory should be determined in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.5 and taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated water level in the water body, taking into account the calculated wave height and its run-up. The surface elevations of the flooded area when protected from flooding are determined by the value of the drainage rate, taking into account the forecast of the groundwater level.

The design of the coastal slope of the dumped area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

3.12. Surface runoff from the protected area should be drained into reservoirs and watercourses. ravines, into citywide sewerage or stormwater systems, taking into account the requirements of paragraphs 3.13-3.15 of these standards and the “Rules for the protection of surface waters from pollution by wastewater.”

3.13. When artificially raising the surface of a territory, it is necessary to ensure conditions for natural drainage of groundwater. Drainages should be laid along the thalwegs of backfilled or washed away ravines and gullies, and permanent watercourses should be enclosed in collectors with accompanying drains.

3.14. The need to drain artificial bedding is determined by the hydrogeological conditions of the adjacent territory and the filtration properties of the foundation and bedding soils.

When backfilling temporary watercourses, reservoirs and groundwater discharge areas, it is necessary to provide a filter layer or reservoir drainage at the base of the backfill.

3.15. When choosing a technology for artificially raising the surface of a territory by dumping soil or alluvium, it is necessary to provide for the movement of soil masses from non-flooded areas of the bedrock bank or floodplain to flooded ones. If there is a shortage of soil, useful excavations should be used when deepening river beds for the purposes of navigation, clearing and improvement of oxbow lakes, channels and other bodies of water located on or near the protected territory.

REGULATION AND DRAINAGE OF SURFACE WATER
FROM PROTECTED TERRITORY

3.16. Structures for the regulation and drainage of surface water from urban areas and industrial sites should be developed in accordance with the requirements for engineering preparation of territories SNiP II-60-75 **. The design of siphons, outlets, storm drains and storm drains, settling tanks, homogenizers, pumping stations and other structures should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.03-85.

In areas of industrial and civil development, closed rainwater drainage systems must be provided. The use of open drainage devices (ditches, ditches, trays) is allowed in areas of 1-2-story buildings, in parks and recreation areas with the construction of bridges or pipes at intersections with streets, roads, driveways and sidewalks - in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II- D.5-72 and SNiP II-39-76*.

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* SNiP 32-01-95 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, hereinafter in the text

3.17. Flow-regulating and channel-regulating structures and measures to prevent flooding and flooding of agricultural areas adjacent to unregulated medium and small rivers, as well as to protect open-pit and underground mining operations and individual economic facilities, such as crossings under roads, approaches to shipping facilities, etc. .d., should be used depending on:

on the scale and time of flooding of the territory;

from natural factors - flooding and water erosion;

from man-made factors that increase flooding and flooding of lands in the zone of protected objects.

3.18. When regulating and draining surface water from protected agricultural lands, the requirements of these standards and SNiP II-52-74 must be met.

Natural water erosion of the soil cover should be taken into account depending on the rate of precipitation, evaporation, surface slopes, natural drainage, etc.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure:

in the wet zone - protection from flooding and flooding by storm and snow melt water by draining excess surface water, lowering the groundwater level when it is high, draining swamps and excessively wet lands;

in slightly arid and arid zones - protection from planar and linear water erosion by cultivating arable land across slopes, turfing (sowing grass) slopes, planting trees and shrubs in gully formation zones and forest belts along the boundaries of crop rotation areas, creating water-retaining devices, and deep volumetric loosening.

3.19. Flow control structures in the protected area must ensure the diversion of surface runoff to the hydrographic network or to water intakes.

Interception and drainage of surface water should be carried out using embankments in combination with upland canals.

Note. When protecting territories of mineral deposits, the design of flow control structures must be linked to the requirements.

3.20. Channel control structures on watercourses located in protected areas must be designed for water flow during floods at design water levels, ensuring the non-flooding of the territory, the design water content of the river bed and preventing drying out of floodplain areas. In addition, these structures should not violate the conditions for water intake into existing canals, change the solid flow of the stream, as well as the regime of ice and slush flow.

3.21. Protection of the territory from man-made flooding with mineralized waters through absorption wells and wells may be carried out in exceptional cases and subject to compliance with the requirements and conditions of the fundamental legislation on subsoil with the permission of the ministries of geology of the union republics in agreement with the ministries of health of the union republics and the bodies of the State Mining and Technical Supervision of the USSR.

PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY FROM FLOODING

3.22. The composition of protective structures in flooded areas should be determined depending on the nature of the flooding (permanent, seasonal, episodic) and the amount of damage it causes. Protective structures must be aimed at eliminating the main causes of flooding in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 1.6-1.8.

3.23. When choosing systems of drainage structures, the shape and size of the territory requiring drainage, the nature of groundwater movement, geological structure, filtration properties and capacitive characteristics of aquifers, the area of distribution of aquifers, taking into account the conditions of recharge and discharge of groundwater, and the quantitative values of the balance components must be taken into account. groundwater, a forecast has been made for the rise in groundwater level and its decline during the implementation of protective measures.

Based on water balance, filtration, hydrodynamic and hydraulic calculations, as well as technical and economic comparison of options, the final drainage system for the territories should be selected. At the same time, the selected protective measures against flooding should not lead to the consequences specified in paragraphs 1.7, 1.8 in built-up areas or in the adjacent area.

3.24. When calculating drainage systems, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of paragraphs 1.5-1.8 and determine their rational location and depth, which ensures the standard decrease in groundwater in the protected area in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.

In areas protected from flooding, depending on topographic and geological conditions, the nature and density of development, conditions of movement of groundwater from the watershed side, one-, two-, multi-line, contour and combined drainage systems should be used to natural or artificial drainage.

3.25. Interception of infiltration water in the form of leaks from water-containing above-ground and underground tanks and structures (reservoirs, settling basins, sludge storage facilities, drainage reservoirs of external water supply and sewerage systems, etc.) should be ensured using contour drains.

Prevention of the spread of infiltration water beyond the territories allocated for water-carrying structures should be achieved by installing not only drainage systems, but also anti-filtration screens and curtains designed according to SNiP 2.02.01-83.

Notes: 1. Protection from flooding of underground structures (basements, underground passages, tunnels, etc.) should be provided with protective waterproofing coatings or the installation of filter prisms, wall and reservoir drainages.

2. The protection of buildings and structures with special requirements for air humidity in underground and above-ground premises (elevators, museums, book depositories, etc.) should be ensured by the installation of ventilation drains, special insulating coatings for the underground part of structures, as well as by carrying out phytomelioration measures that ensure the elimination consequences of moisture condensation in basements.

3.26. When reconstructing and strengthening existing systems of protective structures against flooding, it is necessary to take into account the drying effect achieved by existing drainage devices.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERING PROTECTION
IN THE ZONE OF PERMAFROST SOILS

3.27. Territories of distribution of permafrost soils should be determined using schematic maps of the distribution, thickness and structure of cryogenic strata and climatic zoning of the territory of the USSR for construction in accordance with SNiP 2.01.01-82 *.

* SNiP 01/23/99 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.28. Territories and economic objects of the northern regions must be protected from the effects of cryogenic processes and phenomena developing in natural permafrost soils under the influence of flooding and inundation.

3.29. When designing engineering protection structures, depending on their design and technological features, engineering-geocryological and climatic conditions, and the ability to regulate the temperature state, changes in the load-bearing properties of foundation soils should be taken into account.

3.30. Requirements for the design of embankment dams in the area of permafrost soil distribution should be established depending on the temperature state of the anti-filtration element, anti-icing device, drainage system, etc. and class of protective structure taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-18-76*.

* On the territory of the Russian Federation SNiP 2.02.04-88 is in force. - Database manufacturer's note.

Ground engineering protection structures should be designed taking into account the principles of using permafrost soils:

from frozen soil on a frozen base - I principle of using the base;

from thawed soil on a thawed base - II principle.

3.31. When designing the engineering protection of residential areas, one should take into account the warming effect of the development of towns and cities, violation of the thermal insulation of the base due to the elimination of natural vegetation and soil cover, reduced evaporation from the surface of built-up areas and roads, increased snow accumulation, significant melting and watering effects of thermal communications and utility collectors. networks, water supply and sewerage systems, causing deformation of foundations.

3.32. When designing engineering protection, the following basic requirements must be observed:

when placing engineering protection means on frozen foundations, especially if they contain heavily icy soils and buried ice, avoid disturbing the vegetation cover; vertical planning should be carried out only with bedding. Prevent concentrated discharge of surface water into low-lying areas, leading to disruption of the natural hydrothermal regime of the watercourse and groundwater regime;

in the zone of separation of thawed and frozen soils, take into account the possibility of the development of cryogenic processes (heaving during freezing, thermokarst during thawing, development of ice with the formation of pressure waters with high pressures, etc.);

Avoid violating the waterproofing and thermal insulation of water supply systems, especially heat supply systems.

3.33. Utility networks in protected areas of settlements and industrial sites should, as a rule, be combined into combined collectors and ensure their non-freezing, increased tightness, reliability and durability, as well as the possibility of access to them in emergency cases for repairs.

3.34. Protective, flood control and stream control dams should be designed of thawed, frozen or combined type using permafrost soils, providing, if necessary, drainage systems or cooling devices in the dam body and on the lower slope.

3.35. The need and expediency of protecting the banks of rivers and inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs) from temporary flooding and flooding in the zone of permafrost soils should be justified taking into account the expected damage to the national economy and thermokarst-abrasive processing of the banks.

3.36. The design of engineering protection of the territory from flooding and inundation should include:

prevention of dangerous erosion of the riverbed, banks, as well as areas where protective structures meet an unfortified bank, caused by restriction of the watercourse by protective dams and coastal fortifications;

preservation of tree, shrub and meadow vegetation and forest plantations around the reservoirs left in the protected area;

implementation in the protected area of a complex of agrotechnical, meadow-forest reclamation and hydraulic measures to combat water erosion;

landscaping of the protected part of the territory of settlements, industrial facilities, reclamation areas, etc.;

prevention of contamination of soil, water bodies, protected agricultural lands and territories used for recreation by pathogens of infectious diseases, industrial waste, petroleum products and pesticides;

preservation of natural conditions for animal migration within the boundaries of the protected territory;

preservation or creation of new spawning grounds to replace those lost as a result of drainage of floodplain lakes, oxbow lakes and shallow water reservoirs;

prevention of fish death and injury at engineering protection facilities;

preservation of the natural habitat of protected animals in the protected territory;

preservation of the wetland regime in the protected area used by migratory waterfowl during migration.

3.38. When placing engineering protection structures and a construction base, it is necessary to select land that is not suitable for agriculture or agricultural land of poor quality. For the construction of structures on the lands of the state forest fund, areas not covered by forest or areas occupied by shrubs or low-value plantings should be selected.

Violation of natural complexes of reserves and natural systems of special scientific or cultural value, including within the protected zones around reserves, is not allowed.

3.39. When creating engineering protection objects on agricultural lands and built-up areas, the processes of biogeochemical circulation, which have a positive impact on the functioning of natural systems, should not be disrupted.

3.40. Sanitary and health measures must be designed taking into account the development prospects of human settlements. The formation of shallow zones, as well as zones of temporary flooding and severe flooding near populated areas should not be allowed.

The distance from reservoirs to residential and public buildings must be established by the sanitary and epidemiological service in each specific case.

3.42. When constructing protective structures, it is allowed to use soils and industrial wastes that do not pollute the environment as building materials.

Excavation of soil below the alignment of protective structures for building dams is not allowed.

Trimming slopes and quarrying local materials in the water protection zone of reservoirs and watercourses is not allowed.

3.43. If there are domestic drinking water sources in protected areas, a forecast of possible changes in water quality after the construction of protective structures should be made in order to develop water protection measures.

3.44. In projects for the construction of engineering protection facilities, it is necessary to provide for centralized water supply and sewerage to protected settlements, taking into account existing hygienic requirements.

3.45. Around sources of household and drinking purposes located on the protected territory, sanitary protection zones must be created that meet the requirements of “Regulations on the procedure for the design and operation of sanitary protection zones of water supply sources and water pipelines for household and drinking purposes” N 2640-82, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.

3.46. In places where engineering protection structures (mountain canals, embankment dams, etc.) cross animal migration routes, the following must be done:

move structures beyond the borders of migration routes;

make slopes of earthen structures laid and without fastening, ensuring the unhindered passage of animals;

replace sections of canals with flow velocities dangerous for crossing animals with pipelines.

3.47. Reclamation and improvement of territories disturbed during the creation of engineering protection objects should be developed taking into account the requirements of GOST 17.5.3.04-83 and GOST 17.5.3.05-84.

RECREATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

3.48. The use of protected flooded and submerged coastal areas of rivers and reservoirs for recreation should be considered on an equal basis with other types of environmental management and the creation of water management complexes on rivers.

When implementing engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding, it is not allowed to reduce the recreational potential of the protected territory and the adjacent water area.

Reservoirs located in protected areas, used for recreational purposes in combination with park green spaces, must meet the requirements of the “Rules for the protection of surface waters from wastewater pollution” and GOST 17.1.5.02-80. The engineering protection design must provide for water exchange rates in summer in accordance with hygienic requirements, and in winter - sanitary tolerances.

3.49. Along the routes of main canals, when eliminating wetlands and flooded areas, it is allowed to create recreational reservoirs near populated areas in accordance with GOST 17.1.5.02-80.

4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
ON ENGINEERING RESEARCH MATERIALS

4.1. As part of the additional requirements for engineering surveys, it is necessary to take into account the conditions associated with flooding and flooding of coastal territories of existing and newly created reservoirs, as well as engineering developed and developed territories.

4.2. Research materials should provide the opportunity to:

assessment of existing natural conditions in the protected area;

forecasting changes in engineering-geological, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions in the protected area, taking into account man-made factors, including:

possibilities for the development and spread of hazardous geological processes;

assessment of floodability of the territory;

assessment of the extent of flooding of the territory;

choosing methods for engineering protection of territories from flooding and inundation;

calculation of engineering protection structures;

assessment of the water balance of the territory, as well as level, chemical and temperature regimes of surface and groundwater (based on routine observations at cross-sections, balance and experimental sites);

assessment of natural and artificial drainage of territories;

4.3. Engineering survey materials must reflect the danger of geological processes associated with flooding and flooding: landslides, bank reworking, karst, subsidence of loess soils, suffusion, etc.

Engineering survey materials must be supplemented with the results of long-term observations of the regime of groundwater and exogenous geological processes carried out by the USSR Ministry of Geology, as well as hydrological and hydrogeological calculations.

4.4. The scale of graphic documents for design should be determined taking into account the design stage according to Table 3.

Table 3

Graphic materials in Table 3 must be supplemented with the following data:

assessment of the current state of existing structures, roads, communications with reliable information on the detection of deformations in them;

assessment of the economic and environmental significance of the territory and the prospects for its use;

information about existing and previously carried out measures and engineering protection structures, their condition, the need and possibility of their development, reconstruction, etc.

4.5. When drawing up working documentation and one-stage projects for engineering protection of individual objects (industrial enterprises, housing and communal structures, single buildings and structures for various purposes, etc.), it is necessary to take into account the requirements for engineering surveys depending on the subsequent use of the protected area: industrial, urban and settlement construction, agricultural land development, agricultural or linear construction, etc.

4.6. The composition of survey materials when developing projects for the engineering protection of agricultural land for various stages of design must comply with the requirements of mandatory Appendix 3.

4.7. When designing engineering protection structures in the Northern construction-climatic zone, it is necessary to carry out engineering-geocryological surveys and permafrost surveys, perform calculations of the thermal and mechanical interaction of structures with permafrost bases, and make forecasts for changes in engineering-geocryological (permafrost-soil) conditions as a result of the development and development of territories .

5. PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES

DAM EMBANKING

5.1. To protect the territory from flooding, two types of embankment dams are used - non-floodable and floodable.

Non-flooding dams should be used for permanent flood protection of urban and industrial areas adjacent to reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies.

5.2. On meandering rivers, channel control structures should be provided as a means of engineering protection of the territory from flooding:

longitudinal dams located along the current or at an angle to it and limiting the width of the river’s water flow;

flow-directing dams - longitudinal, straight or curved, ensuring a smooth approach of the flow to the openings of the bridge, dam, water intake and other hydraulic structures;

floodable dams blocking the channel from bank to bank, intended to completely or partially block the flow of water along branches and channels;

half-dams - transverse straightening structures of the riverbed, ensuring the straightening of the flow and the creation of navigable depths;

spurs (short non-flooded semi-dams), installed at a certain angle to the current, ensuring protection of the banks from erosion;

coastal and dam fastenings that protect the banks from erosion and destruction by currents and waves;

through structures erected to regulate the channel and sediment by redistributing water flows across the width of the channel and creating slow (non-erosive) flow velocities near the banks.

5.3. If the dams have a significant length along the watercourse or in the zone of wedging out of the reservoir, the crest elevation should be reduced in the direction of the flow in accordance with the longitudinal slope of the free surface of the water at the design level.

Based on their design features, two types of soil dams are used: compressed and flattened profiles.

5.4. The choice of the type of containment dams should be made taking into account natural conditions: topographical, engineering-geological, hydrological, climatic, seismicity of the area, as well as the availability of local building materials, equipment, work organization schemes, construction time and operating conditions, prospects for the development of the area, environmental requirements paragraphs 3.36-3.46.

When choosing the type of containment dam, the use of local construction materials and soils from useful excavations and industrial waste should be considered, if they are suitable for these purposes. The design of embankment dams should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

Dams made of soil materials on non-rocky foundations should be provided for blind areas of the pressure front. Concrete and reinforced concrete dams on non-rocky foundations should be provided only as spillway structures.

When the dam route passes through a landslide or potential landslide area, anti-landslide measures should be developed in accordance with the requirements of SN 519-79*.

________________

* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. They act. - Database manufacturer's note.

5.5. The route of the dams should be selected taking into account the requirements of paragraphs 3.2 and 3.3, depending on the topographical and engineering-geological conditions of construction, the significance of this area of the territory for the national economy, taking into account the minimal change in the hydrological regime of the watercourse and the maximum use of the embanked area.

For temporary lateral inflows, it is advisable to use continuous routing of dams along the water edge of a reservoir or watercourse. With a constant lateral inflow, diking is usually carried out in areas between tributaries and includes dikes for diking the banks of the main watercourse and its tributaries.

When embanking with overflow dams, all protective structures must allow flooding during high water periods.

When routing dams to protect land for agricultural land, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of SNiP II-52-74.

The routing of embankment dams within the city should be provided taking into account the use of protected areas for development in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-60-75 **.

5.6. The excess of the maximum water level in a reservoir or watercourse above the calculated level should be taken:

for non-floodable dams - depending on the class of structures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-50-74;

for overflow dams - according to SNiP II-52-74.

5.7. When developing engineering protection projects, it is necessary to provide for the use of the crest of embankment dams for laying roads and railways. In this case, the width of the dam along the crest and the radius of curvature should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-D.5-72* and SNiP II-39-76.

________________

* SNiP 2.05.02-85 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation. - Database manufacturer's note.

In all other cases, the width of the dam crest should be set to a minimum, based on the conditions of work and ease of operation.

5.8. The dam profile (flat or compressed) is selected taking into account the availability of local building materials, work technology, wind wave conditions on the upstream slope and the filtration flow output on the downstream slope.

Note. Preferred are flattened profile dams with biological fastening of slopes.

5.9. Interfacing devices of soil dams with concrete structures must ensure:

a smooth approach of water to the culverts from the upstream side and a smooth spreading of the flow in the downstream, preventing erosion of the body and base of the dams and the bottom of the watercourse;

preventing filtration through contact with concrete structures in the adjoining area.

The connecting devices of dams of classes I-III must be justified by laboratory hydraulic studies.

5.10. Calculations of pressure dams made of soil materials must be performed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

HIGH CHANNELS

5.11. Hydraulic calculations of upland canals should determine the cross-sectional parameters at which the calculated water velocities should be less than the permissible eroding ones and greater than those at which siltation of the canals occurs.

The values of roughness coefficients for channels must be taken according to SNiP II-52-74. In this case, the calculated hydrological characteristics should be determined according to SNiP 2.01.14-83 *.

*On the territory of the Russian Federation they are valid. - Database manufacturer's note.

5.12. The placement of slopes of mountain canals must be taken on the basis of data on the stability of slopes of existing canals located in similar hydrogeological and geological conditions; in the absence of analogues, the laying of canal slopes with a excavation depth of more than 5 m should be taken on the basis of geotechnical calculations.

5.13. The cross-sectional shape of mountain canals for passing the calculated water flow should be taken taking into account the hydrological regime and the building density of the protected area.

The slopes of canals without fastening the bottom and slopes should ensure the passage of minimal water flows at speeds of no more than 0.3-0.5 m/s. The highest permissible longitudinal slopes of channels in the absence of clothing should be taken equal to 0.0005-0.005.

The minimum value of the channel's radius of curvature must be at least twice the width of the channel along the water's edge at its calculated flow rate. The maximum turning radius for hydraulically non-calculated channels is allowed up to 25 m and for hydraulically calculated ones from - 2 to 10 (where is the width of the channel at the water's edge, m).

Allowable non-erosive water velocities for canals with flow rates over 50 m/s should be taken on the basis of research and calculations

5.14. Mountain canals with a depth of up to 5 m and a water flow rate of up to 50 m/s, as well as siphons and aqueducts must be designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-52-74.

PUMPING STATIONS

5.15. The composition, layout and design of pumping station structures should be established depending on the volume of water pumped and the possibility of creating a storage tank.

The types, class and power of pumping stations and their equipment must be established taking into account:

calculated flow rate, supply height and fluctuations in water horizons;

type of energy source;

ensuring optimal pump efficiency.

5.16. The type and number of pumps are established by calculation depending on the type of pumping station, taking into account the values of the calculated flow rate and water pressure and the amplitude of oscillations of horizons in the lower and upper pools.

The need to use a backup unit must be justified by the design in accordance with the design standards for drainage pumping stations SNiP II-52-74.

5.17. The water intake structure and pumping station can be of a combined or separate type.

Water intake structures must provide:

water intake in accordance with the water supply schedule and taking into account water levels in the water source;

normal operation and the ability to repair equipment;

protection from fish getting into them.

5.18. Water outlet structures of pumping stations must ensure the smooth release of water into water bodies and exclude the possibility of reverse flow of water.

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND DRAINAGES

5.19. When designing drainage systems to prevent or eliminate flooding of territories, the requirements of these standards, as well as SNiP II-52-74, must be met.

5.20. When designing drainage systems, preference should be given to drainage systems with water drainage by gravity. Drainage systems with forced pumping of water require additional justification.

Depending on the hydrogeological conditions, horizontal, vertical and combined drainages should be used.

5.21. The drainage system must ensure the groundwater level regime required by the protection conditions: in the territories of populated areas - in accordance with the requirements of these standards, and on agricultural lands - in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-52-74.

5.22. The use of a drainage system should be justified by studying the water, and for the arid zone, the salt balance of groundwater.

For single-stage design, it is necessary to carry out calculations and analysis of the causes and consequences of flooding specified in clause 1.6. In a two-stage design, based on geological and hydrogeological survey data and research results obtained at the first stage, taking into account the nature of the development and the prospects for development of the protected territory, it is necessary to determine the location of the drainage network in plan, the depth of its location and the interconnection of individual drainage lines with each other.

Hydrogeological calculations for the selected drainage schemes should establish:

the optimal position of coastal, head and other drains in relation to the dam or to the boundaries of foundations based on the condition of minimum values of their flow rates;

the required depth of drains and the distance between them, the flow of drainage water, including those to be pumped;

position of the depression curve in the protected territory.

5.23. Performing horizontal drainage using open trench and trenchless methods is determined by economic feasibility. In the case of installing open horizontal drainages at a depth of up to 4 m from the ground surface, the depth of soil freezing, as well as the possibility of their overgrowing, should be taken into account.

5.24. In all cases of using vertical drainage, its water receiving part should be located in soils with high water permeability.

5.25. Open drainage channels and trenches should be installed in cases where drainage of large areas with one- and two-story low-density buildings is required. Their use is also possible to protect ground transport communications from flooding.

The calculation of open (trench) horizontal drainage should be made taking into account its combination with a mountain canal or a drainage system collector. In this case, the trench drainage profile should be selected according to the estimated flow rate of surface water runoff during gravity drainage of the area.

To secure the slopes of open drainage ditches and trenches, it is necessary to use concrete or reinforced concrete slabs or rock fill. Drainage holes must be provided in reinforced slopes.

In closed drainages, sand and gravel mixture, expanded clay, slag, polymer and other materials should be used as a filter and filter bedding.

Drainage water should be drained through trenches or channels by gravity. The construction of drainage reservoirs with pumping stations is advisable in cases where the topography of the protected area has lower elevations than the water level in the nearest water body, where surface runoff from the protected area should be diverted.

5.26. The following should be used as drainage pipes: ceramic, asbestos-cement, concrete, reinforced concrete or polyvinyl chloride pipes, as well as pipe filters made of porous concrete or porous polymer concrete.

Concrete, reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement pipes, as well as pipe filters made of porous concrete should be used only in soils and water that are non-aggressive towards concrete.

According to the strength conditions, the following maximum depth of laying pipes with filter filling and backfilling of trenches with soil is allowed, m:

The maximum depth for laying drainage from pipe filters should be determined by the destructive load in accordance with the requirements of VSN 13-77 “Drainage pipes made of large-porous filtration concrete on dense aggregates”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy and agreed with the USSR State Construction Committee.

5.27. The number and size of water intake holes on the surface of asbestos-cement, concrete and reinforced concrete pipes should be determined depending on the water throughput of the holes and drainage flow rate, determined by calculation.

Around drainage pipes it is necessary to provide filters in the form of sand and gravel sprinkles or wraps made of artificial fibrous materials. The thickness and particle size distribution of sand and gravel should be selected by calculation in accordance with the requirements.

5.28. The outlet of drainage water into a water body (river, canal, lake) should be located in plan at an acute angle to the direction of flow of the stream, and its mouth should be provided with a concrete cap or reinforced with masonry or riprap.

Discharge of drainage water into a storm sewer is permitted if the capacity of the storm sewer is determined taking into account the additional flow of water coming from the drainage system. In this case, back-up of the drainage system is not allowed.

Drainage inspection wells should be installed at least every 50 m in straight sections of drainage, as well as in places of turns, intersections and changes in slopes of drainage pipes. Inspection wells may be used in prefabricated reinforced concrete rings with a settling tank (at least 0.5 m deep) and concrete bottoms in accordance with GOST 8020-80*. Inspection wells on reclamation drainages should be adopted in accordance with SNiP II-52-74.

________________

* Valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. - Note from the database manufacturer."

5.29. Drainage galleries should be used in cases where the required reduction in groundwater levels cannot be achieved using horizontal tubular drains.

The shape and cross-sectional area of the drainage galleries, as well as the degree of perforation of its walls, should be established depending on the required water intake capacity of the drainage.

Drainage gallery filters must be made in accordance with the requirements of clause 5.27.

5.30. Water-reducing wells equipped with pumps should be used in cases where a decrease in the groundwater level can only be achieved by pumping out water.

If a drainage dewatering well cuts through several aquifers, then, if necessary, filters should be provided within each of them.

5.31. Self-flowing wells should be used to relieve excess pressure in confined aquifers.

The design of self-discharging wells is similar to the design of water-reducing wells.

5.32. Water absorption wells and through filters should be installed in cases where underlying soils of high permeability with free-flowing groundwater are located below the aquitard.

5.33. Combined drainages should be used in the case of a two-layer aquifer with a poorly permeable upper layer and excess pressure in the lower layer or with a lateral influx of groundwater. Horizontal drainage should be laid in the upper layer, and self-flowing wells - in the lower layer.

Horizontal and vertical drains must be located in plan at a distance of at least 3 m from each other and connected by pipes. In the case of drainage galleries, the wellheads should be led into niches arranged in the galleries.

5.34. Radial drainage should be used to deeply lower the groundwater level in densely built-up areas in flooded areas.

5.35. Vacuum drainage systems must be used in soils with low filtration properties in the case of drainage of objects with increased requirements for underground and above-ground premises.

6. CALCULATIONS FOR JUSTIFICATION OF SYSTEMS OPERATION RELIABILITY,
ENGINEERING PROTECTION OBJECTS AND STRUCTURES

6.1. Projects for engineering protection structures for settlements, industrial sites, agricultural lands and newly developed territories for construction and agricultural production, in addition to calculations justifying the reliability of structures, must contain calculations:

water balance of the protected area for the current state;

water regime under conditions of backwater by newly created reservoirs or canals, as well as engineering protection that prevents backwater of groundwater;

forecasting the hydrogeological regime taking into account the influence of all sources of flooding;

transformation of soils and vegetation under the influence of changing hydrological and hydrogeological conditions caused by the creation of water bodies and engineering protection structures.

6.2. When designing engineering protection of a territory in a zone of saline soils, the salt regime should be calculated.

6.3. For areas of agricultural use with objects of engineering protection of classes I-III, it is necessary to perform calculations to increase soil fertility using balance and analytical methods and analogue modeling methods.

6.4. When placing drainage-moistening, drainage-irrigation and irrigation complexes in protected areas, calculations must be made for the use of groundwater for irrigation.

6.5. The reliability of engineering protection structures in the permafrost zone should be justified by the results of thermophysical and thermomechanical calculations of structures and their foundations.

7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INSTALLATION PROJECT OF CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT
EQUIPMENT (KIA) IN ENGINEERING PROTECTION STRUCTURES

7.1. For engineering protection systems of classes I and II in difficult hydrogeological and climatic conditions, in addition to KIA, for operational observations, KIA should be provided for special research work to study changes in filtration flow parameters, changes in the water-salt regime of soils over time depending on irrigation, drainage, the action of storm flows, rising groundwater levels in the flood zone, etc.

7.2. The design of engineering protection structures should include the installation of instrumentation for visual and instrumental observations of the condition of hydraulic structures, the displacement of their elements and foundations, fluctuations in groundwater levels, filtration flow parameters, and soil salinization.

The duration of observations depends on the time of stabilization of hydrogeological conditions, the settlement of the foundations of hydraulic structures and the service life of the constructed structures.

In areas protected from flooding, it is necessary to provide a piezometric network to monitor the state of groundwater and the efficiency of drainage systems in general and individual drainages.

7.3. The following additional requirements must be met for engineering protection structures in the Northern construction-climatic zone:

when designing engineering protection structures of classes I-III, provide for the installation of control and measuring equipment to monitor deformations, filtration and temperature conditions in the body of structures and their foundations;

the composition and volume of field observations should be established in accordance with the purpose, class, type and design of engineering protection structures, the accepted construction principle and taking into account engineering and geocryological features.

The design of control and measuring equipment and its placement diagrams must ensure their normal operation in the conditions of the Far North.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION
ENGINEERING PROTECTION AT RESERVOIRS

1. It is recommended to determine the economic feasibility of engineering protection using the comparative effectiveness method. An indicator of the comparative efficiency of capital investments is the value of reduced costs.

From among those being compared, the option with the minimum reduced costs is selected.

2. It is recommended to determine the given costs while protecting agricultural land, settlements, industrial and other enterprises using the formula

Where is the standard efficiency coefficient, assumed to be 0.12;

Capital investments in the construction of engineering protection structures for flooded lands, settlements, industrial and other enterprises;

Annual costs for the construction of engineering protection structures for flooded lands, populated areas, industrial and other enterprises.

3. The given costs for the alternative option will be:

where is capital investment for an alternative option for agriculture;

Capital investments for the advance construction of the listed industrial and civil structures in a new location in return for their protection;

Residual book value of buildings and structures of industrial enterprises, settlements, railways and highways located in the flood zone at the time of construction of engineering protection;

Amounts of sale of residual funds;

Annual costs of the agricultural alternative;

The annual costs of operating the listed structures in a new location in exchange for their protection.

It is recommended to determine the value based on calculating the costs of developing new lands to intensify agricultural production using areas outside the flood zone to obtain the same amount of agricultural products as the flooded lands provided with their intensive use.

The value is determined by direct calculation if the lands that will be developed to replace those flooded are known in advance. Otherwise, it is recommended to determine the value according to the standards for specific capital investments in land reclamation, approved by the USSR Ministry of Water Resources, or according to the standards for the development of lands to replace those withdrawn for non-agricultural needs, approved by the councils of ministers of the Union republics.

The value characterizes the annual costs of maintaining reclamation systems that will be built as compensation for flooded lands. If, instead of the confiscated lands, reclaimed or cultivated lands are introduced, then the value is recommended to be determined by the amount of annual additional costs necessary to bring the production of agricultural crops on the newly developed lands to the planned level

4. The implementation of large engineering protection projects, especially the advance preparation of appropriate alternative options, can take a number of years. In this case, calculations of economic efficiency must take into account the time factor. In this case, it is recommended to reduce the costs of different years to any one base year.

5. It should be taken into account that in a number of cases engineering protection is practically the only possible measure that ensures the preservation of territory or objects (especially valuable agricultural land or unique objects that are almost impossible to restore in a new place, etc.). In this case, it is recommended to justify the economic efficiency of engineering protection using the method of general (absolute) efficiency of capital investments.

6. Technical and economic calculations to identify the optimal option for engineering protection in various conditions of the country’s natural zones should be carried out taking into account:

environmental changes;

changes in soil, vegetation and wildlife;

economic assessment of changes in natural conditions and resources of adjacent territories;

consequences of the influence of the reservoir;

compensatory measures aimed at restoring natural systems.

7. Changes in the natural conditions of adjacent territories must be identified taking into account natural, environmental, technological and economic assessments.

A natural assessment should include a comparison of established (ecological, climatic, hydrological, botanical, soil and other) changes with permanent or temporary variability of the same indicators.

An environmental assessment should be carried out by comparing changes in some indicators (wind speed, soil moisture, precipitation, etc.) with others (biological and economic productivity of meadow and forest vegetation, the passage of phenological phases by plants).

A technological assessment should include consideration of the same changes from the standpoint of modern and future requirements of various sectors of economy, production and types of human activity (agriculture, fishing, forestry and hunting, recreation, etc.).

The economic assessment must include the damage from a decrease (or the effect of an increase) in the biological productivity of agricultural land, meadows and forests in the surrounding area.

8. The most rational scheme for the engineering protection of coastal territories when creating reservoirs for energy purposes should be selected based on the need to cover losses of land users and losses of agricultural production, which are determined by taking into account all types and scales of the impact of reservoirs on coastal territories.

When justifying the optimal reorganization of agriculture in the context of the creation of reservoirs and the effectiveness of various options for planned activities, it is necessary to consider the following types of work as a priority:

cultivation and improvement of soil fertility on newly developed lands;

development of non-agricultural lands occupied by bushes, clearings, swamps and other non-agricultural lands, taking into account drainage and irrigation works, as well as cultural and technical measures;

use of flooded lands, shallow waters, temporarily flooded and dewatered lands of the lower pool;

organization of new farms.

9. When assessing the economic efficiency of engineering protection, it is necessary to take into account the technical and economic indicators of the national economic problems being solved, indicators of economic development after the implementation of engineering protection measures and indicators of possible damage without carrying out protective measures.

When establishing the economic efficiency of engineering protection of coastal areas when creating reservoirs, it is necessary to take into account:

positive and negative impacts of ongoing activities on the natural environment;

economic and social interests of water consumers and water users, which are expressed in the effect or damage of all interested and affected industries or individual water users, participants in the water management complex (WHC);

a system of interconnected technical solutions, structures, devices and measures that ensure the operation of water and chemical treatment elements;

distribution of areas of the coastal zone and water areas of reservoirs between water consumers and water users, taking into account their indicators of interest and the possibility of the most effective use of water and land resources;

the possibility of reducing the recreational potential of the protected territory and water area. Where necessary, compensation measures should be provided.

Note. When considering the protection effect as part of the total effect of measures on the reservoir as a whole, it is necessary to perform calculations that determine the maximum increment in the effect of the measures taken.

The efficiency indicator of protective structures systems should be comparable with that of the entire water management complex.

10. When calculating damage from flooding and flooding, it is necessary to take into account:

seizure of land for agricultural production;

deterioration of land quality due to an increase in the duration of flooding, flooding, shifts in timing or winter flooding of lands;

changes in the productivity of agricultural land and the structure of crops, fruit and berry plantings, grass in hayfields and pastures and transformation of land;

economic development of the regulated floodplain territory in the future. At the same time, additional costs for the reconstruction of the existing reclamation system should be classified as compensation costs caused by the creation of a new facility.

When protecting flooded and flooded agricultural lands when creating a reservoir for energy purposes, the project, in addition to engineering protection structures, should include structures for reclamation of the territory, the need for which is determined by the technological requirements for growing stable and high yields.

11. When using shallow waters without embankment for agricultural, recreational and other purposes, the costs of sanitary measures, elimination of waterlogging, timely removal of vegetation, protection from pollution, as well as for increasing comfort, territorial and transport development of recreation areas should be determined.

12. When using flooded lands without protective measures, it is necessary to determine the operating costs for reseeding vegetation, preserving natural fertility and creating conditions for agricultural use.

13. Indicators of economic development of the territory after the implementation of engineering protection measures should take into account:

increasing efficiency of protected lands over time due to increased resource productivity of the most valuable lands;

the possibility of increasing resource efficiency in connection with the regulation of water flow in the protected area;

obtaining additional agricultural products from non-flooded lands as a result of regulating the water flow of agricultural and floodplain lands;

restoration of ecological conditions that make it possible to compensate for the damage caused to nature by flooding and flooding.

APPENDIX 2
Mandatory

CLASSES OF PROTECTIVE WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES

Name and characteristics of territories	Maximum design water pressure on a water-retaining structure, m, for classes of protective structures

Residential
Density of the housing stock of the residential area, m per 1 hectare:

from 2100 to 2500


Health-improving, recreational and sanitary-protective purposes
Industrial
Industrial enterprises with annual production volume, million rubles:

from 100 to 500

Communal and warehouse
Utility and warehouse enterprises for citywide purposes
Other municipal and warehouse enterprises
Cultural and natural monuments
* With appropriate justification, it is allowed to classify protective structures as class I if failure can cause catastrophic consequences for the protected large cities and industrial enterprises.

APPENDIX 3
Mandatory

COMPOSITION OF SURVEY MATERIALS
FOR DIFFERENT DESIGN STAGES
ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

Survey materials	Scale of graphics applications
			working draft, working documentation

1. Hydrogeological	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
2. Hydrogeological and reclamation zoning	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
3. Engineering-geological zoning	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
4. Engineering-geological
5. Exploitation of groundwater resources
6. Geological and lithological complexes
7. Hydroisohypsum and groundwater depths	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
8. Zoning according to filtration schemes	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
9. Predicted operational resources of groundwater	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
10. Deposits of building materials	1:500000-1:200000
11. Agricultural development schemes	1:500000-1:200000
12. Soil	1:200000-1:100000
13. Soil reclamation
14. Salinization
15. Topographic	1:500000-1:100000
Other materials
16. Engineering-geological and hydrogeological sections*		According to the report
17. Diagrams of salinization of rocks in the aeration zone
18. Graphs of groundwater level fluctuations
19. Engineering-geological and hydrogeological materials
20. Studies of salt release of saline soils on experimental sites (monoliths) typical for the soil massif
21. Research of water-physical properties of soils
22. Materials of soil reclamation surveys
23. Climatic characteristics of the area of protected lands		According to the project
24. Hydrological characteristics of rivers and reservoirs in the protected area
* The scales of the sections must be consistent with the scale of the maps corresponding to the corresponding stages of design.

APPENDIX 4
Information

TERMS USED IN THESE SNiPs

Engineering protection- a set of engineering structures, engineering, technical, organizational, economic and socio-legal measures that ensure the protection of national economic facilities and territories from flooding and flooding, bank collapse and landslide processes.

Engineering protection systems for territories against flooding and inundation- hydraulic structures for various purposes, united into a single territorial system, providing engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding.

Engineering protection objects- separate engineering protection structures for the territory, ensuring the protection of national economic facilities, populated areas, agricultural lands and natural landscapes from flooding and flooding.

Flooding- an increase in the level of groundwater and moistening of soils in the aeration zone, leading to disruption of economic activity in this territory, changes in the physical and physico-chemical properties of groundwater, transformation of soils, species composition, structure and productivity of vegetation, transformation of animal habitats.

Flooding- the formation of a free surface of water on a site as a result of an increase in the level of a watercourse, reservoir or groundwater.

Man-made flooding and flooding- flooding and flooding of the territory caused by construction and production activities.

Groundwater backwater zone- the area above the aquifer in which the free surface of groundwater increases in the event of its back-up, for example, by a reservoir, river, etc.

Flood zone- an area subject to flooding as a result of the construction of reservoirs, other water bodies and development, or as a result of the impact of any other economic activity.

Subzones of strong, moderate and weak flooding- flooded natural areas, divided into:

a subzone of severe flooding with a groundwater level approaching the surface and accompanied by the process of waterlogging and salinization of the upper soil horizons;

subzone of moderate flooding with groundwater levels ranging from 0.3-0.7 to 1.2-2.0 m from the surface with processes of meadow formation and salinization of the middle soil horizons;

subzone of weak flooding with groundwater levels ranging from 1.2-2.0 to 2.0-3.0 m in the humid zone and up to 5.0 m in the arid zone with processes of gleying and salinization of the lower soil horizons.

Degree of atmospheric moisture in the area (groundwater runoff coefficient)- the proportion of atmospheric precipitation absorbed by the soil and feeding the groundwater of a given area or territory.

Natural systems- a spatially limited set of functionally interconnected living organisms and their environment, characterized by certain patterns of energy state, metabolism and circulation of substances.

Hydrographic network- a set of rivers and other permanently and temporarily operating watercourses, as well as reservoirs in any territory.

The text of the document is verified according to:
official publication

/ Gosstroy of Russia. - M.: State Unitary Enterprise TsPP, 2001

BUILDING REGULATIONS

ENGINEERING

PROTECTION

TERRITORIES

FROM FLOODING

AND FLOODING

SNiP 2.06.15-85

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION

GOSSTROY USSR

DEVELOPED by the Institute "Hydroproekt" named after. S. Ya. Zhuk Ministry of Energy of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences) G. G. Gangardt, A. G. Oskolkov, V. M. Semenkov, candidates of technical sciences S. I. Egorshin, M. P. Malyshev- topic leader; Ph.D. geogr. sciences S. M. Uspensky, Ph.D. biol. sciences N. M. Chamova, V. N. Kondratyev, L. S. Svaschenko, M. D. Romanov, Ph.D. tech. sciences I. I. Fain, I. P. Fedorov And Yu. P. Ivanov), TsNIIP urban planning of the State Civil Engineering of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences V. B. Belyaev And N. A. Korneev), VNII VODGEO of the USSR State Construction Committee (candidate of technical sciences) V. S. Alekseev, Doctor of Technical Sciences sciences, prof. A. Zh. Muftakhov, Ph.D. tech. sciences N. P. Kuranov, I. V. Korinchenko), PNIIIS Gosstroy USSR (candidates of technical sciences V.V. Vedernikov And E. S. Dzektser), V/O "Soyuzvodproekt" of the USSR Ministry of Water Resources (candidate of technical sciences) P. G. Fialkovsky, A. N. Krzhizhanovsky), Soyuzgiprovodkhoz named after. E. E. Alekseevsky Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences) G. P. Obodzinskaya And K. A. Tikhonova, V. N. Bogomolov), SANIIRI named after. V. D. Zhurina Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences) H. A. Irmukhamedov And M. M. Mirziyatov), Ukrainian branch of the TsNIIKIVR Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences V. L. Maksimchuk, A. I. Tomiltseva And V. P. Tkachenko), Institute "Giprogor" of the State Construction Committee of the RSFSR ( I. M. Schneider And P. A. Minchenko), Institute of Hydromechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR A. Ya. Oleinik, Doctor of Technical Sciences sciences N. G. Pivovar, Ph.D. tech. sciences Yu. N. Sokolnikov), IVP AS USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences M. G. Khublaryan, Doctor of Geography sciences A. B. Avakyan, candidates geogr. sciences V. P. Saltankin And V. A. Sharapov), IMPiTM im. E. I. Martsinovsky of the USSR Ministry of Health (corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. F. F. Soprunov, doctors med. sciences N. A. Romanenko And S. A. Beer), Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F. F. Erisman of the USSR Ministry of Health (candidate of medical sciences L. V. Kudrin, G. V. Guskov And I. L. Vinokur), GIZR Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR (candidates of economic sciences S. I. Nosov And V. A. Vashanov, V. P. Varlashkin), All-Russian Research Institute of Nature Conservation and Reserve Affairs of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture (Doctor of Biological Sciences Y. P. Yazan And Y. V. Sapetin), Dnepropetrovsk branch of "UkrkommunNIIproekt" of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Ukrainian SSR ( T. S. Pak And V. G. Ivanov), Giprokommunstroy of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR ( V. P. Sapronenkov, B. P. Kopkov And O. P. Stadukhina), MISS im. V.V. Kuibysheva Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. N. A. Tsytovich , Ph.D. tech. sciences Y. A. Kronik, E. A. Smetchuk And D. S. Fotiev), VSEGINGEO Ministry of Geosciences of the USSR (Doctor of Geological and Mineral Sciences, Prof. V. M. Goldberg, Ph.D. geol.-mineral. sciences S. M. Semenov), Foundation project of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy ( M. N. Pink, A. A. Kolesov And V. D. Antonyuk), VNIILM State Forestry of the USSR ( L. T. Pavlushkin, Ph.D. geogr. sciences V. V. Sysuev).

INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Energy.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR ( V. A. Kulinichev).

Gosstroy USSR

Building regulations

SNiP 2.06.15-85

Engineering protection of the territory

from flooding and flooding

When designing systems, facilities and engineering protection structures, one must comply with the “Fundamentals of land legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “Fundamentals of water legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “Fundamentals of forest legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “USSR Law on the protection and use of wildlife" and other legislation on issues of nature conservation and use of natural resources, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. When designing the engineering protection of a territory from flooding and flooding, it is necessary to develop a set of measures to ensure the prevention of flooding and flooding of territories, depending on the requirements of their functional use and protection of the natural environment or the elimination of the negative impacts of flooding and flooding.

Protection of the territory of populated areas, industrial and municipal warehouse facilities should ensure:

standard medical and sanitary living conditions of the population;

regulatory sanitary and hygienic, social and recreational conditions of protected areas.

Protection against flooding and flooding of mineral deposits and mine workings should ensure:

o storage of subsoil and natural landscapes;

safe conduct of open-pit and underground mining of mineral deposits, including non-metallic materials;

eliminating the possibility of man-made flooding and flooding of territories caused by the development of mineral deposits.

Protection of agricultural lands and natural landscapes should:

promote the intensification of production of agricultural, forestry and fishery products;

create optimal agrotechnical conditions;

regulate hydrological and hydrogeological regimes in the protected area depending on the functional use of the land;

promote the integrated and rational use and protection of land, water, minerals and other natural resources.

1.2. The main means of engineering protection should include embankment, artificial elevation of the surface of the territory, channel control structures and structures for regulating and draining surface runoff, drainage systems and separate drainages and other protective structures.

The engineering protection project for the territory should include organizational and technical measures to ensure the passage of spring floods and summer floods.

Submitted

Ministry of Energy USSR

Approved

resolution

Gosstroy USSR

Term

vve Denia

into action

rivers, flooding and flooding during the creation of reservoirs and canals; from rising groundwater levels caused by the construction and operation of buildings, structures and networks.

Unified integrated territorial engineering protection systems should be designed regardless of the departmental affiliation of the protected territories and objects.

1 .3. The need to protect floodplain areas from natural flooding is determined by the need and degree of use of individual sections of these territories for urban or industrial development, or for agricultural land, as well as mineral deposits.

Design parameters for river floodplain flooding should be determined on the basis of engineering and hydrological calculations, depending on the accepted classes of protective structures in accordance with Section. 2. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between flooding: deep-water (depth over 5 m), medium (depth from 2 to 5 m), shallow-water (depth of coverage of the land surface with water up to 2 m).

1 .4. The boundaries of areas of man-made flooding should be determined when developing projects for water management facilities for various purposes and systems for draining waste and wastewater from industrial enterprises, agricultural lands and mine workings of mineral deposits.

1 .5 . When assessing the negative impacts of flooding of a territory, one should take into account the depth of groundwater, the duration and intensity of the process, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and geocryological, medical and sanitary, geobotanical, zoological, soil, agricultural, reclamation, economic and economic features of the area of the protected territory.

1.6. When developing engineering protection projects against flooding, the following sources of flooding should be taken into account: the spread of groundwater backwater from reservoirs, canals, pumped storage power plant basins and other hydraulic structures, the backwater of groundwater due to filtration from irrigated lands to adjacent territories, the leakage of water from water-carrying communications and structures in protected areas, precipitation.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of simultaneous manifestation of individual sources of flooding or their combinations.

The following should be taken into account:

the degree of atmospheric moisture in the protected areas;

loss of water from water-carrying communications and containers.

1.7. When engineering protection of urban and industrial areas, the negative impact of flooding on:

changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils at the base of engineering structures and the aggressiveness of groundwater;

reliability of the structures of buildings and structures, including those erected in mined and previously mined areas;

stability and strength of underground structures when changing hydrostatic pressure of groundwater;

corrosion of underground parts of metal structures, pipeline systems, water supply and heating systems;

reliability of the functioning of utilities, structures and equipment due to water penetration into underground premises;

manifestation of suffusion and erosion;

sanitary and hygienic e state of the territory;

in the case of storing food and non-food products in basement and underground warehouses.

1.8. When flooding agricultural lands and natural landscapes, the impact of flooding on:

changes in soil salt regime;

swamping of the territory;

natural systems in general and on the living conditions of representatives of flora and fauna;

sanitary and hygienic condition of the territory.

1.9 . Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and inundation should be aimed at preventing or reducing economic, social and environmental damage, which is determined by a decrease in the quantity and quality of products from various sectors of the national economy, deterioration of hygienic and health conditions of life of the population, costs of restoring the reliability of objects in flooded areas. and flooded areas.

1.10. When designing engineering protection against flooding and underwatering, it is necessary to determine the feasibility and possibility of simultaneous use of structures and systems of engineering protection in order to improve water supply and water supply, cultural and living conditions of the population, operation of industrial and municipal facilities, as well as in the interests of energy, road, railway and water transport, mining, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, land reclamation, recreation and nature conservation, providing in projects the possibility of creating options for multifunctional engineering protection structures.

1.11. The design of engineering protection structures must ensure:

reliability of protective structures, uninterrupted operation at the lowest operating costs;

the ability to conduct systematic observations of the operation and condition of structures and equipment;

optimal operating modes of water discharge structures;

GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA

BUILDING REGULATIONS

ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY
FROM FLOODING AND FLOODING

SNiP 2.06.15-85

DEVELOPED by the Institute "Hydroproekt" named after. S.Ya. Zhuk of the USSR Ministry of Energy (candidate of technical sciences G.G. Gangardt, A.G. Oskolkov, V.M. Semenkov, candidates of technical sciences S.I. Egorshin, M.P. Malyshev - topic leader; candidate of geogr. Sciences S.M. Uspensky, Candidate of Biological Sciences N.M. Chamova, V.N. Kondratiev, L.S. Svaschenko, M.D. Romanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences I.I. Fain, I.P. Fedorov and Y.P. Ivanov), Central Research Institute of Urban Development of the State Civil Engineering of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences V.B. Belyaev and N.A. Korneev), VNII VODGEO of the Gosstroy of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences V.S. Alekseev, Dr. of Technical Sciences, Prof. A. Z. Muftakhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences N. P. Kuranov, I. V. Korinchenko), PNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR (Candidates of Technical Sciences V. V. Vedernikov and E. S. Dzektser) , V/O "Soyuzvodproekt" of the Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences P.G. Fialkovsky, A.N. Krzhizhanovsky), Soyuzgiprovodkhoz named after. HER. Alekseevsky Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences G.P. Obodzinskaya and K.A. Tikhonova, V.N. Bogomolov), SANIIRI named after. V.D. Zhurin Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences Kh.A. Irmukhamedov and M.M. Mirziyatov), Ukrainian branch of the Central Research Institute of Water Resources of the Ministry of Water Resources of the USSR (candidates of technical sciences V.L. Maksimchuk, A.I. Tomiltseva and V.P. Tkachenko), Institute "Giprogor" of the State Construction Committee of the RSFSR (I.M. Schneider and P.A. Minchenko), Institute of Fluid Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR A.Ya. Oleinik, Doctor of Technical Sciences N.G. Pivovar, Candidate of Technical Sciences Yu.N. Sokolnikov), Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Doctor of Technical Sciences M.G. Khublaryan, Doctor of Geographical Sciences A.B. Avakyan, Candidates of Geographical Sciences V.P. Saltankin and V.A. Sharapov), IMPiTM im. E.I. Martsinovsky Ministry of Health of the USSR (corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Prof. F.F. Soprunov, Doctors of Medical Sciences N.A. Romanenko and S.A. Beer), Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman of the USSR Ministry of Health (candidates of medical sciences L.V. Kudrin, G.V. Guskov and I.L. Vinokur), GIZR of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture (candidates of economic sciences S.I. Nosov and V.A. Vashanov, V.P. . Varlashkin), All-Russian Research Institute of Nature Conservation and Reserve Affairs of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture (Doctors of Biological Sciences Yu.P. Yazan and Y.V. Sapetin), Dnepropetrovsk branch of "UkrkommunNIIproekt" of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Ukrainian SSR (T.S. Pak and V.G. Ivanov) , Giprokommunstroy of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR (V.P. Sapronenkov, B.P. Kopkov and O.P. Stadukhina), MISS im. V.V. Kuibyshev Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. N.A. Tsytovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences Y.A. Kronik, E.A. Smetchuk and D.S. Fotiev), VSEGINGEO Ministry of Geology of the USSR (Dr. Geological and Mineral Sciences, Prof. V.M. Goldberg, Candidate of Geological and Mineral Sciences S.M. Semenov), Foundation Project of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy (M.N. Pink, A.A. Kolesov and V.D. Antonyuk), VNIILM State Forestry of the USSR (L.T. Pavlushkin, Candidate of Geographical Sciences V.V. Sysuev).

INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Energy.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR (V.A. Kulinichev).

These building codes and regulations apply to the design of systems, facilities and structures for engineering protection against flooding and flooding of settlements, industrial, transport, energy and public utility facilities, mineral deposits and mine workings, agricultural and forest lands, and natural landscapes.
When designing systems, objects and structures for engineering protection, one must comply with the “Fundamentals of land legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “Fundamentals of water legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “Fundamentals of forest legislation of the USSR and Union republics”, “USSR Law on the protection and use of wildlife" and other legislation on issues of nature conservation and use of natural resources, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. When designing the engineering protection of a territory from flooding and flooding, it is necessary to develop a set of measures to ensure the prevention of flooding and flooding of territories, depending on the requirements of their functional use and protection of the natural environment or the elimination of the negative impacts of flooding and flooding.
Protection of the territory of populated areas, industrial and municipal warehouse facilities should ensure:
uninterrupted and reliable operation and development of urban, urban planning, production and technical, communication, transport facilities, recreation areas and other territorial systems and individual structures of the national economy;
standard medical and sanitary living conditions of the population;
regulatory sanitary and hygienic, social and recreational conditions of protected areas.
Protection against flooding and flooding of mineral deposits and mine workings should ensure:
protection of subsoil and natural landscapes;
safe conduct of open-pit and underground mining of mineral deposits, including non-metallic materials;
eliminating the possibility of man-made flooding and flooding of territories caused by the development of mineral deposits.
Protection of agricultural lands and natural landscapes should:
promote the intensification of production of agricultural, forestry and fishery products;
create optimal agrotechnical conditions;
regulate hydrological and hydrogeological regimes in the protected area depending on the functional use of the land;
promote the integrated and rational use and protection of land, water, minerals and other natural resources.
When protecting natural landscapes near cities and towns, it is necessary to provide for the use of the territory to create sanitary protection zones, forest parks, medical and recreational facilities, recreation areas, including all types of tourism, recreation and sports.
1.2. The main means of engineering protection should include embankment, artificial elevation of the surface of the territory, channel control structures and structures for regulating and draining surface runoff, drainage systems and separate drainages and other protective structures.
As auxiliary means of engineering protection, it is necessary to use the natural properties of natural systems and their components, which enhance the effectiveness of the main means of engineering protection. The latter should include increasing the drainage and drainage role of the hydrographic network by clearing channels and oxbow lakes, phytomelioration, agroforestry measures, etc.
The engineering protection project for the territory should include organizational and technical measures to ensure the passage of spring floods and summer floods.
Engineering protection in built-up areas should provide for the formation of a single integrated territorial system or local on-site protective structures that provide effective protection of territories from river floods, flooding and underwatering during the creation of reservoirs and canals; from rising groundwater levels caused by the construction and operation of buildings, structures and networks.
Unified integrated territorial engineering protection systems should be designed regardless of the departmental affiliation of the protected territories and objects.
1.3. The need to protect floodplain areas from natural flooding is determined by the need and degree of use of individual sections of these territories for urban or industrial development, or for agricultural land, as well as mineral deposits.
Design parameters for river floodplain flooding should be determined on the basis of engineering and hydrological calculations, depending on the accepted classes of protective structures in accordance with Section. 2. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between flooding: deep-water (depth over 5 m), medium (depth from 2 to 5 m), shallow-water (depth of coverage of the land surface with water up to 2 m).
1.4. The boundaries of areas of man-made flooding should be determined when developing projects for water management facilities for various purposes and systems for draining waste and wastewater from industrial enterprises, agricultural lands and mine workings of mineral deposits.
The negative impact of flooding by existing or projected reservoirs should be assessed depending on the reservoir release modes and the duration of the flooding effect on the coastal area. It is necessary to distinguish between: constant flooding - below the dead volume level (LVL); periodic - between the marks of the normal retaining level (NRL) and the ULV; temporary (increasing the reservoir level above the FSL).
1.5. When assessing the negative impacts of flooding of a territory, one should take into account the depth of groundwater, the duration and intensity of the process, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and geocryological, medical and sanitary, geobotanical, zoological, soil, agricultural, reclamation, economic and economic features of the area of the protected territory.
When assessing damage from flooding, it is necessary to take into account the development of the territory, the classes of protected structures and objects, the value of agricultural land, mineral deposits and natural landscapes.
1.6. When developing engineering protection projects against flooding, the following sources of flooding should be taken into account: the spread of groundwater backwater from reservoirs, canals, pumped storage power plant basins and other hydraulic structures, the backwater of groundwater due to filtration from irrigated lands to adjacent territories, the leakage of water from water-carrying communications and structures in protected areas, precipitation.
In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of simultaneous manifestation of individual sources of flooding or their combinations.
The flooding zone on the coastal territory of the designed reservoir or other water body should be determined by a forecast of the distribution of groundwater backwater at the calculated water level in the water body based on geological and hydrogeological surveys, and on existing water bodies - on the basis of hydrogeological studies.
The zone of distribution of groundwater backwater from irrigated lands to adjacent territories should be determined on the basis of water balance and hydrodynamic calculations, the results of geological and soil surveys.
The following should be taken into account:
the degree of atmospheric moisture in the protected areas;
loss of water from water-carrying communications and containers.
Forecast quantitative characteristics of flooding for developed territories must be compared with actual data from hydrogeological observations. If actual data exceeds forecast data, additional sources of flooding must be identified.
1.7. When engineering protection of urban and industrial areas, the negative impact of flooding on:
changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils at the base of engineering structures and the aggressiveness of groundwater;
reliability of the structures of buildings and structures, including those erected in mined and previously mined areas;
stability and strength of underground structures when changing hydrostatic pressure of groundwater;
corrosion of underground parts of metal structures, pipeline systems, water supply and heating systems;
reliability of the functioning of utilities, structures and equipment due to water penetration into underground premises;
manifestation of suffusion and erosion;
sanitary and hygienic condition of the territory;
conditions for storing food and non-food products in basement and underground warehouses.
1.8. When flooding agricultural lands and natural landscapes, the impact of flooding on:
changes in soil salt regime;
swamping of the territory;
natural systems in general and on the living conditions of representatives of flora and fauna;
sanitary and hygienic condition of the territory.
1.9. Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and inundation should be aimed at preventing or reducing economic, social and environmental damage, which is determined by a decrease in the quantity and quality of products from various sectors of the national economy, deterioration of hygienic and health conditions of life of the population, costs of restoring the reliability of objects in flooded areas. and flooded areas.
1.10. When designing engineering protection against flooding and flooding, it is necessary to determine the feasibility and possibility of simultaneous use of engineering protection structures and systems in order to improve water supply and water supply, cultural and living conditions of the population, operation of industrial and municipal facilities, as well as in the interests of energy, road, railway and water transport, mining, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, land reclamation, recreation and nature conservation, providing in projects the possibility of creating options for multifunctional engineering protection structures.
1.11. The design of engineering protection structures must ensure:
reliability of protective structures, uninterrupted operation at the lowest operating costs;
the ability to conduct systematic observations of the operation and condition of structures and equipment;
optimal operating modes of water discharge structures;
Maximum use of local building materials and natural resources.
The choice of options for engineering protection structures should be made on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of the indicators of the compared options.
1.12. Territories of settlements and areas of mining deposits should be protected from the consequences specified in clause 1.7, as well as from landslides, thermokarst and thermoerosion, and agricultural lands - from the consequences specified in clause 1.8, improving microclimatic, agroforestry and other conditions.
When designing the engineering protection of territories, one must comply with the requirements of the “Rules for the protection of surface waters from pollution by wastewater”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Water Resources, the USSR Ministry of Fisheries and the USSR Ministry of Health.
In cases where the designed engineering protection structures coincide territorially with existing or created water protection, environmental protection zones, national parks, nature reserves, nature reserves, environmental protection measures of the territory engineering protection project must be coordinated with state control authorities for environmental protection.
1.13. The effectiveness of the designed flood control measures should be determined by comparing the technical and economic indicators of the option for the integrated use of the reservoir and protected lands with the option of using the land before carrying out flood control measures.
1.14. Flood control dams, embankment dams for populated areas and industrial facilities, mineral deposits and mine workings should be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section. 3 of these standards and SNiP II-50-74, and agricultural lands - also in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-52-74.
When designing flood protection systems on rivers, the requirements for the integrated use of water resources of watercourses should be taken into account.
The choice of the estimated probability of flood passage through spillway protective structures is justified by technical and economic calculations taking into account the classes of protective structures in accordance with the requirements of Section. 2.
1.15. Structures regulating surface runoff in areas protected from flooding should be calculated based on the estimated flow of surface water entering these areas (rain and melt water, temporary and permanent watercourses), taken in accordance with the class of the protective structure.
Surface runoff from the watershed side should be diverted from the protected area through mountain canals, and, if necessary, provision should be made for the construction of reservoirs that allow the accumulation of part of the surface runoff.
1.16. A comprehensive territorial system of engineering protection against flooding and flooding should include several different means of engineering protection in the following cases:
the presence of industrial or civil structures in the protected territory, the protection of which by individual means of engineering protection is impossible and ineffective;
complex morphometric, topographical, hydrogeological and other conditions that preclude the use of one or another individual object of engineering protection.
1.17. When protecting territories from flooding and flooding caused by the construction of hydropower and water management facilities, a feasibility study for engineering protection of classes I and II should be carried out on the basis of technical and economic calculations in accordance with the recommended Appendix 1.
Justification of engineering protection structures when designing water management facilities of republican, regional, regional and local significance, as well as engineering protection structures of classes III and IV, should be carried out on the basis of the “Standard costs for the development of new lands to replace those withdrawn for non-agricultural needs”, approved by the councils of ministers of the Union republics.

2. CLASSES OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION STRUCTURES

2.1. Classes of engineering protection structures are assigned, as a rule, no lower than the classes of protected objects, depending on their national economic significance.
When protecting the territory on which objects of various classes are located, the class of engineering protection structures should, as a rule, correspond to the class of the majority of protected objects. In this case, individual objects with a higher class than the class established for engineering protection structures of the territory can be protected locally. The classes of such objects and their local protection must correspond to each other.
If a feasibility study establishes that local protection is inappropriate, then the engineering protection class of the territory should be increased by one.
2.2. Classes of permanent hydraulic engineering protection structures of the water-retaining type should be assigned in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-50-74 and depending on the characteristics of the protected territory according to mandatory Appendix 2 of these standards.
2.3. Classes of protective structures of a non-water-retaining type (bed-regulating and runoff-regulating, drainage systems, etc.) should be assigned in accordance with the “Rules for taking into account the degree of responsibility of buildings and structures when designing structures,” approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
Design conditions for design are accepted according to SNiP II-50-74 in accordance with the accepted class.
2.4. The excess of the crest of water-retaining protective structures above the design water level should be assigned depending on the class of protective structures and taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.
In this case, the possibility of increasing the water level due to the restriction of the watercourse by protective structures should be taken into account.
2.5. When protecting the territory from flooding by raising the surface of the territory by filling or alluvial soil, the elevation of the filled territory from the side of the water body should be taken in the same way as for the crest of embankment dams; The surface elevation of the backfilled area for protection against flooding should be determined taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-60-75**.
2.6. When designing engineering protection on the banks of watercourses and reservoirs, the maximum water level in them with the probability of being exceeded, depending on the class of engineering protection structures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-50-74 for the main design case, is taken as the design one.

Notes: 1. The probability of exceeding the design water level for Class I structures protecting agricultural areas with an area of over 100 thousand hectares is assumed to be 0.5%; for Class IV structures protecting territories for health-recreational and sanitary-protective purposes - 10%.
2. The overflow of water over the crest of engineering protection structures of urban areas at calibrated design water levels in accordance with SNiP II-50-74 is not allowed. For urban areas and separate industrial enterprises, a plan of organizational and technical measures must be developed in the event of a flood with a probability equal to the verification design case.

Table 1

Nature of development Drainage rate, m
1. Territories of large industrial zones and complexes Up to 15
2. Territories of urban industrial zones, municipal and warehouse zones, centers of the largest, large and large cities 5
3. Residential areas of cities and rural settlements 2
4. Territories of sports and recreational facilities and institutions serving recreation areas 1
5. Territories of recreational and protective zones (public green spaces, parks, sanitary protection zones) 1

Norms for drainage of agricultural land are determined in accordance with SNiP II-52-74.
Standards for drainage of mineral development areas are determined taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.06.14-85.
Drainage standards in adjacent urban, agricultural and other areas used by various land users are determined taking into account the requirements of each land user.
2.8. Classes of protective structures against flooding should be assigned depending on drainage standards and the estimated drop in groundwater levels according to Table. 2.

table 2

Drainage standards, m Estimated drop in groundwater level, m, for classes of structures
I II III IV
Up to 15 St. 5 Up to 5  
5  St. 3 To 3 
2    Up to 2

... The full version of the document with tables, images and applications is in the attached file...

1 area of ​​use

2 Normative references

4 General provisions

5 Classes of engineering protection structures

6 Requirements for the design of engineering protection systems against flooding and flooding

6.1 Means of engineering protection against flooding and flooding

6.2 Special requirements for engineering protection in the permafrost zone

6.4 Recreational requirements

7 Requirements for an engineering survey assignment

8 Engineering protection structures

8.1 Embankment dams

8.2 Upland canals

8.3 Pumping stations

8.4 Drainage systems and drains

9 Basic design provisions

10 Monitoring of engineering protection systems and hydrogeological conditions of the territory

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding

BUILDING REGULATIONS

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. CLASSES OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION STRUCTURES

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF OBJECTS AND STRUCTURES ENGINEERING PROTECTION

PROTECTION OF TERRITORIES FROM FLOODING

ARTIFICIAL RAISING OF THE TERRITORY SURFACE

REGULATION AND DRAINAGE OF SURFACE WATER FROM PROTECTED TERRITORY

PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY FROM FLOODING

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERING PROTECTION IN THE ZONE OF PERMAFROST SOILS

RECREATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ON ENGINEERING RESEARCH MATERIALS

5. PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES

DAM EMBANKING

HIGH CHANNELS

PUMPING STATIONS

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND DRAINAGES

6. CALCULATIONS FOR JUSTIFICATION OF SYSTEMS OPERATION RELIABILITY, ENGINEERING PROTECTION OBJECTS AND STRUCTURES

7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INSTALLATION PROJECT OF CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT (KIA) IN ENGINEERING PROTECTION STRUCTURES

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION ENGINEERING PROTECTION AT RESERVOIRS

CLASSES OF PROTECTIVE WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES

COMPOSITION OF SURVEY MATERIALS FOR DIFFERENT DESIGN STAGES ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

TERMS USED IN THESE SNiPs

1 area of use

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF OBJECTS AND STRUCTURES
ENGINEERING PROTECTION

REGULATION AND DRAINAGE OF SURFACE WATER
FROM PROTECTED TERRITORY

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERING PROTECTION
IN THE ZONE OF PERMAFROST SOILS

4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
ON ENGINEERING RESEARCH MATERIALS

6. CALCULATIONS FOR JUSTIFICATION OF SYSTEMS OPERATION RELIABILITY,
ENGINEERING PROTECTION OBJECTS AND STRUCTURES

7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INSTALLATION PROJECT OF CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT
EQUIPMENT (KIA) IN ENGINEERING PROTECTION STRUCTURES

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION
ENGINEERING PROTECTION AT RESERVOIRS

COMPOSITION OF SURVEY MATERIALS
FOR DIFFERENT DESIGN STAGES
ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND