“Hinged ventilated facade” is a technology borrowed from the West, which has been actively used by builders in Russia over the past few years
“Hinged ventilated facade” is a technology borrowed from the West, which has been actively used by builders in Russia over the past few years. However, given her design features, you need to know: this system during operation demonstrates a whole list of shortcomings. Let's consider the main characteristics of this technology and the consequences of its use in our country.
A typical facade system is a structure consisting of cladding materials (ceramic granite, fiber cement boards, composite panels, etc.), insulation ( mineral wool), frame structure made of aluminum or stainless steel, which is attached to the load-bearing wall of the building or ceiling in such a way that there is an air gap between the external facing screen and the thermal insulation layer. Because of this air gap, such facades are called “ventilated”.
Why don’t practical Europeans opt for ventilated façade technology? There are many reasons for this, let's look at the main ones.
Heterogeneity of design
Metal fasteners, which are used to fix the ventilation facade, sharply worsen the thermal uniformity of the entire structure; it becomes a “cold bridge” in this system, which is associated with the huge difference in the thermal conductivity coefficients of the bracket material and mineral wool insulation (about 1,000 times for steel and about 5,000 times for aluminum).
It has been proven that the number of brackets significantly affects the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity: when the number of brackets increases from one to four, this coefficient decreases from 0.93 to 0.76 in the case of steel brackets and from 0.83 to 0.56 if the brackets are made made of aluminum. In practice, the number of brackets will be at least two, in most cases there will be more than three. In such cases, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity will be less than 0.8 if the brackets are made of steel, and less than 0.6 if the brackets are made of aluminum.
The calculation results show that ensuring the required values of heat transfer resistance of facades with a ventilated air gap is not such a simple task. The influence of metal brackets is very significant, which leads to the need to increase the thickness of the insulation layer by up to 50%, which means an increase in the price of insulation by 1.5 times.
Shrinkage, thinning and deformation of the insulation layer
Mineral wool used as insulation for the ventilation facade system, under the load of a complex of operational influences, becomes compacted and shrinks.
A significant change in the linear dimensions of mineral wool slabs in the structure of ventilated facades was recorded: shrinkage along the length and width. According to research, after 25 conventional years of operation with slab sizes of 1000x500x50 mm, the seams between adjacent slabs, with their average density of 74 kg/m3, can open by 20-40 mm, and with a density of 156 kg/m3 - by 5-10 mm, which leads to the formation of “cold bridges”. At the same time, the weight loss of mineral wool slabs in relation to ventilated facades over 25 conventional years of operation can reach - 18.78% for slabs with a density of 74 kg/cub.m and - 3.32% for slabs with a density of 156 kg/cub.m.
Shrinkage and deformation, compaction of cotton wool insulation entail a sharp decrease in its thermophysical properties and, as a consequence, an increase in heat loss of the building. Such a house will be cold in winter and hot in summer.
Water absorption
During wet weather, water inevitably penetrates into the system through cracks in the façade cladding. Loosening of the cotton wool material during deformation leads to swelling of the slabs along the thickness, as a result of which the air gap in the ventilation facade system is reduced and ventilation and the process of removing moisture from the insulation deteriorate.
It was found that 16 conventional years of operation led to an increase in the thickness of the slab by 40%, a decrease in strength and a twofold increase in thermal conductivity.
As a result of the action of all these factors, the insulation becomes water-saturated and its heat-insulating properties sharply decrease: moisture-saturated cotton wool no longer turns into a heat-insulating material, but into a heat-conducting material. The consequence is a decrease in temperature and increase in humidity in the premises, the appearance of mold, fungi, formaldehyde and rot, and a gradual settlement of the insulation down the system structure under the weight of its own increased gravity. There is a possibility of partial collapse of the thermal insulation material.
The use of special wind-waterproof coatings or expensive membranes in ventilation facade structures leads to a significant increase in the final cost of the project, and does not completely solve the problems of reducing thermal insulation characteristics buildings as a result of exposure to moisture.
Release of harmful fibers into the environment
As a result of weight loss and a decrease in the strength of the material of mineral wool slabs, some of the fibers break and turn into dust. It has been established that the processes of destruction of mineral wool slabs are accompanied by the release of dust into the environment. According to experimental research, for 25 conventional years of operation of a 9-story building with a ventilated facade, air flows circulating under cladding panels can carry about 1,900 kg of dust emitted by mineral wool insulation into the atmosphere, i.e. 75 kg of dust per year.
Seismic application
About 30% of the entire territory of Russia are earthquake-prone zones, and specialists from RASS (Russian Association for Earthquake-Resistant Construction and Protection from Natural and Technogenic Impacts) declare the need for special adaptation of façade systems to conditions of increased seismicity. To ensure safe operation, external cladding materials must be extremely resistant to aggressive mechanical and atmospheric influences.
For a metal sub-cladding frame and fastening elements, it is necessary to calculate the load-bearing capacity and select suitable material with appropriate anti-corrosion properties.
High cost of technology
A comparative analysis of prices shows that the cost of selling ventilated facades is almost 3 times higher than the cost of others traditional methods, for example: 1 sq.m of finishing using ventilated facade technology costs almost 6,000 rubles, and 1 sq.m. m of finishing using the well masonry method with polystyrene foam boards - about 2,000 rubles, which is three times less. Such a high cost of ventilated facades is due to the high resource intensity of this technology: a significant list of necessary preliminary design calculations, expensive finishing materials, etc. are required.
A heavy structure with a huge amount of fasteners, a large and heavy layer of soaked and settling mineral wool, which has lost all its heat-insulating properties, and all this is covered with tons of facing tiles - this is what we are actively being offered to occupy the facades of Russian cities. Practical and cautious Europeans are in no hurry to apply this construct.
Summarizing all of the above, we can state that the system of ventilated facades is ineffective in Russian climatic conditions and, having a number of significant disadvantages, is definitely not the optimal choice for the mass construction of high-quality budget housing, clearly losing in comparison with traditional technologies well masonry with polystyrene foam boards or wet facades.
Elena MATSEIKO
We all often come across the term ventilated facade, but not everyone imagines what it is. At its core, it is a multilayer coating for the external walls of a building, the main task of which is to insulate and at the same time ventilate the entire facade. Main principle of any ventilated facade - the presence of an air gap between the insulation layer and the finishing coating. This circumstance provides unhindered access of air to the walls of the building, allowing them to “breathe”. Moisture exchange is carried out so naturally that not a drop of condensation is formed, which could negatively affect the wall material. To create a ventilated facade with your own hands, you need to know everything about it and learn all the intricacies of its installation.
There are a large number of materials for both insulation and finishing coating of ventilated facades. We should familiarize ourselves with the main ones.
What are modern ventilated facades made of?
Today, in the decoration of external walls of buildings, not only materials traditional in this field are used, but also those specially designed for ventilated facades. Let us note a few of them that are used almost everywhere:
Composite materials, which are plastic sheets 2 mm thick, which are framed with aluminum overlays. These overlays create the entire design image of the building.
Porcelain tiles. Very durable and monumental material. It has a high cost, since in addition to the slabs themselves, a reinforced special frame is required for its installation. Such a facade is able to withstand any external influences.
In general, the choice is quite rich. All of the listed materials easily fit into the design of ventilated facades, which you can create with your own hands. They provide durability and strength to any walls that are covered with one of these coatings.
Step-by-step instructions for installing a ventilated facade
Any ventilated façade is created in three main steps: installation of a frame on which the rest of the structure will be installed, insulation of the walls modern materials, covering the entire surface with one of the finishing materials.
Construction of a supporting frame
The type and strength of the supporting frame depends entirely on the type of finishing facade material. The heavier this material is, the more powerful and rigid the frame should be. For example, for porcelain stoneware, powerful steel guides are used, which are fastened not only in the vertical direction, but also connect them to each other with horizontal bridges for greater rigidity.
For siding, a profile that is used for fastening drywall indoors will be sufficient. The profiles are attached to the walls with dowels and self-tapping screws on special brackets. Most often they are installed vertically and parallel to each other from the eaves to the base. They try to maintain the distance between the guide profiles so that it is equal to the width of the insulation board. This is done for ease of installation.
In some cases, for lightweight siding, ordinary ones are used as guides. wooden blocks the same thickness. They can be used for wooden walls, which can reduce the cost of the entire structure.
Fastening the guide profiles begins from one of the corners of the building. First, the brackets are attached along the entire height. Then the first profile is screwed onto them. At another corner of the building, a second profile is similarly mounted. At the same time, they try to equalize the distance from the wall on them. After this, brackets are attached at equal distances over the entire remaining area of the wall, excluding window openings.
Before attaching the profiles to them, a rope is pulled between the outer guides. Attention! If the wall is more than 8 m in length, then the profiles should be leveled gradually in small sections. The profiles are secured with self-tapping screws on the brackets, adjusting the distance from the wall along the rope. The result should be a single plane. The frame for the remaining walls is assembled in the same way. At the corners, all structures are fastened together, which gives integrity to the entire frame.
Installation of insulation for a ventilated facade
The choice of method for attaching insulation boards to the facade depends on what type was preferred. A vapor barrier membrane is placed under any insulation. It is worth remembering that this is done necessarily, since wet insulation completely loses its properties and no longer becomes able to retain heat inside the building. This means that all your efforts will be in vain. The membrane is installed according to the instructions. A film placed on the wrong side is simply useless.
Insulation such as mineral or basalt wool is most often attached to walls using special plastic dowels. They look like a hollow fungus with a very wide cap. The holes are drilled with a hammer drill to a depth of 5–6 cm inside the wall. A fungus is inserted into them, and a special spacer nail is driven inside it, pressing the insulation with the cap of the fungus. Typically 6 such dowels are used per 1 m2.
Polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene are most often glued to walls with glue. The foam is made in at least 2 rows, which eliminates the formation of cold bridges. In any case, all joints are foamed. Some types of expanded polystyrene have stepped ends, which allows them to be glued overlapping. This the best option hard insulation. Attached to the insulation on top waterproofing membrane. It does not allow moisture from the outside to penetrate into the interior of the façade. As a result of all work, the insulation should be completely packed in a membrane bag. Ingress of moisture must be completely prevented. In this case, the membrane must ensure ventilation of the facade. Modern superdiffuse membranes have these properties.
Cladding works
The method of attaching the cladding to the frame depends on the selected material. The situation is easiest with siding and composite materials, which can be screwed to the guides with ordinary self-tapping screws, through technological holes in the sheets. Other types of facade materials require fastening using special clamps. Moreover, each material has its own unique design. Instructions for attaching such clamps to the frame are included with the cladding material.
Most often, installation of the cladding begins from the bottom. Sheets of material are attached row by row until they reach the eaves of the building. On window openings, sheets are cut to the required sizes. It should be remembered that the main advantage of ventilated facades is the air layer between the insulation and the cladding. To create it, before attaching the cladding sheets, it is necessary to attach the so-called second sheathing to the guides. The facade material is already attached to it. The result is a layer blown by a directed air flow.
When all the slabs are fixed to the frame, the final stage of installation of the ventilated facade is carried out. To do this, cover all corners and slopes with special additional elements. They give integrity and completeness to the entire structure.
Calculation of a ventilated facade with your own hands
We will calculate the need for materials for the construction of a ventilated facade for a one-story country house area 80 m2. Initial data:
- Country cottage made of foam blocks 10X8 m. Two walls have 2 windows with an area of 2 m2. One wall with a window area of 4 m2. The fourth wall has no windows, but there is a door with an area of 2 m2.
- The height of the walls from the foundation to the cornice is 3 m.
- It is planned to install a ventilated facade made of metal siding with 5 cm thick foam insulation.
Based on the available data, first of all you need to calculate the area of the surface covered by the facade. To do this, find the area of the walls and subtract from it the sum of the areas of all openings. S = Sst. – Spr. We get that S = 2*(10*3) + 2*(8*3) – (2+2+4+2) = 60 + 48 – 10 = 98 m2. Rounding this number, we get 100 m2 of surface covered by a ventilated façade. We will not count the elements quantitatively, since this depends on specific material and its sizes. Thus, we will need 100 m2 of siding, foam insulation, vapor barrier film and waterproofing. The number of dowels must be at least 600, and additional elements are counted separately for each corner and slope.
Even after studying everything necessary instructions, no one is immune from making some mistakes. Therefore, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with some tips from knowledgeable experts:
- Before starting work on self-installation ventilated facade, it is necessary to draw up at least a non-professional project. This will allow you to calculate the need for materials and do everything step by step with quality control of the work performed.
- When choosing fasteners, you need to test them on a specific surface. This will avoid purchasing low-quality fasteners.
- You should not install a ventilated facade on walls that are made of hollow materials: brick or foam blocks. This can lead to their destruction when driving in dowels, as well as to the penetration of cold into the walls.
- Thermal insulation must be installed in accordance with the attached instructions. The seam between the plates should vary vertically.
- The installation of brackets must be very accurate and of high quality. A deviation of just half a centimeter from the level can lead to serious surface unevenness.
- Under each bracket it is necessary to install a paronite gasket, which protects against heat loss in the room. In addition, it allows you to compensate for the deformation movement of the system over time.
Building a ventilated façade with your own hands is not that difficult. The main thing is to comply with all norms and building regulations, take into account, and not brush aside the advice of professionals, and do everything carefully, checking every step you take. In this case, the result will delight you and your family for a long time. A properly installed ventilated facade will improve the appearance of your home, create warmth and comfort in it, and also raise your self-esteem to a fair level.
External influences, such as temperature changes and precipitation, over time cause dilapidation and destruction of any buildings. The point is microcracks that exist in the external walls of all buildings. To prevent destruction processes, various protective measures are used that can reduce the impact of the external environment on the walls of the structure.
One of the most effective measures are curtain facades.
They perform the main task - they create a coating, another layer that protects the walls from destruction, absorbing external influences.
Traditional coatings such as lining, plaster and ceramic panels have a very limited service life and require repairs after some time. The use of façade systems as protection is free from such disadvantages.
What are ventilated facades?
Curtain facade was invented 50-60 years ago, although they appeared in our country relatively recently. These are practical, reliable and aesthetically attractive facade systems that protect the walls of the building from aggressive external influences and allow you to save on repairs to the external walls of the building.
Regardless of the facing material used (porcelain stoneware, glass or fiber cement boards), the NF structure is approximately the same: fastening system, insulation and cladding.
Facade systems built on the “pie” principle create an additional wall, which is secured using special profiles. As a result, the curtain wall slabs protect the external walls of the house from moisture, precipitation, and direct exposure to sunlight. Installation of facing slabs is carried out at some distance from inner layers facade system, so that a layer of air is formed. It allows you to avoid the accumulation of dampness, and therefore the processes of rotting.
Types of facade systems
Depending on the cladding slabs and panels used, ventilated facades can be divided into:
| Advantages | |
| Facades made of porcelain stoneware | Low cost, ease of processing, weather resistance, impact resistance, excellent sound insulation. |
| Aluminum Composite Panels | Thanks to the flexibility and low weight of the panels, you can easily create various complex architectural forms. Plasticity, excellent sound insulation, self-cleaning during precipitation. |
| Fiber cement panels | Reliability, cost-effectiveness, ease of installation, non-flammability, the material is simply painted and processed. Due to its low cost, it is suitable for cladding cottages and private houses. |
| High pressure laminate panels | Light weight and large size, resistance to external influences and aggressive environments, zero absorption, excellent thermal insulation. |
| Linear slabs | Protection from environmental influences, ease of installation, self-cleaning during rain. |
| Glass panels | Aesthetic appearance, protection from UV radiation, precipitation, high temperatures, self-cleaning. |
| Agglomerate granite slabs | Strength, wear resistance, fire resistance, inertness to chemicals, long service life. |
Due to its different qualities and advantages, each type of curtain wall is used for cladding various structures.
Thus, installing a glass facade gives the building a modern look and is usually used to decorate airports and business centers.
Fiber cement boards, due to their efficiency and ease of installation, are used for cladding cottages and private houses.
Porcelain stoneware facades are used to decorate the lower floors of high-rise buildings.
Advantages of hanging systems
- Protection from environmental influences. Installation of the facade system is carried out in such a way as not only to decorate the house, but also to protect it from adverse influences environment, such as rain, sun and winds, as well as mechanical influences.
- Insulation. Hanging systems are designed according to the “pie” principle: insulation is installed in one or two layers between the building wall and the external cladding of the NF, retaining heat inside the building and preventing the penetration of cold. In summer, such buildings retain coolness better. Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs.
- Soundproofing. Due to the same design, excellent noise and sound insulation is ensured. Extraneous noise is absorbed by the thermal insulation layer, and additional protection creates a layer of air and the facing slabs themselves.
- Moisture protection. Thanks to the air gap, air circulates freely inside hanging system, and the outer walls of the building remain dry.
- Easy to install. A curtain wall can be installed at any time of the year. During installation and further operation, no humidity, gusts of wind or even precipitation can damage the facade.
- Correction of external defects. The design of the facade system can hide minor defects and unevenness of the external walls of the building. Moreover, the cost of installation will be much lower than cosmetic repairs. And the service life of such cladding cannot even be compared with conventional repair procedures.
- Easy to repair. The construction of a ventilated facade is different high accuracy, excluding inaccuracies and discrepancies. Therefore, there is no need to overpay for expensive repairs or dismantling of the entire system.
The use of ventilated facades outside the city
Recently, the scale of suburban construction in Russia has increased significantly. Curtain facades, having firmly conquered the space of urban construction, are now spreading into the field of individual development. It must be said that facade cladding has many advantages that may appeal to owners of private houses.
The main thing is to choose the right set of materials.
When arranging a ventilated cladding system for a private house, first of all you should pay attention to the frame, which is attached to the load-bearing wall and serves as the base for the cladding panels.
A lightweight, durable and economical aluminum profile is perfect for a private home. Unlike aluminum construction, galvanized steel profiles are subject to corrosion and require replacement after 5 years.
The cladding of the house is also of considerable importance. When constructing a curtain wall in suburban construction, porcelain stoneware and fiber cement slabs are most often used.
Porcelain tiles are made from natural elements such as quartz, white clay and mineral pigments. This is a durable material, very similar to natural. It provides excellent protection of the facade from mechanical damage, as well as aggressive natural influences. His the only drawback is heaviness. When facing external walls with porcelain stoneware panels, a powerful steel profile should be used.
Fiber cement boards do not have these disadvantages. Made from synthetic fiber and lightweight concrete, they are lightweight, reliable, low price, easy to install and non-flammable. This material qualitatively imitates stone, rock, tile, brick and other textures, and is easy to paint and process. The highest quality fiber cement panels from Japanese companies: “Asahitostem” and “Nichiha”. More economical slabs Russian manufacturers: “Latonit” and “Kraspan”, as well as Chinese “SunStone”.
Due to the regular increase in energy costs, people are constantly forced to come up with something that could make their homes warmer and at the same time reduce heating costs. One of these very useful solutions is hinged ventilated facades. The multilayer external structure of the walls improves their thermal efficiency and extends their service life, and the use of different textures and color scheme decorative materials allows you to achieve improved aesthetics of the building as a whole.
Why is the façade system called ventilated? Yes, because the finishing coating in it is not adjacent to the wall, but is located at some distance. This gap is made for air circulation to prevent the formation of condensation.
The air layer is also a natural heat insulator, so even if the system is not insulated, the walls will not freeze as much as when doing plaster or adhesive cladding.
What are the features of the system
Since it is a system, it means that it consists of a certain number of elements. If we consider it in essence, without taking into account possible nuances, that is:
- substructure (framework, the structure of which we will look at a little later);
- heat-insulating board material;
- hydro-wind protection in the form of a membrane;
- air gap;
- decorative protective screen.
Note! There may not be thermal insulation in the NVF system, but even in this case ventilation gap is required. However, most often this system designed for the purpose of external insulation, since wall insulation installed inside the premises does not give the desired effect. Therefore, in this article we will discuss specifically the insulated facade.
In capital construction, the option of exterior finishing of the building is provided at the design stage. If a decision is made to carry out cladding using the NVF system, then depending on the type of material used hanging material(weight plays the main role), the number and strength of the load-bearing frame elements must be calculated.
Ventilated systems are good because they can be installed not only on newly constructed buildings, but also on those that have been in use for a long time, in order to update their appearance and increase thermal efficiency existing walls. The material from which they are constructed can be any, but its mechanical and physical properties should be taken into account.
For example, aerated concrete wall does not have the strength of brick, and may not withstand the substantial weight of the suspended structure. Special fasteners help solve the problem, but they also have their limits. Therefore, in multi-storey construction, warm plaster systems are often designed for such walls rather than ventilation facades.
But for low-rise buildings Today we offer a wide selection of lightweight and very beautifully textured materials (for example, polymer siding). They imitate wood, brick or stone, plaster, and with the weight of 1 m² of cladding not exceeding 3 kg, they can be mounted anywhere.
Buildings made of solid brick or reinforced concrete benefit most from installing ventilated systems on the facade, since these walls are the coldest. As a result of such exterior finishing, the internal climate comfort in such buildings is significantly improved, not to mention their exterior.
Overview of subsystem elements
If in low-rise buildings the role of load-bearing elements of the ventilation facade is perfectly performed by wooden bars, then in official construction only steel subsystems are designed. Their completeness may vary depending on the type of decorative modules and the method of their fastening, but in general it looks approximately as shown in the table.
Table 1. Varieties of subsystem elements.
| Appearance and name of the element | Design features |
|---|---|
| This is the part that keeps the guide on the wall and also provides the necessary indentation. Most often, the bracket looks like a corner with a convex edge (it provides rigidity), but there may be other options. As you can see in the photo, the support bracket has two shelves: the first support is the one on which there are two mounting holes oval in shape, the second is load-bearing. Either a component of the bracket or the frame stand itself is attached to it. |
| The system may contain not only support brackets (which are directly fixed to the wall), but also movable brackets. When combined, they form a composite load-bearing element. |
| An anchor is a type of fastener that provides reliable fixation of brackets to walls. The diameter, as a rule, is 8 mm, the length varies from 8 to 25 cm. When installing the subsystem on dense concrete or brick surfaces, self-anchoring expansion bolts are used. On walls made of porous or hollow materials, universal expansion dowels with a pulling force of 2.5 kilonewtons or more are used. Selection is carried out depending on the condition and type of base. |
| One of the main elements of the ventilation façade is the guide, which different systems may have the shape of a corner or Latin letter Z. Depending on the configuration and position of the facing modules, it can be mounted vertically, horizontally, or crosswise. Attaches to shelf brackets. |
| The term “clamp” (or kleimer) refers to steel fasteners, by means of which facing slabs or cassettes are fixed to the sheathing. |
| There are many types of insulation, but mineral wool is best suited for installation in a suspended subsystem. Expanded polystyrene is vapor-proof; it does not allow steam accumulated in the room to escape. As they say in such cases: “the wall doesn’t breathe.” For facades, slabs with increased rigidity of grade P-125 with a density of 75 kg/m³ are used. If necessary, they can be installed in several layers; the total thickness of the thermal insulation is determined by calculation. |
| A diffusion membrane is installed on top of the insulation. Its task is to protect the insulation from weathering and getting wet from the outside, and to allow steam to escape into the ventilated space. That is, the material is double-sided, and it is very important not to confuse during installation which side should face the insulation. |
| A strong fit of the insulation is ensured by the sheathing elements, but mechanical fixation is also required. For this purpose, disc-type dowels are used. |
| The photo shows only one of the options for ventilated cladding - a metal cassette. They most often decorate buildings with large area facades. But in general, there are many options, and the following can be used as cladding: 1. Aluminum composite (Alucobond type). 2. Profiled steel sheet. 3. Heat-treated wood. 4. WPC (wood and polymer composite). 5. Thermal panels (two or three-layer modules made of insulation and small tiles). 6. Siding (long or modular panels with locking joints). 7. High-strength HPL plastic. 8. Porcelain tiles. 9. Ceramic panels and tiles. 10. Panels made of fiber-reinforced concrete and artificial stone. |
Prices for mineral wool
In addition to the indicated elements, when installing a hanging system, accessories can be used to frame openings, decorate joints and transitions from one plane to another. But this already depends on what kind of material is chosen for cladding.
Prices for dowels for insulation
Dowel umbrella
Curtain façade system - step-by-step installation
Correct calculation of load-bearing elements and the overall thermal efficiency of the system is very important, but its high-quality installation also plays an equally important role in the durability of the structure. We present to your attention step-by-step instructions that will tell you which technological operations, and in what order should be done.
Table 2. Installation of a suspended facade.
| Steps, photo | A comment |
|---|---|
| Using geodetic instruments and a level, the installation points of the brackets are determined and markings are made. The first vertical row of the frame should be located at a distance of 10 cm from the corner. The step between the two belts depends on the configuration of the cladding elements, but on average it is 60 cm. |
| After marking is completed, begin drilling holes for installing dowels. When a ventilated facade is mounted on brick walls, it is very important to drill so that the attachment points do not coincide with the masonry seams. From the dowel to the horizontal seam (spoon) there should be at least 2.5 cm, and to the vertical (butt) seam - 6 cm. On a note! When facing facades from hollow bricks or blocks, special expansion fasteners or chemical anchors must be used. |
| To obtain high-quality fasteners, it is very important to clean the holes from dust. All means are good for this. Builders have special devices; at home you can use a special attachment on a vacuum cleaner. |
| A dowel is driven into the cleaned hole, into which an anchor bolt will be installed a little later. |
| To avoid the formation of cold bridges, shock-absorbing and heat-insulating layers in the form of paronite gaskets are installed at the junctions of the brackets. |
| The bracket is hung and secured with an anchor, which is first driven in with a hammer... |
| ... and then tightens it with a screwdriver. If you intend to do double insulation, an additional component is immediately mounted on the support brackets, which will provide the required reach. |
| Now you can begin installing the thermal insulation. The plates are placed on brackets, for which slots are made in them corresponding to the shape and location. |
| The plate is placed in its regular place, after which a pressure washer is put on top of the protruding part of the bracket. |
| The insulation is installed from bottom to top, with seams spaced in the same way brickwork. It is very important that there are no through seams more than 2 mm wide between the thermal insulation elements. |
| You can ensure the necessary shift of the seams by starting one row with the installation of a whole slab, and the next - with a half. They are easy to cut with a knife and should not be broken or torn. Note! At the corners of the building, serrated dressing of the seams should be observed, when the end of one slab overlaps the end of another. |
| Now the plates need to be secured mechanically, for which holes are drilled again - this time for mushroom dowels. |
| Typically, a slab measuring 1.2 * 0.6 m is attached at five points - in the corners, at a distance of 5 cm from the seams, and in the center. The half is secured with four dowels. |
| If it is intended to install a double layer of insulation, the slabs are taken of different densities. Less dense ones go to the first layer, and they are fastened not with five, but with only two dowels - diagonally. The slabs of the top layer will be more dense and are fixed, as expected, in five places. |
| This system involves the installation of skids - connecting element U-shaped configuration, and the bracket itself in this case has this shape. There are two holes diagonally on the back of the profile for fastening the posts with rivets. Note! In systems from different manufacturers, this node may look slightly different. |
| The next stage is the installation of supporting guides, which most often also have the letter “P” in cross-section. This profile is attached to the bracket on the sides behind the shelves and through the back. Note! There are, of course, stainless steel systems, but they are very expensive. Most often, galvanized steel is used to make profiles. It itself is not afraid of corrosion, but during installation it is necessary to cut elements and drill them for rivets, as a result of which protective covering is violated. Private traders do not pay attention to such “little things”, but professionals immediately cover the cut areas with paint. |
| When joining profiles at the ends, a gap must be maintained to compensate for the linear expansion of the metal, which is at least 8 mm. |
| In accordance with the format of the facing modules, fastening elements - clamps - are installed in the right places. They may look different, depending on the cladding option. |
| The last stage is hanging decorative material. There is a gap of about 10 cm between it and the insulation. You can’t do more, because with strong wind pressure such a facade will hum strongly. If it is less, the moisture simply will not have time to be completely removed, and the insulation may rot. |
If you noticed, our instructions skipped the installation step of the diffusion membrane. And that's why.
The membrane is not mandatory element cake, its presence or absence depends only on the properties of the insulation. In this case, hydrophobized mineral wool was used for insulation - a basalt-based material impregnated with a water-repellent composition. Such cotton wool is not afraid of moisture, but at the same time it perfectly passes steam through itself, allowing it to freely penetrate into the ventilation gap.
Prices for composite panels
Composite panels
Conclusion
Curtain façade systems are by far the most the best solution, helping to reduce construction costs by reducing the thickness of the walls. At the same time, the load on the foundation is also reduced, and this, again, is savings. But the most important thing is high level aesthetics modern coatings, which retain their original appearance even after decades. That is why this option facade arrangement, especially considering the difficult climatic conditions in most of the territories of our country, is unlikely to ever lose its relevance.
If you choose a finish for the facade solely for reasons of practicality, you should pay attention to corrugated sheeting. Strong, durable, not too expensive, this material is widely used in private construction. Read more about it in a special article.
Video - How a ventilated facade works
Video - Ventilated facade: installation of insulation and cladding subsystem
There is an opinion among people that curtained facades with ventilation are a modern technology that has been used relatively recently. But facts are stubborn things, and they testify not only to its age, but also to its antiquity. The fact is that curtain facades with a ventilated air layer appeared back in the days ancient egypt. On the territory of Ukraine, this technology first appeared during the times of Kievan Rus, and was used in the construction of temples. In Europe, curtain facades appeared only at the beginning of the 20th century. And only in the 90s ventilated facades returned to Kyiv.
Design features of curtain facades
Modern hinged ventilated facades very diverse, they decorate cottages, private houses, shopping and office buildings. Everyone can choose the finishing material and insulation that they like. Securely attached to the load-bearing wall, they perform a protective function, thereby extending the life of the building. And, of course, the curtained facade makes our home elegant.
Advantages
When installed correctly, a ventilated facade has the effect of a thermos - it retains heat in winter and coolness in summer. This happens due to the fact that air circulates between the wall and the cladding, preventing the formation of condensation and removing moisture. The air gap ultimately allows you to save on heating and air conditioning at home.
And these are not all the advantages of curtain facades. Another advantage of this technology is that it does not restrict the flight of fancy in the design of a building. You can use the most daring architectural solutions. The choice of material and the palette of components used can turn the head of even the most demanding esthete.
The aluminum profile used for installation is lightweight and durable, as well as not subject to corrosion. This provides long term operation and allows the load-bearing wall to withstand a fairly large weight of facing materials.
The use of this technology allows you to hide unevenness, cracks and other wall defects. It is easy to keep the façade clean. Overall, it is very easy to maintain and maintain.
Another important point– when installing a curtain wall, they are used soundproofing materials, which makes life much easier even in the busiest areas.
Installation of ventilated facades
Installation of a curtain facade It begins with attaching the structure to the wall with aluminum brackets. An aluminum guide profile is attached to the brackets. The profile must be installed so that an air gap is formed between the heat-insulating layer and the facing material.
It is more advisable to use mineral wool as insulation. It is optimal for these purposes, as it allows steam to pass through and does not accumulate moisture. For example, using glass wool that seems to be similar in structure will only lead to the accumulation of dampness - the insulation will lose its shape, become compacted, or even completely settle and block the free circulation of air.
For insulation, mineral wool in the form of slabs is used. Special holes are cut in them for the moving parts of the bracket. In addition to the bracket, the slabs are secured using umbrella dowels, screwed into special holes in the wall made with a hammer drill.
When laying insulation boards, you should try to lay them as tightly as possible to each other. The mineral wool also needs to be covered with a waterproofing film, which is laid between the insulation boards and the walls of the building.
You can start attaching facing materials only after you have thoroughly mastered the technology for installing hinged ventilated facades. A large number of materials are used for cladding, varying in both price and structure.
Main facing materials:
Porcelain stoneware is pressed and fired clay. Durable and moisture-resistant material, retains its original color for a long time. Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware – great choice for a reasonable price.
Natural stone (usually granite) is very attractive in appearance and moisture resistant. We can say that its service life is practically unlimited, enough for you and your grandchildren. For example, a granite facade, according to experts, will last at least 500 years. The only negative is the high cost.
Composite panels are sheets of aluminum with a layer of polyethylene. Easy to install, moisture resistant. A ventilated façade made of composite aluminum panels will serve you for at least 50 years.
Glass panels - you can easily print or apply any design on them. A ventilated facade made of glass panels is perfect solution for people with imagination, there is a non-standard creativity to building design. Their service life is approximately 50 years.
Fiber cement is durable, fireproof and environmentally friendly pure material. It is made from reinforcing fibers, cement and mineral fillers. Fiber cement is resistant to moisture and rot.
Siding panels. Siding for ventilated facades can be wood, vinyl, metal or simply galvanized. The most popular are vinyl and galvanized metal materials. Panels of such siding are reliable, durable, lightweight, and, importantly, affordable.
Metal cassettes - made from galvanized metal sheets which are coated with polymer. The basis of this material is a cold-rolled sheet coated on both sides with primed zinc, which protects against corrosion. A ventilated curtain façade made of metal cassettes will be appropriate in any climate zone.
The price of installing ventilated facades depends primarily on the cost of the selected cladding material, and, of course, on the size and height of the building. More accurate prices can be found in the “price” section.
Installation of ventilated facades should be carried out only by qualified specialists. This work is often simply impossible to complete without resorting to the services of industrial climbers. The TeploComfort company has qualified specialists who can install a ventilated curtain facade in the shortest possible time at a reasonable price.
Hinged ventilated facade systems Although this is not a cheap step to improve the exterior of a building and its thermal insulation, the positive effect of the work done will last for a very long time.
Ventilated facades, installation of curtain facade systems
Ventilated facade, installation and insulation of suspended facades made of porcelain stoneware for houses, cottages in Kyiv and the region. Call: 068-991-48-77
INVF system
Ventilated facade– the most popular NVF system in construction. Such a system increases the heat and noise insulation of buildings, also increases aesthetic indicators, and lasts for decades. Every structure can collapse over time; due to temperature changes, cracks form and water gets into them. To protect the building from damage, a special layer is created that protects the structure from all mechanical and natural influences.
Hinged ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware
The variety of technologies today allows you to choose optimal solution for a specific object. However, when it comes to quality and savings, the best comprehensive solution is a suspended ventilated façade (NVF device). This design includes:
- ✔ Facing. These are tile and sheet building materials that, in addition to aesthetics, also serve as a protective screen.
- ✔ Air gap between thermal insulation and cladding.
- ✔ Thermal insulation to insulate the structure.
- ✔ Sub-cladding frame.
Ventilated facade: installation and advantages
Why is a ventilated façade (VF) needed and what are its advantages? Let’s look at it in more detail:
- ✔ New look for an old building at minimal cost.
- ✔ High rate performance characteristics(noise insulation, thermal insulation).
- ✔ Practicality. For the original appearance, it is enough to wash the surface.
- ✔ Protection from atmospheric and mechanical damage.
- ✔ Surface layer reflects Sun rays and protects the building from overheating.
If we evaluate a ventilated façade for a cottage professionally, then it is complex design, which must be entrusted to be installed by specialists using precise technology. In order to avoid future repairs and mistakes, it is important to immediately find experienced professionals who will install ventilated facades.
Installation of curtain facades– this is a tangible saving in construction, lightening the building, and the implementation of complex architectural tasks. As a result, all the requirements of modern technologies are met. A ventilated facade, the price of which is optimal from the construction company TM BUD, is practical solution diverse structures.
Ventilated façade: functionality and technology
Each building requires a responsible approach and correct calculations. Therefore, in the process of work it is necessary to adhere to a specific plan:
- ✔ Preparatory process. Mandatory marking of hazardous areas where equipment cannot be placed. Preparation of construction equipment.
- ✔ Use of mesh for brackets. Geodetic equipment is used for marking.
- ✔ Installation of brackets. For this purpose, anchors are used that are resistant to oxidation and corrosion.
- ✔ Installation of insulation and membrane with water protection from wind and moisture.
- ✔ Guides are installed, leaving wide gaps so that the insulation does not stick to the facing material. This way, the structure itself will not collapse due to the increase in mass.
- ✔ Installation of panels and frame.
Ventilated façade design process
It is best when the design of ventilated facades is carried out by a company that has extensive experience in this industry. Installation technology, material options and other details are well known to the performers, and therefore the entire work process is carried out quickly and efficiently. The company TM BUD offers big choice façade design and document preparation services, especially ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware. Professionals will be happy to help solve any construction problem, select the appropriate ventilation façade and materials, draw up a plan and draw up documents.
The design is aimed at solving the following problems:
- ✔ Design approval;
- ✔ Quality control;
- ✔ Receipt necessary documents and agreement with government agencies and fire service;
- ✔ Control over the number of elements according to the specification;
What are the advantages of hinged ventilated facade systems?
Firstly, these systems can be installed at any time of the year. There is nothing to dry here, so installation can be carried out in snow and rain.
Secondly, ventilated facades have a wide choice of cladding - from cheap porcelain stoneware to natural stone and composite building materials.
To create a truly high-quality ventilated facade, technology and installation design must take into account the following points:
- 1. Plan of load-bearing walls where the ventilated facade is installed. Construction with communications, general condition of the foundation. Shooting from above, any deviations, test work structural strength, defects.
- 2. Drawing of the curtain wall, individual design details, texture and color of materials, operating features.
The technology of production and design of curtain facades makes it possible to solve various design and technical problems. Our construction company, which is ready to carry out any construction ideas with the highest quality and efficiency, can easily cope with this task.
Ventilated facades price, design and installation of ventilated facades in Kyiv, Ukraine, TM Bud
Installation and design of ventilated facades Kyiv, Ukraine. Affordable prices for systems of suspended facades (NVF), ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware. ✈ Delivery throughout Kyiv and throughout Ukraine
Installation of a suspended ventilated facade and typical mistakes
Basic design of a suspended ventilated facade
A well-designed curtain ventilated façade will protect the walls for many decades. But often installers, in an effort to reduce the cost of this complex and therefore quite expensive system, replace some materials with others and deliberately violate the rules.
This article will discuss what such false savings can result in and how to avoid mistakes when installing a suspended ventilated façade.
When cladding the building, OLMA ST AL 2 composite panels were used
When cladding the building, OLMA ST AL 1 composite panels were used
Finishing buildings using suspended ventilated facades is becoming increasingly popular, both in private housing construction and in the construction of commercial buildings. This system is a kind of “coat” for the home.
Basalt insulation, protected by a special wind- and moisture-proof membrane, is attached directly to the walls. Facing slabs (this can be porcelain stoneware, natural or agglomerated stone, metal cassettes, cassettes made of composite materials, fiber cement panels, steel or aluminum structures, etc.) are mounted on a supporting frame with some clearance. Its value (in the range from 20 to 40 mm) is determined in each specific case to ensure optimal air exchange.
The thickness of the insulation is selected based on the requirements for thermal protection of buildings. When these conditions are met, the dew point moves from load-bearing structure into the insulation.
Dew point shift in the absence and presence of external insulation
Advantages and disadvantages of using a suspended ventilated facade
What is the advantage of such a seemingly complex, and therefore expensive, façade finishing system? First of all, this design does not allow condensation to accumulate either on the surface of the wall or inside it. The air gap is a kind of temperature buffer, thanks to which the facades do not freeze in winter and do not overheat in summer, and this helps to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs. Snow, rain, hail and other realities of our difficult climate do not violate the integrity of the cladding, which, by the way, cannot be said about the most common finishing material - plaster. A properly installed curtain wall will last more than 50 years.
The system of curtain facades makes it possible to finish buildings quite complex shapes. Any design fantasies can be realized in wall-mounted cladding. But some elements are too labor-intensive.
And yet, despite the obvious advantages, ventilated facades have not yet become widespread in suburban construction. Many are put off by the seeming high cost. Yes, 1 m² of such cladding will cost at least 2000 rubles, and if you use a natural stone, the price can reach 6,000 rubles. and even more. But it is important to consider that operation will not cost anything. As practice shows, after 5-10 years a curtain wall completely pays for itself.
Of course, a curtain wall system will only work if it is well designed and installed to a high standard. Theoretically, a ventilated façade system should be included in the house design so that there is time to calculate the load-bearing structure and order facing slabs. But in practice this does not always happen. Often it is necessary to “dress” an already rebuilt building with curtain finishing. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the material of the walls. Support brackets for metal sheathing They hold up best in concrete and solid brick. Things are a little worse with hollow bricks. And here cellular concrete will require the selection of special and, as a rule, expensive fasteners. For finishing walls made of loose, porous materials, it is more advisable to choose a system of “wet” facades (plastering or tiling).
To minimize the work of cutting slabs, when designing a façade system, it is important to accurately calculate the size of the module (cell). It is by no means equal to the size of the panel itself. It is necessary to take into account gaps with a width of 5 to 10 mm (depending on the type of cladding).
We also note that small-sized facing tiles (300 x 300 or 400 x 400 mm) are not economically viable - their installation will require too many fasteners. And such a wall does not look very good - the facade of the house will resemble a checkered page of a school notebook. A tile of 600 x 600 mm is considered optimal, but it is important to consider that this is an average size. The actual spread among different manufacturers is from 595 x 595 to 610 x 610 mm. Having given preference to one or another collection, you should find out its exact parameters.
Design of a suspended ventilated facade
1. Brick wall; 2. Bracket (sheathing fasteners); 3. Thermal insulating gasket; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Main horizontal profile; 6. Main vertical profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klyammer private; 9. Starting clamp; 10. Thermal insulation material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Thermal insulation fasteners (plastic disc-shaped dowel); 13. Facing tiles; 14. Blind rivet.
Ventilated facade fastening systems
The choice of fasteners requires detailed consideration. As you know, there are two fastening systems - hidden and open.
The first option is metal clamps covering the plate from above and below. The second is anchor bolts that are inserted into blind holes drilled in the slab and open there like the petals of a flower.
Hidden fastening system
Open fastening system
Usage hidden system fastening is not always justified: for example, in areas of the facade that bear a high aesthetic load. And the point is not only that this fastener costs twice as much as the visible one. If a tile fixed in this way is damaged, the entire vertical row will have to be dismantled for repairs. Replacing a cladding unit installed openly is much easier.
Clamps painted to match the color of the tiles are almost invisible on the facade
Insulation for suspended ventilated facades
The next important issue is the choice of thermal insulation. Only insulation that has a technical certificate from the State Committee for Construction of Russia, which allows its use in ventilated systems, can be placed under the suspended cladding. Mineral wool is considered optimal in all respects. The use of non-profile materials (for example, glass wool) will cause the insulation to become saturated with moisture, become heavier and settle, reducing or even closing the air gap.
To protect the thermal insulation material, only a special vapor barrier membrane can be used
If you try to protect the thermal insulation with polyethylene or foil (that is, materials that do not allow steam to pass through), this will not only not solve the problem, but will also disrupt the operation of the ventilated façade, which, as is known, must “breathe.” The insulation can only be covered with a special one-sided vapor barrier membrane: it will allow moisture released by the walls to pass out, but not allow atmospheric moisture to penetrate inside.
In addition to insulation, thermal breaks - gaskets installed between the brackets and the wall - play an important role in providing thermal protection. They must be made of materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient: polypropylene, polyamide, komatex, etc. The use of gaskets made of paronite is not allowed, since it does not have thermal insulation properties.
Sometimes installers use special seals that are designed to dampen vibrations and keep the cladding from moving laterally. But their use leads to a reduction in the service life of the system, since the seals have a short service life (about 10 years). Reducing vibration and eliminating lateral shift of cladding panels should be ensured by the design of fastening elements.
Installation of ventilated facades
Unfortunately, even the most competent design of a ventilated facade can be nullified by poor-quality installation. The most common mistake is violation of the geometry of the facade. The cladding must be smooth, even if the relief of the walls is far from ideal. In addition, the panels should not move relative to the vertical and horizontal axes.
As paradoxical as it may seem, a very common mistake is to install fasteners directly into the masonry joint of the wall elements.
Installation of a ventilated facade. The surface of the cladding must be perfectly flat, with precise adherence to the thickness of the seams.
Many builders sin by not complying with the standard seam thickness. When installed end-to-end, tiles begin to press on each other due to temperature deformations, crack and fall out. And in the absence of proper ventilation, the insulation gets wet, freezes and slides off the walls. Too much big gap between the facing panels will lead to excessive wetting of the thermal insulation by precipitation.
Particular attention should be paid to the design of window openings
Nowadays there are many types of curtain facades on the Russian market. Unfortunately, many domestic producers They follow a simple path, exactly copying foreign systems. Meanwhile, what works great in the mild climate of Germany or France may not withstand our long winters. The thickness of the insulation (and therefore the distance from the cladding to the wall of the building) in Russian weather conditions should be significantly greater than in Europe.
In addition, some companies, in an effort to reduce the cost of the system, often use questionable materials in the design, in particular galvanized steel, which is poorly protected from corrosion. The best metals for lathing ventilated facades are stainless steel and aluminum. But for fastening plates, especially heavy ones, only stainless steel is suitable. Aluminum staples do not have the necessary strength.
Installation of a suspended ventilated facade and typical mistakes
Fundamental design of a suspended ventilated façade A well-designed suspended ventilated façade will protect the walls for many decades
