Gogol’s characterization of officials in “The Inspector General” is given at the very beginning with the help folk proverb, which served as the epigraph to the comedy: “There is no point in blaming the mirror if your face is crooked.” This capacious image allows us to penetrate into the essence of the multiple “faces” of bureaucracy, as the force that filled the Russian space of the first half of the 19th century and enslaved it. The comedy was supposed to become a kind of “mirror” in which one could see all the nuances of social ugliness. As a true artist, Gogol understood that it was best to indicate the scale of this disaster not by directly condemning it, but by placing it in a context where it would always be accompanied by laughter.
All officials in the auditor are united by an immoderate passion for acquisition, and it does not matter what: money, power, undeserved respect. These are insignificant parts of “little thanks”, so small that they are not worth talking about. The craving of Russian society for traditional values gave rise to a situation where tradition was used to buy off conscience. Bribery, as ancient as the world, itself became a world whose laws should be inviolable. In such a world it is easy to deceive and be deceived, which makes honesty seem offensive. The bureaucracy in The Inspector General looks grotesque also because the absurdity of their life is filled with “pretension” and righteous anger: it does not forgive anything or anyone for the disrespectful attitude towards themselves, which should be almost internal to every Russian citizen.
The images of officials in the comedy “The Inspector General” are as funny as they are monstrous, because they are true and widespread in all spheres of the then public life. Mayor Skvoznik-Dmukhatsky, of course, is not stupid, like a gray gelding; he is well aware of the unsightly situation of the inhabitants of his city, the deplorable state of medicine and education. But deriving one’s own benefit prevails over everything for the mayor, and the arrival of the auditor was supposed to block the process of absorbing resources and patching up holes after that. Fear blinds the mayor so much that he mistakes Khlestakov’s cowardice and emptiness for the subtle deceit with which a passing person passes himself off as an inspector. Skvoznik-Dmukhatsky never experiences a feeling of not only guilt, but even awkwardness at the moments when he is “thanked,” because the ghost of supposedly God’s providence has long justified everything. No one dares to go against the divine will, except perhaps some Voltaireans. Among the venerable officials of the district city there should under no circumstances be such a shame. He's not there!
The absence of Voltairian shame also frees one from intelligence and education. Ignorance is so invincible that no amount of enlightenment can budge it, like that of a city judge who takes bribes with greyhound puppies for a future hunt. Several books that he read throughout his life “and-send-here-Lyapkin-Tyapkin”, of course, gained him the reputation of a freethinker, but added absolutely nothing to his meager consciousness. He is not only unable to do the job, but also bear responsibility for his judgments, which have long been, and perhaps from the very beginning of his career, abolished by his superiors with something like: “a lot of intelligence is worse than not having one at all.”
Among the officials of the city of N in The Inspector General, Strawberry is clearly visible, who with all zeal takes care of charitable institutions. He is a terrible weasel and knows how to speak to the hearts of those in power, which always ensures him brilliant success. The trustee considers flattery the most indispensable and unmistakable means of penetrating someone else's soul and uses it on the widest scale. He curries favor with both the mayor and Khlestakov, subtly capturing the nature of their pride and fear. The caretaker of the schools, Khlopov, is inferior in flattery to Strawberry; he does it not so skillfully, but with great success he submits complaints to the mayor about teachers who allegedly spread a free spirit among the growing youth, they are too offensively hot and educated. That’s why all the officials from “The Inspector General” are so representative, so brilliant in their stubbornness, because each of them is part of a bribery system that kills everything human, original and reasonable.
The images of officials in the comedy “The Inspector General” are complemented by such characters as Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, roguish gossips who are in an endless search for amazing news. They scurry through the whole comedy as pampers and buffoons, whom no one cares about, but they endure everything - for the opportunity to be the first to find out an interesting incident, no matter what it concerns. One of them always accompanies the mayor to Khlestakov, then showers himself with pleasantries in front of Anna Andreevna, or obsequiously stutters in front of the auditor. Ultimately, in all guises they do not change, demonstrating the lowest level of mental poverty and insignificance - a petty official who, due to his position, is affectionate, but if you put power in his hands, he will tear anyone to pieces. Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky themselves experience almost pleasure from the awe of power, for “fear still pervades you when you speak with a nobleman,” and this fear does not seem humiliating at all. It is perceived as a source of low pleasure.
And, finally, Khlestakov himself is an embodied clerical emptiness, who lost at cards and, due to circumstances, took on the role of an auditor. Khlestakov is subject to filling by his very nature, so it doesn’t matter to him who he will be in next moment, because the mayor’s intentions do not immediately reach his consciousness. He accepts admiration and generously gives everyone his attention as a person who does not need to be told about his irresistibility. His threats are funny and boyish, but this is precisely what arouses Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky’s suspicion, and then confidence - this newcomer is simply skillfully cunning, he is the auditor!
In these relations we see the end point of the absurdity of the bureaucratic world: fear of the powerful force paralyzes a person, makes substitution possible and gives prosperity to ignorance. Only cleansing laughter, the only positive character in Gogol’s comedy, can help you escape from this circle.
Work test
Exposing the vices of bureaucracy in the comedy “The Inspector General”.
Goals:
- develop text analysis skills, character characteristics, expressive reading skills; consolidate knowledge literary terms related to the dramatic type of literature, the ability to use them to develop the creative abilities of students.
Methodical techniques:
- Commented reading Characteristics Expressive reading Compiling a table Work in groups
Equipment:
Computer
Projector
SD "Russian Literature" Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius.
Epigraph:
A world-class work that reveals life modern man to the very depths.
...the good-natured swindlers from The Inspector General.
Vladimir Nabokov
"A collection city of the entire dark side"
During the classes
Organizing time .We continue to study creativity. In today's lesson we will look at what vices of bureaucracy Nikolai Vasilyevich exposes in his work “The Inspector General”. Let us remember what satire is, which Gogol mastered perfectly.
Examination homework .What was the homework assignment?
Let's check your homework
Teacher's word.
advised reading the play simply, but with a good understanding of the essence, the main line of its internal development. You and I will follow his advice, based on his statement that “ The best way To understand a play is to follow: how the conflict arises and develops in it, for what and between whom is the struggle being waged, which groups are fighting and in the name of what? What role does each character play in this struggle, what is his behavior?” therefore, we must not just read and comment on the play, but follow the development of the dramatic conflict. When characterizing the characters, you should pay attention to the comments of the author himself, to the telling names of the characters, their speech characteristics, as well as to off-stage characters.
A) expressive reading of 1 phenomenon of 1 action.
3. New topic.
Conversation.
Usually, when reading a work, we, the readers, pay attention to the time and place of action. What can be said about the time and place of action in a comedy?
The county town is remote from the centers. The mayor remarks: “Yes, even if you jump from here for three years, you won’t reach any state.” (1 action, 1 phenomenon)
Time period: 1831. This can be determined from the words of the judge. He says that he has been sitting as a judge for 15 years), and in the scene with Khlestakov he reports: “Since 816, he was elected to a three-year service at the will of the nobility and continued his position until this time” - (act 4, episode 3).
In the comedy “The Inspector General”, officials, city landowners, townspeople, police officers, merchants and serfs pass before readers and spectators... Gogol depicted a small county town typical of the first half of the 19th century with its characteristic features of life: the arbitrariness of local authorities, the lack of necessary control over order in the city, the ignorance of its inhabitants, dirt, disrepair.
B) consideration of the table “Officials of the county city”:
Official name | |||
Mayor: general administration, police, ensuring order in the city, improvement | Takes bribes, condones this with other officials, the city is not well-maintained, public money is embezzled | “Speaks neither loudly nor quietly; neither more nor less"; facial features are rough and hard; crudely developed inclinations of the soul. “Look, I have a keen ear!.. you’re taking things out of order!” Kuptsov “stopped starving him, he could even get into a noose.” In a silent scene: “Why are you laughing? You’re laughing at yourself!..” |
|
Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin | He is more involved in hunting than in legal proceedings. The assessor is always drunk. | "A man who has read five or six books"; takes bribes with greyhound puppies. “I’ve been sitting on the judge’s chair for fifteen years now, and when I look at the memorandum – ah! I’ll just wave my hand" |
|
Artemy Filippovich Strawberry | Trustee of charitable institutions | “Sick people get better like flies,” they feed them sour cabbage and don’t take expensive medicines | “A very fat, clumsy and clumsy man, but for all that a sly and a rogue”; “a perfect pig in a yarmulke”; offers to “slip” a bribe to the auditor; informs him about other officials. “A simple man: if he dies, he dies; if he recovers, he recovers anyway.” |
Luka Lukich Khlopov | Superintendent of Schools | Teachers 'do very strange things' | Frightened by frequent inspections and reprimands for unknown reasons, and therefore afraid like fire of all visits; “You are afraid of everything: everyone gets in the way, you want to show everyone that he too clever man». |
Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin | Postmaster | Things are in disarray, he reads other people’s letters, packages don’t arrive |
In "Notes for Gentlemen Actors" attention is not paid to all the characters. Why?
Why does Gogol characterize Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky together?
What technique did Gogol use to characterize the heroes? (irony and satire)
Let's look at the dictionary, what do we call irony? What is satire? Humor?
Humor, -a, m. 1. understanding of the comic, the ability to see and show a funny, condescending and mocking attitude towards something.
2. in art: a depiction of something in a funny, comic form.
3. mocking, playful speech.\\adjective humorous, oh, oh.
Irony - subtle, hidden mockery.
Satire, -y, w. 1. A work of art that sharply and mercilessly exposes the negative phenomena of reality.
2. Accusatory, flagellating ridicule
\\adjective satirical, - oh, oh. S. genre, S. style
Is “The Inspector General” a humorous, satirical, or ironic work? Why?
Getting acquainted with fragments from the film “Incognito from St. Petersburg”
5Phenomenon 1 action, 2 action 8 phenomenon
Conversation on textbook issues.
Which official is most concerned about the arrival of the auditor and why?
The mayor, because he has many sins. Many people were offended by him, he oppressed many.
How do officials address the mayor? Is it only the mayor’s position that sets him apart from others?
Obsequiously, because he is higher in rank and vindictive, he can take revenge.
Tell us about the order in the city and the orders that the mayor gave. How do you evaluate these orders?
Orders that are aimed at superficially hiding disorder. in fact, problems and disorders do not disappear anywhere.
Why has the Mayor gotten away with everything so far?
Because he is a swindler among swindlers, he has deceived three governors, he knows how to take advantage of his connections, where he will give a bribe.
How does Gogol convey the hypocritical goodwill of the Governor during a conversation with officials? Why does he talk to them this way?
Because he depends on them at the moment, he is afraid that they will tell everything to the auditor
What measures are officials trying to take before the auditor arrives?
(They talk about clean caps for the sick, and about tearing down the fence on the main square, and about sweeping the streets along which the inspector will pass, that is, all efforts are directed not at actually correcting the shortcomings and omissions with which the life of the city is full, but at a kind of varnishing reality).
For what purpose does the mayor decide to go to the hotel?
(Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky’s foresight and ingenuity more than once allowed him to safely survive various “difficult cases”2, and even receive gratitude at the same time. He acted deliberately and prudently: if an official-auditor hides his name and position, if he wants to remain incognito, then a ceremonial meeting would mean that he was recognized, and this is unlikely to please the St. Petersburg guest.
Appearing at the hotel, as a caring owner of the city, to find out whether “passing people are in trouble,” the mayor not only does not violate the auditor’s incognito status, but also appears before him under the most favorable circumstances - caring for the convenience and well-being of the townspeople and random travelers.
A visit to the hotel creates very convenient conditions for the mayor to find out about the visitor and get to know him without outside witnesses.)
Development of dramatic conflict
From the beginning of the comedy, fear becomes a full-fledged participant in the play, growing from action to action and finding its maximum expression in the silent scene. In the apt expression of Yu. Mann, “The Inspector General” is a whole sea of fear.”
Exercise
What reasons for fear does every official have? Find as many different kinds of manifestations of fear as possible in the characters’ remarks and in the author’s remarks.
Examples:
Mayor. Fathers, your hares are not dear to me now: the damned incognito sits in my head. You just wait for the door to open and walk away...
Bobchinsky. ...so he looked into our plate. I was filled with fear.
Luka Lukic. I must admit, I was brought up in such a way that if anyone of a higher rank spoke to me, I simply don’t have a soul, and my tongue is stuck in the mud.
Amos Fedorovich. Well, it's over - gone! Gone!
Mayor (approaching and shaking his whole body, trying to speak out). And va-va-va-va -... wa-.
Group work
Try to put yourself in the shoes of these heroes in this difficult situation. Comment on the behavior of the characters during the dialogue. Let's fill out the table. (action 2, phenomenon 8)
Gorodnichy Group
Remarks | Speeches to yourself | speaks out loud |
“The damned merchants told everything.” | “Sorry, it’s really not my fault.” |
|
“Stretched out and shaking with my whole body” | “Oh, thin thing!...” Well, thank God, I took the money | “Please don’t destroy me...” |
“you need to be braver...” | “They deigned to undertake a good deed” |
|
"With a face taking on an ironic expression" | Yes, tell me! – I didn’t know how to pay!...”; “To the Saratov province!...”; “Please look at what kind of bullets it casts...” | “Do I dare to ask you... but no, I’m not worthy...” |
Khlestakov Group
Remarks | Speeches to yourself | speaks out loud |
"Bows" | "My regards…" |
|
“At first he stutters a little, but by the end of the speech he speaks loudly” | But what can I do!...It’s not my fault...I’ll really pay... |
|
"cheerful" | ||
"In Thought" | I don’t know, however, why are you telling me about villains or about some non-commissioned officer’s wife |
Why doesn’t Khlestakov speak to himself? What does this mean?
This suggests that Khlestakov is not playing. He's actually afraid and doesn't really understand what's going on around him. He is a stupid, empty person.
Explain why the Mayor, who “has lived in the service for thirty years,” whom “not a single merchant or contractor could deceive,” who “deceived swindlers, swindlers and swindlers such that they were ready to rob the whole world, cheated at the bait,” who “deceived three governors,” was himself deceived about Khlestakov, who “simply didn’t look like half a finger” like an auditor?
With what intention did the officials gather at the mayor’s house the next day?
What details indicate that bribes are common among officials? (action 4, phenomenon 1)
- (Officials are seeking best shape presentations to the “auditor” and strive to find the best way to bribe the distinguished guest. They have no doubt that a bribe must be given, the only question is how best to slip it in and how much to give. The purpose of bribes is very practical: to protect, protect your department from audits and protect yourself. All officials join in the mayor’s active attempts to “neutralize” the auditor. Officials are convinced that it is necessary to “slip” a bribe to the auditor, as is done in a “well-ordered society,” that is, “between the four eyes... so that the ears don’t hear...”, says Artemy Filippovich (1st phenomenon, 4th action ).)
Re-read the 1st and 2nd phenomena of Act 5 and pay attention to the behavior of the mayor .
(The mayor’s behavior is reminiscent of Khlestakov’s behavior in moments of lying. He is in a state of complacency, calm, triumph. He perceives everything that happened as a “rich prize”, fully deserved by him, his efforts and efforts. Reveling in the new position of the father-in-law of a major St. Petersburg official, the mayor makes rosy plans future... He notifies the whole city that “he’s marrying off his daughter, not just to some common man, and for something that has never happened in the world, that can do everything, everything, everything, everything!”)
What aspects of character are revealed in the mayor in the scene with the merchants? (2nd phenomenon 5th action). What's funny about the situation?
(Rigidity, hatred towards people of the lower class. His speech speaks about this: “What, samovar makers, arshinniks, should complain? Archpluts, proto-beasts, sea swindlers! Complain? What? Did you take a lot? The mayor boasts of his nobility, and he himself participates in the plunder of the treasury along with the merchants, scolds worse than a cab driver, and throws out threats like a gendarme.)
“The arrival of the merchants,” writes Belinsky, “intensifies the excitement of the mayor’s rough passions: from animal joy he turns into animal malice... he recounts his blessings to Abdulina, that is, he recalls the cases where they robbed the treasury together...”
In the scene of the conversation between the mayor and the merchants, the wolf law of the world of swindlers is expressed.
What underlies relationships in the bureaucratic world?
(Contempt for inferiors and servility to higher officials is the basis of the Russian bureaucratic machine. This is legalized government system created and shaped the psychology of the official. How was it possible to talk about the true dignity of a person if rank meant everything!)
in his book “Gogol and the Theater” he wrote that Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, an experienced campaigner, “received from his father and from the world around him the following rule of faith and life: in life you need to be happy, and for this you need money and ranks, and for their acquisitions are bribery, embezzlement, sycophancy and obsequiousness before the authorities, nobility and wealth, and bestial rudeness before the lower ones.”
Lesson summary
Let us once again list what vices of bureaucracy he exposes in his comedy:
- bribery embezzlement sycophancy and obsequiousness before the authorities, nobility and wealth bestial rudeness before inferiors arbitrariness arbitrariness impunity fraud servility phantasmagoria
Consolidation
Test simulator No. 10 (SD)
Gorodnichy Group
Remarks | Speeches to yourself | speaks out loud |
Khlestakov Group
Remarks | Speeches to yourself | speaks out loud |
Characteristics of the heroes of the comedy “The Inspector General”
Official name | The area of city life that he leads | Information on the state of affairs in this area | Characteristics of the hero according to the text |
Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky | |||
Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin | |||
Artemy Filippovich Strawberry | |||
Luka Lukich Khlopov | |||
Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin |
Evils of bureaucracy
exposed in the comedy "The Inspector General"
· bribery
· embezzlement
· kowtowing and subservience to authorities, nobility and wealth
bestial rudeness in front of inferiors
· arbitrariness
· arbitrariness
impunity
· fraud
· servility
“The Inspector General” - comedy by N.V. Gogol. As the author himself wrote, he wanted to show and, at the same time, ridicule all the shortcomings of officialdom and the injustice that reigns in remote places in Russia. The comedy reveals all the “sins” of city officials who are trying to hide them from the auditor who is supposed to visit them. N.V. Gogol does not introduce a separate main character into his work; he draws the image of each official, describing the shortcomings of the political system.
Mayor appears before us as a man who is not stupid, but long years service accustomed to deceive and steal. The character himself admits that no one can deceive him, but he has dexterously deceived not a single governor. Anton Antonovich takes into his pocket the money that was allocated for the needs of the city. The mayor knows about all the “dark things” that are going on in the city. But he justifies this by saying that all people are sinners by nature. He conducts a preventative conversation with his subordinates so that before the arrival of the auditor, they hide all the shortcomings. He wants to curry favor with his superiors, but he doesn’t care about solving the city’s problems.
Other bosses are in no way inferior to the mayor. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin a scoundrel who tries to please his superiors in everything. He loves hunting and takes bribes with greyhound puppies. Regarding healthcare in the city, he says that even expensive medicines will not help a person who is destined to die, so there is no need to spend money from the city treasury on them.
Khlopov- superintendent of educational institutions. He is afraid various checks and constantly complains about how hard his service is.
Shpekin, who takes the place of the postmaster, opens letters to unknown recipients. He justifies this activity by saying that he wants to find out what interesting things are happening.
The entire city leadership is involved in bribery. They don't care about the lives of ordinary residents. They put themselves above them and run the city as they please. Officials do not look at the law or the needs of residents. When the news comes about the arrival of the auditor, the officials are not particularly worried; they try to outwardly cover up their misdeeds, but they understand that the problem can be solved through a bribe. This is not the first time the auditor visits the city and the authorities know how to behave and what to say in order to get away with it. After all, they serve in their ranks and rule the city for many years, and they get away with everything. Through bribery, lies, and naked flattery, they remain in their places even after various checks.
The leading people talk about their misdeeds and tell several stories from the life of the city. And thanks to this, a complete picture emerges of what is happening in the Russian provinces. The authorities rule the city without permission, take bribes, and often gossip and write denunciations. The rights of citizens are infringed, living conditions are terrible, and the administration turns a blind eye to this. The life of the districts and provinces is reflected in the play by N.V. Gogol. The author exposes all the features of the Russian system.
Essay Officials in “Dead Souls”
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is the author of the work Dead Souls. Throughout reading the entire work, it becomes clear that all landowners and noble people are connected with each other. Each of the landowners is primarily characterized by bribery, as well as the desire to make their own property on someone else’s grief.
There is no doubt about the professionalism of Nikolai Vasilyevich, since he simply masterfully reveals each landowner, exactly as they were in those days. All the disgustingness of each of them is described in such detail that each reader can find out in more detail what the landowners were like in those days, in the city in which all the actions took place, in the work Dead Souls.
The story shows the main problems that arose in Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century. Not only serfdom was a significant problem for the empire, but also the power that was granted to officials brought big problems, because simply huge sums from the state treasury were allocated for their maintenance. In the 19th century, people who had power first of all tried to enrich their fortune and did not even look at where this money came from, from the treasury or from the theft of ordinary people.
Many authors, including Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, wanted to reveal the topic of theft and cruel treatment of officials. All actions in the work take place in the city of N, this is how the city was named, in order not to reveal the real name, or in accordance with the motive that the city did not actually exist and was fictitious.
Reading the first lines of the work, one can understand that there is no exact description of the landowners and officials of the city. But, despite the lack of description, their way of life, as well as their characters, are very accurately shown by the author. Chichikov is the main character of the work, who has a desire to visit every noble person in the city, in order to win over all the people who have power towards him. As he visits each noble landowner, Chichikov begins to develop a trusting relationship with each of them.
In the world of landowners, there is always an unbounded pomp and at the same time pathos that relates to every person in the city who has great power. One example is a lavish dinner at the governor's, but the atmosphere and bright light were compatible only with the balls that are held in palaces.
The district town increasingly reminded the reader that all landowners are divided into two types. For example, the first type includes landowners who have everything of their own free time devoted themselves to entertainment and wooing young ladies, while trying to compliment them as romantically and tenderly as possible, at the same moment the latter, with great passion and desire, accepted the compliments they received. However, despite the large number of suitors in the city, no one could ever even think about challenging any person to a duel; it seemed strange and inhuman to them. They behaved the same way when it came to money; first of all, they tried to line their pockets and carry out some kind of scam with another person in order to get rich.
They did the same during lunch; they did not pay much attention to all those circumstances that were not interesting to them; on the contrary, they tried to discuss, for example, officials who were in other departments, important actions that they carried out in their service. In addition to everything, they discussed various writers, poets and talked about what kind of dinner would be served to them now.
Essay for 8th grade
Several interesting essays
- What does the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" teach us, 5th grade essay
What did this story teach me? The story The Prisoner of the Caucasus is based on real case, which happened to Colonel F.F. Tornau. The officer was captured during the war, which was written about by the Russky Vestnik magazine.
- Female images in Gogol's The Inspector General essay
Nikolai Gogol wrote a wonderful comedy in five acts, in which women play a minor role; they are no different from their husbands, but simply complement this picture of vulgarity
- Essay on the painting Blue Spring by Baksheeva 2nd, 3rd grade
Beautiful picture with beautiful name. Why is spring blue and not green? This is the color of green. Typically, spring is always associated with young greenery. I think it’s just that greenery doesn’t appear right away. But the sky is so blue only in spring.
- Analysis of the chapter Sofia from the work Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow by Radishchev
The chapter begins with words about silence. Beginning The narrative sets the reader up for reflection, which is interrupted conflict situation and negative emotions.
- Analysis of the work Turgenev's First Love
The work of I. S. Turgenev “First Love” is imbued with his own love experiences that the author once experienced. For him, love seems like a violent force in any of its manifestations
In “The Inspector General” I decided to put together everything bad in Russia that I knew then...
N.V.Gogol
Lesson objectives: analyze how the district town of Russia in the first half of the 19th century, its inhabitants and officials N.V. Gogol.
Visibility:
- Portrait of N.V. Gogol
- Portraits of the mayor, judge, superintendent of schools, postmaster.
- Presentation “District town in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General"
During the classes.
Vocabulary work.
Explain orally the meaning of the following words: drama, comedy, poster, monologue, dialogue, replica, charitable institution, superintendent of schools, public places, particular, roadside, privately, allocate, garrison, profit, elistrate, pentyukh, labardan, department, ekivok, Jacobin , courier, wait, amber, silkworm, incognito.
Teacher's word.
The topic of our lesson is “County town in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". Now watch the presentation “County town in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". (See attachment)
Complete the description of the city with examples from the text.
This is such a gloomy picture of the city. Let's summarize what has been said and write down in a table what this town is like. (The table is filled out during the lesson.)
How do people live in the county town?
Which residents did the writer show in the play?
Checking homework.
Students were given individual homework. Extract quotes from the text that characterize the lives of citizens and city officials. Write quotes on scrapbook paper and hang the paper on the board while talking about the characters.
| Sick “make sure everything is decent: the caps are clean, and the sick don’t look like blacksmiths”, “they smoke such strong tobacco that you always sneeze when you walk in”, “a simple man: if he dies, he dies; if he recovers, he will recover anyway,” Dr. Gibner “doesn’t know a word of Russian” |
Soldiers “don’t let the soldiers go without everything: this crappy garnish will only put on a uniform over the shirt, and nothing underneath” |
Merchants “We’re completely tired of standing here, even if we get into a noose” “we always follow the order: what should be worn on the dresses of his wife and daughter.” The merchants complain about the mayor, although together with him they steal the city treasury. |
Locksmith Fevronya Poshlepkina “I ordered my husband to shave his forehead as a soldier... According to the law it is impossible: he is married” |
Non-commissioned officer “Whipped” “I couldn’t sit for two days” |
We draw a conclusion about the situation of the residents of the county town and record it in the table.
Conclusion: city residents have no rights before officials; they can solve their affairs only with the help of bribes to officials. There is no concern on the part of the authorities, they don’t care “if he dies, he dies; If he gets well, he’ll get well.” Even merchants have a hard life, let alone the poor people.
Question to the class: “Who lives well in the city?”
Student reports about officials. The guys make entries in the table, adding to the column about the county town and the column about officials. (Student posts edited by teacher.)
For example, about Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, city governor “The mayor, already old in the service and a very intelligent person in his own way. Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably; quite serious... His facial features are rough and hard, like those of anyone who began his service from the lower ranks. The transition from fear to joy, from baseness to arrogance is quite rapid, like in a person with roughly developed inclinations of the soul.” Before us is an experienced man with his life experience, grip. He is proud of the fact that he used to “deceive swindlers upon swindlers, swindlers and rogues such that they were ready to rob the whole world.” He, like other officials, has his share of sins. He knows about bribes from his subordinates and says: “You are not taking according to your rank.” He himself does not disdain anything: neither cloth, nor wax, nor prunes “that have been lying in a barrel for seven years.” Over the years of service, the mayor learned to cheat masterfully. “And who helped you (the merchant) cheat when you built a bridge and painted wood worth twenty thousand, when there wasn’t even one worth a hundred rubles?” He embezzled the money allocated for the church, and reported to his superiors that the church had burned down. His orders are superficial, in order to again deceive the auditor. “The more it breaks, the more it means the activity of the city governor.”
Artemy Filippovich Strawberry- trustee of charitable institutions. He, speaking modern language, responsible for hospitals, shelters. Funds are stolen, he himself admits: “They ordered to give habersup to the sick, but I have such cabbage running through all the corridors that you just have to take care of your nose.” “We don’t use expensive medicines.” His phrase that his patients “are all getting better like flies,” a doctor named Gibner characterizes the state of affairs in the hospital. During Khlestakov’s “audience,” Artemy Filippovich gossips, talking about the affairs and personal lives of officials, and is ready to write a denunciation against everyone. “Would you like me to put it all down on paper?”
Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin- judge. The mayor calls him a smart man because he has read five or six books. The mayor’s remarks about the public places: “In your front hall, where petitioners usually come, the guards have kept domestic geese with little goslings that are scurrying around under your feet.” “You have all sorts of rubbish being dried in your very presence, and right next to the cupboard with papers there is a hunting rag... He (the assessor) smells as if he had just come out of a distillery.” Confession of Ammos Fedorovich “I tell everyone openly that I take bribes, but with what bribes? Greyhound puppies” suggests that a bribe is the norm for city officials, only everyone takes what they need. The judge doesn’t understand anything about his work: “I’ve been sitting on the judge’s chair for fifteen years, but when I look at the memorandum - ah! I’ll just wave my hand. Solomon himself will not decide what is true and what is not true in it.”
Khlopov Luka Lukich- superintendent of schools. The most dangerous position, because learning has never been valued in Russia. “God forbid you serve in the academic field, you are afraid of everything. Everyone gets in the way, everyone wants to show that he is also an intelligent person.” Khlopov was reprimanded for educational institution“freedom-loving thoughts are instilled in the youth,” and it was one of the teachers who “made faces” while explaining the material, and another who broke chairs.
Shpekin Ivan Kuzmich- postmaster. The postmaster does not even hide the fact that he opens and reads letters, he does not see this as a crime. He does this “out of curiosity: I love death to find out what’s new in the world. Let me tell you, this is a very interesting read. You will read another letter with pleasure...” He keeps interesting letters for himself. This is not only a pleasant pastime, it is also the fulfillment of the instructions of the mayor, who advises reading the letters. “Listen, Ivan Kuzmich, could you, for our common benefit, print out every letter that arrives at your post office, incoming and outgoing, you know, a little bit and read it: does it contain some kind of report or just correspondence... “He intercepted Khlestakov’s letter to his friend Tryapichkin.
Policemen. In the fourth scene of the first act, we learn that policeman Prokhorov is dead drunk and sleeping at the station. The playbill gives the names of three police officers: Derzhimorda, Svistunov, Pugovitsyn. The very names themselves tell how they restore order in the city. The mayor gives orders regarding Pugovitsyn: “Quarterly Pugovitsyn...he is tall, so let him stand on the bridge for improvement.” Regarding Derzhimorda, he remarks to the private bailiff: “Yes, tell Derzhimorda not to give too much free rein to his fists; For the sake of order, he puts lights under everyone’s eyes: both the right and the wrong.” Next, Derzhimorda stands at the door of the “auditor” Khlestakov and does not let the townspeople in to see him. The town's police are completely subordinate to the mayor and, it seems, act not according to the laws of the state, but at the whim of the main official of the city.
A summary of what has been said about officials.
Name the traits characteristic of officials. Fill in the column of the table about officials.
Can the images of comedy heroes be considered as an accurate reproduction of the characters of people who actually lived?
What role did fiction play in the depiction of the characters in the play?
City officials are “experienced” people, that is, they can easily fool anyone, but why are they so afraid of the auditor?
Why did officials mistake Khlestakov for an auditor?
Nicholas 1 said after the first performance of The Inspector General: “What a play! Everyone got it, and I got it more than anyone else!” In Perm, the police demanded that the performance be stopped, and the mayor in Rostov-on-Don threatened to throw the actors in prison. Gogol wrote about the production of the comedy: “The action produced by it was large and noisy. Everything is against me. Elderly and respectable officials shout that nothing is sacred to me when I dared to speak like that about serving people. The police are against me, the merchants are against me...” Why were the king, officials and merchants so afraid and indignant?
Do you think the play is relevant today?
Homework.
Write a summary at home with elements of the essay “District town in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". At the conclusion of the presentation, answer the question: “How do you understand the epigraph to the play?”
Lesson summary.
Pay attention to the epigraph to the lesson. For what purpose did the writer show “everything bad in Russia” in the comedy?
Officials of the county town in the comedy N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" is the heroes of provincial Russia, satirically depicted by the author.
These people are typical of their time and at the same time individual. What connects them? Fear of an “incognito” auditor. They all have “sins” - they take bribes, embezzle government money, care not about the service, but about their own well-being. The mayor helps the merchants deceive the treasury: “And who helped you cheat when you built a bridge and painted wood worth twenty thousand, while there wasn’t even one worth a hundred rubles?” He takes bribes from merchants and parents of recruits, and extorts expensive gifts. At the same time, there is “dirt, uncleanliness” in the city. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin sat on the judge's chair for fifteen years, but in his papers “Solomon himself will not decide” what is true and what is not true in them. The judge takes bribes like greyhound puppies, assuring that “this is a completely different matter.” The trustee of charitable institutions, Strawberry, makes money off the sick without giving them any medicine, so he gets them “healed like flies.” Postmaster Shnekin opens other people's letters and, out of curiosity, keeps them for himself. The superintendent of schools, Luka Lukich, is scared to death that he might be accused of freethinking.
Each hero is a comic individual, but they are all united by greed and envy of others' success. By giving bribes to the imaginary auditor, they believe that he is a cunning and intelligent person, because he is asking for a “loan” under a plausible pretext, and this is not a crime. Strawberry also manages to denounce his colleagues, promising to put everything on paper. They noisily congratulate the Governor on his success, privately envying him. And then they gloat when reading Khlestakov’s letter: everyone is pleased to humiliate another, but no one wants to read about themselves. Their wives are just as petty and envious, dreaming of balls and dresses. Everyone is ready to quarrel when it turns out that Khlestakov is not an auditor, but fear at the news that a real auditor is demanding them to join him unites everyone again.
The human shortcomings depicted by Gogol in the characters of his heroes are not a passing phenomenon, therefore moral problems comedies are still relevant today.
(Option 2)
Images of officials in the comedy by N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" is a gallery of typical characters of provincial Russia.
In the county town, they personify power and strength, the highest circle of local society. They are all individual. Thus, the Mayor rightfully served his position for thirty years. He is distinguished by his cunning and ability to maintain his material interests everywhere. Anton Antonovich is proud that he can deceive anyone: “He has deceived swindlers, swindlers and rogues such that they are ready to rob the whole world...” With his superiors he is obsequious and respectful, with his inferiors he is rude and unceremonious. If merchants can be dragged by their beards, then he curries favor with Khlestakov and enthusiastically describes to him how he does not sleep at night, caring for the well-being of the city. He assures that he does not need honors, but he is lying. In fact, he is ambitious and dreams of serving in the capital, of the rank of general. And imagining that he will soon have this, he despises those below him even more, demanding new offerings from them.
Other officials are just as selfish and ambitious. Openly neglecting his service, Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin is passionate only about hunting and even takes bribes with “greyhound puppies.” Gogol says about him that he has read five or six books “and therefore is somewhat free-thinking,” and Strawberry describes the judge as follows: “Every word you say, Cicero rolled off your tongue.” But from fear of the auditor, even the judge becomes timid and tongue-tied. Luka Lukich, superintendent of schools, is even more cowardly: “God forbid you serve in the academic department! You are afraid of everything: everyone gets in the way, you want to show everyone that he is also an intelligent person.” The charge of freethinking threatened with hard labor, and any reason for such an accusation could be filed - if the teacher, for example, makes some kind of grimace. The postmaster is curious and opens other people's letters, and keeps the ones he likes for himself. But the lowest and most dishonest of the officials is Strawberry, the trustee of charitable institutions. He steals, like all of them, his patients do not receive any medicine and “get well like flies.” He tries in every possible way to emphasize his services to Khlestakov. He is just as envious as everyone else. But he not only curries favor with the auditor, but is also ready to write a denunciation against all his friends, accusing them of neglect of business, immorality and even freethinking: “For the benefit of the fatherland, I must do this, although he is my relative and friend.”
The officials of the Gogol district town are deceitful and vile, selfish and immoral. They please those above them and despise those below them, despise those whose labors contribute to their well-being. This is the author’s satirical reflection of modern reality.
