Rules for writing adverbs in Russian. Integrated and separate writing of prefixes in adverbs: rules, examples

Adverb - independent part speech that does not change its form. Specifies a sign of an object, another sign or action.

Spelling is a difficult topic to master, and not everyone finds it easy. In this article we will learn the rules interpreting continuous, hyphen and separate writing adverb. Let's understand the theory, get acquainted with examples and perform exercises that will help consolidate the material.

Continuous, separate and hyphenated writing of adverbs: rule

A small number of adverbs does not cause difficulties when writing. Many of them are formed by means of substantivized adverbs and retain their form during transition. However, most are controversial among scholars over their correct spelling.

If simple adverbs, for example, scary or Mainly cloudy do not raise questions about how to write them correctly, then the words in our opinion, towards may cause difficulties.

Continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs is regulated by the rules of the modern Russian language and depends on the method of their formation. In order not to make mistakes, we will consider the theory and work it out with the help of exercises. Let's start with the paragraphs that talk about fused and hyphenated spelling adverb.

What adverbs are written in one word?

The rules for writing adverbs together are not so difficult to master due to the fact that there are few such cases. Let's look at each of them:

1. An adverb is written into one word if it is formed by attaching a preposition to the base (that is, in a prefix way). For example: for nothing - for nothing,” hardly - hardly, through and through.

The writing of such adverbs should not be confused with the composition of a preposition and an unchangeable part of speech: with a bang, with a bang, at random.

2. Words that originate by adding prepositions are written without division in, on Let's look at examples: three, five, four, two.

3. Adverbs formed by combining a preposition and an adjective in short or full form are also written together. Let's look at some examples: completely, dryly, in vain, manually, in vain. This category also includes adverbs that we create using a preposition and a pronoun: draw, with might and main, therefore, why.

It must be remembered that in cases where a preposition is followed by a vowel, the spelling will be separate, as here: openly.

Adverbs formed from a noun with a preposition

The rules for writing adverbs formed by combining a noun and a preposition are quite extensive. In order to better understand them, we display them in a separate paragraph.

Adverbs formed by combining a noun and a preposition are written together. For example, let's take the words: involuntarily, forward, upright, squatting.

All words that fit this rule can be divided into several groups:

Adverbs based on nouns that are not included in the active stock of the modern Russian language. This group includes: from within, backhand, in the afternoon, in defiance, sleepily, at random, on the sly, from hand to mouth, familiar.
Words that have a circumstantial meaning if it is impossible to insert a question word between the preposition and the stem or insert a defining adjective, pronoun, or adverb. Let's look at examples: right through, ostentatiously, too much, too tight, by heart, halfway, wide open, right up, sideways.
Words that specify a place or time. The rule works if the adverb includes nouns: top, bottom, back, beginning, century, distance, height. Let's look at some examples: up, above, from afar, forever, down.

Difficulties in writing adverbs derived from nouns with a preposition

The rules for writing adverbs derived from the duet of a noun and a preposition include a number difficult moments. Not every pair of preposition and noun that has adverbial meaning is written together.

Writing two words works in the following cases:

Between the combination of a preposition and a noun, you can add an independent word with a defining meaning: on the move (at full speed).
In cases where we see a consonant at the end of a preposition, and a vowel at the beginning of the stem, the spelling is separate. Let's look at examples: downhill, in retaliation, point-blank, in an armful.
If a noun with an adverbial meaning in combination with a specific preposition retains the case form, the spelling will be separate. Examples: on all fours, on his heels, with a mockery, under a bushel.
A number of nouns with a preposition that have a meaning similar to adverbs are written separately. This point includes writing words with prepositions without, before, on, with. Let's look at some examples: to death, apparently, on the run, to no avail, by eye, with scope.
Combination of the prepositional form of a noun and negatives no, neither written separately: not possible, not to taste, not for a penny.
Nouns with prepositions guilt, standing in prepositional case, are also written separately. For example: the other day, in hearts, at trots.

The basic principle of continuous writing

All cases of spelling adverbs into one word can be reduced to one rule. We write together if two conditions are met:

An adverb arose from the basis of an independent part of speech by attaching a preposition, that is, in a prefixal way.

It is impossible to insert a qualifying word between the preposition and the base to which it is added.

When is a hyphen needed?

We will consider writing adverbs semi-continuously in this paragraph.

In a word form derived from a noun or pronoun, at the end of which we see: -mu, -him, -ki, -i, and in place of the prefix - By-, put a hyphen. Let's look at examples: in French, in royal style, in black, in cat style, in my opinion. The hyphen in such cases always comes after the prefix.
Adverbs derived from ordinal numerals with the participation of prefixes -in, -in are written semi-continuously. Let's look at a few examples: secondly, fifthly. If the adverb is formed from then all parts are connected to each other by means of a hyphen (thirty-seventh, ninety-nine).
If integral part adverbs are particles -something, -or, -something, -yet, we write with a hyphen. Let's remember the examples: somehow, somehow, somehow, somewhere.
If an adverb is formed by repeating one word or stem several times. The repetition of synonymous adverbs also falls into this category. For example: sad-sad, unexpected-unexpected, stuffy-stuffy, visible-invisible.

Under what conditions are adverbs written separately?

Separate writing of adverbs can be reduced to several rules:

If an adverbial expression is formed by repeating two nouns, but there is a preposition between them, we write it in three words. For example: word by word, side by side.
An adverbial phrase formed by repeating the same word, but in the form of different cases (nominative and genitive), is written separately. Similar expressions are used for greater expressiveness. Example: reality is reality, honor is honor, business is business.
Adverbial expressions consisting of a noun and prepositions are written in two words without, in, to, on, from, by, under, with. Let's look at some examples: on the move, to the fullest, with a running start, without holding back, to death.
Separate writing of adverbs is found in combinations consisting of a preposition and an unchangeable part of speech. For example: no, no, no, no, no.
Adverbial combinations, including a noun and a preposition, are written separately, provided that the characteristics of one of the case forms are preserved. Example: in good conscience - in good conscience, in mockery - with mockery.
An adverbial expression including a preposition is written separately V and a noun or adjective whose stem begins with a vowel. Let's look at examples: in the girth, point-blank, in exchange.
Some adverbial expressions consisting of an adjective and a preposition on the, written in two words: for haste, for retreat, for peace.

Exercises for consolidation

Exercises on continuous, hyphenated and separate writing of adverbs will help you practice the material that we discussed in the previous paragraphs, consolidate it and avoid making mistakes in the future.

We will start with simple tasks and gradually move on to more complex ones in order to systematize our knowledge.

1. Divide the words and expressions below into three groups with the names “fused”, “hyphenated” and “separate” spelling of adverbs. Explain why they are written in a certain way. Try to remember them.

Words and phrases that need to be distributed: indiscriminately, in the end, like a dog, in an armful, in pursuit, in your opinion, alive, from the outside, on the spot, sevenfold, directly, half asleep, to the point of exhaustion, criss-cross, dark-dark, scattered.

2. Select the option where there is 1 continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of adverbs: a) with_relatives, in_exchange, some_who; b) not_easy, too_downhill; c) after all, in some places, on the right.

The correct answer is located under the letter “a”: akin, in exchange, someone.

We looked at examples of tasks where there are continuous, separate and hyphenated spellings of adverbs. The exercises helped us remember the spelling of some words.

We write adverbs together

The best way to remember the spelling of adverbs is through exercises in which you need to indicate the correct spelling of words. Let's look at a few examples to practice the theoretical material.

1. Rewrite the phrases, open the brackets. Tell us what rules you relied on when completing the task.

Misunderstanding often arises from the fact that people do not want to listen to each other. The store was (around) that bend. (Why are you so unhappy, friend? (In) the distance a blue motor ship was visible. A snowflake fell (on) my face. He looked at me from under his brows. The boy was wasting his time playing computer games.

Words with brackets are written as follows: that's why (adverb), behind that turn (preposition + pronoun), why (adverb), in the distance (adverb), on the face (preposition + noun), from under the brows (adverb), in vain (adverb).

2. Open the brackets in the phrases. Explain the spelling.

Flew away (for) a long time, looked (a) much older, split (into) two, got together (for) soon.

The correct spelling of words looks like this: for a long time, much, in two, quickly.

Hyphenated adverbs: practice exercises

1.Open the brackets and explain your choice of correct spelling.

(A long time ago) a terrible event happened in a small kingdom. They walked (for a long time) through forests and swamps. She (still) waited for her brother to return from his journey. (First of all, she had a terribly grumpy character.

Correct spelling of words: a long time ago, a long time ago, still, first of all.

2. Rewrite the sentences below, opening the brackets.

It was (like) winter cold. She looked at me childishly, smiling widely. Have you seen such an amazing building anywhere? She waited for him for a whole hour, and he still came. Little by little, what happened on that fateful evening was forgotten.

Correct answers: in the winter, in a childish way, somewhere, after all, little by little.

Writing adverbs separately: tasks

1. Determine in which sentences the words should be written separately, explain why.

(Masha always had exceptionally good grades in this subject. It was cloudy and rainy outside, which is why she was sad. (From) that house to the store it was half an hour’s journey. (Why) should I do this thankless job? Behind (what) was the kitten hiding?

Correct spelling: That's why(preposition and pronoun), that's why(adverb), from that(preposition and pronoun), For what(adverb), For what(preposition and pronoun).

2. Rewrite the exercise, opening the brackets.

Hearing any funny joke, he began to laugh (until) he fell. People often buy equipment (in) installments. All the newspapers wrote that the boy went for a walk in the park and went missing. The builders did a great job. His sudden question put me (in) a dead end.

Answer: until I drop, in installments, without a trace, for glory, at a dead end.

Summarize

You have become acquainted with the rules that explain the continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs. Examples of exercises and words helped to practice and consolidate the material. Now, when you see a difficult-to-write adverb in the text, you can easily and accurately deal with it.

SPELLING OF ADVERBS

Continuous writing of adverbs

1. Adverbs formed by combining a preposition-prefix with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, the day after tomorrow.

Note: Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words used in these cases in the meaning of nouns should be distinguished from similar words. Wed: The next day the patient felt better e (felt when?, in the meaning of an adverb). – The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow(scheduled for what time? when?, in the meaning of a noun).

2. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions and prefixes are written together V And on with collective numbers, for example: twice, in two(But: two by two).

3. Adverbs formed by combining prepositional prefixes with short adjectives are written together, for example: to the left, for a long time, tightly, red-hot, for a long time, to the right, for a long time, in vain, nearby.

Note: There is a difference between the continuous spelling of some adverbs of this type and the separate spelling of prepositional-nominal combinations. Wed: There are a lot of people here every day. - He doesn’t come here for many months.(presence of a controlled word).

4. Adverbs formed by combining prepositional prefixes with full adjectives and pronouns are written together, for example: close(come up) scattered(rush) manually(do), blindly(to roam), in the dark(play), outright(get fired) draw(play) with might and main(swing).

Note: Adverb openly written separately.

5. Adverbs that contain nouns or nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language are written together, for example: to the full, to pieces, locked up, at home, end-to-end, at random, by surprise, soft-boiled, on the sly, completely, familiarly, flush, from the inside, from under the brows, on the sly, outwards, to the ground, obliquely, down the drain, hastily, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the alert, in reality, inadvertently, by chance, unbearably, inopportunely, to the ground, rightly so, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, behind, outside, early in the morning, half asleep, childhood, too much.

6. Adverbs are written together if a definition (adjective, numeral, pronoun) cannot be inserted between the prefix-prefix and the noun from which the adverb is formed without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun, for example: in addition, ford, to the full, fly, together, in an instant, for rent, at a loss, again, on time, truly, around, after, at odds, in bend, up to, subsequently, half, half-jokingly or half-seriously, truly, rightly, for future use, at random, discordantly, at random, quickly, out loud, dry, in full, for nothing, married, at once, in a row, by the way, towards, bulging, bulging, right through, out, out, out, out, at attention, headlong, out of spite, by heart, at the ready, inside out, the day before, obviously, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, vying with each other, intercepting, ostentatiously, half, finally, for example, for rent, all the way through, wide open, in a chant, along with, forcefully, at random, frankly, unbearably, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, desperately, involuntarily, one by one, at midnight, in the morning, on the side, on the shoulder, at once, right away, in a row.

Note 1: Many of these words, depending on the context (the presence of explanatory words) and meaning, act as a combination of a preposition with a noun and are written separately. Wed: ford – enter a ford; be really(In fact) happy - to believe in the truth; has the right to act this way - not to doubt the right to do so; break completely - put on the head; act in secret(secretly) – keep secret(in secret); learn by heart - give as a gift; to do out of spite - to complain about evil and injustice; speak at length(drawn out) – give the boots a stretch (cf.: re-stretch), lean to one side - turn on the side(cf.: on the right side), on the side of the bake - from side to side; live side by side - live side by side; stand to death - go to death; come back the next morning(in the morning) - postpone until morning; not to see from birth - thirty years of age; too much - more than three meters; contrary to other people's opinion - to get a cut on the arm.

Note 2: This group (partially the previous one, see above, paragraph 5) includes many adverbs of a professional nature and colloquial style with the prefix V- and final syllable -ku written together, for example: catching up, squeezing, rolling, saddled, overlay, scurrying, waddling, waddling, overturning, racing, interspersed, jumbled, heaping, tucking, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, ku, cover, biting, skipping, squeezing, hopping, squatting, squatting, squatting, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, sipping, crunching, squinting, scattering, scattered, waddled, waddled, unzipped, waddled, untwisted, unscrewed.

7. Adverbs with spatial and temporal meanings containing nouns are written together top, bottom, front, back, height, distance, depth, width, beginning, end, century. For example: up, up, up, up, up, up, down, down, down, below, forward, back, up, away, away, deep, wide, at first, first, completely, finally, forever, forever, forever, forever.

Note 1: Possibility of inserting a qualifying word (cf.: up - to the very top) does not entail their separate writing. These words are written separately only if there is an explanatory word for the specified nouns in the sentence itself or according to the meaning of the context, for example: to the bottom of the dress, into the depths of the ocean, into the foggy distance, at the beginning of autumn, forever and ever, forever and ever, repeat the lesson from the beginning(i.e. “from the beginning”, not “at first”). Wed: Science is studied from the beginning, friendship is cherished from the beginning(proverb). But: We need to start all over again(meaning “again, again, once again”).

Note 2. Many of the words given in this paragraph can be used as prepositions with a controlled noun, and in these cases the continuous spelling is preserved, for example: There was a light visible at the bottom of the door(i.e. the light came from under the door, and did not illuminate the bottom of the door). There was a date at the top of the letter.(the meaning of the adverbial preposition is perceived, and not the objective meaning of “top of the letter”). Wed. Also: to be at the top of bliss, to feel at the top of well-being(with a figurative meaning of the word above), stop in the middle of the road etc.

Separate writing of adverbial combinations

1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately, for example: side by side, eye to eye(by analogy: one on one).

2. Adverbial expressions with an intensifying meaning are written separately, formed by a combination of two identical nouns, one of which is in the nominative case, the other in the instrumental, for example: business is business, honor is honor, eccentric is eccentric.

3. Combinations of nouns with prepositions used in adverbial meaning are written separately:

without , For example: without knowledge, without asking, without beating around the bush, without looking back, without refusal, without enlightenment, without waking up, indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, without ceasing, without tiredness;

V , For example: into the smoke, into the gloss, into the insole (drunk), into the selection, into the bargain, into the pool, into the old days, into the joint, into the dead end, into the dead end;

before , For example: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to the point of failure, to death, to the point of falling;

behind , For example: after midnight;

on , For example: on the run, on the fly, in sight, on the fly, at a gallop, on the move; by weight, by sight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by envy, by touch, by rarity, by glory, by laughter;

from , For example: at most(three kilograms, etc.);

By , For example: the old fashioned way;

under , For example: to match, to the bias, to the tips, to the noise;

With , For example : with the knowledge, with the knowledge, with a blunder, with a swoop, with a pantalyk(go astray) with a run, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move.

Same with prepositions V And on with plural nouns, for example: in the heads, in the legs, in days, in joys, in trots, in demolitions, on the clock(stand).

Preposition combinations that act separately as adverbs are written on with unchangeable parts of speech (particles, interjections): at random, not at all(negate) with a bang, with a bang.

4. Combinations of nouns with various prepositions used separately as adverbs are written separately if the noun in a certain meaning has retained at least some case forms, for example: in mockery, with mockery; abroad, abroad, from abroad(But: trade with foreign countries- from the noun abroad), at home, at home; on all fours, on all fours; squatting, squatting; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on the heels, on the heels; on bail, on bail; from memory, from memory; on hand, not from hand; conscientiously, according to conscience; under the arm, under the arm, under the arm, under the arm, from under the arm(But: armpits); under a bushel, under a bushel.

The same if the noun is used in a figurative meaning, for example: shout out in your hearts(in anger), scold for the eyes(in absentia).

5. Adverb combinations consisting of a preposition are written separately V and nouns starting with a vowel, for example: in exchange, to the hilt, to the girth, point-blank, alone; Also: openly.

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with a prefix are written with a hyphen By-, formed from full adjectives and pronouns and ending in -mu, -him, -ki, -ni, -i, For example: work in a new way, let it be your way, advise in a friendly way, speak in French, be cunning like a fox; apparently no-empty, still and no-latin.

2. Adverbs with a prefix are written with a hyphen in- (in-), formed from ordinal numbers, for example: firstly, fourthly, seventhly, lastly(the last spelling is similar to the previous ones).

Parts of such formations as twenty-fifths, one-hundred-thirty-sevenths and so on.

3. Indefinite adverbs with particles are written with a hyphen -something, -something, -something, For example: sometime, from somewhere, somehow, somewhere, after all.

4. Adverbs formed by repetition of the same word or the same stem, as well as a combination of two synonymous or related words, are written with a hyphen, for example: barely, barely, after all, criss-cross, tightly, little by little, unexpectedly, not today or tomorrow, as soon as possible, in the middle of nowhere, quietly, peacefully, at the very least.

5. Hyphenated technical term on-mountain.

Written together:

Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with adverbs, for example: until now, from the outside, forever, on the contrary, through, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, completely, hardly, for nothing. What should be distinguished from such adverbs are combinations of prepositions written separately with unchangeable words used in these cases in the meaning of nouns, for example: see you tomorrow, maybe, na no (reduce to nothing), with a bang. Adverbs formed by combining the prepositions in and on with collective numerals, for example: twice, three times, four times, etc., in two, in three, but: in twos, in threes. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives, for example: to the left, dry, dead, from afar, hastily, little by little, in vain, slowly, rashly. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives and pronouns, for example: hard-boiled, closely, hand-to-hand, often, recklessly, at random, for the first time, probably in a draw, with might and main. Note. Adverbs of this type are written separately, composed of the preposition in and an adjective starting with a vowel, for example: in the open. For adverbs beginning with po- and written with a hyphen, see § 84. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with nouns, for example: forward, sideways, sometimes, with your own eyes, old, in starts, at random, in addition, on the contrary, involuntarily, soft-boiled, squatted . Adverbs of this type include: a) Words with different adverbial meanings, containing in their composition such nouns or such nominal forms that in modern literary language not used: close, in plenty, in pursuit, to pieces, on loan, in exchange, locked up, in starts, passionately, at length, at random, crookedly, for hire, inside, inside, personally, back home, waddle, racing, in front, alternately, mixed up, swimming, waddling , in a hurry, at a glance, half-hungry, at an exorbitant rate, in a daze, waddle, by surprise, apart, seriously, at a gallop, casually, soft-boiled, old-fashioned, on the sly, in a hurry, at exorbitant prices, alienated, completely, married (from the old form of wine. fall.), familiar, from within, from time immemorial, confession, from under the brows, on the sly, from time immemorial, from time to time, from time immemorial, on one side, in defiance, backwards, bitterly, inverted, backwards, to the ground, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, at random, backhand, race, in defiance, across, against, on the spot, straight, in great demand, out, down the drain, wide open, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the run, on the alert, in reality, unknowingly, by chance, unbearably, out of place, to the ground, rightly so, behind, by hearsay, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, foolishly, from behind, outside, early in the morning, half asleep, half asleep, too much, etc. b) Words with different adverbial meanings, if between the preposition (prefix) and the noun from which the adverb is formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: in addition, ford, fly in, to your heart's content, to your heart's content (eat), to puff (smoke), completely (to be exhausted), together, in an instant, saddle (wear a coat), at a loss, again, truly, around, after, sideways, at the bend, right up, just right (suit), on time (to arrive), subsequently, half, really, has the right (to do so), for the future, at random, at random, at random, at odds, at random, at a stretch, hardly, quickly, out loud, dry, secretly, revealed, for free, married, at once, in a row, by the way, on one side (put on a hat), towards, stick out, right through, take away, out, out, out, straight out, head on (break), out of spite, by heart (learn), inside out, the day before, finally, it is obvious, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, halfway, vying with each other, intercepting, for show, finally, for example, for rent, all the way through, right through, wide open, chanting, alongside, by force, to the death (stand; but: not for life, but for death), at random, in the morning (to return), frankly, unbearably, sideways (to live), from birth, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, involuntarily, one by one, in the morning, sideways, too, shoulder-wise (cut ), immediately, right away, in a row. c) Words with spatial and temporal meaning, containing the nouns top, bottom, before, back, height, distance, century, beginning, despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them: up, above, up, up to the top, up , above; down, below, down, to the bottom, below; forward, forward; back; up; into the distance, away, from a distance; forever, forever, forever, forever, forever; at first, at first; but if there are explanatory words for the corresponding nouns, the specified words are written separately, for example: to the top of the mountain, to the heights of heaven, to the distance of the steppes, to the blue distance, forever and ever, at the beginning of life, from the beginning of the school year. However, not every combination of a noun with a preposition, which is an adverb and close in meaning to an adverb, is written together. A. Combinations of prepositions with nouns should be written separately: a) if a defining word can be inserted between the preposition and the noun: for a moment (for one moment), with a bang (with all the speed), in silence (in the silence of the forest), at a gallop (at I'm galloping everyone), at a dead end (I got into such a dead end that...); b) if the preposition ends in a consonant, and the noun begins with a vowel: in exchange, in the bleed, in an embrace, in revenge, in a tight embrace, in a girth, alone, in an armful, point-blank, downhill. c) if a noun in a certain (one) meaning has retained at least some case forms in combination with prepositions: squatted, squatted; on all fours, on all fours; on all fours, on all fours; abroad, abroad, from abroad; under a bushel, under a bushel; at home, at home; from memory, from memory; conscientiously, according to conscience; on hand, not from hand; in mockery, with mockery; under the arms, under the arms, under the arm, under the arm, from under the arms; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on bail, on bail; on the heels, on the heels. B. The following are also written separately: a) some combinations of nouns with prepositions close in meaning to adverbs: without: without looking back, without waking up, indiscriminately, to no avail, without holding back, without stopping, without getting tired; to: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to failure, to death, to the point of falling (but: to the top, to the bottom, see paragraph 5, c above); on: on the run, on the fly, on the go, by weight, in sight, by sight, by weight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by touch, by glory, by laughter; with: on the fly, with a run, with acceleration, with a swing, with a swoop, on the move; b) combinations of the negation not and neither with prepositional forms of nouns, for example: not in moderation, not to the credit, not within the power, not to taste, not to good, not for an iota, not for a penny, not in a hurry; c) nouns in the prepositional case plural with prepositions in and on, denoting location, time, state (physical and mental), for example: in the heads, in the legs, on the clock (to stand), the other day, on the trot, in joy, in the hearts. In cases of difficulties in spelling adverbs formed by combining a preposition with nouns, you should consult a spelling dictionary. From adverbs written together, one should distinguish equally pronounced combinations of prepositions with nouns, written separately, for example: in the time of youth, from side to side (waddles), on the head (misfortune fell), on strength (did not count), for example (referred), in a row (lined up). Adverbs formed by merging prepositions with pronouns are written together, for example: why, therefore, therefore, therefore, why, therefore, why, then, how much (“at what price”), etc., in contrast to combinations of prepositions with pronouns V indirect cases(“why are you knocking?”, i.e. on what object; “what did you go for?”, i.e. what thing did you go for).

- GRAMMATICAL ADVERBS. Words that have the form of an adverb, i.e. a form showing the relationship of these words, as names of a non-verbal feature, to the verb...
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Together. Apart. Hyphenated. Dictionary-reference book
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Together. Apart. Hyphenated. Dictionary-reference book
- together adv. qualities Having merged, united together; not separately...
Dictionary Efremova
- inseparable, united, indivisible,...
Synonym dictionary

"§ 083. ADVERBS CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATELY" in books

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§ 55. Negative adverbs

From the book Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

§ 55. Negative adverbs In negative adverbs, under stress it is written not, without stress - neither (in both cases the spelling is continuous). For example: never to deal with trifles - never? did not bother with trifles; in the summer there was nowhere to play - children nowhere? didn't play; where to wait

§ 54. Adverbs of hissing

author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

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§ 55. Negative adverbs

From the book Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, literary editing author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

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From the book Study foreign languages author Melnikov Ilya

Images of adverbs Adverbs are remembered in the same way as adjectives. You need to imagine the image of a noun that is most often pronounced with this adverb. Here we must also take into account the fact that an adverb is often very different in meaning from an adjective. "Merry Man" and

“Combined and separate writing of prefixes in adverbs” is a very important topic in the school subject “Russian Language”. Thanks to its study, not only a child, but also an adult will be able to understand why some words are spelled one way and not another.

In addition, having studied this topic in detail, people are able to learn to distinguish an adverb from nominal parts of speech (for example, nouns, adjectives, numerals, etc.) combined with a preposition. This will allow them to correctly write not only the adverb itself, but also other words, and also more accurately understand their meaning.

basic information

The combined and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs is determined different ways. It should be especially noted that, compared to other parts of speech, such cases are the most difficult and raise a lot of questions during their writing (especially among schoolchildren).

Many adverbs are exceptions to the current rules of the Russian language. Therefore, most teachers encourage you to memorize them or simply memorize them.

Adverb spelling rules

What is an adverb? Any teacher will say that this is an independent word that denotes a sign of an action or an object. What questions does she answer? Words of this class can be identified by asking them the following questions: “Where?”, “How?”, “Where?”, “Why?”, “When?”, “Why?” and where?".

To write an adverb correctly, you should know all its spelling rules. At the same time, in school curriculum a lot of time is devoted to the following topics: staging soft sign(“b”) after hissing words at the end of the word (jump up, completely, wide open, married, already, unbearably), as well as the letter “o” (hot, fresh, naked).

In addition, it is very important to know in what cases the part of speech in question should be written with a hyphen (comradely, new, wolfish, in my opinion, still, apparently, empty). However, schoolchildren spend the longest time studying the combined and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs. This is due to the fact that such a topic is more difficult to understand and requires memorizing many words that have been excluded from the general rules.

In what cases should words be written together?

The adverb prefixes, the table of which is presented in this article, can be different (for example, na-, s-, v-, po- and others). To understand how such words are written (combined or separately), one must determine from which original part of speech they were formed. To do this, you need to refer to the basic rules of spelling adverbs in the Russian language.

So, the mentioned part of speech is written together if it was:

Formed by combining prepositions such as “on” and “in” with Let’s give a few examples: three times, two times, four times, five times.
Formed by the prefix method from other adverbs. Let's give an example: on the contrary, until now, the day before yesterday, through and through.
Formed by the suffix-prefix method from adjectives. Let's give an example: close, often hard-boiled, completely.
Formed by the prefix method from nouns, if they do not have other explanatory words (for example, down, at the beginning, left, up, obviously, right).

It should also be noted that those adverbs that were placed in comparative degree. These words include: better, newer, worse, more beautiful, more attractive, simpler, older, faster, and so on.

Separate spelling of words (basic rules, examples of adverbs)

“Combined and separate writing of prefixes in adverbs” is a rather difficult topic to understand. However, almost everyone can know it. Moreover, it does not matter whether you are a school student or have long since graduated from a general education institution.

We talked above about the cases in which this part of speech is written together with prefixes. However, there are also rules in the Russian language that speak of separate writing of adverbs. This spelling of the part of speech in question also depends on Let's consider the basic rules right now:

Adverbs that were formed by combining prepositions (except for “on” and “in”) with collective numerals are written separately. Let's give an example: three, two, one.
Prepositions with adverbs are written separately if they were formed from nouns that have a vowel at the very beginning. For example: point-blank, point-blank, till you drop, all the way, etc.
Adverbs are written separately if they were formed from a preposition combined with a collective numeral ending in -y or -i. For example: for three, for two, for six. It should be remembered that such adverbs as firstly, thirdly, secondly, fifthly, sixthly, etc., are written only with a hyphen.
Prepositions with adverbs that were formed from adjectives with a vowel at the very beginning are written separately (for example, openly, backwards, etc.).
Adverbs that are formed from combinations of nouns with prepositions should also be written separately. For example: (abroad, on the move, under the arms, on the fly, from under the arm).
Adverbs that are formed from combinations of two identical nouns with prepositions are written separately. For example: side by side, in the end, face to face.

Negative adverbs

What is this part of speech? Negative adverbs are words that deny something. How are they different from other words? Such adverbs are characterized by the presence of the prefixes not- or neither-. Their correct writing has very important. It should be noted that a large number of people have no idea about the spelling of such words.

So how are the prefixes not- and ni- written in adverbs? According to experts, under stress in such words it is written not-, and in the unstressed state - ni-. It should be especially noted that in both cases the prefixes are written together, except when they are separated by some preposition.

Examples of negative adverbs

I have no time to do these things, since I have never dealt with them.
In winter there was nowhere to hide, and they did not hide anywhere.
There's no rush, we're in no hurry.

How do you spell the prefix v- with adverbs?

As mentioned above, adverbs with a prefix are written together if such words were formed by combining the preposition “in” with collective numerals. Let's give an example: double, triple. However, it should be noted that there are also words that are also written together, although they have nothing to do with the rule described above.

So why are adverbs with the prefix v- written together (examples of such words will be presented below)? According to experts, such adverbs include words formed by combining a preposition-prefix with a noun, into which it is impossible to insert a definition without changing their meaning, and also if the noun cannot be affixed with any Let us give an example: ford, in addition , fly in, to your heart's content, together, for hire, in an instant, at a cost, on time, again, at odds, right up, at the bend, subsequently, half-jokingly, half-seriously, really, half, rightly, scatteredly, for future use, at random, quickly, at odds, out loud, openly, dryly . The same applies to such prefixes as na-, for-, po, s-, etc.

Note

Speaking about the continuous spelling of an adverb with the prefix v-, it should be noted that depending on the meaning and context (that is, the presence of explanatory words), many of the above words can act as a combination of a noun with a preposition. In this case they are written separately. For example: to wade or enter a ford, act in secret or keep a secret, learn by heart or try by heart, be really happy or believe in the truth, break completely or put on your head, have the right to act this way or not doubt the right, etc.

Special information

It should also be noted that partly this category of words includes adverbs with the prefix v- colloquial style or professional nature. As a rule, such words have the final syllable -ku. They are all written together. Let's give a few examples: catching up, rolling in, tacking, saddled up, scurrying, overlaying, squeezing, upside down, waddling, racing, jumbled, interspersed, sideways, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in, squatted, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in, feed, squat, squat, hop, sip, sip, squat, hop, squat, squat, squat, sip, sip, sip, crunch, squat, squint, scatter.

RULE 4:

Almost all spelling norms associated with adverbs are explained by data from the historical grammar of the Russian language. The combined and separate spelling of adverbs formed from nouns may have a large number of exceptions.

RULE 5:

Adverbs with prefixes in-, for-, on-, formed from short adjectives, have at the end(left, alive, completely);

Adverbs with prefixes to-, from-, from- have at the end of a(dry, long ago, again).

RULE 6:

Adverbs are written with a hyphen :

With the prefix po-, formed from full adjectives and pronouns , ending with-mu, -him, -ski, -i(in a different way, in a wolf way, in a friendly way).

With attachment in-(in-), formed from ordinal numbers

(firstly, thirdly);

- indefinites with suffixes – this, -either, -something, with attachment some, with particle – after all(somewhere, someone, etc.);

- formed by repeating words (slightly).

RULE 7:

Adverbs formed from numerals, adjectives, pronouns written together:(forever, the day after tomorrow, for the first time, manually).

Adverbs that go back to nouns have combined and separate spellings. If the original words are not used in the language, adverbs written together : to pieces, locked up, at random.

Together adverbs are also written if to the original noun you can't ask a case question and choose a definition: subsequently, together, around, married, for example, right through, alone.

A group of adverbs with prefixes is written together o-, from-, to-, from (-is): partly, from above, from within.

Always together Adverbs formed from nouns are written: top, bottom, height, distance, width, depth, beginning. For example: below, at the beginning, deep, from afar etc .

Adverbial combinations with prepositions without, before, with, for, under are written separately : without knowledge, on demand, beyond recognition, with acceleration, abroad, in the morning.

If a preposition ends in a consonant and a noun begins with a vowel, adverbs are written apart: in exchange, openly, alone, point blank.

RULE 8:

Adverbs from, why, because why, why, then, therefore and conjunction but written in one word.

Combinations (prepositions with pronouns): from what, from what by that, by what, for what, after that, according to this written in two words, differ in meaning based on the pronoun.

REMEMBER: The conjunction ITAK (meaning “therefore”) is written in one word. The combination AND SO (conjunction with an adverb) - in two words.

Tasks

Exercise 1.

Explain the spelling of adverbs.

Dress (in) autumn, live (in) a new way, speak (in) English, act (in) your own way, lean back..., open the door wide..., wipe dry..., act (in) a comradely manner, formed a long time ago..., turned (in )lion..., danger (c)right..., leave before dark..., start over..., long... before these events, remember (strongly) firmly, distribute (evenly), make (more) better and (more) beautiful, calculate on (surely), disperse (alone).

Task 2 .

Write it off. Explain the combined and separate spelling of adverbs.

(On) always remember, put off (until) tomorrow, live (on) against, divide (into) two, say (with) hot, speak (in) general, see (on) through, increase (by) a little, act ( c) open, shoot (at) point blank; take (in) revenge, shout (in) pursuit, leave (in) early, dive (in) the depths, (in) the right to know, dream (in) secret, cross (in) the ford, respond (to) evil, spin ( c) side (on) side, go (to) meet difficulties

Task 3.

Explain the combined or separate writing of the proposed options.

And you are free to dispose of your inheritance, inherited from your aunt. I would like to say the same thing in response. He was also not at home. She wanted to know what he thought about this. It was necessary to wait until morning no matter what (no, no) became. He agreed to whatever was offered to him. She didn’t do all this just to lose everything at once.

Task 4 .

Make up sentences 1) with conjunctions: so that, too, also, moreover, but, so; 2) with adverbs: because, why, because, why, therefore, then; 3) with pronouns with a particle: whatever, the same; 4) with pronouns with a preposition: in addition, from that, for that, for which.