A story about snowdrops for children from the Red Book
Message about Snowdrop for Year 3
Snowdrop is the earliest small-bulbed plant. These are unusually delicate plants with a small white bell-shaped head, a short stem and long narrow green leaves. The aroma of snowdrop is very subtle and light.
Why was the snowdrop called that? The snowdrop got its name because it grows from under the snow - “snowdrop”. This small plant can withstand even severe frost of ten degrees.
And the scientific name of the flower is “galanthus”, which means milk drop. The petals look like drops, and the color is white, like milk. With the onset of darkness, the snowdrop flower closes and becomes very, very similar to a drop of milk.
Snowdrops have only two narrow leaves near a short stem.
Snowdrop is a forest flower. This beautiful and delicate flower grows from a small bulb. This bulb contains the nutrients accumulated over the summer and autumn.
The Legend of the Snowdrop
An old Russian legend tells that one day the old woman Winter with her companions Frost and Wind decided not to let the beautiful Spring come to earth. But the brave Snowdrop straightened up, straightened its petals and asked for protection from the Sun. The sun noticed the Snowdrop, warmed the earth and opened the way for Spring.
Why is the snowdrop listed in the Red Book?
Snowdrops are the first to bloom, so people pick them without sparing, some for themselves, and some for sale. They pick them in armfuls, pulling them out along with the bulbs, trampling the densely growing flowers. To preserve this type of flower, scientists have included it in the Red Book. Snowdrops picked from the forest are prohibited from sale, and violators face a fine.
Snowdrops are perennials, which are mainly found in nature, but can also be grown in the country. In total, about 20 varieties of this flower crop are found in natural conditions, some of them are listed in the Red Book.
From this article you will learn which varieties of rare and ornamental plants exist, and you can also get acquainted with their external features.
Types of snowdrops with photos and names
Scientists still cannot name the exact number of varieties, but they agree that there are more than 20 of them. Moreover, many plants are very similar in appearance and differ only in a few small details.
Since they are successfully used to decorate gardens, let’s look at the most popular types, and their photos will help you decide which variety is best to grow.
Alpine
This is a bulbous plant that is successfully cultivated in summer cottages, although it is also found in nature. Flowering begins in the fourth year after planting: at the end of winter or in early spring Long green leaves appear from under the soil, and later small white buds.
Figure 1. Alpine variety plants At the end of spring, when the flowering period ends, small boxes with seeds appear that can be used for propagation. For growing, you can also use baby bulbs that form on the mother bush. IN wildlife found in the Alps and the Caucasus, but is successfully cultivated in other climatic zones.
Byzantine
Its homeland is the Asian coast of the Bosphorus Strait. It is also successfully grown in Europe, although it has not yet become widespread in our country.
Note: In fact, the variety is a variety of folded, and is valued for its high decorativeness.
A characteristic feature of the variety is its unusual flowering period. Unlike other species, Byzantine blooms not in spring, but in autumn. Its appearance is also unusual: a white carved inflorescence is surrounded by several long snow-white petals.
Caucasian
As the name suggests, the plant is found in the Caucasus, mainly in the central regions. Like other varieties, it has long and narrow green leaves and a white inflorescence (Figure 2).
Figure 2. External features Caucasian variety A characteristic feature is the presence of small green inclusions with inside petals. Flowering begins in March and lasts about two weeks. At the same time, it will not be possible to receive seeds every year, since fruiting is irregular. In addition, when grown at home, the crop requires shelter for the winter.
Snow-white
This variety is considered the most popular in our country, and perhaps everyone has seen it. It has long narrow leaves, and the inflorescences are quite large and can reach 30 mm in diameter.
Note: It grows quite quickly without human intervention. If you plant it in a free area of your dacha, within a few years the plants will spread throughout the entire garden bed.
A special feature is the relatively early onset of flowering and its long duration. You can admire the delicate buds already in early March and until April, for about 25-30 days. The crop can be propagated by both seeds and bulbs, but in some cases self-seeding is also possible.
folded
Externally, it is significantly different from others. First of all, it is quite tall (up to 25 cm). In addition, it has large inflorescences, the diameter of which can reach 40 mm. But it should be taken into account that during the flowering period one plant can throw out only one peduncle (Figure 3).
Figure 3. External features of pleated flowers It is found naturally in the mountainous regions of Romania, Moldova and Ukraine, but is also successfully cultivated in summer cottages. Like other species, flowering begins in March and continues for two to three weeks. The culture is highly decorative, as it quickly grows on its own, forming a lush carpet. In such conditions for one square meter there may be up to 25 plants.
Elveza
IN natural conditions found in Eastern Europe, where it is successfully grown in culture. The flower is considered to be quite tall and large: the height can reach 25 cm, and the bud size is 5 cm. In addition, they have a bright, pleasant aroma (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Features of the Elveza variety Another one distinctive feature- long flowering. The first buds appear at the end of winter or early spring and do not fade within 30 days.
Many people associate early spring with these small, delicate flowers, because they are the first to emerge from under the snow and are pleasing to the eye after the winter cold.
Figure 5. First spring flowers Many have seen the green carpet of ordinary garden flowers, therefore, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with their photos in natural conditions (Figure 5).
Photo of snowdrop from the Red Book
Despite the fact that many species are successfully grown in gardens and greenhouses, forest species are endangered due to human fault. By picking them, people not only destroy natural beauty, but also prevent flowers from multiplying. naturally, since the bulbs of the crop are often damaged during harvesting.
Figure 6. Appearance plants listed in the Red Book At the moment, the forest species is listed in the Red Book and picking it is prohibited by law (Figure 6). But, unfortunately, this does not stop poachers at all, who pull out flowers in early spring (often along with bulbs) for sale. In fact, this makes no sense at all, since in appearance they are practically no different from other species that can be grown in the country or in a greenhouse for sale.
In the video you can see what different varieties of this crop look like, including those listed in the Red Book.
Photo of white snowdrops
You can admire the carpet of white inflorescences in a painting, but it is much more pleasant to grow such plants in the garden. Seeds collected with your own hands or bulbs purchased in a specialized store are suitable for this.
Figure 7. Photo of white spring flowers The value of plants is preserved only if they are in a flower bed. If you pick these flowers, the bouquet will last no longer than a few days, whereas in the garden they can delight you for a month.
Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, did not particularly worry about mulching. But today this agricultural technique has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reducing crop losses. Some might say it's a hassle. But practice shows that labor costs in in this case pay off handsomely. In this article we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Succulents are very diverse. Despite the fact that “little ones” have always been considered more fashionable, the range of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it’s worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of prickliness, impact on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article we will tell you about the five most fashionable succulents that amazingly transform modern interiors.
The Egyptians used mint as early as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils, which are highly volatile. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article we will look at the most interesting varieties of mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in open ground.
People began growing crocuses 500 years before our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the harbingers of spring next year. Crocuses are one of the earliest primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, flowering times may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article is dedicated to the earliest varieties of crocuses, which bloom in late March and early April.
Cabbage soup made from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, aromatic and easy to prepare. In this recipe you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. Early cabbage It cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as other vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup turns out tastier than freshly prepared cabbage soup.
Blueberries are a rare and promising berry crop in gardens. Blueberries are a source of biologically active substances and vitamins, have antiscorbutic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, general strengthening properties. The berries contain vitamins C, E, A, flavonoids, anthocyanins, trace elements - zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, as well as plant hormones - phytoestrogens. Blueberries taste like a mixture of grapes and blueberries.
Looking at the variety of tomato varieties, it’s hard not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners are sometimes confused by it! However, understanding the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself” is not so difficult. The main thing is to delve into the peculiarities of the culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest groups of tomatoes to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been valued by those gardeners who do not have much energy and time to care for their beds.
Once very popular under the name of indoor nettle, and then forgotten by everyone, coleus today is one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. It is not for nothing that they are considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are primarily looking for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant monitoring. But if you take care of them, bushes made of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon backbone baked in Provençal herbs is a “supplier” of delicious pieces of fish pulp for light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. The champignons are lightly fried in olive oil and then water it apple cider vinegar. These mushrooms are tastier than regular pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Wild garlic and fresh dill get along well in one salad, highlighting each other’s aroma. The garlicky pungency of wild garlic will permeate both the salmon flesh and mushroom pieces.
Conifer tree or shrubs on the site is always great, but a lot of conifers is even better. Emerald needles of various shades decorate the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils, released by plants, not only aromatize, but also make the air cleaner. As a rule, most zoned adults coniferous plants, are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require proper care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the canopy flowering trees have long become an integral attribute of welcoming spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. Financial and academic year here it starts on April 1, when the magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese take place under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain species can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
I am very interested in analyzing how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and was an item of trade, lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century B.C. e. About 6 varieties of quince were known, and even then methods of its propagation and cultivation were described.
Delight your family and prepare themed cottage cheese cookies in the shape of Easter eggs! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration as the pieces of dough turn into real ones. Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read our step by step recipe!
Among tuberous crops, there are not so many decorative deciduous favorites. And caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of interiors. Not everyone can decide to own a caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all, it requires care. But still, rumors about the extraordinary capriciousness of caladiums are never justified. Attention and care can avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And the plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply easy-to-prepare dish for you today. This sauce is one hundred percent universal, as it goes with every side dish: vegetables, pasta, or anything. Chicken and mushroom gravy will save you in moments when you don’t have time or don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Take your favorite side dish (you can do this in advance so everything is hot), add some gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.
Charming and tender, surprisingly defenseless and infinitely hardy - these are all snowdrops, the very first to appear every spring in barely thawed thawed patches.
Amazing aroma and no less amazing fragile appearance of this beautiful flower Unfortunately, they turned against him - enterprising traders practically mow down the spring lawns covered with galanthus, threatening the very existence of this elegant beauty. Since 1981, snowdrops have been listed in the Red Book.
Delicate primrose
The botanical name of the snowdrop is galanthus, euphonious and elegant, like the representative of which one and a half dozen species are still found in the European forests of Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, Chechnya and Dagestan, as well as in eastern Georgia and northwestern Azerbaijan. Galanthus is a primrose protected by the Red Book of Russia.
Snowdrop is a perennial and the earliest flowering plant that emerges from the ground with the first warm rays as soon as the snow begins to melt. Each bulb produces only one straight peduncle. The dark green, shiny leaves appear at the same time as the flower, similar in shape to the snow-white ones with a green edge, and have three inner petals surrounded by three larger ones. This unusual structure makes them unique and elegant. The plant reaches a height of 15-18 cm, abundant flowering starts in early April.
Red Book of Russia: snowdrop
Unfortunately, collecting galanthus for bouquets or for trade is not the only reason influencing the significant decrease in the number and representatives of this plant. Factors leading to unpleasant consequences, causing the snowdrop to disappear, the Red Book believes:
Digging of bulbs by amateur gardeners,
Deforestation, reducing the areas where snowdrops previously grew;
Trampling or destruction of forest floor;
Environmental problems of the region.
For example, in Dagestan, all species of the snowdrop plant growing on the territory of the republic are endangered. The Red Book of Russia has assigned the third category to galanthus, characterizing it as a rare species, which today is not yet in danger of extinction, but since it is already found in small quantity and in fairly limited areas, with a negative change in the habitat provoked by some natural or soon it may well disappear.
Snowdrop: description. Red Book and plant protection
The Red Book stipulates the responsibility of the country in whose territory endangered species grow, therefore the implementation of protective measures, such as bans on the sale rare plants, the creation of reserves and nature reserves, as well as their cultivation, should bring results.
I would like to believe that it will be possible to preserve the galanthus population, because the Red Book of Russia is responsible for its protection. Plants, including snowdrops, that are under protection cannot be picked, sold, etc. Selection research for the cultivation of many rare species is carried out constantly, and cultural breeding of snowdrops is encouraged among flower growers. To propagate galanthus on your own summer cottage you should know about his preferences and developmental characteristics.
Agrotechnics of cultivation
The snowdrop is unpretentious. Growing under the canopy of forest trees and shrubs, it has long adapted to perfectly tolerate partial shade, but it also feels no worse in open spaces. Excellent winter hardiness and endurance to changes in spring temperatures enable gardeners to plant it in various parts of the garden. You just need to know that it will grow better on loose and well-drained soil fertilized with humus or compost. In heavy clay soils It's worth adding sand. But there is stagnation groundwater will not allow the snowdrop to take root successfully.
Garden propagation is welcomed by the Red Book of Russia. Plants - snowdrop, crocus and other bulbous plants - are planted according to general rule: to a depth corresponding to two bulbs. Usually snowdrops regulate the planting depth themselves. If they are deepened too much, they form a new bulb on an upward peduncle already at the required distance from the soil surface. When placed shallowly in the soil, the bulbs become smaller, but children quickly form.
About the choice of planting material
It is better to buy bulbs in July-September and plant them in the fall. At this time, the plant is at rest. When purchasing, you need to pay attention to the condition of the planting material. The bulbs should be dense to the touch, with intact shells, without mechanical damage or putrefactive manifestations. If they have overgrown roots and stems, this will require prompt planting. Small (dried and not affected by mold) cuts on the scales of the onion are acceptable, but there should be no damage to the bottom. Considered viable planting material with the top cut off but the bottom intact. You should not purchase broken or crumpled bulbs - they may have internal damage or areas of rot. It is impossible to grow a good snowdrop from such planting material. The Red Book does not give recommendations on the cultivation of species, it only determines the status and area of growth. The most favorable conditions for breeding will be exactly where the natural habitat is located.
Galanthus bulbs do not tolerate prolonged drying. No need to keep them on outdoors More than a month. If the time for planting has not yet arrived, then the bulbs must be sprinkled with sawdust or small shavings and placed in a cotton bag or perforated bag. plastic bag. The shelf life will last 2-3 months.
Feeding
While the snowdrop is actively growing, it needs liquid fertilizing with inorganic potassium phosphate fertilizers without nitrogen, which can cause excessive leaf growth. Potassium is needed for the formation of healthy winter-hardy bulbs, and phosphorus is necessary for flowering. Active growth requires a lot of water. Usually watering is not needed, but if suddenly the spring is dry, then the grower will have to provide the plant with moisture. Watering small bulbous plants is not burdensome - they are very resistant to drought and will not die, but will not be tall. No maintenance is required until the end of the season.
So, easy care of the unpretentious plant will bring joy to gardeners and preserve the snowdrop. The Red Book is needed as a document that controls its protection.
Everyone knows whose photo is even in the children's primer. It's small beautiful plant first to come to life after winter. First it produces a couple of leaves, and very soon it blooms with white bells with drooping heads. He is not afraid of winter frosts or snow. And if numerous white bells cover the carpet, it is a sure sign that spring is coming. It's about approaching warm days It is the snowdrop flower that warns us.
Description
Scientifically, this plant is called galanthus. It belongs to the genus of perennial herbs from the Amaryllis family, which unites eighteen subspecies. The plant is most common in the Crimea, the Caucasus and the Most species - about sixteen - are found in the Caucasus.
No one names the exact number of varieties of this plant. The snowdrop flower, so beloved by us, the photo of which even children will recognize, is a low herbaceous plant with two linear leaves up to twenty centimeters long. They come out immediately, simultaneously with the flower stalks.
Single, drooping bells have a white perianth consisting of six leaflets. The outer three are elliptical or obovate, while the inner ones are wedge-shaped and have a green spot at the top. Snowdrop is a flower with a pleasant, but very weak scent. It has round, fleshy fruits in the form of a box with three compartments. They contain a few black seeds. The latter have a succulent appendage to attract ants, which take them away and thus spread the plants.
The snowdrop flower has ovoid or conical bulbs, which are a compact group of modified leaves planted on one common base.
Landing
The best time to plant this plant is from July to September. If there is a long warm autumn, planting can be extended until early November. Today, on the market, the snowdrop flower is often sold in bloom, but this is not entirely correct, because as soon as the planting material is in the ground, its leaves wither and turn yellow, and soon die off altogether. And although the bulb remains alive, it can be weakened. True, on next year such a plant blooms weakly or does not bloom at all, although it does not die.
Peculiarities
Galanthus bulbs do not tolerate drying. They cannot be kept in the air for more than a month, but if it is not possible to plant them in the ground, they should be sprinkled with sawdust or shavings and placed in a plastic bag. Planting bulbs is carried out according to the following rule: they are placed in loose soil at a depth equal to two bulbs, and in heavy soil at a depth equal to one bulb. But in any case, you cannot plant snowdrops deeper than five centimeters.
Snowdrop is a flower that itself regulates the depth of germination of its root system. If it is planted too deep, it forms a new bulb on the peduncle, but at the required depth.
Growing
First spring Flower- snowdrop loves shaded but sun-warmed places and soil with good drainage. When transplanting wild species, you need to choose a more illuminated area. This culture is winter-hardy, which is not surprising. After all, the first snowdrop is a flower that breaks right out from under the snow. In autumn, galanthus should be covered with a small layer of loose compost.
You need to be careful when feeding this crop. Snowdrops do not tolerate fresh manure, so complex mineral fertilizers are most suitable for them.
These plants are bred for floral decoration of areas. They look very beautiful in large groups, both in rock gardens and as carpets - under bushes and trees in light partial shade. Some landscape designers use snowdrops to create white lawns in the middle of lawns.
Kinds
The Amaryllidaceae family includes eighteen species. The most common of them is the white snowdrop. His homeland is the forests of the Carpathians. The flower reaches fifteen centimeters in height. This species also includes Viridapisis, which blooms in February, Lutescens, which has an identifying mark - yellow spot, as well as terry Flora Pleno, Pusi Green Tip, Ophelia and many others.
Another species is the Elwes snowdrop, native to Asia. It, unlike previous varieties, is taller - up to twenty-five centimeters. It has bluish-green wide leaves, large spherical. This is the very first snowdrop. Its flower appears in early February. Today, many Elwes hybrids have been bred, which are distinguished by decorativeness and great endurance. The most popular is the Arnott variety with large flowers that have a fragrant aroma.
Other species such as Galanthus plicatus or Folded, which gave rise to many interesting garden forms, Icarian, which came to us from Greece and today grows beautifully in Krasnaya Polyana in Sochi, as well as snowdrops of Forster, Voronov and many others are widespread in the botanical gardens of our country.
Uncontrolled collection of these wonderful representatives flora led to the fact that many varieties had to be listed in the Red Book. This means that every year it becomes more and more difficult to meet them in their natural environment.
Home care
These flowers can be grown not only in the yard, but also at home - in a pot or bowl. The snowdrop, which is the first to bloom among all bulbous plants, produces buds in the middle of winter. To do this, it must be taken out of the room.
Because the we're talking about about a very hardy and cold-loving plant that can survive at temperatures up to ten degrees below zero, it is not difficult to guess that it is warm room will die. Therefore, during flowering, you need to keep the snowdrop in a very cold room.
Conditions for growing at home
Two months after planting should be kept in complete darkness. Then he will need to completely exclude direct sunlight.
The optimal temperature for the bulb in the dark is about zero degrees, and during flowering - a maximum of 10°C, otherwise the plant will die.
After planting the bulb, the soil should be thoroughly moistened and then left alone, without watering, until the pot is moved to light. After this, it is necessary to maintain soil moisture by watering twice a week.
Snowdrops cannot be sprayed. Moreover, during flowering they need good ventilation, and when it ends, you need to cut off the wilted heads and let the leaves die naturally. If the plants have been fed, they need to be transplanted into open ground. Otherwise, they will not bloom again in the same pot.
The best species to grow at home is Galantus nivalis - a common snowdrop that blooms from mid-winter to April. Today, unfortunately, you can rarely find this flower in an apartment or even in a garden. And in vain! After all, even when winter still reigns all around, you can be sure that its days are numbered, when from under the snow, crawling through dead wood, a snowdrop flower appears on the site, and when it grows at home in a pot, then the “weather” is good and the mood in the family secured.
