For a user uninitiated in capital construction, it is unlikely that it will be known what a Mauerlat is, what role it plays in the construction of the structure, and so on. Therefore, the question of how the Mauerlat is attached to aerated concrete generally causes misunderstanding.
However, the use of such technology is a relevant and very effective solution. With its help, you can solve a number of significant problems that can reduce the durability and strength of the structure.
It is also necessary to mention more economical option implementation of the specified fastening method. If it is necessary to fasten the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt, then in this case it is not a continuous armored belt that is poured, but concrete pads are made in in the right places. This type of fastening for foam blocks is also quite reliable.
2.3 Metal studs
In the presence of small house, as well as a little pressure from the roof, to fasten the cinder block walls to the Mauerlat beam, you can use a lightweight method - metal pins embedded in the wall. These are steel fasteners in the form of bolts with a base in the form of a square with sides more than 5 cm.
If, when laying cinder blocks, studs are embedded in the wall, they must be installed one or two rows before the top edge. The length of the pin should be sufficient to pass through the beam.
Subsequent commit similar to fastening a Mauerlat with a cinder block using anchor bolts.
2.4 Waterproofing during installation
Having decided on the method of fastening, it is necessary to calculate the fastening elements and their location. If it is necessary to fix the Mauerlat to the gas block without an armored belt, then the first option is suitable - steel wire.
Attaching the Mauerlat to aerated concrete is quite simple. Careful preparation of all components plays a primary role: wooden beams, fastening elements, reinforcement cage, reliable waterproofing. Let's look at the order of work.
Attaching the Mauerlat to aerated concrete
Before directly attaching the Mauerlat, you should prepare the base. Reinforcing belt – required condition when arranging the roof, if the walls are made of aerated concrete or any similar material.
The reinforced concrete strapping belt prevents the pushing of aerated concrete blocks and allows the dynamic and static forces coming from the roof to be evenly distributed completely over the wall area.
Arrangement of a reinforcing belt
The minimum size of the concrete tape is 200x150 m. It is attached with inner surface walls.
Installation steps:
- construct formwork around the perimeter of the house. The gables must be treated;
- u-shaped blocks create a reinforced concrete belt;
- A frame is assembled from reinforcement 10 mm thick. The reinforcement should protrude by 4 cm;
- To rigidly fasten the Mauerlt to the aerated concrete, threaded studs are installed at intervals of 1 m. Their diameter is 14mm;
- the blocks are filled with concrete grade M-200;
- After a week, you can remove parts of the formwork and attach the Mauerlat.
Important: at the stage of preparation for the start of work, builders are required to calculate the number of studs and the future distance between them. Attachment points wooden structure to the rafters and the connection points with the reinforcing belt should be located in different places. Check that the number rafter legs and the studs were the same.
Preparing a wooden structure
The beams are treated before installation antiseptics, preventing wood rotting. A log or beam with a cross-section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm is wrapped in waterproofing material. Bitumen-polymer waterproofing material is suitable for this purpose. Ruberoid is not used.
High-quality materials will allow you to create robust construction. The tree should not have knots or cracks. Humidity must be appropriate building regulations.
If the developer uses “raw” wood, it should be possible adjust the anchor nut.
This operation is performed once a year for 5 years. During this period, intensive shrinkage of wet wood occurs. As the beams dry, you will have to tighten the nut less and less.
In this photo you can clearly see one of the ways to attach the Mauerlat to aerated concrete walls.
How to properly attach the Mauerlat to aerated concrete?
Use an anchor with a washer and nut. Anchor shape: T- and L-shaped. Thread: M12 or M14. According to international building codes, in earthquake-prone areas the distance between adjacent anchors should not exceed 1 - 1.2 m.
Mechanical type of fastener
Procedure:
- dowels are inserted into the prepared holes;
- screw in the fastening element;
- the teeth of the harpoon are firmly pressed into the aerated concrete;
- the surface expands;
- the structure is securely fixed.
Great option Installing a Mauerlat on aerated concrete has only one drawback - high cost. 1 anchor and a special dowel with a harpoon costs more than 3 thousand rubles.
Another video on how to attach the Mauerlat to aerated concrete.
Mauerlat installation
Another method is used to firmly secure the Mauerlat in aerated concrete walls. Will need capsule with chemical . Its cost is much lower - 150 rubles. for a unit.
Reliable fixation of the structure is achieved through the penetration of chemicals into the pores of the material. Additionally, the concrete surface receives heat and waterproofing.
Final stage
After installing the Mauerlat on aerated concrete, proceed to installation of truss structure. There are two ways.
First option
- the boards are cut to 1/3 of the board depth;
- nails and metal corners will allow you to securely fasten the rafters;
- nails (2 pcs.) are hammered crosswise from the sides;
- an additional nail is driven in from above;
- The fastening angles finally secure the joint.
Second option
- cutting is not done in the rafters;
- a special support block is hemmed from below, resting on the Mauerlat;
- nails are driven in as in the first option.
The support beam has a length of 1 m. The second option is suitable for rafters that have a low height.
Fastening the tie beam can only be done after accurate calculations and preparation quality materials. Purchasing bars of inadequate quality from high humidity may lead to damage to the strength of the structure.
To attach the Mauerlat to aerated concrete wall use anchors with special dowels or a chemical installation method. Be sure to follow thermal insulation of a reinforcing belt made of extruded polystyrene foam.
Compliance with the requirements will allow you to securely fasten the Mauerlat and create a strong rafter structure.
Mauerlat is a special wooden, less often metal, structural element roofs. Necessary for uniform distribution of roof pressure on load-bearing supports, as well as for attaching the rafter frame to a wall made of aerated concrete. The reliability and durability of the entire structure depends on how accurate and strong the connection of the support is.
Mauerlat should be properly made from logs or timber measuring at least 10x10 cm, treated with aseptic solutions, dried, without cracks or knots. If raw wood is used, then a prerequisite is the presence of an adjusting anchor nut, which must subsequently be tightened once a year for 5 years in a row.
It is rarely allowed to use a channel or beam for construction, but in this case the rafters must be metal, and the load on the aerated concrete increases significantly, and reinforced fastenings are mainly needed, and the cost of such a project will not fit into every budget.
Mounting Guide
Initially, to uniformly distribute pressure on the building frame, a reinforced concrete strapping belt is constructed to avoid pushing through the aerated concrete. It is a concrete strip measuring 20x15 cm, running along the entire perimeter of the aerated concrete wall.
The reinforcing belt is constructed according to the following scheme:
- Assembling formwork along the top of the wall.
- Placing U-shaped blocks inside a timber frame.
- Reinforcement with 10 mm rods.
- Installation of threaded studs with a diameter of 14 mm in the reinforcement frame for reliable installation of the Mauerlat at a distance of 1 m from each other.
- Filling forms concrete mortar brand M-200.
An important point in the fastening preparation technology is the calculation of the number of studs and their location. The number of rafter legs and fasteners must be the same. Install them in such a way that they do not intersect with the junction of the Mauerlat with rafter system. The height is selected taking into account the size of the beam plus 4 cm.
After a week, the formwork is removed and the belt is ready for further work. The fasteners are embedded in concrete, connecting with the reinforcement cage, ensuring the most reliable connection of the possible. A beam is placed on the studs, and the attachment points are imprinted on the latter with blows of a sledgehammer. Holes are drilled required diameter. The Mauerlat fits tightly onto the fasteners and is secured with washers and nuts.
There are options when, instead of a reinforcing belt, a so-called monolithic pillow is assembled. Its length, as a rule, is no more than 40 cm, and also contains a reinforcement frame with a tied anchor, filled concrete mixture. This feature is typical mainly for brick walls.
How to properly attach the Mauerlat without an armored belt?
If the construction of a reinforcing belt is practically impossible, then fastening to the wall one-story house from aerated concrete is carried out without it.
There are several types of fasteners that you can do yourself using:
- steel wire;
- anchors;
- hairpins;
- dowels
Also, subsequent fastening of the Mauerlat to aerated concrete can be carried out in two ways:
1. Mechanical - using threaded bolts M 12-14 and dowels with special harpoons. After screwing the elements into the base, the dowel parts expand into cellular blocks aerated concrete, firmly setting inside. Negative side This method means the high cost of hardware.
2. Chemical - special capsules with an adhesive composition made of polymer resin are used. This option is more affordable. The essence of the method is that the chemical reagent, spreading in the pores of aerated concrete, firmly grasps the metal rod with the wall. In this case, the prepared hole should be 2-3 layers of masonry deep.
A chemical anchor provides a more durable connection compared to a mechanical one. These are suitable for use in thin-walled structures, as they do not expand. Thus, additional hydro- and thermal insulation of aerated concrete is provided. The only drawback– impossibility of carrying out if necessary welding work, due to the destruction of the polymer resin under the influence of high temperatures.
The best fastening option without an armored belt and the simplest is steel wire. IN in this case The scheme of action is as follows: 3-4 rows of blocks before the edge of the wall, it is folded in half and threaded under the bricks so that the ends come out freely. The length of the string is calculated with a margin so that it is enough to pass through drilled holes in the timber at a distance of 25-30 cm and twist them together as tightly as possible. The number of strappings must correspond to the number of rafters.
Anchoring is used in the absence of a reinforcing belt, but is most often used in conjunction with its construction. Then the installation technology will differ in the replacement of concrete studs with the installation of anchors with harpoon dowels after the mortar has set, or with a tie into the reinforcement frame.
Stud fastening is performed when the structure and roof small sizes and the pressure on the support does not imply large loads. This process is carried out independently using bolts or special metal L-shaped or T-shaped rods with a length of at least 1 m and a diameter of 8-24 mm. Such steel elements are embedded into the wall 2-3 rows of masonry to the top edge.
Important: the rod is deepened by an amount equal to two heights of the Mauerlat. After the masonry hardens, the beam is put on and tightened with nuts to the aerated concrete.
The instructions for attaching the support with dowels imply the use of wooden plugs pre-treated with moisture-proofing agents. Such devices are mounted into a wall made of aerated concrete or secured under the beam itself. The Mauerlat is fixed with metal brackets. The number of fasteners must be equal to the number of rafters.
Tips and general instructions
1. creation of an additional axis of rigidity;
2. preventing deformation and disruption of the geometry of the structure during seasonal shrinkage;
3. leveling the surface of the walls horizontally, for example, when the masonry is uneven;
4. uniform distribution of static load on the building frame.
When using studs and anchors, it is important to properly prepare the holes. Verify the strict vertical for reliable fixation. Especially for chemical method fastenings, where after drilling, thorough cleaning and rinsing of holes is necessary for better setting of the reagent. In some cases, a drill creates a cone-shaped extension for entry more adhesive mass and, accordingly, a more durable connection.
One of important conditions: before attaching the wooden support, waterproofing made of bitumen-polymer material is laid. Ruberoid in this case is used less often, as well as polyethylene film. The fact is that when the materials wood and concrete come into contact, an active process of rotting of the wooden component occurs. Because of this, it is recommended to lay the Mauerlat with modern waterproofing materials in two layers.
Construction work roofing system, it is quite problematic to securely fasten a structure to a wall made of aerated concrete yourself, especially in the absence of proper experience in construction. Therefore, it is better to entrust this kind of undertaking, starting with the design of the future roof, to professional contractors.
The Mauerlat is attached to aerated concrete or foam concrete, as a rule, using a reinforcing belt located in the upper part of the wall structures. It is this that becomes the support for the Mauerlat and provides greater strength to the entire house.
Why do you need an armored belt?
As is known, aerated concrete is characterized by high sensitivity to local loads. That is, if the permissible pressure of the drill used to create holes in the block is exceeded, there is a high probability that it will become cracked or even crack. To prevent such changes, an armored belt is installed; it also helps to avoid sliding and deformation of the blocks, which is caused by uneven pressure of the total weight.
What you need to know
The functions of the Mauerlat are to connect the frame of the building and also to distribute the load along all walls. Mostly wood is used to make fasteners. The best option is a timber made of hardwood, the surface of which is coated with an antiseptic composition.
It is desirable that the fastening of the Mauerlat to the aerated concrete wall be continuous along the entire perimeter of the wall structures. For fixation individual elements a straight lock of suitable size is used. To ensure rigidity, nails are driven in; as a result, the beams form a single system for installing rafters, connected to adjacent elements. The bars must be with inside masonry, while there should be at least 5-6 cm to the outside. To support the Mauerlat, a brick parapet is made along the outer edge of the wall, the individual parts of which are fastened with a direct lock.
Methods for attaching Mauerlat to aerated concrete walls
It is possible to use several techniques suitable for different conditions:
- fixation with studs built into the masonry;
- anchoring based on armored belt;
In the latter option, the wire is laid between the bricks so that the middle part is located under them, and external sides were outside. The length should be sufficient to freely thread through the beam and then tighten it. The number of strappings must correspond to the number of rafters. Using metal wire, the Mauerlat is then secured to the wall.
Reinforced belt
Fastening the Mauerlat to aerated concrete with an armored belt is the most preferable, since the blocks have an insufficiently dense structure and the difficulty of installing fasteners of any kind. It is worth noting the advantages of using a reinforced belt. First of all, this is leveling the upper part of the walls and strengthening the entire structure of the house; when arranging it, clamps for the Mauerlat are created in advance. The easiest way to implement it is to use U-shaped block elements in the form of a gutter along the perimeter of the external wall structures, and there should be no interruptions. Next, a cut is formed on the corner parts. To assemble the frame, reinforcement with transverse bridges is used, then it is laid in a gutter, followed by pouring concrete mixture. To ensure solidity, the mass is poured in one go. Before that on reinforced belt anchors with wire are secured. Careful level matching is of particular importance. The studs are also fixed on the frame along a line in accordance with the tensioned cord, in a vertical position. Just as in the case of use, the number of rafter legs and anchor clamps must match. It is necessary to first determine the optimal location of the elements in order to avoid coincidence with the places where the rafters are fixed.
Fastening the Mauerlat to aerated concrete using studs
This option is optimal for small buildings and roofs that have a lightweight structure, when there are no significant loads on the roof and walls. There are two types of studs: these are bolts that form a single structure with a steel square, or elements in the form of an L-shape. They are secured in a course several rows before the top, and the length should be enough for the locknut and the thickness of the bars. The process is similar to the anchor method: the timber is put on studs when the masonry hardens and is fixed with nuts. There are also other methods of attaching the Mauerlat to aerated concrete, but they are used less frequently due to their lower reliability.
Sufficient rigidity and reliability of fastening is achieved by tying the bolts to the frame and additionally walling them with concrete. It is enough to put the power plate on the studs and tighten it to the blocks using nuts.
If it is necessary to attach the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt, monolithic plugs and pillows in the walls are used. Their dimensions should be within 400 mm, they are recesses with a structure made of thin reinforcement or metal rods, and it is on this that the anchors are fixed.
Peculiarities
The use of anchors and studs requires preliminary creation of holes. A number of difficulties may arise here. For example, the fasteners may not be level enough, even if a cord and level are used; it is most difficult to work with liquid concrete. First of all, the exact location of the fasteners is set, the points of the upper parts of the bolts are marked on a board with a flat surface, subsequently they are transferred to the Mauerlat, in which the corresponding holes are drilled. Next, the beam is fixed to the wall. The base of the rafters is fixed with bolts; washers and nuts are additionally used.
Fastening the Mauerlat to aerated concrete should be carried out after selecting the fastening method and preliminary planning of the number and locations of the fasteners. First of all, reliable insulation is formed between concrete and wood. This is necessary due to the development of intensive rotting of the wood; to prevent this process, waterproofing material is used, laid in two layers. It can serve as modern options, and the usual ones, such as polyethylene or roofing felt.
When using wire, it is enough to make holes at a distance of no more than 35 cm for all fasteners, thread the wire, and twist the ends in such a way as to obtain the maximum connection between the wall and the Mauerlat.
It is worth noting that they should not be used with an angle grinder, as this tool is not suitable for wood. Failure to comply with this rule may result in injury during operation.
Sliding Mate
The installation of the rafters is carried out after the Mauerlat is tightly secured. Rafter structure can have hinged or rigid fixation, selection suitable option depends on the requirements that must be met by the mounting points of the Mauerlat to aerated concrete, the general configuration and type of structure (hanging or layered).
The hinged version can have different interfaces. The most common is a rigid mount, with no possibility of displacement or rotation. A sliding coupling is also used to ensure the beam moves and rotates in relation to the beam. The latter option reduces thermal expansion of wood and shrinkage of the building, all of which prevents the transfer of thrust loads to wall structures.
Three techniques are used to create a sliding mate:
- the use of a special metal fastener to connect the rafters;
- moving the beam beyond the walls and fixing it with a plate;
- creating a groove in the rafter board and installing it on the mauerlat using a corner, staples or nails.
Hard mating
Concrete and wooden buildings, as well as timber structures, rarely do without it. Due to the fact that both frame and timber houses are characterized by noticeable shrinkage, in the absence of the possibility of simultaneous displacement of the building frame and roof, there is a possibility of significant stress causing damage to the structure of the walls and rafters. To create a rigid connection, support bars with a length of within 1 meter are required, secured to nails and steel corners. with a beam should rest against the structure of the mauerlat in accordance with the pressure line. This helps prevent perpendicular displacements. Angles and nails eliminate lateral movement, and the latter must be driven in at an angle on both sides, so that they intersect in the beam. A third nail is driven through the beam, which should have a vertical direction.
Conclusion
Attaching the Mauerlat to aerated concrete has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account when arranging, in this way problems with the operation of the roof can be prevented. In the absence of experience and relevant knowledge to create a project and subsequent installation of a rafter system, it is advisable to contact professionals who guarantee reliable roof, which long years will protect the house from the cold and atmospheric precipitation. During construction, you should not save at this stage of work, as this may cause additional financial investments and time costs.
