Or ordinary
Trees up to 35 m tall, trunks up to 1 m in diameter with brown-gray, wrinkled bark. The branches are shiny, with a gray coating. The leaves are entire, 5-15 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, elliptical, acute, with an unequal base, double-toothed.
Distributed in Europe. In Siberia there is a small habitat in the upper reaches of the left tributaries of the Tobol. Grows in river floodplains and as part of tree stands on low gentle slopes with deep loamy soils and a close level groundwater together with poplar, various types willows, alders and other species.
Drought-resistant, non-salt-resistant, moderately shade-tolerant, moderately gas-resistant. Grows quickly (the fastest growing of all elms). Life expectancy is up to 400 years.
In TsSBS: tree at 32 years old, 8-12 m tall. It bears fruit from the age of 7, rarely. Winter hardiness 1(2). Moderately demanding of soil moisture and richness.
Blooms in late April-early May. Fruits abundantly in mid-June. Propagates well by seeds sown immediately after harvest, and summer cuttings.
A decorative tree that has long been widely used in culture. Thanks to its impressive size and rapid growth looks great in alley plantings. Well cut and shaped. A honey plant and a source of valuable, original wood. Requires timely pruning, as old branches become very fragile and break easily.
The species is very polymorphic. Its forms are well known:
f. argenteo-vareigata- silvery leaves;
f. rubra- red leaves;
f. incisa- dissected leaves;
f. tiliaefolia- rounded leaves.
All types of elms are certainly present in the design of landscape objects in both modern large cities and small towns. Due to its rapid growth and resistance to environmental conditions, elm is one of the most popular introduced species. In addition, elm, along with poplar, adsorbs a huge amount of harmful emissions in the air. In this regard, it can be recommended for planting in large industrial and administrative areas. Particularly decorative during the autumn yellowing of leaves.
Hornbeam elm (birch bark) 1
, or birch bark
Tree (up to 30 m tall) with a powerful trunk and spherical crown. The bark is initially smooth, greenish-yellow-brown, then ashy and fissured. Young branches have black-brown buds and often with small blackish glands. The leaves are elliptical or oval, asymmetrical, double-serrate, with sharp, upward-curved teeth, they are smooth or slightly woolly, with small red glands along the veins. The flowers are small, on short pedicels, collected in bunches, they are bisexual, with a brownish, simple, bell-shaped, eight-lobed perianth, stamens - 6-8, pistil - 1. The fruit is a broadly obovate-cordate lionfish (15-20 mm long) with a wedge-shaped base and notch at the top; the nut is located in the upper part of the lionfish near the notch. It blooms in April, the fruits ripen in May.
Hornbeam elm is common in the European part of the Russian Federation, Central Asia and the Caucasus. Grows in open flat areas, edges of deciduous forests, along mountain slopes and gorges; along rivers it can form forests and small groves. It rises into the mountains to a height of up to 600 m above sea level.
Wood is used as a valuable material for the production of furniture and plywood. The bast of the tree is used to make ropes and mats. Young shoots dye silk crimson and yellow colors, they are also used for tanning leather. Leaves, branches and buds are used to feed livestock. Hornbeam elm is a good honey plant.
The bark and leaves serve as medicinal raw materials. The bark is harvested when trees are cut down. They take it off special knife or a shovel curved in the shape of a semicircle. The crushed raw materials are dried in the sun and dried in a dryer at a temperature of 60...70 °C. Leaves are collected in the first half of summer in dry weather. Dry in the shade, turning occasionally. Store in bags or closed wooden containers for 2 years.
Elm bark contains triterpenoids (friedelin), steroids (dehydroergosterol, stigmasterol), phenolcarboxylic acids, catechins, tannins and leukoanthocyanidins. Vitamin C, phenolcarboxylic acids, flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol), derivatives of leukopeonidin and leukopelargonidin were found in the leaves.
Hornbeam elm preparations have astringent, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, wound-healing and antimicrobial effects. A decoction of the bark is taken for chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum and diarrhea, including dysentery origin. The decoction, evaporated by half, has long been used in folk medicine for burns, rashes, eczema, purulent and long-healing wounds.
- deciduous tree up to 20-25 m tall with a trunk thickness of up to 40-50 cm. One-year-old shoots are yellowish-gray. The bark is light brown or gray, fissured, peeling off in thin longitudinal plates. Large leaves, especially at the ends of the upper, fruiting branches, give the lobed elm a special decorative appearance. The leaf blades are truncated in the upper part, with 3-5 (7) sharp lobes, (7-20) x (4.5-13) cm, broadly obovate, often unequal at the base, wedge-shaped, double-serrate, rough on both sides, irregularly serrate. The flowers are brown, on pedicels 6-20 mm long. Seeds (lionfish) 1-2 cm long, elliptical, flattened. The nuts are in the center of the lionfish.
Natural range: Russian Far East, Sakhalin, China, Korea, Japan. The western border of the range is in the Amur region (lower reaches of the Bureya River). It grows in mixed forests of the foothills and on mountain slopes, rising to a height of 600-700 m above sea level. seas. Prefers soils of medium richness and moisture. Shade-tolerant. Not salt tolerant. Growth is slow. Durability is about 230 years.
In Novosibirsk (CSBS): grows well and bears fruit, occasionally freezing at a young age. Easily restored. At the age of 30 years it reaches a height of 8 m. Winter hardiness 1. At 11 years the height is about 5 m, bears fruit.
Propagated by seeds, which must be sown immediately after harvest, and by summer cuttings.
Decorative tree, first of all, thanks to large beautiful leaves. Recommended for single and group plantings, especially in places protected from the wind.
Squat elm (elm)
, or short- deciduous tree 6-15 m tall, sometimes a tall shrub. The bark of the trunks is deeply fissured, gray. The leaves are entire, 1.5-5(7) cm, from ovate to lanceolate, rounded at the base, almost isosceles. Flowers are 2-3 mm long, collected in 10-25 pieces. Seeds (lionfish) 0.7-2 cm, round.
Natural range: Southern Transbaikalia, Russian Far East, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan. It grows along river valleys as part of floodplain forests, on steppe rocky mountain slopes, on sands, and forms open forests on steppe rocky mountain slopes. In dry habitats it forms small (2-3 m) trees. Does not tolerate heavy, damp soils.
In Novosibirsk, winter hardiness is 1(2). Drought resistant. Salt resistant. Relatively light-loving. Gas resistant. It is not picky about soil fertility and moisture and tolerates mild soil salinity. Growth is fast.
It blooms from late April until the leaves bloom. Fruits in open habitats from 6-7 years, in mid-June. The seeds ripen in the first half of June.
Propagated by seeds, which must be sown immediately after harvest, by summer cuttings, and root suckers.
Forms many intraspecific forms, one of which Ulmus pinnato-ramosa, was described as an independent species and is currently widely used in landscaping the cities of Siberia. Easily crosses in nature with Japanese elm, forming numerous transitional hybrid forms.
It has long been known in culture. Actively used in green construction. Grows quickly. It tolerates the most severe cutting and pruning at any age, which allows you to create borders and hedges of any height from it and form a variety of crowns - spherical, conical, etc. Due to its rapid renewal after fires, it is indispensable for creating protective forest belts. Hedges made of squat elm should be located at a considerable distance from cultural plantings, otherwise it will drown them out with its long roots.
The disadvantage of this species (as well as other types of elm) is its damage harmful insects and diseases.
Recommended for widespread use in landscaping in single and group plantings and when creating alleys. Dense tent-like, sometimes weeping crowns add decorative value to the trees.
mountain elm, or rough
A tree up to 30 m high and up to 2 m in diameter with a dense, wide-cylindrical crown with a rounded top. The bark is brown, deeply riddled with cracks. The leaves are elliptical or oblong-obovate, 8-15 cm long.
Female flowers are collected in axillary bunches and sit on short pedicels. Male anthers are purple. Flowers appear in March or April. The fruit is an oval or obovate lionfish, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. At first it is pubescent, then becomes bare, with a small notch at the end and in the center with a seed. The plant bears fruit in May-June.
ECOLOGY. Rough elm grows in mixed deciduous forests on hills and mountains, from the oak forest belt to the lower border of coniferous forests, at an altitude of 400 to 1300 m above sea level. The tree does not need very much light; it grows well in fresh, crumbly and deep soils.
SPREADING. From Northern Spain to Scandinavia and Ural mountains- in the north and east through Italy and Greece to the Caucasus and Turkish Cilicia.
APPLICATION. Mountain elm does not give much good wood, which is still used in construction work. But this is one of the main trees, together with birch bark (elm), used, although less frequently than elm, for landscaping.
SIMILAR SPECIES. Elm differs from mountain elm in the base of the leaf, which is much less developed on one side and does not cover the petiole, and in the number of lateral veins (7-12 in elm, 12-18 in mountain elm).
- deciduous tree (less often a shrub) up to 15-30 m tall, with gray bark. Young shoots are grayish-brown, often with corky growths. The leaves are highly variable. The most characteristic are obovate, unequally lateral at a wedge-shaped base, unequally serrated, with curved teeth drawn upward, bare, shiny, often rough. The leaves are simple, entire, (2-12) x (1-6) cm, dark green above, glabrous, light green below, pubescent. In autumn orange-yellow, brown. The flowers are bisexual, in bunches. It blooms for about 10 days at the end of April, usually before the leaves bloom, in May-early June. The fruits are brown winged nuts. It bears fruit from 8-10 years, in May-late June. The seeds ripen in the second half of May-early June and remain viable for 3-6 months.
Natural range: Eastern Siberia, Russian Far East, foreign Asia. Grows in coniferous-deciduous and broad-leaved forests, in floodplains and on low gentle slopes with deep fertile soils with a close level of groundwater, together with black poplar, various types of willow and alder. In the mountains and on rocky areas it occurs as a shrub.
In Novosibirsk (CSBS): a tree at 32 years old is 9.0-10.5 m tall. Fruits from 8-12 years, rarely, abundantly. Winter hardiness 1(4). Moderately demanding of soil moisture and richness. Drought-resistant, medium shade-tolerant. Gas-resistant, non-salt-resistant. Growth is fast. Durability 200-400 years.
Propagated by seeds, root suckers, summer cuttings. Seeds must be sown immediately after collection.
Particularly decorative during the autumn yellowing of leaves. Individuals with shoots with corky growths are very original.
It has been known in culture for a long time. Is a valuable melliferous and ornamental plant. Easily tolerates haircuts. Recommended for single, group, alley plantings, and for creating hedges. Large trees form dense shade and perfectly capture city dust.
The species is characterized by very strong polymorphism. B.L. Komarov described a number of forms of Japanese elm:
f. laevis-denudata- leaves are bare, branches without cork growths;
f. laevis-suberosa- leaves are bare, shoots with corky growths;
f. scabra-denudata- leaves are sharply rough, shoots without cork growths;
f. scabra-suberosa- leaves are sharply rough, shoots with corky growths;
f. pumila- a shrub with rough leaves and corky growths on the branches;
f. saxatilis- leaves are sharply rough on top and fluffy below, deeply serrated, grows on rocks;
f. puberula- leaves are velvety.
Height: up to 37 m.
Area: East North America(to central Texas).
The trunk of an adult American elm is crowned with a spreading crown of tall, curved branches.
Small, inconspicuous flowers appear in early spring and quickly turn into greenish winged fruits, carried by the wind. In the 20th century Both wild and cultivated stands of these trees have suffered greatly from Dutch elm disease, a fungal infection carried by bark beetles. In the 1930s and 1960s. this disease destroyed millions of elm trees in Europe, and then was brought with a load of wood to North America. As a result, approximately 70% of all elms in the United States have been cut down over the past 30 years. Geneticists are currently trying to develop varieties of these trees that are resistant to Dutch disease.
Ulmus carpinifolia Rupp. ex Suckow = U. minor Mill.
European part of Russia, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Western Europe, North Africa. Found in nature reserves of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Baltic states, and Crimea. Grows in deciduous forests. Light-loving, salt-tolerant mesoxerophyte.
A tree up to 20 m tall, with a spreading dense crown, up to 10 m in diameter, and thin dark brown shoots, with cork growths in the cork-bearing form. The leaves (12 x 7 cm) are dense, dark green, shiny, unequal, varied in shape and size, bare above, with sparse hairs below. In autumn they turn bright yellow. The flowers are small, reddish-red, in spherical bunches. Blooms before the leaves bloom. The fruits are obovate lionfish up to 2 cm.
In GBS since 1938, 2 samples (3 copies) were grown from seeds brought from Uman (Ukraine) and Canada. Tree, at 37 years old, height 18.0 m, trunk diameter 24.7/32.0 cm. Grows from 30.IV±7 to 10.X±13 for 162 days. In the first 3 years the growth rate is average. Blooms from l.V±8 to 1 l.V±4 for 10 days. It bears fruit from the age of 28, the fruits ripen 3.V1+3. Weight of 1000 seeds is 4-11 g. Full winter hardiness. 33% of cuttings take root. Decorative. Used in landscaping in Moscow.
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Ulmus minor f.wredei Photo by EDSR. |
 Ulmus carpinifolia f. wredei Photo by Anna Petrovicheva |
 Ulmus minor "Argenteovariegata" Photo of Green Line company |
Winter-hardy in forest-steppe and steppe zones. Young shoots may freeze. These trees are for the southern regions of Russia. It is undemanding to the soil, but grows well only in moist, deep and nutritious soil. Tolerates slight salinity. Gas resistant. Withstands urban conditions well. It cuts perfectly and holds its artificially given shape well. Forms dense hedges. Under favorable conditions it lives up to 300 years, in urban conditions - most often up to 50 years. Used in gardens and parks, in groups or masses in combination with other species, in street plantings. The forms are used in the design of public gardens, singly and in small groups; the typical form is good for dense hedges and walls. In culture since 1880.
Seed quality is up to 80%, soil germination is up to 40%. The optimal sowing depth is 0.5 cm.
The main decorative forms differ from the typical crown structure, outline and color of the leaves: Webba (hooded)(f. Webbiana) - with a narrow pyramidal crown and original leaves, dark green above, shiny, ashy below, the leaf along the entire length is rolled up in the form of a hood, the upper side inward, the lower side outward; Dampierre(f. Dampieri) - with a narrow pyramidal crown and broadly ovate leaves, deeply double-toothed, crowded on short branches; Koopman(f. Koopmannii) - a beautiful tree with a dense ovoid-oval crown; pyramidal (Cornish elm)(f. cornubiensis) - with a narrow pyramidal crown, ascending branches and dark green, smooth top foliage, comes from southwestern England; weeping(f. pendula) - with thin, drooping branches; spherical(f. umbraculifera) - with a dense, regular, rounded crown, with small ovate-elliptical leaves, often slightly wavy on top; graceful(f. gracilis) - similar to the spherical shape, but with smaller branches and leaves; golden(f. aurea) - with golden leaves; Wangutta(f. Vanhouttei) - with yellow leaves; silver-motley(f. argenteo-marginata) and broadleaf silver-variegated(f. latifolia argenteo-marginata) - leaves are dotted with white spots and stripes; purplish(f. purpurascens) - with small (2-3 cm) purple leaves; purple(f. purpurea) - with dark purple leaves.
"Dicksonii". A very slow growing medium sized tree with bright golden yellow leaves. This form is not affected by Dutch elm disease.
Vrede(f. Wredei, synonym "Dampieri Aurea"). Upright, narrow-conical or ovoid tree, slow-growing; it has wide, up to 6 cm long (however smaller than the original species), golden-yellow leaves with a wavy edge. But they are this color only in summer; in spring they are light green. The leaves are located on short vertical branches.
Garden forms and varieties are less winter-hardy than the main species and require protected places.
Far East, Japan, China
Habitat:
deciduous montane forests
Sizes and growth forms:
life form:
treedeciduous
monoecious
- up to 18 m;
- in Moscow at 35 years old - 9 m
crown shape:
wide-cylindrical, rounded at the top
The soil:
pH:
from acidic to alkaline
mechanical composition of the soil:
any soilPlanting and propagation:
optimal planting times:
spring, autumn
methods of reproduction:
seeds, green cuttingsFeatures of seed propagation:
- freshly harvested seeds germinate poorly due to the presence of inhibitors in the pericarp; mature seeds devoid of pericarp germinate quickly and completely in water, and immature seeds - slowly;
- cold stratification for 1 month and soaking seeds in a gibberellin solution strongly stimulates the germination of seeds without pericarp
vegetative propagation:
rooting rate of cuttings - 20% when treated with Kornevin
Winter hardiness:
main view:
completely winter-hardy
winter hardiness zone
Decorative:
Decoration season:
Spring Summer AutumnPeak decorativeness:
at the beginning of fruiting, in autumn color
Decorative properties:
crown shape, leavesBranches (bark color, shape):
young branches are gray or yellowish
Leaves:
alternate, large, with apex elongated into a pointed point or with 3-5 (7) pointed lobes
Summer color of leaves (needles):
Autumn color of leaves (needles):
Flowering time:
in Moscow it blooms in early May for 6 days
Fruiting dates:
the fruits ripen in the first half of June
Peculiarities:
frost resistance, shade tolerance, resistance to urban conditions, wind resistance
Trees of the genus elms (or, as they are less commonly called, elms) belong to the deciduous Elm family. They grow in abundance in areas Western Europe, in the Volga region, in the southern part of European Russia, in the south of the Urals, in Central Asia, in the Caucasus.
It has been established that elms separated into an independent genus, consisting of several dozen species, approximately 40 million years ago. Some species are more often called elm, birch bark, and in the areas of distribution of Turkic languages, small-leaved and squat elms are called “elm”. The most common type is the common or smooth elm.
Elm found its reflection in cultures of various ethnic groups. Our ancestors believed that the branches of this tree bring good luck and endow the traveler with strength and courage. In Christianity, it symbolizes human dignity. For many other peoples, the elm was a symbol of motherhood, birth and new life. In Britain, an elm branch along with grapevine is a symbol of lovers.
Popular types
The following types of elm tree are described.
Hornbeam
Hornleaf elm is found in Central Asia, the Caucasus, Europe and North Africa. This is a light-loving deciduous tree, but it also grows in the shade without any problems. Reaches in height twenty-five meters, the maximum diameter of its crown is ten meters.
Elms are characterized by a high growth rate and tolerate pruning well, making these trees well suited for forming hedges. They will look great on a well-kept lawn. By appearance go well with bird cherry, rowan, as well as apple and cherry trees.
The biological description of this species is as follows. Corky growths sometimes appear on dark brown branches. Large pointed leaves, are smooth on top, and their underside is covered with delicate pile. Dark green in summer period the foliage changes color to bright yellow in autumn. Even before the leaves appear, they bloom small flowers, collected in bunches.
They are unpretentious and can withstand frost and drought very well. When grown in favorable climatic conditions, their age can be up to three hundred years. Hornbeam elm is used medicinally. It is used to prepare diuretics and antiseptics. Its bark has the ability to slow down the absorption of cholesterol. Decoction of elm bark They also treat burns and some skin diseases.
Hornleaf elm prefers rich, moist soil. For active, high-speed growth, it requires periodic watering and fertilization, for example, adding lime to the soil, which has a beneficial effect on the tree.
- Nutritious, moist soil is better suited;
- if natural moisture is insufficient, trees require watering;
- Periodically, elms should be fertilized with lime.
Smooth
Smooth elm also sometimes called common and large-leaved. Distributed throughout Europe. It grows up to twenty, and in rare cases up to forty meters in height. It has a wide crown with a diameter of up to twenty meters. The trunk of such an elm is straight, with a diameter of up to one and a half meters. The bark covering young shoots is smooth, but with age it becomes rougher, cracks and begins to flake off. Large leaves have a pointed or ovoid shape. The upper side of the leaf is dark green, the lower side has a lighter shade. In autumn the foliage changes color to brownish purple. Small brown flowers bloom in spring.
These plants are characterized by a developed root system. In mature trees, thick roots can protrude from the trunk to a height of up to half a meter above the ground. The tree grows quickly, and its lifespan can sometimes be four hundred years. Tolerates drought well, but prefers moist soil. It tolerates short-term flooding without any difficulties.
The common elm tree has a dense, durable wood, but quite easy to process. This tree is widely used in the production of furniture and other carpentry. Elm does not rot in water, which is why in the Middle Ages it was used to make water pipes and supports for piers and bridges. Smooth elm bark was used in tanning leather.
Elm is also of great benefit in urban areas - its leaves can retain a much larger amount of dust than other trees. Thanks to their extensive root system, elms are well suited for strengthening the soil on the sides of ravines and on cliffs.
Androsova
Androsova elm is an artificially obtained hybrid of squat and dense elms. In height mature tree can reach twenty meters. It has a dense spherical crown, thanks to which it provides good shade. Covered with bark gray. The leaves, like those of many elms, according to the description, have an ovoid or pointed shape.
Often grows in moist soils, but can easily tolerate droughts . Forms many side shoots, thanks to which it perfectly captures dust in city conditions. The crown of this tree lends itself well to shaping, which allowed the elm to become one of the most popular garden plants.
Under the canopy of elm crowns they grow well shade-loving perennial ornamental plants:
- Wolfsbane (Wrestler);
- Bell;
- Buzulnik Przhevalsky;
- catchment;
- Saxifraga;
- Asparagus;
- Ferns;
- Astilbe.
Thick
Dense elm is rare in nature, mainly in Central Asia. This large tree can reach a height of up to thirty meters. Its developed crown has a pyramidal shape and provides excellent dense shade. Young branches are covered light brown or grayish bark that darkens over time. The leaves are medium-sized, no more than seven centimeters in length, characteristic ovoid.
This elm is unpretentious, frost- and drought-resistant, but grows better in moist soils. The hardy tree tolerates gas pollution well.
Bladed
Lobed elm is also called cutting or mountain elm. Found in the Far East, including Japan and China. This is a characteristic type of wood for deciduous and mixed forests. It can be found in mountain forests at altitudes up to two kilometers. Usually it grows no higher than thirty meters.
The tree, covered with grayish or grayish-brown bark, has a wide crown of a cylindrical or rounded shape. Large leaves are pointed at the top. Sometimes they are divided into 3-5 pointed lobes. The plant tolerates well unfavourable conditions environment.
Cirrus-branched
In the regions of the Volga region, Southern Urals, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, this tree is called pinnately branched elm. Often grows on mountain slopes, pebble and sandy soils. Prefers places with high insolation. It can grow up to twenty-five meters in height. The crown is extensive, spreading, but due to the small size of the leaves it provides weak shade.
Its small leaves are arranged in 2 rows, visually giving the impression of large feathery leaves, which determined the name of the species. The plant tolerates cold well, easily tolerates drought and can survive in difficult soils, including saline ones. It has high speed growth, but reaches its maximum possible growth height only in favorable conditions: in a warm climate on moist soils. It takes root and grows in urban environments without problems. The crown lends itself well to shaping.
David
Distributed in the Far East, Mongolia, China, Japan and Korea. It can grow as a bush or as a tree up to fifteen meters high. It has leaves, pointed at the ends, of medium, elm-sized, ovoid shape. David's elm has a variety - "Japanese", which is sometimes distinguished in independent species. The oldest of these elms grows in Korea, its age is about eight centuries.
Small
The small elm has many different names- birch bark, karaich, cork, red or field. Distribution area: Western and Eastern Europe(including the European part of Russia), Asia Minor. Characteristic of deciduous and mixed forests along river banks and even in mountainous areas.
Depending on conditions, the tree can have a height of ten to thirty meters. The crown starts almost from the ground. Leaves widen towards the pointed end . Lifespan of this tree can be up to four hundred years. Elm prefers well-lit places, easily tolerates drought, but, unlike many types of elm, is poorly adapted to low temperatures. Distinctive feature This type is a wide network of roots protruding above the surface of the earth.
Its root network can significantly reduce the impact of erosion. Because of this, small elm is often used to create protective forest belts.
Large-fruited
This species is found in the Far East (including Mongolia, China and Korea). It is found on river banks and mountain slopes. Can be a shrub or tree tall up to eleven meters, the crown is developed, spreading. The trunk and old branches are covered with gray, brown, sometimes yellowish bark. The foliage is large, shiny, rough on top and smooth below.
The species got its name because of its large fruits compared to other elms. The species is thermophilic and does not tolerate frost. But it has the highest drought resistance. It is actively used to secure the walls of quarries, embankments and cliffs.
Rough
Rough or mountain elm, characteristic of European, North American and Asian deciduous and mixed forests. This is a large tree up to forty meters high with a lush spreading crown and smooth brown bark. It has large ovate leaves with a jagged edge, covered with hard hair underneath.
This species is very demanding on the soil: it prefers rich and sufficiently moist soil, and does not take root in saline soils. Frost-resistant, easily tolerates drought and urban conditions. The wood of the rough elm is extremely hard.
American
Its homeland is North America. It was artificially introduced to Europe back in the eighteenth century, but did not gain popularity, since local tree species are of higher value.
It often grows on the banks of rivers and lakes, but is also found in drier places. Grows up to thirty, rarely forty meters. The crown has a cylindrical shape, the trunk is covered with light gray scaly bark. The elongated leaves are egg-shaped and medium in size. Frost-resistant.
Areas where elm is used
Thanks to its outstanding qualities elm is used in many sectors of the economy.
Description of elm as a representative of ornamental trees and shrubs
In urban and home gardening, decorative elm is used as fast growing plant, giving shade. IN wildlife it is found in mixed deciduous-coniferous forests and grows up to 40 m. Individual representatives reach 2 m in trunk volume.
General Descriptions
The elm family includes 40 varieties of trees and shrubs. The second name is birch. IN natural nature This tall trees with a powerful root system, the age of which reaches 120–400 years. For landscaping, breeders have bred dwarf and medium-sized representatives, standard ones with different sizes and leaf color.
Source: Depositphotos
Weeping form of decorative elm in landscape gardening
TO general characteristics Elm as a representative of ornamental trees and shrubs includes the following characteristics:
- deciduous and moisture-loving;
- cylindrical or spherical crown;
- leaves with a pattern, up to 20 cm long;
- flowering period - April;
- the flowers are small, collected in bunches;
- decorative varieties are propagated by seeds and grafting.
Fertile, light soils are suitable for planting birch bark. There are sun-loving and shade-tolerant trees, so this feature taken into account when choosing a landing site. Tree pruning is done for sanitary purposes and rarely for decorative purposes. Birch bark grows slowly, so it does not require special care. The crown of the tree is dense and provides good shade, so flower beds are not planted around the trunk.
The best decorative varieties
Decorative varieties of birch bark are bred from wild species. The most popular is small-leaved elm. Its varieties are used in urban landscaping; the most common are:
- "Pendyla" - weeping crown shape with flexible young shoots;
- "Lutescens" - rounded crown, leaves from light green to dark yellow;
- "Fastigiata" - formed in the form of a column.
Among the low-growing representatives of the family, the mountain elm varieties “Campendula” and “Nizkiy” are distinguished by their decorative characteristics. "Campendula" reaches a height of 4 m. The crown is rounded, with long hanging branches. “Low” birch bark grows up to 2 m. It grows slowly, has small openwork leaves.
"Jacqueline Hiller" is grown as a shrub or on a trunk. It reaches a height of 3–3.5 m, adapts equally well to shady and sunny places.
Elms do not tolerate pruning. They can only be trimmed a little. Therefore, each decorative representative has a built-in genetic level a certain crown shape. Therefore, it does not need to be formed. Most tree-like birch barks tolerate cold temperatures down to -30 ° C, so they are grown in different regions of the world from North America to the shores of the southern seas.
