How to make a disc harrow with your own hands. Purpose and advantage of a disc harrow How to make a roller for a disc harrow yourself

The harrow for the walk-behind tractor is attachments, which is used to grind the top layer of soil after plowing or simultaneously with it. A similar device is used in the process of sowing seeds, as well as for leveling the ground after rough cultivation.

However, this unit is used infrequently. This is due to the fact that the majority of walk-behind tractors are of the cultivator type. Due to this, after cultivating the land, there is no need to harrow it. But when larger models are used, it is necessary to use harrows, in particular, after plowing virgin land or green manure. Harrowing with a walk-behind tractor speeds up drying, as well as heating the top layer of soil. This allows for improved absorption from the ground beneficial properties planted plants, which increases the digestibility of fertilizers.

Such devices are divided into three types:

1. Dental
2. Disk
3. Rotary

The harrow is intended for chopping earth

It is worth considering each type separately.

Tooth harrow

The tooth harrow, popular today, consists of several rows of teeth, thanks to which the soil is cultivated along with its loosening and leveling. The differences in such models lie in the different number of teeth. Wide variants with 4 or more toothed rows are usually used.

Their use with walk-behind tractors belonging to the traction category is widespread. These include most models of the Neva brand, as well as MTZ. Such types have high traction with the road, due to which a significant longitudinal force is observed. The harrow is often used after processing the area with a tractor. At the same time, during operation, you can install special springs instead of teeth, which are less likely to break.

Disc harrow

They are active harrows. They are often used together with walk-behind tractors of the cultivator type. For use on traction, it is necessary to construct a special shaft designed for power take-off. The disc harrow allows you to process the soil by cutting it using rotating discs. Such products have different shapes, from regular rectangular to cup-shaped.

The latter are more labor-intensive to design, however, they allow the formation to be wrapped, due to which plowing is partially carried out. Because of this, they are used for shallow early cultivation of the top layer of soil before the emergence of weeds and before sowing potatoes or grain. To improve soil preparation, as well as reduce the level of resistance during formation rotation, the edges of such disks have an uneven shape.

Rotary harrow

Such products are somewhat similar to cultivators and disc models. This is due to the presence of rotating gear elements that cut into the ground and turn over a certain part of it.

The rotary harrow has distinctive feature, which consists in a small depth of soil cultivation, as well as the presence of many working teeth. In this case, the disks are at right angles relative to the axis of rotation. In addition, the teeth have a slight bend. Its radius depends on the coefficient of adhesion that the wheels have with the ground. So, with increasing slip, the bending of the teeth should increase.

Tooth harrow

During operation, this will allow you to pierce the soil almost at a right angle. Thanks to this, good aeration will occur. When such teeth come out, they slightly pry up the soil, due to which small weeds that have not yet taken serious root are pulled out. The rotary harrow is used to cultivate the land, even if the plants have sprouted. In this case, there is no injury to large plants. Such models allow you to reduce the amount of fertilizer used, due to the fact that substances are well absorbed from the air during aeration, and root growth also improves.

Homemade tooth harrow

Do-it-yourself products differ in quality from devices produced in a factory. This is due to the fact that in factories, models are made from special structural steel that can withstand high levels of load. A homemade harrow of this type can easily be made if you have the appropriate components, as it has a very simple design. First of all, you can watch the video and make drawings that will give you an idea of ​​the dimensions, components and the entire structure of the device. Materials worth taking include steel strips, square pipes, and corners.

The sequence of actions in creating tooth harrows is as follows:

• First, metal strips are welded to the pipe from the bottom side, but so that their angle relative to each other is about 30°. In this case, the edges should protrude the same amount on both sides;
• Then a bushing is welded in the center, which is mounted to the walk-behind tractor using a pin. Here it is necessary to create the ability to adjust the level of lifting of the stand, which will change the depth of loosening;
• now the teeth themselves are bolted or welded to the edge of each installed strip;
• After this, a bushing is installed on the drawbar, to which a screw is attached to regulate the position of the teeth.

Important! It is required that the front as well as the rear tines penetrate the ground to the same depth.

As the length of these elements increases, their thickness must also increase, otherwise they may bend. Before installation, it is recommended to harden them and also sharpen them.

Homemade disc harrow

When considering how to make such products, it is important to note that during soil cultivation they simultaneously perform several functions. For this reason, a power harrow for a walk-behind tractor has a more complex design, and its manufacture is quite labor-intensive.

Both large-scale industrial and private farming, and even amateur farming, cannot do without loosening the soil. In a flower bed with tulips or a bed with dill, an area of ​​​​a couple square meters A hand hoe can successfully perform this operation. A plot of tens of acres (one hundredth is a plot of land of one hundredth of a hectare with an area of ​​10 x 10 = 100 m2), sown, for example, with potatoes, will most likely require more powerful agricultural machines. And to loosen the soil you will need a harrow. Tooth or disk, homemade or factory-made, aggregated by a walk-behind tractor, horse-drawn or even human. The most common and simple type of harrow is tooth harrow.

It is not difficult to make such an agricultural implement with your own hands. It is important not to make a mistake with the size and weight so that the harrow, instead of promoting the harvest, does not “bury” it. So, about everything in more detail.

Types of surface tillage. Processing without formation turnover

Methods (types) machining little soil. In different sources they may be classified differently and have different names. So, processing involves, in addition to compaction (rolling, slamming, pressing), three types of loosening:

Loosening the soil with soil turnover;

Loosening without formation turnover;

Loosening with leveling.

If we're talking about about preparing the soil for the winter in middle lane In Russia, this is most often loosening with formation turnover, or plowing. All types of plow shares provide and different result. Thus, a plow with a cylindrical surface of the ploughshare partially wraps the layer, but breaks it along its entire length, simultaneously providing good loosening. But the screw ploughshare turns the layer exactly 180°, keeping it almost unchanged and well burying weed seeds to a depth (where a significant part of them dies due to distance from light and heat).

Some types of harrows also partially wrap the formation; for example, the Zubovaya, its “relative,” is an agricultural implement that performs loosening and leveling.

Purposes of harrowing

What is harrowing used for? After all, there is plowing and cultivation. These agricultural techniques loosen the subsoil layer and promote air supply to the root systems of crops. And what can a toothed harrow compare to a plow or a chisel? Light processing of the surface itself, nothing more. But this type of influence on the field is sometimes in demand.

A simple example. The field is plowed on loam, there has been no rain for a week, but on the contrary, the sun heats the giant clods of earth formed during the plowing process, and a warm breeze drives out the remaining moisture from them. What will happen if you simply put grain seeders into such areas? Anything but not sowing grain. You shouldn't expect a harvest with this type of farming.

If the land is located on difficult, heavy soils, a tooth harrow will work successfully after plowing. The heavy structure, bristling with metal teeth, will break heavy clods.

And the already smooth surface, now consisting of lumps no larger than a few centimeters in size, will not dry out ahead of time and will be ready to give life to a new harvest.

Classification of tooth harrows

Conventionally, the tooth harrow can be divided into three classes:

Heavy (one tooth of such an agricultural implement presses on the ground with a force of approximately 2-3 kg);

Medium (tooth pressure from 1 to 2 kg);

Light (no more than one kilogram - the pressure of the tooth of this harrow).

Recently, the classification has been rapidly changing due to the increasingly widespread use of units for complex soil cultivation. In one pass, such a machine wraps the layer, destroys it into lumps of a given size, levels the surface, and, if necessary, compacts it and even applies mineral fertilizers.

Application of different types of harrows

The most difficult soils from the point of view of agricultural technology are clays and loams. To break up clods after plowing (reverse plowing) or chiseling, a heavy toothed harrow is used. The coupling of such implements is usually combined with tractors of class 2 and above.

Previously, the use of such couplings was a whole undertaking. The hitch itself and the harrows included in it were transported to the work site in a trailer. It took several people to assemble all the pieces of agricultural equipment together. Modern hydraulic tooth harrows can be easily maintained by one operator. Directly on the field, the harrow can be transferred from the transport position, thanks to the presence of hydraulic drives, to the working position at the touch of a button.

Medium harrows work on light soils - sandstones and sandy loams. But the use of light harrows is associated not with the type of soil, but with technology. With their help, “moisture sealing” is most often done - breaking the crust that forms after precipitation. This is done in order to destroy the channels through which moisture was absorbed into the ground - to save water for plants.

Light harrows are also used to control weeds. Weeds that have just sprouted from seed fall to the surface along with the roots and die from dehydration.

DIY harrow

The design of a tooth harrow is simple. The simplest agricultural implement for loosening and leveling the soil layer is made as an ordinary wooden lattice. The distance between adjacent teeth, if we talk about small ones personal plots, can be planned in the range from 100 to 200 mm.

Teeth can be inserted into the grid units in different ways:

The easiest way is to drive nails of sufficient thickness and then bite off the heads. Not the best The best decision from the point of view of reliability, it is suitable for a light harrow (fighting weeds until the crop has sprouted, sealing off moisture).

Instead of nails, you can use thick screws, and the unthreaded part remains outside as a working area.

Pieces of reinforcement 8-12 mm, driven with guaranteed interference into pre-prepared holes.

A metal harrow will be better and more reliable. You can use any available rolled stock as strips: angles, channels, pipes, etc. Just don’t weld teeth (pieces of steel are most often used as strips). steel reinforcement) directly to the harrow surface. Such a tooth is likely to break off quickly. Holes are pre-drilled in the slats, prepared rods are inserted and their exit points are welded on both sides.

For areas with difficult terrain

You can make a tooth harrow with your own hands with just over complex design. It will work perfectly as a light harrow for breaking up capillary crusts and also for killing weeds. A special feature of its design is the articulation of the elements.

Such a tool will do an excellent job of weeding precisely because of its segmented structure - not a single depression or convexity of the sown area will be left without the “attention” of its teeth.

Toothed rotary harrow

Appeared in domestic crop production relatively recently. It is most often used in potato cultivation. After passing such a harrow, the farmer receives the right bed trapezoidal section. The harrow pulls out weeds perfectly and loosens the soil wonderfully. What is important is that it can be used until the potatoes bloom - the rotor teeth practically do not damage the plant stems.

Another plus. Potatoes after the passage of the rotor end up in beds at a height relative to general level fields. Thanks to this, since the ridges warm up better, earlier and more vigorous seedlings of the crop are ensured.

The first devices for harrowing appeared from the time when man first learned to cultivate the land with a primitive wooden plow (ploughshare). Harrows were also made of wood and were not very long, for greater maneuverability, but heavy enough, which made it possible to crush large clods of earth formed after plowing.

Tractors have long since replaced horses, and harrows have become more advanced and efficient, and can be installed not only on heavy and medium-sized agricultural equipment, but also on mini-tractors and walk-behind tractors. This type of equipment allows you not only to break up large clods and cover the soil to retain moisture, but also to collect the remains of dry vegetation, as well as remove its roots.

The following types of harrows exist:

• dental or classic;
• rotary or rotary;
• disk.

According to this classification, harrowing attachments are heavy, medium and light. You can buy a harrowing device for the Neva walk-behind tractor at a specialized store or make it yourself.

Tooth harrow for walk-behind tractor

Disc harrow for walk-behind tractor

Traditional harrow

The classic, or as it is also called, horse harrow, is used to create a smooth and loose surface. Also this type attachments allows you to effectively cover moisture in the soil and thereby prevent it from drying out. The harrow crushes large lumps of earth to the required fraction, destroys weeds and removes remnants of vegetation from the soil. The equipment is quite lightweight and is therefore used for surface tillage, crushing clods of earth and shallow loosening before sowing.

The tooth harrow for factory-produced walk-behind tractors is made of special structural steel that can withstand significant loads. Also, this equipment does a good job of leveling the soil after milling.

This type of harrowing equipment is a straight or zigzag frame that you can make yourself from a steel strip, square pipe or a corner, a rack for coupling with a walk-behind tractor and teeth. The teeth can be secured to the frame by welding, or by cutting threads on them and securing them with nuts. The working bodies on the frame are located at an even distance from each other, and their length can be 25-45 mm. Regarding the width of the equipment, for example, for the Neva walk-behind tractor, 500-600 mm is quite enough. The video below shows a tooth harrow in action.