Our planet is rich in a wide variety of plants. Each geographic area has its own characteristics unique to that territory. Perhaps some of the most interesting in the world are the expanses of Mexico, as well as the American states of California and Arizona. Family lives here the world's largest cacti– giant cereus (Cereus giganteus) led by its largest representative.

1 The name of this giant is the Californian giant.

It is the symbol of the state of Arizona and is shaped like a huge candelabra and is considered the most big cactus in the world.

When a cactus reaches 70 years of age, its first lateral branches are just beginning to appear.

3 Giant Cereus is the slowest growing plant

In the first ten years of life, it grows only 2 cm.

4 Active growth begins after 30 years of life.

The 30-year mark is only the fourth part of the life of the giant cereus; after reaching this age, the active growth of the cactus begins.

He reaches this mark quite easily, but in subsequent years quite a lot of dangers appear in their lives.

With its growth, the cactus has a huge weight - which can range from 6-10 tons.

If you take this cactus and put it through a press, you can squeeze out about two tons of liquid. Thanks to this ability, the cactus easily tolerates high temperatures.

8 Home for the homeless

Despite the not very busy life in the Mexican desert, nevertheless, the cactus is home to many animals - owls, woodpeckers, snakes, mice, etc.

9 The abyss will not let the hungry

The giant cereus is a fruit-bearing plant. It grows fleshy bright berries, which are a valuable food product. It is worth noting that local residents use cactus juice to make alcoholic drink, the taste of which vaguely resembles moonshine.

10 It even blooms!

The first flowers on a cactus appear only after 50 years of its life.

Video: The largest cactus
Huge cacti in Mexico

It is unlikely that it will be possible to describe the species of cacti existing in the world in one article. Therefore, it was decided to present only the most popular types of domestic cacti, which grow in literally all regions of our country. Well, of course, on the fans. All proposed types and names of domestic cacti can be easily found in specialized reference books, but information grouped on one page will be easier to use. The most common types of indoor cacti are grouped into different genera, or groups that have similar species characteristics. They require the same for themselves, which simplifies the process. Look at the types of cacti you are interested in and their names, study the assortment of the group and choose the plants that suit you. If there are any types of indoor cacti whose names and descriptions you cannot find in this article, then write to us and we will prepare an addition. But we are confident in what is collected here absolute majority types of succulents that are grown at home. Look at the types of cacti in the photo and begin a fascinating journey into the exciting world of these unusual plants:

What types of cacti are there: names with descriptions and photos

It is important to understand what types of cacti there are in order to be able to make a complete choice. Next, from the huge variety of species and varieties, some particularly attractive types of cacti with names, descriptions and photos will be presented to the attention of readers, which will help to get to know this culture better:

Amateur cactus growers adhere to various points view as to which cacti are the most beautiful.” Mentioned here will be mainly cacti that have proven themselves well in cultivation, which can be offered for small amateur collections grown on windowsills or in greenhouses in the garden, and which are available for sale in gardening farms and flower shops. Look at some types of indoor cacti in the photo where some pretty amazing specimens are presented:

Knowing cacti well is not an entirely simple matter, since of the more than 2,000 species that exist, most are currently cultivated by amateurs. Without flowers, even a specialist cannot correctly identify many cacti. However, for some genera there are good distinguishing characters that will be especially mentioned when describing cacti. When describing cacti species, distinctive features will also be given, if possible, but if there are a large number of species, they are not always sufficient to correctly identify the plant. It is impossible to determine the type of cactus by the number of spines. (The number of spines often varies significantly.) Unfortunately, cacti sold in stores are often incorrectly named or offered under different names, but this circumstance should in no case be a reason to refuse to grow such plants. “Unknown” cacti can also bring a lot of joy. Be sure to look at the photo for the description of cacti species, where you can see all the botanical characteristics:

Aporocacti - forest species of cacti

A characteristic feature of forest cactus species are thin, long, drooping shoots with 7-12 ribs. Large, red flowers that bloom during the day distinguish them from all other cacti with creeping shoots. The few types of cacti with leaves are very difficult to distinguish from each other.

Aporocactus flagelliformis.

Aporocactus whip, snake cactus, rat tail cactus. Slightly two-sided symmetrical (zygomorphic) flowers are similar to the flowers of “Christmas” cacti (Schlumbergera). This type of aporocactus is known in Germany as cultivated plant for more than 300 years. As its numerous popular names indicate, this plant has been of interest to plant lovers for a very long time. Among the hardy plants grown on balconies and windows flower boxes, you can often find old and abundantly flowering specimens of aporocacti. In the tropics, this plant is also very widely distributed by humans, so it is now difficult to establish its original homeland, which is presumably located in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. There, aporocacti grow hanging from trees or, in areas with higher air humidity, from rocks.

In culture, it is necessary to take into account the semi-epiphytic lifestyle of this cactus. Therefore, a well-permeable substrate is chosen for plants, consisting of cactus soil mixed with perlite, sand and possibly with the addition of a small amount of sphagnum.

Aporocactus flagelliformis overwinters at a temperature of 6-8°C; however, the plants tolerate more low temperatures. Overwintering in a bright place stimulates egg laying. flower buds this one blooming in spring cactus Thanks to its drooping shoots, Aporocactus flagelliformis can be successfully grown as a hanging plant. In the warm season, the cactus is kept in a light, but shaded from direct sun rays place. Aporocacti can be taken outside in the summer and hung in the light shade of trees, so that the scorching rays of the sun do not hit the plant during hot midday hours. Aporocactus is considered particularly susceptible to damage spider mite, therefore it is very important when cultivating to harden it in the fresh air.

Aporocactus hybr.

Cacti often succeed in crossing species that have completely different shapes growth. A good example These are beautiful hybrid aporocacti. Already in 1830, the English gardener Mallison crossed A. flagelliformis with the vertically growing Heliocereus. The result was an intergeneric hybrid with bright red flowers 10-15 cm in diameter, known as Aporocactus mallisoni.

In the fifties, a German breeder from Nuremberg, Gräser, managed to obtain an intergeneric hybrid between A. flagelliformis and Trichocereus candicans that attracted widespread attention.

Recently, work on the hybridization of aporocacti has been carried out primarily in Great Britain, where they are crossed with hybrid phyllocacti (Epiphyllum hybr.). As a result, both smaller and more large plants with drooping or arching shoots and very beautiful flowers varied - until now there is only pure yellow - coloring. Look at these types of home cacti in the photo - the names and descriptions will help you distinguish plant varieties:

Types of flowering cacti with names and photos

Astrophytums are types of flowering cacti with amazingly beautiful buds. Various types of astrophytums stand out among other cacti due to their few ribs and white felt specks on the surface of the stems, adding a touch of peculiar exoticism to the collection of cacti. They come from hot, dry areas of Mexico and Texas. Perfect for growing in very sunny and warm southern windows. A well-permeable mineral substrate, moderate moisture and dry wintering at a temperature of about 8°C are recommended. Large seeds germinate easily and quickly. Look at the flowering species of cacti in the photo with names, where you can see the most beautiful specimens of this genus:

Astrophytum capricornus ( Astrophytum capricorne).

The species is characterized by matted, long, brown spines and large yellow flowers with a red throat. Tolerates lower winter temperatures than other astrophytums.

Astrophytum speckled, "bishop's miter" ( Astrophytum myriostigma).

"Bishop's Miter" is one of the few cacti that is completely devoid of spines. There are forms with and without white felt speckles, as well as with varying numbers of ribs; interesting are the square-looking plants with four ribs. Able to bloom relatively small plants.

Astrophytum decorated ( Astrophytum ornatum).

Compared to Astrophytum capricorne, in this species the felt specks are most often arranged in the form of stripes, and the spines are straight. In its homeland, Astrophytum ornatum reaches a height of 1 m. Plants bloom only in adulthood. Felt specks and yellow-brown spines arranged in stripes give this cactus a special decorative appearance.

Astrophytum hybr.

Back in the 19th century, Abbot Begouin obtained the first hybrid of astrophytum. Crossings of various types of astrophytums have produced a variety of more or less speckled and spiny plants with varying degrees of pronounced ribs.

Browningia ( Browningia hertlingiana).

Thanks to the beautiful blue waxy coating on the stems, young specimens of this large South American columnar cactus can be found in amateur collections. A blue waxy coating forms on the stems only when kept warm and light, and only in cacti with a height of at least 10-15 cm. It is necessary to water the plants moderately and spray them with water. Look at these types of home cacti in the photo, from which majestic and amazing succulents look at us:

Cephalocereus - species of furry cacti

The only species of furry cacti, Cephalocereus senilis from Mexico, is characterized by long, hanging, silvery-white hairs that completely cover the stem of the plant.

Cephalocereus senile, "old man's head" ( Cephalocereus senilis).

Thanks to their typical white hairy pubescence, young specimens of this large columnar cactus are often kept by hobbyists in their collections. Cephalocereus must be kept in a bright and warm place in a well-permeable substrate and watered very moderately.

Cereus peruvianus ( Cereus peruvianus).

Sometimes in large greenhouses, and in the Mediterranean in botanical gardens or hotel gardens, you can see tall, up to 4 m high, columns of cereus, which bloom profusely with large, yellowish-white, hairless flowers. If we do not take into account the seedlings grown from seed mixtures, then we cultivate mainly an ugly form of Cereus Peruvianus. At the beginning of the century, Cereus Peruvianus was present in almost every collection of cacti, but today this cactus is not often available for sale, although it grows well when conditions are suitable for it. It is necessary to ensure that insect pests, such as mealybugs, do not settle in the folds and branches of the stem. Look at these types of cacti in the photo with names, which show specimens grown at home:

Cleistocactus - rare species of large cacti

These columnar species of large cacti have attractive spines. In some species, upon reaching a height of 20-40 cm, plants begin to bloom profusely with flowers of interesting shape. Elongated, tubular, densely covered with scales on top, sometimes giving the impression of being broken, the flowers are adapted for pollination by hummingbirds. Plants must be kept in a bright place, but shaded from direct sunlight during the midday hours. During the growth period, cleistocactus require abundant watering and regular fertilizing with fertilizers.

Cleistocactus Rittera ( Cleistocactus ritteri).

Thanks to its white spines and yellow-green flowers appearing abundantly on plants over 40 cm high between long, white hairs, this rare species of cactus is of interest and is cultivated with pleasure by amateurs.

Cleistocactus emerald ( Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus).

This species has red flowers with a green border. The plant begins to bloom when it reaches a height of approximately 25 cm. In winter, the cactus must be kept in conditions that are not too cool and not too dry.

Cleistocactus Strauss ( Cleistocactus strausii).

These cacti, densely covered with white spines and hairs, are well known to amateurs.

Coryphanta – types of small cacti and succulents with pictures

These types of cacti and succulents in a non-flowering state are very difficult to distinguish from mammillaria. Only flowering plants develop typical papillae, wrinkled on top, from the axils of which flowers develop. This genus includes species of small cacti with powerful, hard spines and large flowers. The main places where these cacti grow are natural conditions are Mexico and the southern states of the USA. Corifashas require sunny, warm conditions in greenhouses and grow poorly on a windowsill, but develop well in a sunny flower window or in an appropriate greenhouse. Plants prefer slightly larger than usual pots and a clay-containing soil substrate.

In the spring, coryphantes begin to grow a little later than other cacti, so watering should also start later. Flowers bloom in summer or early autumn. In winter, plants are not watered.

Some species form small daughter shoots (“babies”), the roots of which often develop on the mother plant. They can be easily separated and cultivated as individual plants. However, the ability to flower appears only when the plants reach a certain size. In this case, sometimes more woolly hairs or spines form at the top, and typical wrinkles appear on the areola. Look at these types of cacti in the pictures, which show different flowering specimens:

Echinocereus

Cacti from the genus Echinocereus are especially popular among hobbyists due to their often beautiful, decorative spines. In addition, large flowers covered on the outside with spines, most often with a green stigma, do not fade for many days. The conditions for cultivating Echinocereus vary in accordance with the area of their distribution in natural conditions. All Echinocereus love warm and sunny conditions in winter. Some species grow very large, others grow well only in greenhouses.

However, there are also species that can be successfully grown on sunny windows or in a greenhouse. In the warm season, some species are taken outside, placed in a sunny place.

The substrate for Echinocereus should be predominantly mineral and contain a lot of weathered clay and coarse sand. Spring adults flowering plants It is necessary to start watering only after the flower buds become clearly visible, since otherwise they stop their development. During the growing season at the beginning of summer, cacti are watered abundantly; the rest of the time, watering is rather moderate. In winter, plants should be kept dry and, if possible, in a bright place. When kept absolutely dry, some species, such as E. pectinatus, E. reichenbachii, E. triglochidiatus or E. viridiflorus, tolerate short-term light night frosts.

Knippel's Echinocereus ( Echinocereus knippelianus).

This small Echinocereus, which has very flat ribs and often no spines at all, has a thick turnip-like root and, when cultivated on its roots, requires special attention when watering. Plants are often sold grafted onto other cacti; in this case they grow faster and bloom profusely in early spring beautiful pink flowers. This practically thornless cactus must be very carefully accustomed to the sun in the spring, after which it will also tolerate a sunny location.

Echinocereus crested ( Echinocereus pectinatus).

This species - at the same time a representative of a whole group of closely related cacti - is popular among amateurs due to its comb-like spines, the color of which can sometimes vary in growth zones, and its most often carmine-red flowers with a light or white-green center. These plants have a rather delicate root system, prefer a mineral substrate and love a lot of sun. They grow well mainly in greenhouses or a suitable greenhouse, but you can also try growing plants grafted onto low rootstocks on a south-facing windowsill or in a closed flower window facing the south.

Echinofossulocactus

Cacti of this genus characteristic feature which has thin wavy ribs, is easy to cultivate and very popular among cactus lovers. In their homeland in Mexico, Echinofossu locactus grows in dry steppes. Accordingly, in cultivation they prefer a substrate containing more humus and a light, but shaded location from direct sunlight. Since flowers appear in early spring, winter storage in a bright place is recommended.

Echinofossulocactus curly ( Echinofossulocactus crispatus).

In Echinofossulocactus, it is very difficult to establish the boundary between individual species. Currently a number of beautiful shapes grouped under the name Echinofossulocactus crispatus. It is very interesting to watch how white flowers with a wide light or dark purple stripe down the center of the petals make their way to the crown through a labyrinth of dense, long and sometimes widely flattened central spines.

Echinopsis

Like the related genera Trichocereus and Lobivia, Echinopsis flowers are distinguished by a clearly defined wreath of stamens emerging from the throat. Trichocereus grow in a columnar manner; in Lobivia, the flower tube is usually shorter. Cacti of this genus have been known for a very long time; typical Echinopsis with long white or pink funnel-shaped flowers are popular not only among cactus growers, but also among flower lovers in general. The name used - peasant cactus - comes from the fact that in the window flower boxes of peasant houses you can see old and abundantly flowering specimens of this plant.

Echinopsis obrepanda.

Today, many slightly different forms are combined under this name. The plants come from mountainous areas and are very hardy, but in early spring they are quite susceptible to sunburn. The spines are hard and bent towards the stem. Due to the turnip-shaped roots, it is recommended to use a substrate that is not very flat and well permeable. The flowers of the original species are white, but there are forms with flowers ranging from pink and soft purple to dark red. Compared to the stem, the flowers are long and large and look beautifully formed with their reflexed narrow outer petals.

Espostoa

This columnar cactus, which reaches impressive sizes in its homeland, prefers even conditions and not very cool conditions in winter. It appears in full splendor only when cultivated in a greenhouse. However, thanks to their beautiful white woolly pubescence, young Espostoa plants are also grown by amateurs on bright windows. Plants should not be sprayed with water, as otherwise an unsightly limescale deposit may appear on the white hairs.

Eulychnia

This columnar cactus is also more suitable for cultivation in greenhouses, however, young Eulychnia plants with their decorative spines and sometimes white felt or shaggy fleecy pubescence of the areoles are also grown in small collections.

Ferocactus

In their homeland, these cacti often grow into huge balls. However, young plants attract hobbyists with their powerful, often beautifully colored, flattened or hooked central spines, which appear especially large in young plants. Recently, exhibition specimens with a diameter of 30 cm with well-developed spines, grown in flower farms in Tenerife, have begun to arrive in Germany, especially of species such as Ferocactus latispinus and F. wislizenii. which are great for keeping in closed, south-facing flower windows. Ferocacti love a lot of heat and sun. As mentioned above when describing the Echinocactus grusonii, the temperature in winter should not fall below 12 ° C, in addition, plants like to have “warm feet”.

Gymnocalycium

The vast majority of Gymnocalyciums are easily recognized by their tuberculate ribs, which have horizontal folds between the areoles. Flowers bearing large round and bare scales on the outside are also very typical.

According to the extended distribution area in natural conditions, Gymnocalyciums have different requirements in culture. However, most of them need a humus-containing, but well-permeable soil mixture, which should have a slightly acidic reaction; Gymnocalyciums are sensitive to having alkaline reaction substrate.

Therefore, these cacti must be watered with soft or slightly acidified water. Gymnocalyciums, which most often have few spines and therefore appear green, prefer a light, but not sunny location. Of the many cultivated species, hobbyists with disabilities to accommodate a collection of cacti, preference is given to remaining small gymnocalyciums. The species presented below are suitable for growing in a room on a window.

Gymnocalycium Mihanovich variety Friedrich ( Gymnocalycium michanovichii var. friedrichii Rubra).

During mass sowing of G. michanovichii var. friedrichii, a mutation occurred accidentally in some seedlings. Their tissues were completely devoid of chlorophyll, so that all that was left of the red-green color of the stem was pure red. Japanese flower growers took advantage of the opportunity presented to them and successfully grafted these seedlings onto the rootstock, since without their own chlorophyll they would not have been viable. As a result of subsequent breeding work, forms with bright red, yellow and crimson stem colors were obtained from them. All these forms do not have chlorophyll, so they can only be cultivated in a grafted state. Sometimes these plants even bloom. Since there is often a contradiction between the inherently slow growth of G. michanovichii and the rapid growth of the rootstock, these plants are not particularly durable. We recommend level maintenance with regular watering and a bright, but shaded place from direct sunlight.

Haageocereus

This columnar type is usually only found in greenhouses. However, thanks to their attractive, sometimes fiery red, yellow or dark brown spines, young plants are also popular in small collections among hobbyists. Haageocereus prefers a well-permeable substrate and a warm, sunny location. After a short summer dormancy period, the plants resume growth in the fall, and therefore, unlike most other cacti, they require regular watering at this time. These cacti should overwinter at a temperature of 10-15°C.

Hildevinter

Hildevwintera flowers with an inner circle of short light petals can hardly be confused with the flowers of other cacti. Cactus growers praise this species for its golden-yellow spines that densely cover the stems and its abundance. Thanks to its drooping shoots, this plant is used as an hanging plant.

Types of mamillaria cacti (with photo)

Mamillaria cacti are especially popular among cactus growers. Some hobbyists concentrate entirely on growing Mammillaria cactus species and have noteworthy collections of these plants. Mammillaria lovers in some countries have created special societies that publish their own newspapers. Mammillaria are distinguished from other cacti by their mathematically precise arrangement of spines, which sometimes contrast effectively with the white hairy or woolly pubescence in the flowering zone of the plant.

The red flowers are most often small, however, they appear in the form of a whole wreath around the crown of the cactus. After flowering spectacular decoration There may also be fruits arranged in the form of a wreath. Distinctive features This extremely species-rich genus includes unwrinkled papillae that form the stem and flowers that appear from the depressions between the papillae (axils). Many species of this genus are beautiful, cultivated and unpretentious. Almost all, primarily cushion-forming species, prefer wider, lower pots, and all like a well-drained potting soil mixed with plenty of coarse sand. Those species that have such dense spines or such heavy hairy or woolly pubescence that they appear white or yellow prefer particularly light, sunny and warm locations and require more moderate watering.

Species that give the impression of green plants require a place that is light, but shaded from direct sunlight during the midday hours, and tolerate a substrate that contains much more humus and is more abundant.

Many mammillaria are excellent for cultivation on a windowsill. Thanks to the warmth behind the window glass, heated by the spring rays of the sun, they often bloom there as early as March and therefore also require appropriate watering. Growing tall mammillaria with short cylindrical stems tend to tilt the top towards the light, that is, towards the window glass. Therefore, the hobbyist has to observe a less decorative back side, but in any case, one should not try to correct this by constantly turning the plant pots. Despite the relatively small size of the seeds, mammillaria are easy to grow by seed. Seedlings bloom, as a rule, in the third or fourth year after sowing.

Mammillaria bocassi ( Marnmillaria bocasana).

Its thick white tomentose hairs make it an interesting looking species; Each areola has one central spine, which is spaced apart and has a hook at the top. Long red fruits are more beautiful than small, inconspicuous cream flowers. The plant is quite sensitive to excess water; A well-permeable substrate and moderate watering are recommended.

Marnmillaria elongata.

The splendor of this plant comes not from the rather inconspicuous yellowish-white flowers, but from the varied tones of light to dark yellow, reddish or brown spines. Thanks to abundant branching, it forms large decorative groups of elongated shoots as thick as a finger. A sunny location, well-permeable substrate and moderate watering are recommended.

Mammillaria longapapillaria ( Marnmillaria longimamma).

A distinctive feature of this species is its unusually long papillae and bright yellow, relatively large flowers. Cleanly cut and sufficiently dried papillae can take root and thus form new plants.

Mammillaria macropapillae ( Marnmillaria magnimmamma).

Currently, under this name a whole group of slightly different forms is united, the most famous of which is still often called M. centricirrha. In any case, all forms contain milky juice. IN in this case we're talking about about typical representatives of the so-called “green mammillaria”, which with age form large and often very beautiful clumps with a spectacular contrast between green stems, white felt hairs in the axils of the papillae and red flowers. Plants must be kept in a bright place, otherwise the spines will not develop well.

Marnmillaria zeilmanniana.

This species also has hooked spines, however, unlike M. bocasana, the sinuses between the papillae are bare. Already young small plants bloom profusely with purple-red, less often white, flowers. Blooming specimens go on sale in huge quantities every year on the eve of Mother's Day. The plant produces offspring and forms large clumps over the years. Prefers flat, wide pots and a well-permeable substrate containing a sufficient amount of sand. Look at the types of mamillaria cacti in the photo and the descriptions presented above will acquire characteristic visual outlines:

Neoporteria

Most cacti of the genus Neoporteria, which have long turnip-like roots, dark almost black color of stems or thick spines, are adapted to extreme conditions existence in their homeland on the sea coasts and in the mountainous regions of Chile and the culture is complex. However, there are species that, with a certain flair, can be grown in small amateur collections.

Neoporteria gerocephala.

The dense, intertwined spines vary in color from creamy white to dark brown. In carmine-red flowers with yellow inside, even after full bloom, the inner petals remain folded together. Flowers appear in late autumn or early spring. A well-permeable, predominantly mineral substrate and moderate watering are recommended.

Neoporteria paucicostata.

This species is also variable. Particularly prized are plants with green-blue stems and black spines at the top at the point of new growth. The pale reddish-white flowers are in full bloom.

Notocactus

These are small, spherical cacti that are most easily recognized by their striking purple stigmas. Among notocacti there are many species that are suitable for growing by beginners and for small collections. They all need a substrate with the addition of a certain amount of humus and a bright, warm location. However, species with few spines should not be kept in full sun. In general, notocacti prefer even cultural conditions and require not very cool and not very dry conditions in winter.

Notocactus Haselberga ( Notocactus haselbergii).

The crown of this species is unusually obliquely flattened. The stigmas, unlike other notocacti, are dark yellow. Already at the very beginning of spring, red buds appear on the oblique crown tilted towards the light.

Notocactus Leninghausa ( Notocactus leninghausii).

This species has short cylindrical stems and differs from the usual portrait of globular notocatus. Thanks to its thick golden-yellow spines and yellow flowers, which appear on plants over 20 cm high, the cactus looks highly decorative. The top grows obliquely in the direction of the light. The position of the plant relative to the light should not be changed.

Notocactus Otto ( Notocactus ottonis).

This species was previously considered a standard plant for cactus lovers and is often found on sale today. This is a green plant with a small amount spines and woolly crown must be kept in a bright, but not sunny, place. Silky yellow flowers have red stigmas characteristic of notocacti themselves.

Notocactus submammulosus var. Pampeanus.

This variety has interesting light, awl-shaped flattened central spines and yellow flowers with a typical red stigma.

Types of flat prickly pear cacti (with photo)

Prickly pears, with their often disc-shaped, jointed shoots, belong to the well-known cacti. Many people saw species of prickly pear cactus running wild in the Mediterranean, and some probably even brought their shoots from there. These types of flat cacti prefer a well-permeable substrate and a very sunny place, without any shading. Otherwise, they grow thin, elongated shoots.

Only a very few species are suitable for cultivation in a sunny window, and shoots brought from the Mediterranean are usually not included. Prickly pears also bloom only under optimal conditions and almost all tend to grow into very large plants.

Nevertheless, amateurs with the appropriate conditions have at their disposal very beautiful, profusely flowering plants with a blue waxy coating and decorative spines on the stems. It should be added to this that although many of them have beautiful spines, if you carelessly touch them, hundreds of very small and thin hairs (glochidia) stick into the skin with their hook-shaped outgrowths. Prickly pears should never be handled with bare hands!

Opuntia fine-haired ( Opuntia microdasys).

This species is still quite often found on sale. Thanks to the very short, hairy spines, the jointed stems appear to be covered with small pads. There are forms with white, yellow, reddish and brown spines. Species of the subgenus Tephrocactus originating from the Andean highlands can be cultivated in greenhouses (group 4). Some frost-resistant prickly pears in wine-growing areas, with good drainage, can also be grown in open rock gardens. Look at the types of prickly pear cactus in the photo, which, combined with the descriptions, will allow you to create a completely correct picture:

Oreocereus - types of cacti without spines: names and photos

The dense hairs covering the plant protect it from night frosts in its homeland. These types of thornless cacti are widespread in cultivated floriculture. This columnar cactus produces flowers only when grown in a greenhouse. However, young specimens of this cactus, covered with white hairy pubescence and sometimes powerful spines, are also grown with pleasure by amateurs in small collections. True, being cacti originating from high mountain regions, in living rooms with their even climatic conditions, they grow worse than in suitable greenhouses. For Oreocereus, regular ventilation and a large difference between winter and summer, as well as day and night, are desirable. In summer, the coolness of the night after a hot day, which brings with it higher relative humidity, is optimal conditions for these cacti. Look at these types of spineless cacti in the photo, where the distinctive botanical characteristics are visible:

Troll's Oreocereus ( Oreocereus trollii).

This cactus is densely covered with white hairs. Breaking through the hairline central flowers have a color from yellow to reddish.

Types of cactus parody

Parodies by appearance parody cacti are very similar to notocacti, but do not have a red stigma and, on the contrary, are very often covered with hooked spines. Among the parodies there are many unpretentious in cultivation, with beautiful thorns, abundantly flowering species, which are also suitable for keeping in small collections. The seeds of many types of parodies are very small, so sowing requires great skill. Once the seedlings reach a certain size, growing them most often does not pose any problems.

Parodia mutabilis.

Distinctive features of these commonly sold plants are powerful yellow spines with a hook at the end and yellow flowers.

Schwebs parody ( Parodia schwebsiana).

This, like many parodies, takes on a short-columnar form with age, the plant is distinguished by its white-pubescent top, which over the course of several weeks is decorated with more and more groups of red flowers.

Phyllocacti

Phyllocacti have stems that are dihedral in cross-section, leaf-shaped, flattened, and almost always spineless. While most cultivated cacti are wild species, phyllocacti are hybrid forms, of which many thousands have been obtained since the beginning of the last century to the present day. The original genera are the vertically growing, red-flowering Heliocereus and Nopalxonia. Later they were supplemented by the white-flowered epiphytic Epiphyllum crenatum and, finally, to obtain even larger flowers, the “queen of the night” (Selenicereus).

These hybrid cacti, which vary greatly in growth form, color and size of flowers, are among the most popular indoor plants. Sometimes in front of peasant estates you can find old specimens kept in harsh conditions, characterized by unusually lush flowering.

The flowers can reach a diameter of 20 cm and, with their bright colors (from white, yellow, salmon to red and red-violet), are among the most beautiful in the entire cactus family. When obtaining individual forms, different parents were used for crossing, so cultural requirements also vary. There are very large and smaller ones, with vertical and curved shoots, sensitive and less sensitive varieties. Many modern, highly valued varietal forms come from the USA, where, under optimal climatic conditions, they were selected according to only one criterion: the beauty of their flowers. Under other cultivation conditions, these plants sometimes disappoint their owners. Beginners will find more joy in well-known, well-proven varieties.

Since in the production of almost all varietal forms plants with an epiphytic lifestyle were used as parents, phyllocacti are grown in a well-permeable soil mixture for cacti with the addition of sand, perlite and sometimes sphagnum.

These plants must be kept in a bright, but rather semi-shaded place; Although they bloom magnificently in the sun, their leaves very quickly become covered with ugly burns. In summer, it is very favorable to keep it outdoors on a stand in the light shade of a tree, so that the plant is shaded from direct sunlight, especially during the hottest afternoon hours. In winter, most varieties must be kept at a temperature of 8 - 10 ° C and in completely dry conditions. cut leaf-shaped segments of stems, which must be cut and dried again before rooting.

Pilosocereus palmeri.

At a height of approximately 50 cm, this columnar cactus, covered with a blue waxy coating, has long decorative hairy tufts appearing in the areoles, which at the top of the stem form a kind of hairy cap - pseudocephaly. Only when favorable conditions and when the plant reaches a certain age, red-brown flowers appear from this hairy cap. (When cultivated in greenhouses, the species blooms easily.) Look at these types of cacti without thorns - their photos and names will allow you to make right choice plants for your home:

Rebutia

Rebutia are small ribbed or papillary spherical cacti. Without flowers, they can easily be confused with lobivia or mammillaria. A typical feature is the flowers appearing at the bottom of the side, at the base of the stem, while in almost all other spherical cacti the flowers bloom at the top.

Rebutias are popular among cactus lovers and are often found on sale. If their requirements are met in cultivation, they grow well, and all rebutias readily and abundantly bloom in the spring with numerous variegated and bright flowers.

In addition, they are easily propagated by seeds, and seedlings of some species often bloom already in the second year after sowing. Since Rebutias most often come from high mountain areas, they prefer a bright but not very hot location, a lot of fresh air and a pronounced temperature difference between day and night, as well as winter and summer. When grown in stagnant, stifling air or in the flat, warm conditions of living rooms, plants wither and become especially susceptible to insect attack. primarily red spider mites. However, rebutias grow excellently in greenhouses or during the growing season on external window sills. There they can be buried in large quantities at once, for example, in a flat flat filled with loose substrate. balcony box for flowers. Wintering should be cool and dry, otherwise the rebutias bloom poorly. Individual species are very variable; often, even in culture, as a result of cross-pollination, hybrid forms are involuntarily formed, which then multiply further.

Rebutia heliosa.

Thanks to the beautiful spines that justify Latin name plants "sun-shaped", and graceful orange flowers this look looks very attractive. Under cultural conditions, thanks to the shoots at the base of the stem, it forms entire clumps. Sometimes in the middle of summer the plants experience summer period dormancy, during which they need to be watered very sparingly. Reproduction from offspring (“babies”) is not difficult, but in this case the plants often do not form a turnip-shaped root. Grafted plants often give the impression of being overfed.

Rebutia dwarf ( Rebutia pygmaea).

This species belongs to the group of rebutias that have short-cylindrical stems and form clumps due to the large number of offspring. The plant has a turnip-shaped root, so it is recommended to use a well-permeable substrate for cultivation.

Rhipsalidopsis

Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri(“Easter” cactus).

Like the Christmas cactus, this plant has flattened, leaf-like, jointed stems, but produces radially symmetrical flowers. This cactus leading an epiphytic lifestyle is quite sensitive on its own roots. The substrate for it must be highly permeable and slightly acidic (pH value from 5 to 5.5). It is recommended to use light, peat-containing soil mixture with a significant addition of perlite and sphagnum. The substrate and irrigation water should not contain magnesium and calcium salts. The soil in the pot should always be kept slightly moist; in addition, these cacti love more high humidity air. In the summer, the plant can be taken out to Fresh air and place it in the light shade of a tree or large bush. In dry, hot weather, regular spraying with water is necessary. A light dormant period from October to February during the shortest days, wintering at a temperature of about 10°C and reduced watering stimulate the formation of flower buds. From mid-February, the plants are moved to a warmer place.

Rhipsalis - types of cacti with leaves

These types of cacti with leaves may have flattened leaf-shaped stems, like phyllocacti, but in other species they are abundantly branched and consist of coral-like, thin, rounded segments. The flowers are very small and the fruit often develops into white, mistletoe-shaped berries.

These epiphytically growing cacti are cultivated as companion plants in orchid, bromeliad and tillandsia collections. It is together with these plants different kinds rhipsalis grow in natural conditions and therefore have similar cultural requirements. The substrate and irrigation water should have a slightly acidic reaction.

Many species have arched drooping shoots, so they are grown as hanging plants or in orchid baskets. In summer, plants can be kept in the light shade of a tree outside. Numerous small flowers appear in winter, so in winter time plants should be in a bright and warm place. Very good for this flower display or a closed flower window in which the above-mentioned epiphytic plants are grown. After flowering, the plants are decorated with numerous berry-like fruits.

Schlumberger ( Zygocactus) x Schlumbergera truncata "Christmas" cactus.

Like the “Easter” cactus, the stems of this plant consist of leaf-shaped, flattened, short segments. In addition to the natural, red-flowering form, there are now magnificent varieties with flowers of various colors: from white and pink to yellow and red-violet. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and, unlike the flowers of “Easter” cacti, have a zygomorphic structure. Flowering time occurs during the Christmas holidays, since the formation of flower buds occurs when the length of daylight hours decreases. Schlumbergeras are grown similarly to ripsalidopsis and ripsalis in a light, slightly acidic and well-permeable substrate. Plants prefer a bright, but not sunny location. In summer, these cacti are kept in their usual place in the room or taken outside and placed in light shade under a tree. In the latter case, care must be taken to protect plants from snails. A light dormant period from mid-September to mid-November with reduced watering along with short daylight hours promotes the formation of flower buds. After the buds appear, the plants should not be rearranged or rotated; they should be regularly moistened and kept in warm conditions, since otherwise the buds will drop. Along with plants growing on their roots, there are also standard forms grafted onto Peireskia or Selenicereus.

Selenicereus grandiflorus Selenicereus grandiflora, “Queen of the Night”.

These large cacti have thin, serpentine, creeping or climbing shoots. They are a particularly popular cacti, although they are grown only by very few cactus growers. However, the plant, which simultaneously blooms many magnificent flowers with a diameter of up to 25 cm, is an unforgettable sight. The flowers open in the evening and remain open for only a few hours. In the morning they fade. The plant is cultivated in a large pot or flower tub in a substrate containing mainly humus, but despite this, a well-permeable substrate. Regular fertilizing with fertilizer is a prerequisite for strong growth and abundant flowering. The shoots are tied to a strong support. Plants prefer a warm and bright, but not very sunny location. In winter, they must be kept at a temperature not lower than 15°C and the substrate must be kept slightly moist.

Setiechinopsis ( Setiechinopsis mirabilis)

After reaching a height of only 10 cm, the plant develops more and more groups of its graceful white flowers, which bloom at night. Many seeds are produced as a result of self-pollination.

Stetsonia Stetsonia coryne.

The seeds of this native tree-like cactus species are often found in cactus seed mixtures. Young plants with columnar bluish-green stems and long black spines look extremely attractive. V-shaped fruits are formed above the areoles. Stetsonia must be cultivated in warm conditions, even in winter the temperature should not fall below 15°C. Plants require moderate watering.

Sulcorebutia.

Compared to the similar genus Rebutia, sulcorebutia have narrow linear areoles and comb-like hard spines. The flowers have fairly large, wide scales on the outside. The genus was isolated only in 1951, and then only one single species was known. Thanks to numerous scientific expeditions and travels to collect new species, so many attractive plants were found that it almost made Sulcorebutia one of the most popular cacti. True, due to confusion with collection numbers, names and varieties, it is currently very difficult to navigate among plants of this genus; However, taxonomic issues aside, Sulcorebutia are still small, spherical cacti with attractive spines and numerous attractive flowers in a variety of bright colors.

Almost all species vary in the color of their spines and flowers, and most produce numerous offspring. Sulcorebutia, like lobivia and rebutia, should be kept in fairly “Spartan” conditions. They require a bright, but not hot place.

A significant difference between day and night, as well as summer and winter temperatures is desirable. Sulcorebutia grow poorly in constantly well-heated living rooms, but develop excellently in regularly ventilated greenhouses or on an external window sill protected from the weather. Wintering should be cool and dry.

Telocactus.

The genus includes spherical or slightly elongated cacti, with both ribbed and papillary stems. Typical of the genus is that the flowers appear at the end of a short groove at the very top of the stem. Many lovers especially value telocacti for their powerful, sometimes variegated spines and large flowers. Telocacti prefer predominantly mineral substrates and should be kept in a sunny and warm place during the growing season. During winter they can be kept in cool and completely dry conditions. They are suitable cacti for cultivation in a closed, sunny flower window.

Trichocereus

This large columnar cactus has stamens arranged in a stepped wreath, similar to representatives of the genera Echinopsis and Lobivia. Many trichocereus bloom only in a greenhouse, but young specimens are happily kept by amateurs and in small collections due to their attractive spines. Species that remain small also bloom only under favorable cultivation conditions. Trichocereus needs nutritious, well-permeable soil and regular, generous fertilizing with fertilizers. In summer, plants are kept in the sun and warm, in winter - dry and cool.

Trichocereus fulvilanus.

This species is popular due to its spectacular long spines. White flowers appear only on plants over one meter high.

Trichocereus hybr.

There are hybrids obtained by crossing trichocereus owls such as T. thelegonus, T. candicans or T. grandiflorus with various Echinopsis. These hybrids have large, bright and well-formed flowers. Hybrid Trichocereus require warm, sunny conditions and good feeding.

Turbinicarpus

These small, spherical cacti with papery, hairy or feathery spines are becoming increasingly popular among hobbyists. Even in a small room you can collect a whole collection of them; Usually very small plants bloom profusely. In their homeland, turbinicarpus have to live in difficult conditions. Plants are characterized by slow growth and their faster development should not be caused in cultivation. These cacti have turnip-shaped roots, so a well-permeable mineral substrate is recommended for growing them. Plants are planted in small but tall pots or planted in large numbers in a larger pot. Turbinicarpus are watered moderately even during the growing season; if overwatered, they can stretch out. In summer, plants are kept in a warm and bright place, but not in bright sun. The ideal wintering environment is dry and cool. In places where they grow naturally, plants have often become very rare and are therefore protected by law. However, seed propagation under cultural conditions is not difficult and does not pose any particular problems.

Turbinicarpus valdezianus.

This species is very popular for its white feathery spines and purple-red flowers that bloom in early spring. Already in winter, buds in the form of small black dots are clearly visible on the top of the cactus.

Cereus giant

The largest cactus in the world is the giant cereus (Cereus giganteus). Its height, recorded in the Guinness Book of Records, is 25 m. The second name of the cactus is California giant. It grows in southeastern California, Arizona and Mexico. The giant cereus flower is the state symbol of Arizona. The cactus itself resembles a huge candelabra, but it does not immediately acquire this shape. Lateral branches appear around the 70th anniversary of the cactus.

And in his first ten years of life, he manages to set another record - as the slowest growing plant. In the first decade it grows by about 2 cm.

Cactus vitality

The period of active growth in the giant cereus begins after about 30 years. It still has about 100-120 years to appear in all its glory. The world's largest cactus easily reaches a height of 12-15 meters, weighing 6-10 tons.

The trunk and branches of the cactus hold about two tons of water. The ability to accumulate and retain such an amount of liquid allows the cactus to easily tolerate high air temperatures. However, it does not lose its viability if the temperature drops below 0 degrees.

House for insects and birds

For insects and birds living in the neighborhood, the largest cactus in the world becomes a home. Owls, woodpeckers, snakes and mice live freely under one roof.

Giant cereus is a fruit-bearing plant. Its fruits - fleshy, bright berries - are considered a very valuable food product, and from the juice of the plant, local residents have learned to make an alcoholic drink vaguely reminiscent of moonshine.

The Largest Flag in the World in Baku

The area covers an area of 60 hectares, and its upper part is 31 thousand square meters. The height of the flagpole is 162 meters, the diameter of its base is 3.2 meters, and the top part is 1.09 meters. The total weight of the structure is 220 tons. The flag is 35 meters wide, 70 meters long, has a total area of 2,450 square meters and weighs approximately 350 kilograms. Construction of the square cost approximately $32 million

The 5-mast sailing ship "Royal Clipper" is the largest and fastest passenger sailing ship in the world, built in the image and likeness of the sailing ship "Prussia" (1902-1910).

The largest sandwich made in Mexico City measures 3.5 by 3.5 m.

800 kg of flour, 320 kg of honey, 2400 eggs, 400 kg of almonds, 80 kg of grapes - and the largest honey cake in the world is ready. Pie area 400 sq.m. Built in Germany

Tokyo. Most Big city in the world

Naming the largest city in the world is not so easy, because different criteria this or that metropolis outperforms its “brothers”. Tokyo occupies the largest number of leading places when comparing the largest cities of our time, so today the capital of Japan is considered the largest metropolis on the planet.
Of course, there is a little trick here; in fact, Tokyo is essentially not a metropolis, but a full-fledged prefecture, which includes 23 municipalities, 26 cities, 1 county and 4 districts.

This allows the capital of Japan to be far ahead of other capitals in various indicators. For example, based on recent research, more than 35 million people live in the Tokyo metropolitan area (Tokyo, Kanagawa and Chiba prefectures together) today. At the same time, the nominal population of the city and municipalities is about 13 million at night and more than 15 million during the day, due to students and workers coming from neighboring regions.

The largest city in the world covers 2188.67 km? territory, with a population density of more than 6 thousand people per square kilometer.