In a sentence. Particles in the Russian language are designed to give a variety of additional shades to words or even entire sentences. The second role of particles is word formation; with their help, word forms are formed.
For example:
1. Only he needs you.
Particle only enhances the meaning of the pronoun You in a sentence.
2. Let it will be the way you want.
Using a particle let The imperative mood of the verb is formed: let will.
Although particles in the Russian language are not members of a sentence, they are inextricably included in its composition. For example:
1. Not the wind It's noisy outside the window and it's not rain.
Particles needed:
Imperative ( yes, let him, let him, come on): let will try;
Conditional ( would, b): sat down would, told would ;
2) when forming adverbs and adjectives, their degrees of comparison - less, more, most. For example: more important,less interesting, most brave, more powerful, less bright;
3) when creating a discharge: -something, -something, -either. For example: something, someone, anyone, somebody and etc.
The role of such particles is close to the role of morphemes.
Particle values
Particles in the Russian language give different shades to a sentence as a whole or to one word.
Particles really, really, really- interrogative. They are often used in questions. For example: Really forgiven? Isn't it is there anything more interesting?
Exclamation particles what the, how convey indignation, surprise, delight. For example: How the world is wide! What the lovely!
Reinforcing particles ( after all, even, after all) are used if you need to strengthen a single word. For example: Even do not think! Still Great! He same It's my own fault!
In Russian it is Not And neither. They approach denial in different ways. Particle Not makes both the word and the entire sentence negative:
1. Not this may happen! The whole sentence is negative.
2. Not the wind broke the branch. The only negative word is wind.
In the case of two particles Not in a sentence, instead of a negative one, they create positive value: I Not Can Not agree with you!
Neither- a particle designed to enhance the meaning of negation, especially if the sentence already has a negation or particle Not. For example: From the sky Not fell neither drops. Not in the forest neither mushroom, neither berries
In Russian, these are those that are associated with the expression of shades of meaning, attitude or feeling. This group includes the above categories and some others. Non-modal particles, not associated with the expression of feelings, were classified by Vinogradov as semantic.
This category of particles includes:
A group of defining and clarifying ones, such as exactly, exactly, simply etc. For example: exactly this, smooth as many.
A group of excretory-restrictive particles - only, only, exclusively etc. For example: only This, exclusively white.
Demonstrative particles here, there, which seem to indicate an object worthy of attention. For example: Here road!
All particles in the Russian language perform grammatical, lexical and word-formation functions. When used skillfully, they can enrich our speech, make it more colorful and varied.
Creative work on the topic:
"Particles in Russian"
Performed:
7th grade student "A"
Balashova Svetlana
Morphological characteristics
A particle is an auxiliary part of speech that serves to express various semantic shades of any member of a sentence or a sentence as a whole, as well as to form moods. The particle introduces additional semantic shades into the sentence and serves to form word forms. Unchangeable part of speech. The particle is not a member of the sentence.
Morphological features: formative, negative, modal. Formatives serve to form the conditional and imperative mood of the verb. These include: yes, come on, let's, would (b), let, let. Negatives are used to express negation, strengthen negation, or give a sentence a positive meaning when double negative. These include: no, neither. Modals are used to express various shades of meaning and feelings in a sentence. These include: really, really, what for, how, here, only, only, really, etc.
Modal particles introduce the following semantic shades:
1) question: whether, really, really, for example: Have you prepared the previous material for today’s lesson? Didn't you do right choice by continuing your education?
2) indication: here, there, for example: Here necessary tools for practical training;
3) clarification: exactly, just, for example: This particular specialist will be in demand to work in our company;
4) allocation, restriction: only, only, exclusively, for example: Only those who passed will be allowed to take the exams. A medical worker must be an exceptionally kind, sympathetic, merciful person;
5) exclamation: what the, like, for example: How nice it is for a teacher to see the success of his students!
6) doubt: unlikely, hardly, for example: It is unlikely that you will cope with the task if you do not make an effort;
7) strengthening: even, really, after all, after all, for example: How many times have they repeated the basic terms;
8) mitigation, requirement: - ka, for example: Repeat this topic again.
Also, particles are a class of words that express diverse relationships realized in an act of speech or text, namely: the relationship of what is being communicated to the participants in the speech act (speaker, listener), as well as the relationship between them; the relationship of what is being reported to reality (in terms of its reality, unreality; reliability, unreliability); the relationship between statements and their components. By expressing these relationships, particles realize their meanings. Some meanings of the particle contain semantic components that modify the content of what is being communicated (only, all, was, not, nor).
Particles, in addition, serve to form morphological and syntactic moods (would, let, let). In "Grammar of modern Russian" literary language» Particles are classified on a different basis - by function. There are three main categories: syntactic (would, let, yes, come on, etc.), subjective-modal (after all, even, really, really, etc.) and negative (not, nor) particles. Among the subjective modal particles, intensifying (-that, even, after all, here, right), excretory (only, only), etc. differ in meaning. In the “Russian Grammar” the main categories of particles are also distinguished by function. Characterizing a sign (action or state) by its course over time, by the completeness or incompleteness of implementation, by effectiveness or ineffectiveness (it was, it happened, it happens, etc.). Particles in this grammar are also classified according to their structure: they are divided into primitive and non-primitive, into simple (and, fortunately, more, etc.) and composite; composite particles are divided into dismemberable (that would be, here and, like this, etc.) and non-dividable (it would be good, if only, if only, etc.); within the constituent particles, phraseological particles are distinguished (no, no, and; which of that, etc.). Thus, the question of classes of particles and the principles of their isolation is solved in different ways. When studying particles as lexical units in their system, a large number of intersecting subclasses are discovered, interconnected by a variety of relationships.
Can be applied to particles as units of language various classifications, taking a single particle value as a classification unit (for example, in the classification proposed below). The most adequate to linguistic reality are those classifications that reflect the semantic properties of particles. However, analysis of the semantics of particles is impossible without taking into account the specifics of their functioning. According to the main classification criterion - semantic, particles are divided into eleven categories. Modal particles expressing different types subjective relations. With the help of such particles, meanings associated with two types of modality are expressed: reality/irreality and reliability/unreliability.
The meanings “possibility”, “desirability”, “necessity” associated with the opposition reality/irreality correspond to the particular meanings of expectation expressed by particles (simple, and, precisely, nevertheless, after all; for example, And you agreed!), surprise (well, look how), motivations, encouragements, demands, wishes (come on, well, so that, otherwise, let, if, when, it would be good; for example, I wish I was alive!; So that I would be good meeting!), reminders/memories (tea, more, same; e.g., Take some candy! - I can’t see the candy!; Do you remember her: she also sang a song to you!), assumptions (perhaps, as if, exactly, as if, like , definitely, not at all; e.g., As if someone came in?), fears (unequal); Associated with the opposition of reliability/unreliability are the particular meanings of confirmation (yes, exactly), assumption (albeit, well, good), doubt, distrust [yes, no, directly, perhaps; eg: I'll find you a book! -Yes, you will find it! (meaning “you won’t find it”); I stay. No, really? (meaning “I can’t believe it”)]. Emotionally expressive particles expressing various emotional characteristics (threat, surprise, dissatisfaction, annoyance, irony, ridicule): well, see, see, simply, directly. Some researchers classify these words (except simply, directly) as interjections as words serving the sphere of emotions. They come close to particles when they function as a modal component of a sentence.
Addressative particles expressing semantics associated with the social sphere. This semantics can be reduced to the oppositions superior/inferior/equal; yours/someone else's. This category includes particles: -ka, -s (obsolete). In the meanings of a particle, the sign of categorical/non-categorical is revealed, which leads to the sphere of modal meanings. Contextual particles that serve to identify authorial behavior and to draw attention to certain components of a statement or text. Contextual particles are associated with the organization speech activity(oh, and, yes, no, here, there; e.g., Yes, another piece of news; Yes, I almost forgot, I have a letter for you), with various kinds of clarifications regarding the chosen expressions, filling the “empties” in the speech (or that , namely), and with indications of the transmission of someone else's speech (they say, de, supposedly). Quantitative particles expressing a quantitative characteristic of a component of propositional content from the point of view of the speaker (only, only, like this).
Negative particles specialized in expressing negation (no, no). A phase particle (was), which modifies the propositional semantics of a verbal predicate, expressing that the action began or was assumed, but did not take place or was interrupted. Excretory particles expressing the meaning of inconsistency or correspondence between the assumed, expected and actual (only, only, even, even, precisely, and).
Identifying particles [same, and; for example, He was born here and lives here all his life; I have the same book (like the one on the display)], which serve to express anaphoric relations in the text (relations of coreference or equilexicality). Gradational particles expressing an increase in a characteristic (even). Replica particles and capable of functioning in dialogue as a replicating component (yes, okay, okay). Semantic classification covers this entire class of words, but does not reflect all the properties of this class. The second classification feature is the features of the functioning of the particle: some of them can function in a relatively closed statement (well, ek, only, there, you), others can bring the statement into a wider text, being non-union indicators of connection in the text (like, and, an Well, only, even, exactly). Particles can also be classified according to their correlation with the type of speech act: a question - is it possible, is it possible, is it possible; by impulse - let it, give it, well, so that, otherwise; statement - all other particles. This classification does not cover the entire class - some words in this regard are neutral, indefinite, not marked (only, even, total). Particles, being words that have a wide variety of parameters, can simultaneously be included in several classifications. Thus, the particle is even excretory, textual, not marked from the point of view of its relevance to the speech act; particles ek - emotional-expressive, functions in isolated statements and in statements; Is the particle modal, textual, interrogative (in relation to the speech act).
Separate writing of particles
The particles would (b), same (g), li (l) are written separately: would read, if, here, which, however, however, hardly, hardly.
Note. The rule does not apply to those cases when the specified particles are part of the word: so that, also, also, really, or, etc.
Hyphenated spelling of particles
Particles (suffixes) are written through a hyphen -de, -ka, koe- (koy-), (-kas - dialect), -or, -ni, -s, -tka, -tko, -to: you-de, she -here, here, here, look, someone, someone, someone, some, from somewhere, yes, sir, well, look, somewhere , once upon a time, something. Note. The particle -de (colloquial) is used when conveying someone else's speech, as well as in the meaning of the verb says (they speak) and in the meaning of particles they say, they say; cf.: And if I see that the execution is too small for him, I will immediately hang all the judges around the table (Kr.). - My fellow countryman turned to the commander at a rest stop: so and so, - allow me to leave, they say, it’s an expensive occasion, they say, since I’m a local resident, it’s just a stone’s throw from the yard (Tv.). The particle say (colloquial) was formed by merging two words: de and say.
A particle is an auxiliary part of speech, which, without having its own completely independent lexical meaning, gives different shades to words and sentences or serves to create forms of words.
Particles do not change, do not have an independent lexical meaning and are not members of sentences, but can be part of sentences.
The main area of use of particles is oral speech, fiction and journalism with elements colloquial speech. The use of particles in speech makes statements more expressive and emotional. Excessive use of particles leads to speech clogging and loss of semantic accuracy.
The main role of particles (general grammatical meaning) - add additional nuances to the meanings of other words, groups of words or sentences. Particles clarify, highlight, and strengthen those words that are necessary for more exact expression contents: « Already the sky was breathing in autumn, Already the sun shone less often.» ( Pushkin A.S.) Already- a particle with an intensifying value.
Particles arose later than other parts of speech. By origin, the particles are related to in different parts speech: with adverbs ( only, only, barely, just, right and etc.); with verbs ( let, let, come on, let it be, it would be, after all, you see and etc.); with unions (oh, yes, and, well and etc.); with pronouns ( everything, it, what for, then, this, itself etc.), with interjections ( there, well and etc.). Some particles are not related to other parts of speech by origin: here you go and etc.
There are few particles in the Russian language. In terms of frequency of use, they are in the first hundred of the most used words (the same as , conjunctions and some pronouns). This hundred most frequent words includes 11 particles ( no, same, here, only, yet, already, well, neither, even, whether, after all ).
Comparison with other parts of speech
In their structure and functions, particles are similar to adverbs, conjunctions and interjections.
Particles differ from significant parts of speech in that they do not have lexical meanings, therefore particles are not members of the sentence, but can be part of the members of the sentence. Particles differ from prepositions and conjunctions in that they do not express grammatical relationships between words and sentences, i.e. the particle never connects anything.
When parsing the particle is highlighted together with the word it refers to or is not highlighted at all.
In the science of the Russian language there is no consensus on the classification of particles. Classifications may vary among different authors.
Particle discharges.
According to their meaning and role in a sentence, particles are divided into categories.
- formative,
- negative,
- semantic (modal).
Shaping particles
- particles that participate in the formation of certain forms various parts speech (verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns, pronouns).
- Particles that serve to form verb inflections:
- imperative mood - yes, let (let), come on (let's) :long live, let him go, let's (let's) go;
- subjunctive (conditional) mood - would(b):
said would, helped would
, put on b
; What would did not happen.
Particle would(b) may appear before the verb to which it refers, after the verb, may be separated from the verb in other words: I b went to work. I wanted would live in Moscow. I did more would better. I would made it even better.
Particles let, let, let, yes, come on (let's go) are part of the verb form and are part of the same part of the sentence as the verb, and are underlined with it. The formative particle is a component of the verb form and is written out with the verb during morphological analysis of the verb as a part of speech.
- Particles that form forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives, adverbs, names of states - more, less
: more
important, less
important; more
Interesting, less
boring.
Meaning comparative degree may be amplified by particles more And All : more scarier All more interesting.
When forms are formed, particles become closer to morphemes: more important (the degree of comparison is formed using a suffix) - more important (the degree of comparison is formed with the help of a particle).
Postfixes are not particles -sya(-s), -that, -either, -something And no, neither as part of negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, participles and adjectives, regardless of merged or separate writing. It is necessary to distinguish the particle -That And -That : Which -That, Where -That ( ) - I -That I know everything. (particle)
Comment.
In Babaytseva’s complex on the Russian language, some other authors (Glazunov, Svetlysheva) proposed a different approach, where -something, -either, -something
- attributed to word-forming particles and form pronouns and adverbs : who - someone, someone, anyone, anyone; what - some, some etc. Negative particles are also classified as word-forming particles Not
And neither
: who - no one, no one; when never, never etc. In this case, the particles turn into
.
Using a particle Not
Words with opposite meanings are formed: friend - foe, happiness - misfortune.
Some words without Not
no longer exist: bad weather, slob, ignorant, impossible and etc.
These questions should be clarified with your teacher.
Negative particles
No, neither- the most frequent particles. Besides: no, not at all, not at all.
Particle NOT plays a major role in expressing negation and gives the following meanings:
- negative meaning for the whole sentence: This will not happen.
- negative meaning to an individual member of a sentence: In front of us was not a small, but a large clearing.
- positive meaning, statement (via double negative with not): could not help but help, i.e. should have helped; I couldn't help but say.
Most often a negative particle Not is part of the predicate: At night did not have rain. ( did not have- predicate) I Don't know. (Don't know- tale.)
NI particle gives:
- negative meaning in a sentence without a subject: Neither from place!
- strengthening of negation in sentences with the word not (no), which expresses the main negation: Around No neither souls. Not it is seen neither zgi. In the sky No neither clouds. Sometimes neither used without Not : In the sky neither clouds.
- strengthening and generalizing any statement made in the main clause (for this, in subordinate clause particle is used neither ): What neither (= everything) would do, everything would work out for him. Where neither (= everywhere) you look, there are fields and fields everywhere.
- When repeating the particle neither becomes important coordinating (conjunctive) conjunction : Neither Sun, neither air won't help me. ( neither - union)
- Negative particles include words No.
It is used when there is a negative answer to a spoken or unspoken question: Want? No
. To strengthen the negative word No
repeated or used before a negative predicate: No, I don’t want to.
Particle No corresponds in its role to the affirmative particle in the sentence Yes : Will you go? Yes . - not at all, not at all, not at all .
It is necessary to distinguish neither (not) prefix, particle and conjunction. The prefix is written together ( someone, no one, no one). The particle and conjunction are written separately: no not a soul (particle, strengthens negation); Neither (conjunction) rain, neither (union) snow couldn't stop him.
Semantic particles
Semantic (modal) particles are particles that introduce various shades of meaning into a sentence (clarify, emphasize, intensify), express the feelings and attitude of the speaker.
Particle groups by value:
- Adding shades of meaning:
- interrogative —whether, really, really
:
Really This is true? Is it true whether This? Isn't it do you disagree with me?
Isn't it And really often act as synonyms: Is it (is it really) did not you recognize me? But they can also have different meanings.
In sentences with isn't it doubt is expressed, the speaker seems to be arguing with the interlocutor, confident in the inadmissibility of the fact: Isn't it can I lie?
In sentences with really doubt and surprise appear: Really did he deceive us? - index fingers — here (and here), there (and there), here and, there
.
Highlight the item you need to pay attention to: Here my village. - clarifying — exactly, just, almost, almost, exactly, exactly, exactly
: Exactly
she told me about it. Just
he knew about it.
Particles exactly , just serve to highlight the most important information. - express allocation, limitation(restrictive-excretive) - only, only, exclusively, almost, solely : I am not sick, only) a little tired.
- interrogative —whether, really, really
:
- particles that express the feeling and attitude of the speaker:
- exclamation marks particles - what the, how
, Well:
What a soul! How amazing! Gee!
These particles express admiration, surprise, and indignation.
Particle How has a homonym How - pronoun How and union How .
Particle How usually used in exclamatory sentences: How evenings in Russia are delightful!
Pronoun-adverb How used in interrogative sentences and is a member of the sentence : How are you feeling? How - circumstance.
Union How - in complex sentences: I will tell you, How to live on. - express doubt —hardly, hardly: Barely whether this will do. Hardly he will agree.
- amplifiers particles - even, well, neither, well, really, after all, only, only
and etc.
Particles highlight words in a sentence: Masha knows each other only famous monuments. ( Only - an intensifying particle, in a sentence it is part of the definition only known).
Some particles of this discharge can perform the role of unions : The moon has become brighter, the stars same They just turned blue. Particle same highlights the word stars and connects the first and second sentences. - express relaxation of requirements — —ka.
In combination with imperative verbs, this particle softens the meaning of the verb: Do It! - Do It -ka .
- exclamation marks particles - what the, how
, Well:
What a soul! How amazing! Gee!
Examples:
- Day and night the cat is a scientist All walks around the chain. (A. Pushkin) - intensifying meaning
- Well what the neck, what thelittle eyes! (I. Krylov) - exclamation value
- Yeslong live the sun,Yesdarkness will hide (A. Pushkin) Let the brown one burst stronger. (M. Gorky) - forms the imperative form of the verb
- Same word, but not the samewouldsaid. - forms the subjunctive form of the verb.
- What we were talking about before only thought, now they have brought it to life. We just thought -only not an adverb, not a conjunction, since it does not connect anything, but enhances the meaning of the verb (they thought, but did not do). Therefore it is a particle.
§1. general characteristics particles
A particle is a functional part of speech.
Once upon a time, the linguistic tradition contrasted particles of speech with parts of speech (small function words - large words with independent meaning) and included all function words. Then it was realized that prepositions and conjunctions are separate classes of words, each with its own functions. And the term particle began to be used in a new way, in a narrower meaning.
Like all “small” words, particles have a number of important features:
1) do not change themselves,
2) are not members of the sentence (but some particles may be part of them).
What distinguishes them from other dependent words is that they serve to convey a wide range of additional meanings, emotions, feelings, assessments of the speaker. Without particles, especially frequently presented in colloquial speech, the Russian language would be less rich. Let's compare:
Really he didn't call? (surprise) ≠ He didn’t call? (question)
Just I dreamed about this! (clarification, underlining, expression) ≠ This is what I dreamed about (neutral message)
What the night! (exclamation, assessment) ≠ Night. (nominal sentence)
Even from these examples it is clear that particles are very diverse. In this case, as for all function words, the determining factor for particles is their function (role), according to which they are divided into formative and semantic.
§2. Shaping particles
There are very few form-forming particles.
These are particles: let, let, let, yes, come on. They serve to form the conditional and imperative moods.
Not if it rained, we We'd spend the whole day outside.
Particle would serves as an indicator of the conditional mood of the verb. This is a verb form component. The particle is included in the predicate along with the verb form. This means that formative particles will be included in the members of sentences.
Let's go out of town!
Particle Let's - indicator of the imperative mood. Let's go- this is an incentive to joint action. Here this is the predicate of a definite-personal sentence.
This means that formative particles are particles involved in the formation of the conditional and imperative moods of the verb. In a sentence, they appear together with the verb, even if they do not stand next to each other, and are one member of the sentence (separate particles cannot be members of the sentence).
§3. Meaning particles. Places by value
The bulk of Russian particles are semantic particles. Since they can express a wide range of meanings, it is important to know into which categories they are divided by meaning.
Digits by value:
- Negative: not, neither, not at all, far from, not at all
- Interrogative: really, really, whether (l)
- Demonstratives: this, over there, here, in (colloquial)
- Clarifying: exactly, just, directly, exactly, exactly
- Restrictive-excretory : only, only, exclusively, almost, solely
- Exclamation marks: what the, well and how
- Reinforcing: after all, even, really, after all, not, well, yet, and, yes, but
- Doubts: hardly, hardly, hardly
Do not confuse:
1) Particles and, ah, yes- homonymous to coordinating conjunctions.
AND do not say! AND do not ask! AND do not wait! (Here And- reinforcing particle)
Yes do not say! Yes do not ask! Yes don't wait for him, he won't come! (yes - reinforcing particle)
A, come what may! ( A- reinforcing particle)
2) Particle -That homonymous with the suffix -to in indefinite pronouns: someone, some and so on.
He -That knows what he's saying! We- That we know... Ivan -That knows... (here -That- particle)
3) Particle How homonymous with the pronoun How.
How breathes well after a thunderstorm!, How it's horrible!, How I feel bad! (Here How- exclamation particle)
How is the word written? (interrogative pronoun)
I don't know, How this word is written. (relative pronoun)
Attention:
Some particles may belong not to one, but to different categories, for example: whether or not etc. Compare:
In the house neither souls (= no one, negative) ≠ There were no souls in the room neither souls (amplification)
Tell me you called whether anyone? (interrogative) ≠ Will come in whether is he today? Will have time whether? (doubt)
Test of strength
Check your understanding of this chapter.
Final test
Is it correct to consider particles as an independent part of speech?
Is the part of speech variable?
Can particles be part of sentences?
What particles can be included in the members of a sentence?
- Semantic
- Form-building
What particles help form the imperative and conditional moods?
- Semantic
- Form-building
Particles are formative or semantic Not And neither?
- Semantic
- Formative
The formative or semantic particles are: if only, let, let, yes, come on -?
- Semantic
- Formative
A particle is an auxiliary part of speech that serves to express shades of meaning of words, phrases, sentences and to form word forms.
In accordance with this, particles are usually divided into two categories - semantic and formative.
Particles do not change and are not members of the sentence.
In school grammar, however, it is customary to emphasize the negative particle not together with the word to which it refers; This is especially true for verbs.
Formative particles include particles that serve to form the conditional and imperative forms of the verb. These include the following: would (indicator of the conditional mood), let, let, yes, let (those) (indicators of the imperative mood). Unlike semantic particles, formative particles are components of the verb form and are part of the same part of the sentence as the verb; they are emphasized along with it even in a non-contact arrangement, for example: I would not be late if it had not rained.
Semantic particles express the semantic nuances, feelings and attitudes of the speaker. According to the specific meaning they express, they are divided into the following groups:
1) negative: not, neither, not at all, far from, not at all;
2) interrogative: really, really, whether (l);
3) demonstrative: here, there, this;
4) clarifying: exactly, just, directly, precisely, exactly;
5) restrictive-excretive: only, only, exclusively, almost, solely;
6) exclamation marks: what for, well, and how;
7) intensifying: even, same, nor, after all, really, after all, well;
8) with the meaning of doubt: hardly; hardly.
In some studies, other groups of particles are also identified, since not all particles can be included in these groups (for example, they say, allegedly).
The particle does not appear as negative in constructions impersonal offer with an omitted predicate (Not a sound in the room) and as an intensifier in the presence of an already expressed negation (Not a sound is heard in the room). When repeated, the particle does not act as a repeating coordinating conjunction(No rustling or other sounds are heard in the room.)
The semantic particle -must be distinguished from the word-forming postfix -that, which acts as a means of formation indefinite pronouns and adverbs. Let's compare: some, somewhere (postfix) - I know where to go (particle).
The postfixes -sya (-s), -to, -or, -ni and the prefixes not and are not particles in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, as well as participles and adjectives, regardless of whether they are written together or separately.
Morphological analysis of a particle
Particles are sorted according to the following scheme:
1. Particle.
2. Grammatical features:
Immutable,
Rank by value.
According to school grammar, all particles - both semantic and formative - should be parsed according to this scheme, but it should be noted that the formative particle is a component of the verb form and is written out during morphological analysis along with the verb when parsing the verb as a part of speech.
Sample morphological analysis particles:
I'm not saying that he didn't suffer at all; I’m just now completely convinced that he could continue about his Arabians as much as he wanted, giving only the necessary explanations.
(F. M. Dostoevsky)
not - particle, unchangeable, semantic, negative.
only - a particle, unchangeable, semantic, restrictive-exclusive.
only - a particle, unchangeable, semantic, restrictive-exclusive.
According to school grammar, in this sentence you should also parse the particles as follows:
b - a particle, unchangeable, formative, serves to form the conditional form of the verb.
