When remodeling an apartment or building a private house, you have to install new partitions. Selecting material for them is not so easy. It should not create excessive load on the floor, must be reliable and have good bearing capacity. It is also desirable that the installation be simple and quick, and the price low. There are not many materials and technologies that meet these requirements. These are tongue-and-groove slabs. In this article we will talk about tongue-and-groove ridges.

What kind of material is this and its types

Tongue-and-groove slabs (abbreviated GGP) or blocks - large format construction material for the construction of partitions in the form of a slab, at the ends of which a ridge (tenon) and groove are formed. Hence the name - tongue-and-groove slabs. They are:

Plasticizers and hydrophobic (water-repellent) additives are added to the solution to improve properties. Gypsum gypsum boards have another name - gypsum boards. It is understandable: the gypsum solution is poured into molds. Here is the “source” of this variant of the name.

Moisture resistance and hollowness

According to the area of use, tongue-and-groove slabs can be intended for normal conditions operation (ordinary, standard) or for wet rooms (moisture resistant). Moisture-resistant ones are tinted greenish for better identification.

Both gypsum and silicate tongue-and-groove slabs are either solid or hollow. Solid ones are more durable; hollow ones, due to their lower weight, create less load on the floors. The choice between solid and hollow must be made based on several factors:

Soundproofing characteristics. Monolithic material without voids conducts sounds better, so it is used if sound insulation will be made in a separate layer (the best option) or if it is not so important.
Loads on partitions. If you need to hang shelves, furniture, or fasten some heavy objects on the walls, it is better to use a monolith.

wooden floors

If several factors need to be taken into account, sound insulation is considered last. You can increase noise protection by using special technology installation (on vibration-damping pads), as well as by adding an additional layer of soundproofing materials.

Specifications

If we compare conventional and moisture-resistant tongue-and-groove slabs, the differences in characteristics are only in water absorption and strength. Moisture resistant due to more hydrophobic additives, they almost do not absorb moisture. Because of large number These additives are more expensive, since these additives are expensive. At the same time, they increase strength (M50 compared to M35).

By the way, you can check “without leaving the checkout” whether this is really moisture-resistant PGP or just painted in green color standard. Just pour some water on the surface. Standard slabs will quickly absorb it, but on water-repellent slabs it will remain in a puddle for a long time.

If we compare gypsum and silicate partition blocks, the increased strength of the latter immediately catches the eye - M150 compared to M50 and M35. That is, the strength of silicate slabs is comparable to concrete of a good grade. If you are going to hang something very heavy on the partition, it is better to use silicate. Manufacturers also produce blocks 115 mm thick, which are called inter-apartment blocks.

How else do silicate slabs differ from their gypsum counterparts? Because the standard version does not have such a high absorbency. It is not as low as that of moisture-resistant blocks, but this material can be used in any wet areas(13% compared to 26-32%). The disadvantages of this material are greater weight (with equal dimensions) and lower thermal insulation characteristics.

Silicate or gypsum?

If we compare the soundproofing characteristics of gypsum blocks and silicate ones, the latter, with equal parameters, conduct sounds worse (40-43 dB for gypsum and 48-52 dB for silicate). So for better sound insulation choose silicate.

But silicate blocks same sizes have more weight and higher thermal conductivity (conduct heat better). The key in the choice is weight, since sound and thermal insulation can be improved with the help of additional layers of special materials, but there is no way to reduce the weight of the partition. And if its mass is critical for the overlap, nothing good can be expected.

How to build with tongue-and-groove slabs

In order for a partition made of tongue-and-groove blocks to be reliable and stable, certain conditions must be met:

In general, it is necessary to strictly follow all recommendations and strictly follow the technology. Then tongue-and-groove partitions do not differ in strength and reliability from brick ones, but are erected many times faster.

Marking

The laying of the tongue-and-groove wall begins with markings. If you have a laser plane builder, everything is simple: unfold the plane, draw lines on the floor, walls, ceiling. If there is no such tool, you will have to spend more time. A plumb line will be required. The one that won’t fit in a smartphone is not a measuring tool. It's better to buy from hardware store or make it from twine and a centered weight.

We draw the first line on the ceiling and use a plumb line to transfer it to the floor. By connecting the points on the floor and ceiling, we get lines on the walls. As a result, a closed marking was formed to align the partition.

We inspect the base on which we will place the blocks. It should be perfectly aligned when viewed along the partition line, and should not fall forward or backward when viewed across.

If there are door or window openings in the partition, they must also be marked. With doors everything is simple - we mark them on the floor. It’s more difficult with windows - you need beacons on the walls and ceiling.

Preparing the base

As already said, the base should be perfectly level without tilting in any direction. If there are deviations, concrete floor fill in the leveling screed (not lower than M150). To do this, you will have to assemble the formwork into which the solution is poured. The minimum layer thickness is 3 cm. To get a guaranteed high-quality result, use a self-leveling composition. Just keep in mind that the errors “correct themselves” are not too large. You still need to distribute the composition manually. Simply run a spatula, dispersing the solution along the entire length, and small irregularities are leveled out due to the increased fluidity of the material.

Cover the poured concrete with polyethylene and leave it for about a week. This is if the room temperature does not drop below +20°, during which time it will gain 50% strength. This means that you can work with it. If the temperature is lower, the period increases. At a temperature of 17°C and slightly lower, 2 weeks are already needed... Coat a smooth base with concrete contact - it will improve the adhesion of the base to adhesive composition, on which we will put the GWP.

If we place tongue-and-groove blocks on a wooden floor, the partition must pass over the beam - this is it. Second, we level the base using dry timber. It must be secured so that it is also horizontally aligned in all directions. We fasten the timber to the floor with nails or self-tapping screws. If there is a joint, we connect it into half a tree, additionally coating the joint with wood glue and fastening it with nails.

To improve sound insulation

The main disadvantage of gypsum tongue-and-groove partitions is that the sound insulation is not very high. The situation with silicate blocks is better, but also not ideal. Therefore, we recommend laying vibration-absorbing tape around the perimeter of the partition. It is no secret that most sounds are transmitted through vibrations through the floor, ceiling and adjacent walls and elastic gaskets significantly improve the situation.

Under tongue-and-groove slabs, you can use a strip of bituminized felt or cork with a density of 250-300 kg/m³. The width of the strip is slightly less than the width of the blocks. It is laid on a leveled base using the same binder that you will use to seal the seams between the slabs. The solution is applied to the surface treated with concrete contact (after drying) in a layer of 2-3 mm. Lay the tape by rolling it with a roller, expelling air bubbles. The protruding solution is removed with a spatula. In this way, the tape is glued to the floor, walls, and ceiling. Levelness is checked using a bubble level.

Preparing slabs for installation

If silicate tongue-and-groove slabs are used, no preparation is required - their upper and lower surfaces do not have a groove/ridge. They are absolutely smooth (as in the photo below).

When working with a gypsum tongue-and-groove, first you need to decide whether you will place the blocks with the tongue or groove facing up. It is more convenient to work when the groove is directed upward, but the reverse position is not a mistake.

If you decide to lay the PGP with the groove up, you need to cut off the tenon on all blocks of the first row. The most convenient way to do this is with a hacksaw. The resulting cut is uneven. We level it using a plane.

Note! The cut of the slab must be absolutely even. This determines how firmly the wall of tongue-and-groove slabs will stand. And the cut tongue-and-groove slabs must be the same height.

The seam between the blocks does not exceed 2 mm, so it is almost impossible to correct even small deviations. Therefore, we align carefully and carefully. After leveling, the dust is swept away with a brush and you can begin to build the wall.

First row

The sequence of actions when laying a wall made of tongue-and-groove slabs is simple and very similar to a brick one. There are only some features. Since the partition is usually adjacent to the wall, if a tenon is turned towards it, it is cut off with a saw, the surface is leveled with a plane, and the dust is removed. The next procedure is as follows:

In this way the entire row is lined up. The last slab usually has to be trimmed. This could be the beginning of a doorway or simply the last slab in a row. Its length should be 3-4 mm less than the remaining gap - the seam gap. You should not increase the gap - stability will decrease. For greater confidence, the joint can be reinforced with a metal corner. Two or three corners for each row. It's enough.

Second and subsequent

Tongue-and-groove slabs are laid with staggered seams - like bricks. The shift of the second row can be half or a third of the length. The best option- half. We cut half of the whole slab, cut off the tenon if necessary, and install it. Further masonry is no different. The third row again starts with a whole block, the fourth with a half, etc.

After laying each block, check whether it is positioned correctly. With such block sizes, the error accumulates very quickly. Therefore, we first check each installed block with a level for verticality/horizontalness. and then, placing the bar horizontally, grabbing the adjacent blocks and moving them from top to bottom, make sure there are no gaps. We also check that there are no deviations in the vertical plane.

Control of verticality and horizontality is one of the main tasks

Corner

If the wall being built from tongue-and-groove blocks has outside corner, we start laying from there. To make the work easier, we create a corner support. This could be a corner with fairly wide shelves or two boards connected at 90°C. We put the structure in place, check the correct installation, and temporarily fix it to the ceiling and floor.

We cut off the side tenon of one of the slabs, rest its edge against the installed stop, level it, using a mallet to set the direction. We also cut off the side tenon of the second slab, apply glue to this edge, and join it to the side surface installed slab, tap until there is tight contact (diagram in the figure above).

To install the second row, you need to make a cut in the already installed slab for the lower tenon of the next block. We take a hacksaw for metal and make cuts. Then, using a wall chaser (a tool for working with foam concrete, but it is also useful for laying wiring in the PGP) or any hard tool, we remove the excess, align the groove, making it the same size and shape as the groove. Using a brush or construction vacuum cleaner remove dust.

We place the second row starting from the other side - so that the seam is on the other side of the corner. Apply the solution to the end of the lower block. We take half of the block, cut off the side tenon, and install the bottom one in the prepared groove (far right diagram in the figure below). It should also rest against the established corner. We carefully align the installed tongue-and-groove slabs, checking for verticality and the absence of even the slightest deviation.

Branch

We also need to consider the branch from the partition at a right angle. The partitions will be more reliable if they are made with ligation (middle diagram in the figure). All three slabs that are being installed have the side tenon cut off. The joints are coated with adhesive, and the three blocks are driven close to each other with a mallet. In this case, it is also necessary to ensure that the partition is perpendicular - that is, the angle is 90°.

We line up the second row so that the middle of the block is above the junction. To install it, you will also need to make a groove in the protrusions of the lower block. These rows are then alternated.

There is another way to install a T-shaped partition from a tongue-and-groove - without ligation. To do this, simply lay out the wall (which in the letter T is the top crossbar). TO finished wall, end-to-end, attach the second partition (left diagram in the figure above). To increase the reliability of the connection, metal reinforced perforated corners are installed at the junction.

Doorway

A doorway in a wall made of tongue-and-groove slabs can be made with or without a reinforcing beam. It can be done without a reinforcing beam if the width of the opening does not exceed half the length of the block. Thus, a doorway 900 mm wide can be made without a beam if the ceiling is made of 900 mm long PGP. Moreover, the joint of the plates should be located almost in the middle. A slight shift is allowed (by 10 mm), but so that the length of the entire part of the block to the right and left of the opening is not less than 445 mm.

During installation, before the glue sets, the lintel above the door is reinforced with a stop (a board supported by a pole resting on the floor) or a structure assembled from boards as in the right diagram. In this case, first assemble a U-shaped lintel from boards and secure it with self-tapping screws to the blocks located below (check the horizontality of the lintel). Apply a block and mark how it needs to be cut. It turns out two L-shaped blocks of the same or almost identical sizes. After applying the solution in the right places, they are installed.

If we use tongue-and-groove slabs 667 mm long, a reinforcing beam must be installed under an opening larger than 660 mm. To make a beam, you can use a metal corner, channel, reinforcement, or strips of metal of considerable thickness. It is possible to use dry wooden beam thickness 50 mm or more (pre-treat with an antiseptic). The beam should protrude 400-450 mm beyond the doorway.

You can install tongue-and-groove partitions yourself, because this does not require special skills or knowledge. The material is very easy to use, does not require careful surface preparation, installation lasts a matter of hours. Gypsum boards, from which partitions are built, have a number of advantages, and therefore are increasingly used in private construction.

Properties and characteristics

Tongue-and-groove slabs are often used: what is it? This material It is a monolithic rectangular gypsum slab mixed with various additives. Features of the slabs are longitudinal grooves and protrusions (ridges) at the joints, providing additional strength to the finished structure. The elements are connected using glue.

Properties of tongue-and-groove slabs:

the material is non-toxic;
high resistance to temperature fluctuations;
have no odor;
resistant to rot and insect activity;
have high sound absorption;
vapor permeable;
easy to process with carpentry tools.

For rooms where humidity is high, moisture-resistant GGPs are produced, which differ from ordinary ones in a light green color. During their production, hydrophobic additives are added to natural gypsum, which are absolutely harmless to humans.

Basic specifications:

standard size - 667x500x80 mm;
weight of a hollow slab - 22 kg, solid - 28 kg;
density - 1030 kg/m³;
compressive strength - 5.0 MPa;
bending strength - 2.4 MPa;
high fire resistance.

Advantages of tongue-and-groove partitions

Partitions from PGP are assembled according to the principle of a designer, so one person can install about 30 m² in a day. Even if you have no experience, understanding the process will not be difficult; just read the instructions and look at the photos. The main thing is to correctly mark the partition. The advantages of the material are:

when installing partitions made of tongue-and-groove slabs, there are no wet processes; wallpapering can be carried out immediately after installation work;
with a small thickness, the partitions are distinguished by good strength and thermal insulation;
due to the absence of voids in the connecting seams and gaps at the junction with the main wall, sound insulation in the room is improved;
the pliability of GGP joints eliminates the appearance of cracks and deformations;
The material can not only be wallpapered, but also painted, tiled, and covered with decorative plaster.

Partition installation technology

For 1 m² of a single partition, 5.5 slabs and 1.5 kg of special glue are required. Before starting work, the material must be brought into the room and left for at least 4 hours. The temperature inside the room should not be lower than +5° C.

Additionally you will need:

cork gasket;
building level;
marker and tape measure;
container for glue and water;
drill with attachment;
trowel;
rubber hammer;
staples made of galvanized steel;
self-tapping screws and anchor dowels.

Work begins by cleaning the surface at the junction of the structure. Wallpaper and peeling trim must be removed and large uneven areas smoothed out. cement mortar or putty. If the wall is smooth, the paint (plaster) adheres firmly, it is enough to remove dirt and dust. The floor is prepared in the same way. Next, markings are made on the floor for the partition, and the locations of the openings are marked. Using a level, the marking line is transferred to the ceiling and walls.

Prepare the glue: pour water into a container, add the dry solution, mix with a nozzle and let it sit for 3 minutes. Mixing proportions are indicated on the packaging. They may differ from one manufacturer to another, so you should read the instructions carefully. Apply a strip of glue according to the markings and apply a cork lining. As soon as the glue sets, you can install the first row of slabs.

A layer of glue is applied to the lining, after which the ridge on the long side of the first slab is cut off and installed with this side down. Level the PGP, coat the side cut with glue and install the second slab. Each fragment must be checked with a level, corrected with a rubber hammer. For the second row, the first slab is sawn in half to offset the vertical joints. To connect partitions made of tongue-and-groove slabs to the load-bearing wall, brackets are installed at the junction points. One end of the bracket is fastened with self-tapping screws to the slab, placing it in a horizontal groove, the second is fixed with anchor dowels to the wall. The step of such fastenings is through 2 plates.

When making openings there are also some nuances. If there is only one row of slabs above the opening, and the width is no more than 80 cm, it is enough to place a temporary support until the glue dries. For larger widths, be sure to install a jumper: wooden beam or a metal channel of the appropriate section.

The upper edge of the last row of PGP is sawn at an angle to avoid the formation of voids when filling the seams.

The distance from the edge of the slab to the ceiling should be 1-3 cm. After installing the last element, the gap between the partition and the ceiling is sealed with gypsum mixture or filled with mounting adhesive. At this point, the installation of partitions made of tongue-and-groove slabs is considered complete. The fastening of shelves, cabinets, mirrors and other objects to such walls must be carried out taking into account the load exerted. Up to 30 kg/cm, fastening is carried out using anchor plastic dowels; at higher values, galvanized bolts are used, passing through the entire thickness of the slab.

Conclusion on the topic

When remodeling an apartment, partitions made from PGP are the most profitable solution. In addition to zoning the space, they create additional sound and heat insulation, which allows you to save on materials. But the main advantage is still considered ease of installation, because the services of specialists are very expensive. If you follow the instructions exactly, carry out each stage efficiently and carefully, the partition will turn out no worse than that of professional builders.

Remodeling an apartment is a common thing; all that remains is to decide on the material and technology for constructing new walls and partitions. We suggest paying attention to tongue-and-groove gypsum boards - a practical, affordable and universally applicable material.

Tongue-and-groove slabs and their scope of application

Tongue-and-groove slabs (GGP) are rectangular blocks of gypsum fiber 80 or 100 mm thick. The size of the slabs is standard - height 500 mm, width 667 mm. To strengthen the connection between the plates, their edges are made in the form of grooves and ridges. The technology allows the construction of up to 4 m 2 of partitions per hour.

Standard slabs are used in rooms with normal humidity conditions; moisture-resistant GGPs are used for bathrooms and baths. The plate can be either solid or hollow with horizontal through holes with a diameter of 40 mm. A hollow slab is not only characterized by reduced lightness and thermal conductivity; when laying slabs in one row, the cross-sectional alignment of the holes is guaranteed to be at least 90%, which allows the cavities to be used as technical channels for laying electrical wiring or pipes.

Preparing the installation site

PGPs are universal in use and can be installed in almost any construction environment. Due to their low weight, they do not require a foundation and can be installed directly on a screed or even on a solid wooden floor.

The only requirement for the location of the partition is that the base should not have a horizontal height difference of more than 2 mm per 1 meter. If the floor in the room does not meet these requirements, then a leveling screed 20-25 cm wide is made.

The surface of both the screed and the floor must be coated several times with a deeply penetrating primer, then dried and cleaned. It is optimal to install the PGP before plastering the load-bearing walls, so finishing coating it will turn out more complete.

Damper pad device

To compensate for thermal expansion and settlement of the building, a tape of elastic material is laid at the junction of the partitions with the floor and walls. This could be rubber, balsa wood or silicone tape.

Base cover thin layer glue for GGP and lay the tape. It takes 6-8 hours to harden, after which you can begin constructing the partition.

Installation of the first row

Installation of PGP is carried out strictly in rows, starting from the bottom. The first row is basic and must be correctly oriented in space, vertically and horizontally. The most common error during installation is “waviness” of the partition, which occurs due to a slight displacement in the grooves. To eliminate this phenomenon, when laying each slab, you need to use a rule strip and check against it common plane partitions.

The first row should be laid from the corner. The area where the slab touches the floor and wall is covered with GGP glue, then the block is installed with the ridge up and its position is leveled. It is convenient to use a rubber mallet to move the slabs. Be sure to fasten the first block to the wall and floor using L-shaped plates, the role of which is successfully performed by direct hangers. To use them, you need to cut off the toothed comb from the edges and bring the thickness of the plate to the width of the comb. The plates are first attached to the base using quick-installation dowels with a length of 80 mm or more, then to the slab with black self-tapping screws no less than 60 mm long.

Subsequently, the slabs are attached through one side: on one side to the floor, on the other - to the previous slab, with a preliminary coating of the joint with a thin layer of glue and strong pressing. To control the placement of slabs according to the project, it is convenient to use lacing or laser level. It would also be a good idea to mark the partition on the floor and walls indicating the locations for the doorways.

Construction of a partition and adjoining to load-bearing walls

The second and subsequent rows are laid with a seam offset of at least 150 mm. The slab is located strictly in the plane of the partition thanks to the tongue-and-groove connection. It is enough to control the horizontal installation level and lateral tilt. The outer slabs are attached to the load-bearing walls with L-shaped plates or reinforcement rods 8 mm thick.

To move the joints and remove the edge of the partition, you will need to trim the additional elements to the exact size. It is best to use a regular wood hacksaw with a thick blade and set teeth. If the partition is not adjacent to another wall, its end can be made perfectly flat by increasing the thickness of the glue in the vertical seam from 2 to 6-8 mm.

Arrangement of doorways

The vertical edges of the openings do not require additional reinforcement. To lay slabs over an opening with a width of less than 90 cm, it is necessary to build a supporting U-shaped strip, which can be removed after the glue has dried.

Openings 90 cm wide or more require laying on top of a series of support beam slabs - 40 mm boards or 70 mm reinforced CD profile. To reach one level, it is recommended to trim the slabs laid on top of the crossbar. The jumper is placed into the partition at least 50 cm on each side.

Corners and intersections of partitions

At the corners and junctions of partitions, it is necessary to strengthen the masonry. To do this, the slabs are laid across a row, alternately covering the joints. In places where the relaying occurs, it is necessary to remove the ridges; they are cut with a hacksaw into sections of 4-5 cm and chipped with a chisel.

The connection can be further strengthened with sections of straight hangers or welded T-shaped elements made of smooth reinforcement. In any case, additional trimming of the ridge to the required distance will be required.

Top row bookmark

When laying the top row, the largest amount of waste is generated due to cutting to the desired height. They can be glued and placed in voids, since this row of partitions does not experience a strong functional load.

Electrical wiring is usually laid in the voids of the top row, so it is important to prevent glue from getting into the holes. To facilitate cable pulling, you can additionally drill holes or make transverse holes with a diameter of 45 mm.

When laying the top row, it is necessary to maintain a gap from the ceiling of at least 15 mm to compensate for the deflection of the ceiling during settlement. The top row also needs to be attached to the floor of every second slab. Upon completion of installation, the remaining space is filled with polyurethane foam.

Interior finishing options

With proper installation of the PGP, the curvature of the surface is no more than 4-5 mm per meter of plane. This is an acceptable indicator for wallpapering walls. The outer corners of the partitions must be protected with a perforated corner profile placed on the starting putty. The internal corners are also puttied, strengthening them with sickle. The joints between the plates are cleaned with an 80 grit abrasive mesh, then the entire surface is coated twice with a high-adhesion primer.

Leveling walls made of PGP can be done with any finishing putty, but reinforcement of the coating will be required fiberglass mesh. Often, puttying partitions is used only to hide seams; as a rule, the layer does not exceed 2-4 mm. The tiles can be laid directly on the surface of the PGP with preliminary priming.

The appearance of this material was caused by the need to reduce the labor intensity and cost of masonry.

Judge for yourself - one tongue-and-groove gypsum slab 66.7 cm long and 50 cm high replaces 14 one and a half sand-lime bricks or 20 pieces of single red ones (250x120x65mm).

For a silicate tongue-and-groove slab, these figures are more modest (5 and 7 bricks, respectively), but also quite acceptable for speeding up and reducing the cost of work.

Partitions made of tongue-and-groove slabs (GGP) are intended for installation in residential and public buildings with a ceiling height of no more than 4.2 m.

Since such slabs have a large lateral surface and small width (from 8 to 10 cm), then to increase the stability of the masonry, a tongue-and-groove joint is made on the side faces. This design solution simultaneously increases the evenness of the partition, since the slab fits precisely on the longitudinal seam and is securely connected to the adjacent one.

Gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs

They are made using casting technology from gypsum grades G-4 or G-5.

Construction gypsum is an environmentally friendly and breathable material. Therefore, partitions made from it comply with strict sanitary and hygienic standards regulating quality finishing materials. To improve performance and strength characteristics, plasticizing additives are added to gypsum.

Modern gypsum tongue-and-groove boards, depending on the degree of moisture absorption, are divided into conventional and moisture-resistant. To reduce water absorption, granulated blast furnace slag and Portland cement are added to the feedstock. In order to distinguish such slabs from ordinary ones, they are painted green.

Standard gypsum partition blocks can only be used in buildings with dry and normal humidity levels, and moisture-resistant (hydrophobic) ones can also be installed in wet rooms (according to the requirements of SNiP II-3-79)

Table No. 1 Main technical characteristics of tongue-and-groove gypsum slabs

In terms of thermal insulation, a tongue-and-groove gypsum slab with a thickness of 80 mm is equivalent concrete wall 400 mm thick. Its noise insulation coefficient ranges from 34 to 40 dB, which is a good indicator for partition structures.

The fire resistance of solid gypsum blocks is very high. They are able to withstand direct exposure to fire for 3 hours (temperature about +1100 C) without loss of load-bearing capacity.

To reduce the weight of masonry, hollow gypsum boards are produced standard size 667x500x80 mm. Their weight is almost 25% less than that of full-bodied ones (22-24 versus 30-32 kg).

In addition, there is a gradation of gypsum boards depending on the shape of the tongue and groove (rectangular and trapezoidal). However, this parameter does not have a significant impact on the quality and strength of the partitions.

Silicate tongue-and-groove slabs

The technology for manufacturing silicate slabs consists of preparing a mixture of quartz sand, water and quicklime, which is then pressed and placed in an autoclave chamber. There under the influence high temperature and pressure, a strong lime-sand conglomerate is formed.

Silicate tongue-and-groove blocks for partitions have higher mechanical strength compared to gypsum blocks and a lower level of water absorption. Therefore, they can be used without restrictions for the construction of self-supporting structures interior walls and for the construction of partitions in wet rooms.

The weight of this silicate block is 15.6 kg with a density of 1870 kg/m3. Gypsum boards have a lower density - 1570 kg/m3, which has a positive effect on the quality of heat and sound insulation.

Table No. 2 Main technical characteristics of silicate tongue-and-groove slabs

Silicate slabs resist fire no worse than gypsum slabs. They do not emit toxic gases and do not conduct electricity. In addition, the tongue-and-groove lock dampens sound well.

The gas permeability (breathability) of the silicate partition block is at a high level and provides a comfortable microclimate in the room. This material, even with significant fluctuations in humidity, does not deform or rot.

Manufacturers and prices

Tongue-and-groove blocks produced under the Knauf and Volma brands are in high demand today. The reasons for this are the predictability of their strength characteristics and high accuracy geometry. This reduces cost and labor intensity finishing works.

Such structures do not need to be plastered, but, having been primed, they can be immediately covered with wallpaper or painted.

Today on the building materials market you can find offers for the sale of tongue-and-groove slabs for an average of 200 rubles per piece.

Installation features

The laying of partitions from tongue-and-groove blocks is carried out after the installation of load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings is completed, before the installation of a clean floor and finishing work begins.

When redeveloping or reconstructing residential and civil facilities, tongue-and-groove partitions can be erected not only as single ones, but also as double ones. The last option is used in cases where hidden installation is required utility networks or insulate a partition, one side of which opens into a cold room.

On-site installation of tongue-and-groove slabs is reduced to joining at the seams, with periodic monitoring of the verticality and horizontality of each row. When assembling interior partitions, the slabs are placed both with the groove down and up. The standards recommend laying them with the groove up, since in this case the mounting glue mixture evenly distributed in the tongue-and-groove space.

As an adhesive base for installation, you can use standard aerated concrete adhesive or Fugenfüller putty.

Installation sequence

The base under the partition is leveled with cement-sand mortar, after which the first row of partition slabs is placed on it level. Before joining, the groove and tongue surfaces of each slab are covered with an adhesive solution so that the thickness of the seam at the joints does not exceed 1-2 mm.

Installation is carried out with dressing of the joining seams. To create an elastic connection to the enclosing and load-bearing structures tongue-and-groove partitions are secured with special brackets.

The bracket is installed in the groove of the slab and fixed with a self-tapping screw to the floor panel or with an anchor dowel to the enclosing structure.

In addition, in such connections, standards recommend the use of gaskets made of cork or bituminized felt, installing them along the entire perimeter of the external joint.

If the width of the doorway does not exceed 80 cm and only one row of tongue-and-groove slabs will be installed above it, then the standards allow not to use a lintel. Its role is played by a door frame or a supporting structure, which is removed after gaining strength with an adhesive solution (Fig. 1)

Picture 1

For larger opening widths installation of a steel or wooden lintel beam above it is mandatory (see Fig. 2)

All areas of contact between partitions and load-bearing walls and the ceilings are sealed with gypsum mortar.

This Code of Rules contains instructions on constructive solutions for partitions and wall claddings using gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs and methods of their installation, the implementation of which ensures compliance with the mandatory requirements for such structures established by current regulatory documents.

The choice of a specific design solution and materials for constructing structures falls within the competence of the design or construction organization.

If the decisions and materials recommended in this document are adopted for implementation, all rules established herein must be complied with in full.

The document was developed taking into account the experience of constructing these structures from materials supplied by KNAUF group enterprises. If materials from other manufacturers are used for the construction of structures provided for in this Code of Practice, their compliance with the requirements of this document must be confirmed in the prescribed manner.

The set of rules is intended for design and construction organizations, as well as operational services.

The set of rules was developed by TsNIIPromzdaniy OJSC (Deputy General Director, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Honored Builder of the Russian Federation CM. Glikin), LLC "KNAUF MARKETING NOVOMOSKOVSK" ( CEO I.E. Kovaleva) and KNAUF SERVICE LLC (consulting engineer T.N. Skvortsov).

SP 55-103-2004

CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

DESIGNS WITH APPLICATION
Gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs

STRUCTURES WITH APPLICATION
GYPSUM PLATES

Date of introduction 2004-10-01

1 AREA OF USE

Structures using gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs can be used in buildings for various purposes, with varying degrees of fire resistance and functional class fire danger, any number of storeys and any structural systems erected in all climatic regions of the country, including seismic regions and areas with other special conditions, while meeting the regulatory requirements for structures.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

The list of regulatory documents referenced in this Code of Practice is given in the Appendix.

3 GENERAL PROVISIONS

3.1 This Code of Practice should be used to guide the design, construction and operation of enclosing structures using gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs in residential, public, administrative and industrial buildings.

3.2 This Code of Rules contains recommended design solutions for partitions and wall cladding using gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs, as well as component materials and products supplied by KNAUF group enterprises, specified in section . When applying these technical solutions, the design parameters provided for in this Code of Practice, including cross-sectional dimensions, the maximum permissible height of structures, as well as the connection devicetions and interfaces with other building structures may be used directly without carrying out supporting calculations. If slabs and component materials and products are used that differ from those specified in the section , the above parameters must be determined by calculation or test results.

3.3 Products and materials specified in the section , must meet the requirements of the relevant standards or technical specifications, and for materials supplied abroad - a certificate of conformity (if there is a domestic analogue) or a technical certificate (if there is no domestic analogue).

3.4 Materials and products must have mandatory accompanying documentation, including: certificates of conformity (for materials subject to mandatory certification); hygienic conclusion (for materials included in the list approved by the Russian Ministry of Health); fire safety certificates (for materials included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification in the field of fire safety); instructions for use.

4 MATERIALS USED FOR CONSTRUCTIONS MADE FROM GYPSUM TONGUE BOARDS

4.1 Gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs

4.1.1 This Code of Rules for the construction of structures provides for the use of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs in accordance with TU 5742-007-16415648-98, TU 5742-014-03984362-96, TU 5742-001-56798576-2004 and TU 5742-003-05287561-2003, physical - technical characteristics of which are given in the table .

4.1.2 The range of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs includes ordinary and hydrophobized (moisture resistant) slabs, solid and PUhundred-bodied. Ordinary slabs should be used in enclosing structures of rooms with dry and normal humidity conditions, and hydrophobized ones can also be used in rooms with wet conditions according to SNiP 23-02.

Table 4.1

Item No.	Index	Unit change	Plates according to specifications
			TU 5742-007-16415648-98	TU 5742-014-03984362-96	TU 5742-001-56798576-2004	TU 5742-003-05287561-2003
						ordinary	hydroph.
	Density, no more	kg/m 3	1250			1100		1200
	Holiday humidity, no more
	Compressive strength, not less	MPa
	Bending strength, not less	MPa
	Coefficient of thermal conductivity: l A	W/m × °C	0,29
	l B		0,35
	Water absorption of hydrophobized slabs, no more
	Specific effective activity of radionuclides, no more	Bq/kg
	Flammability group according to GOST 30244		ng

Table 4.2

Specifications	Slab dimensions, mm			Permissible maximum deviations, mm
	Length L	Width IN	Thickness t	Length L	Width IN	Thickness t
TU 5742-007-16415648-98			80; 100		± 2
TU 5742-014-03984362-96
TU 5742-001-56798576-2004			80; 100
						± 0,5
TU 5742-003-05287561-2003 (solid)
				± 5
TU 5742-003-05287561-2003 (hollow)
Note - Plates according to TU 5742-007-16415648-98, TU 5742-014-03984362-96, TU 5742-001-56798576-2004 - solid. Plates according to TU 5742-003-05287561-2003 - hollow and solid.

In rooms with wet conditions, the use of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs is not allowed.

4.1.3 The nominal dimensions of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs and maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions are given in the table .

4.1.4 Gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs are shaped like a groove and a tongue various types(drawing ).

TU 5742-007-16415648-98

TU 5742-003-05287561-2003

TU 5742-014-03984362-96

TU 5742-001-56798576-2004

TU 5742-007-16415648-98

TU 5742-001-56798576-2004

Picture 1 - Types of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs according to the shape of the groove and tongue (dimensions are given as a guide and are not a rejection criterion)

4.2 Accessories and products

4.2.1 For fastening partitions and cladding to enclosing structures with an elastic connection, as well as fastening door frames to partitions, it is recommended to use brackets, the nomenclature of which is given in the table .

4.2.2 To fasten brackets to tongue-and-groove plates, it is recommended to use self-tapping screws 35 mm long with a countersunk head and a sharp end, made from steel grades 10, 10KP, 15, 15KP, 20 and 20KP according to GOST 10702 , and for attaching them to enclosing structures - expandable anchor dowels, the nomenclature of which is given in the table .

Table 4.3

General appearance and dimensions	Product and material designation	Purpose
		Bracket S-1 For fastening partitions with elastic connection
		Bracket S-2 For fastening door frame to the partition
		Corner protection profile for finishing external corners of partitions

Table 4.4

General form	Name	Length, mm	Diameter, mm
	Self-tapping screw with a countersunk head and a sharp end (screw)
	Plastic anchor dowel		6 ,0
			6 ,0

			10,0

	Metal anchor dowel
	Metal anchor dowel		12,0

4.2.3 When elastically connecting partitions with other enclosing structures, it is recommended to use an elastic gasket made of cork with a density of at least 250 kg/m 3 or bituminized felt with a density of at least 300 kg/m 3 . The width of the spacers must be at least 75 mm for slabs 80 mm thick and at least 95 mm for slabs 100 mm thick.

4.2.4 When laying gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs, as well as for attaching elastic gaskets to enclosing structures, it is recommended to use dry glue putty mixture based on gypsum binder “KNAUF-Fugen-Füller™” according to TU 5745-011-04001508-97 and TU 5745-021-03984362-2001. When laying hydrophobized (moisture-resistant) gypsum boards, it is recommended to use the KNAUF-Fugenfüller Hydro™ putty mixture according to TU 5745-021-03984362-2001.

4.2.5 To protect internal corners in partitions and cladding made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs, reinforcing tape (serpyanka) should be used, and to protect external corners - procorner protective filler PU 31/31 according to TU 1121-004-04001508-2003 (table ).

4.2.6 To install a heat and sound insulating layer in partitions, the materials specified in the project documentation for a specific building.

4.2.7 To prepare the surface of partitions and cladding made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs for finishing, it is recommended to use the KNAUF-Tiefengrund™ primer supplied by the KNAUF group enterprises.

4.2.8 To prepare the surface of partitions and cladding made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs for high-quality painting, it is recommended to use the KNAUF-Finishpaste™ putty composition supplied by KNAUF group enterprises.

4.2.9 In rooms where the surfaces of structures made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs are exposed to direct moisture, they should be protected with KNAUF-Flechendicht™ waterproofing mastic, and in places where gypsum slab structures interface with each other and withFor the floor, it is recommended to use self-adhesive sealing waterproofing tape “KNAUF-Flechendichtband®”, supplied by the KNAUF group of companies.

5 TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR STRUCTURES FROM GYPSUM TONGUE BOARD PLATES

5.1 General provisions

5.1.1 This section applies to the design of structures of partitions and internal cladding of external walls made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs.

5.1.2 The section contains instructions on the design and design solutions of the main components of the structures listed above, their scope of application and physical and technical characteristics.

5.1.3 General requirements are imposed on structures using gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs in terms of:

Surface quality;

Fire-technical and hygienic characteristics of the materials used;

Characteristics of resistance to environmental influences, including high humidity and chemical aggression.

5.1.4 Meeting the requirements for surface quality, hygienic and fire-technical characteristics of structures is ensured by the properties of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs, provided that they comply with the requirements of this Code of Rules.

5.1.5 Resistance of structures to influences environment provided under the following conditions:

For structures operating in humid temperature and humidity conditions, characterized by SNiP 23-02, hydrophobized gypsum boards are used;

For structures operating in aggressive environments, metal elements protected from corrosion in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11.

5.2 Partitions

To the partitions building codes and the rules impose requirements in terms of resistance to the effects of its own weight, the weight of attached equipment, other operational, wind and seismic loads, as well as to the effects of accidental impacts.

Partitions of multi-apartment residential buildings (except for interior partitions with openings) and partitions between work areas of non-production buildings must also meet sound insulation requirements.

Partitions separating heated and unheated rooms of buildings for various purposes must also meet the requirements for resistance to heat transfer and vapor barrier.

Partitions in buildings with standardized fire-technical characteristics of building structures must meet the requirements for the fire hazard class and fire resistance limit.

General requirements

5.2.1 This section applies to partitions used in rooms with dry, normal and wet conditions according to SNiP 23-02.

Table 5.1

Scheme	Design	Weight 1 m 2, kg
	Single	100
	Double	200
	Double with an additional layer of heat and sound insulating material	200* 250*
* Without taking into account the mass of the heat and sound insulating layer. Note - The numerator indicates the mass for partitions made of slabs with a thickness of 80 mm, and the denominator - 100 mm.

5.2.3 When choosing partition schemes, force and other influences, the class of functional and structural hazards and the degree of fire resistance of the building, as well as space-planning parameters (including height) and operating conditions should be taken into account.

Design requirements

5.2.4 Partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs should be designed from slabs of the same type as self-supporting structures and should be designed to withstand the following loads:

Horizontal wind in accordance with SNiP 2.01.07;

Vertical from the own weight of the structures;

From the weight of household appliances and plumbing equipment hung on the structure;

Seismic (if the building is located in seismic areas).

5.2.5 The strength and stability of the adopted version of the structural scheme of the partitions should be checked by calculation for the action of wind load, taken equal to 0.2W 0 , where W 0 - calculated value of wind speed pressure, determined by SNiP 2.01.07.

5.2.6 The calculated seismic load taken into account in the calculations for seismic impacts is 6.5 for areas with seismicity 7, 8 and 9, respectively; 12.8 and 25.6 kg/m2.

5.2.7 To ensure the strength of the partitions when exposed to attachments, the provisions of the section should be taken into account of this Code of Rules.

5.2.8 The resistance of partitions to accidental impacts should be ensured by installing protective corner profiles at the outer corners.

5.2.9 The length of the partitions should not exceed 6 m, and the height - 3.6 m. Large partitions are recommended to be made from separate fragments, the dimensions of which should not exceed those indicated above, with the installation of a frame attached to the load-bearing structures of the building.

5.2.10 Interior partitions are designed as single, and between apartments as double, with the formation of an air gap, as well as with an additional layer of soundproofing material.

5.2.11 It is recommended to design partitions with the slabs installed with the groove facing up to ensure uniform distribution mounting adhesive at the tongue-and-groove joint.

If necessary, it is possible to install the slabs with the groove down.

The slabs must be placed staggered, with the end (vertical) joints offset by at least 100 mm.

Interfacing of partitions with other building structures

5.2.12 For partitions that are not presented regulatory requirements by soundco-insulation, it is recommended to use rigid coupling in places where they adjoin the enclosing structures directly through a solution of mounting adhesive (pictures - ).

5.2.13 For partitions that are subject to regulatory requirements for sound insulation, it is recommended to use an elastic connection between them and the building envelope (figures - ).

5.2.14 Elastic coupling should be performed by attaching the partition to walls, other partitions and ceilings with metal brackets and using an elastic gasket.

5.2.15 The horizontal installation spacing of metal brackets should not exceed 1335 mm for slabs of size 667´ 500 mm and 1800 mm with slabs size 900´ 300 mm; vertically - 1000 mm with slabs size 667´ 500 mm and 900 mm with slabs size 900´ 300 mm. In this case, at least three fastenings must be provided on each side of the partition.

Providing sound insulation

5.2.16 Required insulation index airborne noise R w partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs should be installed in accordance with the instructions SNiP 23-03.

5.2.17 The airborne noise insulation index of some types of partitions can be taken from the table when designing .

Table 5.2

Partition type	Thickness of tongue-and-groove plate, mm	Airborne noise insulation indexR w, dB
Single layer
Single layer
Double layer with 40 mm air gap

5.2.18 The airborne noise insulation index of two-layer partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs with an additional soundproofing layer in all cases must be determined by testing in accordance with GOST 27296.

Fire technical characteristics of partitions

5.2.19 The fire resistance limit of single-layer partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs according to the “Manual for determining the fire resistance limits of structures, the limits of fire propagation along structures and the flammability path” with slab thicknesses of 80 mm and 100 mm is respectively EI 130 and EI 160, and the structural fire hazard class is KO.

Figure 2 - Constructive decisions rigid connection of a single-layer partition with enclosing structures

Figure 3 - Constructive solutions for rigid coupling of a two-layer partition with enclosing structures

Figure 4 - Designs of single-layer nodes ( A) and two-layer ( B) partitions when rigidly adjacent to the wall and forming an angle

Figure 5 - Constructive solutions for elastic coupling of a single-layer partition with enclosing structures

Figure 6 - Constructive solutions for elastic coupling of a two-layer partition with enclosing structures

Figure 7 - Designs of partition assemblies with elastic coupling with enclosing structures

Figure 8 - Designs of pipeline passage units with a diameter of up to 60 mm ( A) and more ( B) through the partition and through the shaft (B)

Figure 9 - Constructive solutions for rigid ( A) and elastic ( B) junction of wall cladding with enclosing structures

Figure 10 - Designs of wall cladding units in areas of window openings ( A) And expansion joint (B)

5.2.20 According to SNiP 21-01 partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs can be used in residential, public and industrial buildings all degrees of fire resistance.

5.2.21 In places where partitions interface with water supply, steam and water heating pipelines, it is necessary to install a sleeve made of fireproof materials, ensuring free movement of pipes when the temperature of the coolant changes (Figure ).

5.2.22 When crossing a fire barrier with pipelines with a diameter of more than 60 mm, the pipeline should be insulated with a casing with a fire resistance of at least 0.5 hours at a length of 6.5 m from the plane of the partition.

5.2.23 When crossing fire partitions air ducts, the walls of the air ducts must have fire protection, providing a fire resistance limit of at least 0.5 hours for buildings I and II degrees of fire resistance in accordance with SNiP 41-01.

5.3 Internal cladding of external walls

5.3.1 It is recommended to use internal cladding of external walls with gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs for additional heat and sound insulation.

5.3.2 Between the cladding and the wall, a layer of heat and sound insulating material may be additionally provided, the characteristics of which must be accepted based on the results of thermal engineering calculations according to SNiP 23-02 from the condition of inadmissibility of moisture accumulation in the wall over an annual period and moisture limitation for a period with negative average monthly temperatures.

5.3.3 The calculated value of the airborne noise insulation index with gypsum tongue-and-groove cladding should be determined in accordance with the instructions SNiP 23-03.

5.3.4 By analogy with partitions, the interface of the cladding with adjacent enclosing structures can be rigid or elastic (Figure ).

5.3.5 It is recommended to cover the gaps between the cladding and the wall at the junctions with the windows with gypsum fiber sheets GOST R 51829 which are attached to the cladding using dowels through a galvanized channel 40´ 75 ´ 40 ´ 2.0 mm. The channel, placed on the end of the slab, is secured to it with self-tapping screws. The gap between the end of the gypsum fiber sheet and the window frame should be sealed with silicone or thiokol sealant (Figure ).

5.3.6 At locations expansion joints walls when facing them gypsum boards With additional insulation thermal insulation material in the vapor barrier layer, it is necessary to provide a compensator device (Figure ).

5.3.7 It is recommended to attach the layer of additional thermal insulation to the wall using glue or expansion dowels.

5.3.8 When using cladding as a fire-retardant element, which increases the value of the fire-technical characteristics of the wall, the actual fire resistance limit of such walls should be established by tests according to GOST 30247.1 , and the fire hazard class is according to GOST 30403.

6 TECHNOLOGY OF INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES FROM GYPSUM TONGUE-TOB BOARDS

6.1 Installation of partitions and cladding

6.1.1 It is recommended to install partitions during the finishing work. Work on wall cladding is also carried out during the finishing work process, when the wiring of electrical and sanitary systems is completed.

6.1.2 Before installing partitions and cladding, all construction work associated with “wet” processes must be completed. Installation must be carried out under dry or normal humidity conditions at an air temperature in the room not lower than +5 ° C before installing a clean floor.

6.1.3 Before installation, gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs must be kept at a temperature not lower than +5 °C for 4 hours.

6.1.4 Before starting work on installing partitions and cladding, dust and dirt must be removed from the base floor, walls and ceiling.

6.1.5 In accordance with the project, it is necessary to mark the position of the partition or cladding on the floor and use a plumb line to transfer it to the walls and ceiling. The position of the openings should also be marked on the floor.

6.1.6 If the floor surface is uneven, they must be eliminated with a leveling layer of cement-sand mortar brands not lower than 50.

6.1.7 When elastically connecting a partition or cladding with enclosing structures, an elastic gasket is glued to the latter at the junction points with assembly adhesive. In this case, it is necessary to ensure the horizontal position of the gasket on which the bottom row of slabs should be installed. You should begin installing the slabs after the glue has set.

6.1.8 If the slabs are laid with the groove up, the ridge must be removed from all slabs in the first row using a roughing plane.

6.1.9 When installing the slabs of the lower row, the compliance of their position with the design one should be controlled using a rule and a level.

6.1.10 When laying subsequent rows, a mounting compound is applied in the groove of the bottom row of slabs and in the vertical end groove of the installed slabs.glue and each slab are pressed down using a rubber hammer. Excess glue that comes out is immediately removed and used in the future.

6.1.11 During the process of laying slabs, it is necessary to control the thickness of vertical and horizontal joints, which should not exceed 2 mm, and use a rule and level to check the flatness of the wall.

6.1.12 When laying slabs staggered, additional elements are used, obtained by cutting standard slabs into specified sizes hand hacksaw with a wide blade and large teeth or a special power tool.

6.1.13 For the last row, slabs with beveled edges should be used, and if necessary, they should be cut to fit the ceiling surface configuration.

6.1.14 The slabs of the top row, as a rule, should be laid on the previous row with the long side, but to reduce waste, they can also be laid with the short side, subject to obligatory spacing of the end joints.

6.1.15 When elastically connecting a partition or cladding with adjacent structures, the fastening bracket is installed in the groove of the slab and secured to it with self-tapping screws, and to the enclosing structures - with anchor dowels.

6.1.16 Openings with a height of no more than 1/4 of the height of the partition and the area of which does not exceed 1/10 of the area of the partition may be made by cutting into the mounted partition. It is recommended to make large openings during the installation of the partition. For an opening up to 800 mm wide, if only one row of slabs is placed above it, a mounting structure is fixed above the opening to ensure the design position of the slabs before the adhesive sets in the joints (Figure ). If the opening is wider, a lintel with a support depth of at least 500 mm should be installed above it.

6.1.17 Door frames should be secured in the partition opening using self-tapping (drilling) screws according to the drawings And .

6.1.18 When forming a corner and where partitions or facings intersect with each other, the slabs should be laid with overlapping joints below the row located (Figure ).

6.1.19 To protect against mechanical damage, a PU 31/31 corner protection profile is fixed to the outer corners of the partitions, which, during installation, is pressed into the pre-applied layer of glue, after which it is used with a wide spatula or a spatula for external corners Apply a leveling layer.

6.1.20 Internal corners should be reinforced using reinforcing tape, which is embedded in a layer of adhesive, and then a leveling layer is applied on top using an internal corner spatula.

Figure 11 - Installation diagram installation structure when constructing a doorway

6.1.21 To prepare for finishing, the joints of the slabs are puttied using a wide spatula, and after drying, they are treated with a manual grinding device.

6.2 Installation of electrical and low-current wiring and piping

6.2.1 For electrical and low-current wiring in a partition or cladding made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs, grooves are made using a groove maker, in which the wiring is sealed with gypsum mounting adhesive. In this case, the groove spacing must be no less than the thickness of the slab, the depth must not be less than 1 cm, and the thickness of the slab behind the groove must not be less than 40 mm or 50 mm for slabs with a thickness of 80 and 100 mm, respectively (Figure ).

6.2.2 For sockets, distribution boxes and switches in the partition or cladding, holes are drilled with an electric drill with a special attachment.

6.2.3 For small-diameter pipelines, grooves are also cut out and then sealed with gypsum assembly adhesive. The amount of embedding and the distance between the grooves should not be less than those shown in the diagram (Figure ).

6.2.4 Large diameter pipes, as well as groups of pipelines and air ducts should be placed between the layers of a two-layer partition. In this case, after installing one layer of the gypsum partition, all engineering communications are fixed to it, and then the second layer of the partition is erected. The pipelines must not come into contact with the partition slabs.

7 FINISHING SURFACES OF STRUCTURES MADE FROM GYPSUM TONGUE-GRAVE PLATES

7.1 The surface of partitions and cladding made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs can be preparedsuitable for painting, wallpapering, ceramic tiles or decorative plaster.

Drawing 12 - Design of door frame fastening units in a single-layer partition with an opening width of up to 900 mm ( A), up to 1600 mm ( B) and up to 2000 mm ( IN)

Figure 13 - Design of door frame fastening units in two-layer partitions with opening widths up to 900 mm ( A), up to 1600 mm ( B) and up to 2000 mm ( IN)

Figure 14 - Layout diagram of slabs at the intersection of partitions

Figure 15 - Schematic diagrams placement of pipelines, electrical and low-current wiring in partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs

7.2 To improve the adhesion of the paint layer, the entire surface should be treated with KNAUF-Tiefengrund™ primer, which is applied using a roller or brush. Complete drying of the primer coating occurs after 3 hours.

The final finishing preparation of the surface should be carried out using the KNAUF-Finishpaste™ putty composition, which is applied to the surface with a wide spatula in a thin layer. After drying, the surface is sanded.

7.3 Water-based, oil-based, resin, polyurethane or epoxy paints can be used to paint the surface. The use of lime paints and paints based on liquid glass is not allowed.

7.5 When finishing wallpaper, before pasting, it is recommended to treat the entire surface with KNAUF-Tiefengrund™ primer.

7.6 The surfaces of partitions and cladding made of moisture-resistant gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs in rooms with wet conditions should be finished with ceramic tiles on a pre-applied layer of KNAUF-Tiefengrund™ primer.

7.7 It is recommended to pre-coat the surface of structures exposed to direct moisture (in showers, near sinks) with KNAUF-Flechendicht™ waterproofing mastic, which is applied with a brush or roller, and glue the corners with KNAUF-Flechendicht™ sealing waterproofing tape.

7.8 After the waterproofing mastic or primer coating has dried, KNAUF-Fliesenkleber® tile adhesive, TU 5745-012-04001508-97, is applied with a notched trowel, onto which the ceramic tiles are laid.

7.9 The seams between the slabs are filled with grouting compounds, for which it is recommended to use the KNAUF-Fugenbunt™ compound.

8 BASIC SAFETY RULES DURING WORK

8.1 Construction of structures made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs should be carried out in compliance with the requirements SNiP 12-04.

8.2 Persons who have been instructed in safety precautions, industrial sanitation, trained in installation techniques and have a certificate for the right to carry out work should be allowed to install structures using gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs.

8.3 Workers must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment.

8.4 Work on the installation of structures using gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs is recommended to be carried out by specialized teams with experience in installing such structures and equipped with special tools.

8.5 The tools, equipment, fixtures and fittings used for the installation of structures used during the work must meet the safety conditions for performing construction and installation work. The recommended list of special tools is given in the appendix .

9 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

9.1 Gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs are transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation of goods in force for this type of transport.

9.2 The slabs are transported in packaged form. Transport packages are formed from slabs of the same type and size. Packaging schemes are established in the technological documentation.

By agreement with the consumer, transportation of slabs in unpackaged form is allowed.

9.3 When stored at the consumer's place, transport packages of slabs can be stacked on top of each other in accordance with safety regulations. In this case, the height of the stack should not exceed 2 m.

When loading, unloading, transporting and storing slabs, measures must be taken to prevent the possibility of damage and moisture. It is not allowed to load slabs in bulk or unload them by dropping them.

9.4 During the period of steady negative temperatures To avoid freezing of the boards between each other, packaging is done using cushioning material between the boards.

9.5 The slabs should be stored in rooms with dry and normal humidity conditions, separately by type and size.

9.6 The manufacturer must guarantee that gypsum tongue-and-groove boards comply with all the requirements of the manufacturer for at least a year, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage.

9.7 Heat and sound insulating materials can be transported by any means of transport, provided they are protected from moisture.

9.8 Thermal and sound insulating materials should be stored in closed warehouses or under a canopy, provided they are protected from moisture.

9.9 Screws, dowels, metal plates for fastening can be transported by any type of transport, packed in boxes or boxes equipped with labels, and stored under a canopy.

10 ACCEPTANCE OF ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES FROM GYPSUM TONGUE-TOGGED PLATES

10.1 It is recommended that the designs of partitions and cladding made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs be adopted in stages with the execution of appropriate acts for hidden work (laying electrical and low-current wiring, laying heat and sound insulating materials and etc.).

10.2 The mounted structures of partitions and cladding must be smooth and smooth surfaces free of dirt, glue and putty compounds, unfilled seams and cavities. You should check for cracks and broken corners. The heads of screws, bolts and anchors facing the front side of the structure must be recessed into the body of the slab.

10.3 Defects in the surfaces of partitions and claddings should not exceed the values given in the table .

10.4 In places where partitions and claddings interface with other enclosing structures and where they intersect with each other, putty must be laid without breaks along the entire interface contour to the full depth of the joint.

11 BASIC RULES FOR TECHNICAL OPERATION OF STRUCTURES MADE FROM GYPSUM TONGUE-TOGGED PLATES

11.1 The type of fastening element used should be selected depending on the weight of the objects hung on the partition or cladding.

11.2 Lung attachments and interior items are attached to partitions and cladding made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs using plastic anchor dowels. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible load per dowel indicated in the table .

11.3 To determine the maximum load on the dowel (elastic tension), it is recommended to use the formula

WhereF - maximum load (elastic tension) on the dowel, kN;

B - maximum weight of the object being hung, kN;

Table10.1

Structural defects	Permissible deviations during finishing
Structural defects	simple	improved	high quality
Surface irregularities (detected when applying rules or a 2 m long template)	No more than three deep or convex up to 5 mm	No more than two deep or convex up to 3 mm	No more than two deep or convex up to 2 mm
Vertical deviation of the structure plane	15 mm for the entire height of the room	1 mm per 1 m, but not more than 10 mm over the entire height of the room	1 mm per 1 m, but not more than 6 mm over the entire height of the room

Table 11.1

Company manufacturer	Brand	Diameter, mm	Depth, mm
Fischer-Duebel S	S8	8	55	0,12
Fischer-Duebel S	S10	10	70	0,24
TOXCombi-Duebel	Combi 10/50	10	60	0,30
TOXCombi-Duebel	Combi 12/60	12	70	0,46
Upat U Ultra-Duebel	U8	8	55	0,20
	U10	10	65	0,35
	U12	12	75	0,50
HILTI Universalduebel HUD	HUD8	8	55	0,15
HILTI Universalduebel HUD	HUD10	10	65	0,30

Figure 16 - Mounting points for communication equipment to a single-layer partition ( A) and two-layer ( B)

e - distance of the center of gravity of the hung object from the wall, cm;

P - number of fastenings;

A - support arm, see

11.4 Heavy attachments and objects must be secured using special fasteners such asIt is often recommended to use through anchors and bolts with steel washers (Figure ).

11.5 If partitions or cladding are damaged during operation from mechanical influences, leaks, etc. The cause of the damage must first be identified and eliminated.

11.6 If water gets into the cavities of two-layer partitions or into the gap between the cladding and the wall, it is necessary to drain the standing water, for which purpose, first drill control holes at the bottom of the partition or cladding, and then, if necessary, cut out the opening necessary to repair the damaged pipeline.

11.7 After repair work in the pipeline, the hole is sealed with standard gypsum boards or inserts cut from them.

APPENDIX A

LIST OF REGULATIVE DOCUMENTS REFERENCED IN THIS CODE OF RULES

SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

SNiP 21-01-97* Fire safety buildings and structures.

SNiP 02/23/2003 Thermal protection of buildings.

SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection building structures from corrosion.

SNiP 2.01.07-85* Loads and impacts.

SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

SNiP 03/23/2003 Noise protection.

GOST 10702-78* Rolled products from high-quality structural carbon and alloy steel for cold extrusion and upsetting. Technical conditions.