Robert Svoboda
The greatness of Saturn. Healing myth
Preface
Very few people alive today could write such a book .
Robert Svoboda - certified Ayurveda doctor , received complete education at Indian Ayurvedic Medical College . Knowledge , accumulated over study time, and practical experience in this field opened up a lot for him in various ways treatment and prevention of all kinds of diseases . Because , what is Ayurveda ( at least , V last centuries) closely related to Indian astrology ( jyotish ), Doctor Svoboda , like many Indian Ayurveda specialists , also mastered complex esoteric techniques of astrological practice . Ayurveda has a lot in common with Jyotish : both of these sciences serve to treat and predict diseases . Besides , both of them have evolved over thousands of years , and the theoretical and experimental knowledge they have accumulated during this time is now widely used not only in India , but also all over the world , successfully resisting the pressure of Western scientific thought . Doctor Svoboda not only has an excellent command of the theory and practice of Ayurveda and Jyotish : he has a wonderful gift for languages and speaks Hindi well , Gujarati , Marathi and Sanskrit . These abilities allowed him to gain knowledge from first hand, and not from translated texts on Ayurveda , astrology , history and mythology , in which the meaning of the originals is often distorted .
Dr. Svoboda studied many works on astrology and mythology , written mostly in Gujarati and Hindi , and used them to create this book. . Shani's story ( Skt. . Saturn ) is a compilation , compiled from multiple sources .
In all astrological schools, Saturn is given a special place among the planets of the solar system . In India , just like in the West , Saturn has long been considered the harbinger of evil doom . Naturally , anyone is interested in , to ward off this fate . Having determined the position of Saturn in individual horoscope and watching its movement across the sky in relation to various elements this horoscope - houses , planets and constellations , - you can take control of its evil force or, at least , weaken its influence . One observation , however , not enough : Human , chained in the middle of the road , can also watch a truck rushing towards him , but this is unlikely to make his situation easier . But understanding the power of Saturn will help you avoid its destructive effects. - so to speak , Jump away from the approaching truck in time , experienced only a moment of fear , when he rushes past , hitting you with a gust of wind . Understanding gives strength , since it establishes a two-way connection between a person and the object of his understanding - connection , in which each party can influence the other . IN in this case not only Saturn will influence human actions and their consequences , but a person will also be able to have a certain impact on Saturn . Certain strategies serve this purpose. « clarifying relationships » with Shani , which in India is considered not just a conglomerate of inert particles , but an extremely powerful living being with his own personal qualities .
In India , where astrology is used primarily for prediction purposes , many were and continue to be occupied by the harmful capabilities of Shani and ways to weaken his influence . Dr. Svoboda managed to convey the very essence of this problem . It was for this purpose that he created an account of the popular story in India, easily accessible to Western perception. , what troubles and misfortunes , committed by Shani , survived by the legendary King Vikramaditya . Besides , in this book, Dr. Svoboda describes time-tested strategies for reducing the influence of Shani on a person and explains , How can people use these strategies today? , having only a superficial understanding of Indian astrology , culture and language . This book will introduce the reader to the basics of Jyotish , self-healing techniques and Indian mythology .
Dr. Frederick M . Smith,
Assistant Professor, Department of Sanskrit and Indian Classical Religions, Iowa State University .
I'm grateful to fate for that , that out of the ten years of my life in India I spent eight in the company of my mentor , Aghori Vimalananda . He opened up the world of classical music for me. Indian culture, introduced me to many of its living traditions and taught me to be not only a sophisticated viewer , but also a participant in that grandiose performance of life , what India is like . About the classical Indian text « Shani Mahatmya » (« The Majesty of Saturn ») I first learned from Vimalananda one morning in early 1980 , just before , how Saturn began to influence the Moon in my horoscope . At the end of this period , lasting almost until the end of 1987 , I was inspired to translate « Shani Mahatmya » on English language, so that this story can reach Western readers and find a cultural response , immeasurably distant in space , time and perception from that culture , where did she appear .
My translation is based on that option « Shani Mahatmya », which was written by Pranjeevan Harihar Shastri in Gujarati language and published in 1950 in Bombay by Natwarlal I . Desai . Although this book is no longer in print , and the publishing house ceased to exist , in 1990 in Bombay by publishing house « Jaya Hind Prakashan » an almost identical version was published in Marathi, which is widely available today . Miss Roshni Pandey helped me a lot in working on this translation. . Margaret Mahan , Rachel Meyer , Claudia Welch and several other specialists helped me with their comments on certain parts of the text . When translating, I followed the text with maximum accuracy , leaving out just a few anachronisms ; there were some pun elements , Unfortunately , lost due to their untranslatability . A familiar word to us « pandit » used by me as an approximate equivalent for Sanskrit « pandita » ( pandita), from which the first , actually , and it happened ; however, it should be remembered , what's in a word « pandita » the idea of a much greater erudition and intellectual honesty was embedded , what we are used to putting into a word « pandit ».
Most significant change , what I did while writing this book , is that , what are the stories about the other eight planets ( besides Saturn ), described in the original rather superficially , I added stories from others sacred texts: I wanted , so that this book becomes a salute in honor of all Nine Planets . I have poured deep respect and sincere devotion into the work on this updated version of the text and its commentaries . Hope , that the result of my labors will serve as a worthy reflection of astrological reality and allow the reader to be filled with such pure and positive bhava (« state of being »), that's true , with which this story is imbued , will affect not only his mind , but also the heart . I also hope , that the Nine Planets , and Lord Saturn in particular , will be satisfied !
Once again I would like to express my gratitude to Miss Roshni Pandey for her assistance in translation , and also to many other people - including Ms. Rhonda Rose for illustrations and work on the design of the book , Dr Fred Smith for his incisive comments and Mr Hart DeFauw for his invaluable contributions to the work . Low bow to my mentor Vimalananda and my Jyotish teacher , to the incomparable Mantriji . And finally , my respectful gratitude to Lord Saturn , who gave his permission to do so , so that this work can be started and completed .
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From the book Becoming [System of Skills for Further Energy and Information Development. II stage] author Verishchagin Dmitry SergeevichBook by Steven Pinker HOW THE BRAIN WORKS pdf, an outstanding scientist specializing in experimental psychology and cognitive sciences, in a fascinating and accessible way, examines what factors influence human consciousness, how the intelligence of an adult is formed and how it differs from a child’s, how human thinking differs from the thinking of animals in general and primates in particular, the features of artificial intelligence.
Pinker supports the idea of a complex human nature consisting of multiple adaptive capacities of the mind. He believes that human consciousness operates in part through combinatorial manipulation of symbols.
Any book with such a title - “How the Brain Works” - must certainly begin with an explanation, and I will start with two at once. Firstly, we know nothing about how the brain works - we don’t know even a hundredth part of what we know about how the body works, and our knowledge is certainly not enough to create a utopia or cure misfortune. Why then did I choose such an ambitious name? Linguist Noam Chomsky once said that our ignorance can be divided into problems and mysteries.
If we encounter a problem, we may not know the solution, but we have intuitions, incremental knowledge, and at least a rough idea of what we are looking for. But when we are faced with a mystery, we can only look at it in amazement and bewilderment, without even imagining what its explanation might be. I wrote this book because there are dozens of secrets of our thinking - from mental images to romantic love-in have recently been relegated to the category of problems (although it must be said that some secrets remain secrets!).
It is likely that every single idea in this book will turn out to be wrong, but that will be progress because our old ideas were too commonplace to be wrong. Secondly, what little we do know about how our brain works was not discovered by me. Only a few of the ideas in this book are my own. From a range of disciplines, I selected theories that seemed to offer new insights into our thoughts and feelings; theories that correspond to facts, make it possible to predict new facts and at the same time are consistent in content and style of presentation.
My goal was to weave these theories into a single thread, using two larger theories (also not mine): the computational theory of consciousness and the theory natural selection replicators...
Preface
Standard equipment
- How to make a robot
- Reverse engineering the soul
- Psychological correctness
- Thinking machines
- Searching for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe
- Natural Computing
- Current champion
- Will machines replace us?
- Connectoplasma
- Aladdin's lamp
- Revenge of the Smart Guys
- Get smart!
- Life Designer
- Blind programmer
- Instinct and Intelligence
- Cognitive niche
- Why us?
- Our relatives from the Stone Age
- What's next?
- Mind's Eye
- Deep gaze
- Light, shadow and form
- Two and a half dimensions
- Reference systems
- Animal shaped cookies
- Just imagine!
- Good ideas
- Ecological intelligence
- Boxes
- Mandatory program
- Trivium
- Metaphorical thinking
- Eureka!
- Hot heads
- All-encompassing passion
- Sensing machines
- Suburban savannah
- Food for thought
- The smell of fear
- Happiness Treadmill
- Sirens singing
- Me and you
- Doomsday machine
- Captivated by love
- Community of Feelings
- Self-deception
- Family values
- Relatives
- Fathers and Sons
- Brothers and sisters
- Men and women
- Husbands and wives
- Rivals
- Friends and acquaintances
- Allies and enemies
- Humanity
- Meaning of life
- Arts and entertainment
- What's so funny?
- Inquiring minds in search of the unattainable
Notes
Bibliography
Copyright holders of media materials
Steven Pinker
How the brain works
HOW THE MIND WORKS
Preface
Any book with such a title - “How the Brain Works” - must certainly begin with an explanation, and I will start with two at once. Firstly, we know nothing about how the brain works - we don’t know even a hundredth part of what we know about how the body works, and our knowledge is certainly not enough to create a utopia or cure misfortune. Why then did I choose such an ambitious name? Linguist Noam Chomsky once said that our ignorance can be divided into problems and mysteries. If we encounter a problem, we may not know the solution, but we have intuitions, incremental knowledge, and at least a rough idea of what we are looking for. But when we are faced with a mystery, we can only look at it in amazement and bewilderment, without even imagining what its explanation might be. I wrote this book because dozens of mysteries of our thinking - from mental imagery to romantic love - have recently been relegated to the category of problems (although it must be said that some mysteries remain mysteries!). It is likely that every single idea in this book will turn out to be wrong, but that will be progress because our old ideas were too commonplace to be wrong. Secondly, what little we do know about how our brain works was not discovered by me. Only a few of the ideas in this book are my own. From a range of disciplines, I selected theories that seemed to offer new insights into our thoughts and feelings; theories that correspond to facts, make it possible to predict new facts and at the same time are consistent in content and style of presentation. My goal was to weave these theories into a single thread, using two larger theories (also not mine): the computational theory of consciousness and the theory of natural selection of replicators.
The first chapter presents the big picture: I write about how thinking is a system of computational organs created by natural selection to solve problems faced by our foraging and hunting ancestors. Each of these two important ideas—computation and evolution—is then given a separate chapter. I discuss key thinking abilities in detail in chapters on perception, reasoning, emotions, and social relations(such as family, love, rivalry, friendship, friendship, acquaintance, alliance, enmity). In the final chapter we're talking about about such lofty matters as art, music, literature, humor, religion and philosophy. There is no separate chapter devoted to language: I discuss this topic in detail in my previous book, “Language as Instinct.”
This book is intended for anyone who is interested in how thinking works. I wrote it not only for professors and students; however, the so-called popularization of science was not my only goal either. I hope that the overall picture of thinking and the role it plays in human life will be useful to both scientists and the general reader. Viewed from this point of view, the difference between the specialist and the uninitiated does not matter much, because in our time we specialists, in most of our own fields - not to mention our neighboring ones - find ourselves no stronger than mere mortals. I am not doing an exhaustive review of all the literature and I am not presenting the opinions of all sides on this or that issue, because otherwise the book would be very difficult to read - and what's more, it would be difficult to move from its place. I draw my conclusions based on an assessment of the similarity of data obtained in different scientific fields and different methods; I provide many links so that readers can refer to the original sources.
I am intellectually indebted to many of my teachers, students and colleagues, but most of all to John Tooby and Leda Cosmides. They are the ones who created the synthesis of evolution and psychology that made this book possible, and they are responsible for many of the theories I present here (and many of the best jokes). Their invitation to spend a year as a fellow at the Center for Evolutionary Psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, provided me with an ideal opportunity to think and write, as well as their invaluable friendship and advice.
I am deeply grateful to Michael Gazzaniga, Markus Hauser, David Kemmerer, Gary Marcus, John Tooby, and Margot Wilson for reading my entire manuscript and for their invaluable guidance and support. Other colleagues also made many useful comments on chapters relevant to their areas of expertise: Edward Hellson, Barton Anderson, Simon Baron-Cohen, Ned Block, Paul Bloom, David Brainerd, David Bass, John Constable, Leda Cosmides, Helena Cronin, Dan Dennett, David Epstein, Alan Friedland, Gerd Gigerenzer, Judith Harris, Richard Held, Ray Jackendoff, Alex Kacelnik, Stephen Kosslyn, Jack Loomis, Charles Auman, Bernard Sherman, Paul Smolensky, Elizabeth Dealke, Frank Sulloway, Donald Simons and Michael Tarr . Many others answered questions and made valuable suggestions - including Robert Boyd, Donald Brown, Napoleon Chagnon, Martin Daly, Richard Dawkins, Robert Hadley, James Hillenbrand, Don Hoffman, Kelly Algwyn Yaakola, Timothy Ketelaar, Robert Kurzban, Dan Montello, Alex Pentland, Roslyn Pinker, Robert Provine, Whitman Richards, Daniel Schacter, Devendra Singh, Pawan Sinha, Christopher Tyler, Jeremy Wolf and Robert Wright.
This book is the fruit of my experiences in the inspiring atmosphere of two institutions: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of California, Santa Barbara. Special thanks to Emilio Bizzi (MIT Brain and Cognitive Science Department) for allowing me to take a sabbatical, and to Loy Lytle and Aaron Ettenberg (Psychology Department) and Patricia Clancy and Marianne Mithun (UC Santa Barbara Department of Linguistics) for inviting me to work as a non-staff researcher in their departments.
Patricia Claffey of MIT's Brain and Cognitive Sciences Library knows everything—or at least knows where to find it, which is basically the same thing. I am grateful to her for the tireless persistence with which she finds even the most obscure document - quickly and without losing her complacency. Eleanor Bonsaint, my secretary, helped me with countless issues professionally and optimistically. Thanks also to Marianne Taber, Sabrina Detmar and Jennifer Riddell of the Center visual arts MIT.
My editors, Drake McFeely (Norton), Howard Boyer (now at University of California Press), Stefan McGrath (Penguin), and Ravi Mirchandani (now at Orion), have been with me throughout my work. helped me professional recommendations and care. I am also grateful to my agents, John Brockman and Katinka Matson, for everything they have done for me and for their interest in nonfiction. Special thanks to Katya Rice, who has worked with me on four books so far (over fourteen years). Her analytical mind and professional approach have improved my writing and taught me a lot about style and clarity of writing. I express my heartfelt gratitude for the support and helpful suggestions of my entire family: Harry, Roslyn, Robert and Susan Pinker, Martin, Eva, Karl and Eric Budman, Saroya Subbiah and Stan Adams. And thanks to Windsor, Wilfred and Fiona.
My deepest gratitude goes to my wife, Ilavenil Subbiah, for sketching the drawings, invaluable comments on the manuscript, countless advice, support, kindness and participation in this enterprise. I dedicate this book to her, with love and gratitude.
My research on thinking and language was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant HD18381), the National Science Foundation (Grants 82-09540, 85-18774, and 91-09766), and the McDonnell-Pugh Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at MIT.
1. Standard equipment
Why are there so many robots in literature, and in real life- no one? For example, I would pay a lot of money for a robot that would clean up the dishes or do simple errands for me. But I’m unlikely to have such an opportunity this century, and maybe in the next one too. Of course, there are robots that perform tasks such as welding or painting on an assembly line, and robots that roam the corridors of laboratories; but I don’t mean them, but machines that can walk, talk, see and think - and often even better than the people who created them. In 1920, Karel Capek first used the word "robot" in his play "R. U.R.”, after which the authors began to invent one after another own robots: Speedy, Cutie and Dave from Isaac Asimov's I, Robot, Robbie from Forbidden Planet, the arm-waving tin from Lost in Space, Daleks from Doctor Who, robot housekeeper Rosie from The Jetsons, Nomad appeared from Star Trek, Hymie from Get Smart, indifferent butlers and squabbling clothing salesmen from Sleeper, R2-D2 and S-ZRO from " Star Wars", the Terminator from the film of the same name, Lieutenant Commander Data from the film Star Trek: The Next Generation and witty film critics from Mystery Theater of 3000."
The book by Steven Pinker, an outstanding scientist specializing in experimental psychology and cognitive sciences, examines in a fascinating and accessible form what factors influence human consciousness, how the intelligence of an adult is formed and how it differs from that of a child, how human thinking differs from the thinking of animals in general and primates in particular, the features of artificial intelligence.
Pinker supports the idea of a complex human nature consisting of multiple adaptive capacities of the mind. He believes that human consciousness operates in part through combinatorial manipulation of symbols.
Reverse engineering the soul.
The complex organization of thought is a central theme of this book. Its main idea can be expressed as follows: thinking is a system of calculation organs, formed as a result of natural selection to solve various problems that our ancestors faced in the process of obtaining food; in particular, tasks related to understanding the essence of objects, animals, plants and other people and learning to use them for their own purposes. Several statements can be deduced from this brief summary. Thinking is the result of brain activity; More precisely, the brain processes information, and thinking is a kind of computational process. Thinking includes a number of modules, that is, organs of thinking; each has a unique organization that makes it an expert in one area of interacting with the world. The basic logic of module activity is predetermined by our genetic makeup. The way they work was shaped by natural selection to enable humans to solve the problems faced by our ancestors, who spent most of our evolutionary history as hunters and gatherers. The various problems that our ancestors solved were intermediate tasks of one big task facing our genes: to maximize the number of copies of a species that can survive until the next generation appears.
Content.
Preface.
Standard equipment.
How to make a robot.
Reverse engineering the soul.
Psychological correctness.
Thinking machines.
Searching for signs of intelligent life in the universe.
Natural computing.
Current champion.
Will machines replace us?
Connectoplasma.
Aladdin's lamp.
Revenge of the smart guys.
Get smart!
Life designer.
Blind programmer.
Instinct and intelligence.
Cognitive niche.
Why us?
Our relatives are from the Stone Age.
What's next?
Mind's eye.
Deep gaze.
Light, shadow and form.
Two and a half dimensions.
Frames of reference.
Cookies in the shape of animals.
Just imagine!
Good ideas.
Ecological intelligence.
Boxes.
Mandatory program.
Trivium.
Metaphorical thinking.
Eureka!
Hot heads.
All-encompassing passion.
Sensing machines.
Suburban savannah.
Food for thought.
The smell of fear.
Treadmill of happiness.
Sirens singing.
Me and you.
Doomsday machine.
Captivated by love.
Community of feelings.
Self-deception.
Family values.
Relatives.
Fathers and Sons.
Brothers and sisters.
Men and women.
Husbands and wives.
Rivals.
Friends and acquaintances.
Allies and enemies.
Humanity.
Meaning of life.
Arts and entertainment.
What's so funny?
Inquiring minds in search of the unattainable.
Notes
Bibliography.
Copyright holders of media materials.
Download the e-book for free in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book How the Brain Works, Pinker S., 2017 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.
- Multicolor logic, 175 logical problems, Bizam D., Herceg Y., 1978
- Automation of technological processes of oil and gas production and preparation, Andreev E.B., Klyuchnikov A.I., Krotov A.V., Popadko V.E., Sharova I.Ya., 2008
