Among the many ways to install heat pipes around the house, the most common is the two-pipe heating system. It is practical, reliable in operation and easy to implement, especially if used modern materials for installation of radiators and lines. If desired, an ordinary user will be able to assemble such a heating system with his own hands, without involving installers, whose work often does not shine with quality.
General presentation and scope of application
Unlike single-pipe wiring, a 2-pipe heating system is aimed at supplying coolant at the same temperature to all heating devices. 2 separate pipelines are supplied to the radiators; in one, the hot coolant moves from the boiler to the radiators, and in the other, the cooled water returns back. The diagram of a two-pipe heating system provides that the connections heating devices connected to both branches.
As a rule, water movement in two-pipe heating systems is carried out using a circulation pump. This makes it possible to create a pipeline network of any complexity and branching to ensure heating of the most remote premises. But if necessary, the circuit can be made gravity-fed, without the use of a pump. Large diameter pipes are used, laid open method with a slope of at least 10 mm per 1 m of pipeline length. A two-pipe heating system for a private house has the following advantages:
- reliability in operation;
- efficiency due to the supply of water with the same temperature to heating devices;
- versatility, making it possible to lay heat supply branches in open and closed ways;
- ease of balancing;
- possibility of automatic regulation by thermostatic valves;
- relative ease of installation work.
Due to the versatility of the scheme, the area where it is possible to use two-pipe heating is very wide. These are civil buildings of any purpose and number of floors, as well as production workshops and administrative buildings.
About pipe laying methods
When organizing heating of private houses, a dead-end scheme of a two-pipe heating system is most often used. A group of radiators is connected to 2 lines alternately - from the first to the last device.
The required water flow in each radiator is ensured by preliminary balancing and automatic regulation using radiator valves with thermal heads.
In addition to the dead-end circuit, other types of wiring are widely used:
- passing (Tichelman loop);
- collector wiring diagram.
With associated wiring, there are no first and last radiators; this horizontal two-pipe heating system is a ring that supplies a group of heating devices with coolant.
The battery, the first in the supply line, is the last in the return pipeline. That is, the coolant in the supply and return moves only forward, and not towards each other (along the way). Due to the fact that the water in the loop travels the same distance, the two-pipe horizontal system Heating with passing movement is initially hydraulically balanced.
The strength of the manifold heating system with bottom wiring lies in two-pipe connection each heating device to one distribution unit - manifold. These are used in organizing water underfloor heating. Separate branches are laid to each battery in a hidden way in a screed or under a wooden floor covering. Regulation and balancing are performed in one place - on a manifold equipped with special valves and flow meters (rotameters).
In accordance with modern requirements for interior design, homes most often use heating with bottom wiring, which allows pipes to be hidden in walls and floors or routed openly above baseboards. A two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring, when the supply line is located under the ceiling or in the attic, is in demand when organizing gravity networks. Then the heated coolant rises to the ceiling directly from the boiler, and then along horizontal pipe goes through the batteries.
Based on the operating pressure in the network, the circuits are divided into 2 types:
- Open. Installed at the top point of the system expansion tank communicating with the atmosphere. The pressure at this point is zero, and near the boiler it is equal to the height of the water column from top to bottom of the heating network.
- Heating systems closed type. Here the coolant is given overpressure in the amount of 1-1.2 Bar, but there is no contact with the atmosphere. A closed membrane-type expansion tank is located at the lowest point, next to the heat source.
The wiring of two-pipe systems can be horizontal or vertical. With a vertical scheme, both highways turn into risers, lowering interfloor ceilings in places where heating devices are installed. It is typical that the coolant is still supplied to the risers by horizontal collectors laid in the lower or upper part of the house.
Selection rules
Regarding the choice of a suitable heating system, there are several general recommendations:
- when the power supply at home is unreliable, when circulation pump often turns off, there is no alternative to a two-pipe dead-end circuit with top wiring;
- in buildings small area(up to 100 m²) a dead-end or associated two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring would be appropriate;
- installation of vertical risers is done in multi-storey buildings, where the layout of each floor is repeated and the radiators are in the same places;
- in cottages and wooden houses large area with high demands on the interior, it is customary to arrange a collector system with branches laid under the floors.
All possible options It’s impossible to predict, there are too many of them. To choose the optimal one, the homeowner is recommended to draw a diagram of the arrangement of batteries and power them on paper different ways, and then calculate the cost of materials.
Before you begin installing a two-pipe heating system, you need to select pipes of a suitable diameter.
For a stub network small house where forced circulation of the coolant is planned, this is not difficult to do: a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm is used on the main line, and 16 mm for connections to the radiators. In a two-story house with an area of up to 150 m², the required flow will be provided by pipes with a diameter of 25 mm, the connections remain the same.
With a collector scheme, the connections are made with 16 mm pipes, and the laying of lines to the collector is carried out with 25-32 mm pipelines, depending on the area of the floors. In other cases, it is recommended to contact design specialists for calculations; they will help you choose the optimal layout and dimensions of all branches.
To install heating at home with your own hands, you should select pipes from suitable material from the list:
- Metal-plastic pipelines. When assembling on compression fittings no special tools required, just wrenches. More reliable press connections are made using pliers.
- Cross-linked polyethylene. This material is also connected using compression and press fittings, and Rehau pipes are connected by the method of expansion and tension of the fixing ring.
- Polypropylene. Most cheap option, but requiring some skills in welding joints and the presence of a welding machine.
- Corrugated stainless pipe joined with clamp fittings.
Pipelines made of steel and copper are not considered, since not everyone can make heating out of them; skill and experience are required. The system is assembled starting from the boiler with the subsequent connection of radiators and shut-off valves.
Upon completion, the network is checked for leaks using a pressure test pump.
For every private household, the installation of a heating system is considered one of the fundamental issues. Modern technologies construction offer two options: one-pipe or two-pipe system.
Here it is important not to cheapen out by trying to reduce installation costs and purchasing materials. And only after understanding the operating principle of these systems, their advantages and disadvantages, can you make the right choice.
The operation of a single-pipe heating system occurs according to sufficient simple principles. There is only one closed pipeline through which the coolant circulates. Passing through the boiler, the medium heats up, and passing through the radiators imparts this heat to them, after which, cooled, it again enters the boiler.
There is also only one riser in a single-pipe system, and its location depends on the type of building. So, for one-story private houses the best way will do horizontal diagram, whereas for multi-storey buildings - vertical.
Note! To pump coolant through vertical risers, a hydraulic pump may be needed.
To improve the efficiency of a single-pipe system, several improvements can be made. For example, install bypasses - special elements that are pipe sections connecting the forward and return radiator pipes.
This solution makes it possible to connect thermostats to the radiator that can control the temperature of each heating element, or completely disconnect them from the system. Another advantage of bypasses is that they allow you to replace or repair individual heating elements without shutting down the entire system.
Installation features
So that the heating system long years gave warmth to the owners of the house, during the installation process it is worth adhering to the following sequence of actions:
- According to the developed project, the boiler is installed.
- The pipeline is being installed. In places where the project provides for the installation of radiators and bypasses, tees are installed.
- If the system operates on the principle of natural circulation, it is necessary to ensure a slope of 3-5 cm per meter of length. For a circuit with forced circulation a slope of 1 cm per meter of length will be sufficient.
- For systems with forced circulation, a circulation pump is installed. Please note that the device is not designed for use in high temperatures, so it would be better to install it near the entrance of the return pipe to the boiler. In addition, the pump must be connected to the electrical network.
- Installation of expansion tank. Tank open type must be in highest point system, closed - in any convenient place (most often it is installed near the boiler).
- Installation heating radiators. They weigh a lot (especially when filled with water), so they are secured using special brackets, which are usually included in the kit. Installation is most often carried out under window openings.
- Additional devices are being installed - Mayevsky taps, plugs, shut-off devices.
- The final stage - testing finished system, for which water or air is supplied into it under pressure. If the tests do not reveal problem areas, the system is ready for operation.
Most of heating systems apartment and private houses were built precisely according to this scheme. What are its advantages and are there any disadvantages?
Can a two-pipe heating system be installed with your own hands?
The difference between a two-pipe heating system and a single-pipe one
Let's first define what kind of beast this is - a two-pipe heating system. It’s easy to guess from the name that it uses exactly two pipes; but where do they lead and why are they needed?
The fact is that to heat a heating device with any coolant, it needs circulation. This can be achieved in one of two ways:
- Single-pipe circuit (so-called barracks type)
- Two-pipe heating.
In the first case, the entire heating system is one large ring. It can be opened by heating devices, or, which is much more reasonable, they can be placed parallel to the pipe; the main thing is that there is no separate supply and return pipeline passing through the heated room.
Or rather, in this case these functions are combined by the same pipe.
What do we gain and what do we lose in this case?
- Dignity: minimum costs materials.
- Disadvantage: large variation in coolant temperature between the radiators at the beginning and end of the ring.
The second scheme - two-pipe heating - is a little more complicated and more expensive. Through the entire room (in case multi-storey building- on at least one of its floors or in the basement) there are two pipelines - supply and return.
First, the hot coolant (most often ordinary process water) goes to the heating devices to give them heat, and returns in the second direction.
Each heating device (or a riser with several heating devices) is placed in the gap between the supply and return.
There are two main consequences of this connection scheme:
- Disadvantage: the pipe consumption is much higher for two pipelines instead of one.
- Advantage: the ability to supply coolant to ALL heating devices at approximately the same temperature.
Advice: in case of a large room, it is necessary to install a control throttle on each heating device.
This will allow you to equalize the temperature more accurately, making sure that the flow of water from the supply to the return on nearby radiators will not “sag” those more distant from the boiler or elevator.
Features of two-pipe heating systems in apartment buildings
When apartment buildings, of course, no one installs throttles on separate risers and regulates water flow constantly; equalizing the temperature of the coolant at different distances from the elevator is achieved in another way: the supply and return pipelines running through the basement (the so-called heating pipe) have a much larger diameter than the heating risers.
Alas, in new houses built after the collapse Soviet Union and the disappearance of strict government control over construction organizations it began to be practiced to use pipes of approximately the same diameter on risers and benches, as well as thin-walled pipes valves installed for welding and other nice signs of the new social order.
The consequence of such savings is cold radiators in apartments located on maximum distance from the elevator unit; By a funny coincidence, these apartments are usually corner and have common wall with the street. Quite a cold wall.
However, we have deviated from the topic. System two-pipe heating V apartment building has one more feature: for her normal functioning The water should circulate through the risers, rising and falling up and down. If something interferes with it, the riser with all the batteries remains cold.
What to do if the heating system at home is running, but the radiators are at room temperature?
- Make sure the riser valves are open.
- If all the flags and switches are in the “open” position, close one of the paired risers (we are, of course, talking about a house with, where both beds are in the basement) and open the vent located next to it.
If the water is flowing with normal pressure - there are no obstacles to the normal circulation of the riser, except for the air at its upper points. Tip: drain more water until, after a long snorting of the air-water mixture, a powerful and stable stream of hot water flows. Perhaps in this case you will not need to go up to the top floor and bleed the air there - circulation will be restored after startup. - If the water does not flow, try to bypass the riser in the opposite direction: perhaps a piece of scale or slag is stuck somewhere. The countercurrent can carry it out.
- If all attempts have no effect and the riser does not drain, most likely you will have to search for a room in which repairs were made and heating appliances were changed. Here you can expect any trick: a removed and plugged radiator without a jumper, a completely cut off riser with plugs at both ends, a throttle closed for general reasons - again in the absence of a jumper... Human stupidity truly gives an idea of infinity.
Features of the top filling system
Another way to install a two-pipe heating system is the so-called top filling. What is the difference? The only problem is that the supply pipeline migrates to the attic or upper floor. Vertical pipe connects the filling bottling with the elevator.
Circulation from top to bottom; the path of water from supply to return with the same building height is half as long; all the air ends up not in the jumpers of the risers in apartments, but in a special expansion tank at the top of the supply pipeline.
Launching such a heating system is immeasurably simpler: after all, for full-fledged work all heating risers do not need to go into every room on top floor and vent the air there.
It is more problematic to turn off the risers when repairs are necessary: after all, you need to both go down to the basement and go up to the attic. Shut-off valves are located both here and there.
However, the above two-pipe heating systems are still more typical for apartment buildings. What about private owners?
It’s worth starting with the fact that in private houses the 2-pipe heating system used can be radial and sequential according to the type of connection of heating devices.
- Radial: from the collector to each heating device there is its own supply and its own return.
- Sequential: radiators are powered by all heating devices from a common pair of pipelines.
The advantages of the first connection scheme boil down mainly to the fact that with such a connection there is no need to balance a two-pipe heating system - there is no need to adjust the flow of the throttles of the radiators located closer to the boiler. The temperature will be the same everywhere (of course, with at least approximately the same length of the rays).
Its main disadvantage is the highest pipe consumption among all possible schemes. In addition, it will simply be impossible to extend the lines to most of the radiators along the walls while maintaining any decent appearance: They will have to be hidden under the screed during construction.
You can, of course, drag it through the basement, but remember: in private houses there are often no basements of sufficient height with free access there. Besides, ray diagram It is in any way convenient to use only when building a one-story house.
What do we have in the second case?
Of course, from the main drawback single-pipe heating we left. The coolant temperature in all heating devices can theoretically be the same. The key word is theoretically.
Setting up the heating system
In order for everything to work exactly the way we want, we will need to configure a two-pipe heating system.
The setup procedure itself is extremely simple: you need to turn the throttles on the radiators, starting with those closest to the boiler, reducing the flow of water through them. The goal is to make sure that a decrease in water flow through nearby heating devices increases water consumption at distant ones.
The algorithm is simple: slightly press the valve and measure the temperature on the distant heating device. With a thermometer or by touch - in in this case all the same: the human hand perfectly feels a difference of five degrees, and we don’t need greater accuracy.
Alas, it is impossible to give a more accurate recipe other than “tighten and measure”: calculating the exact permeability for each throttle at each coolant temperature, and then adjusting it to achieve the required numbers is an unrealistic task.
Two points to consider when adjusting a two-pipe heating system:
- It takes a long time simply because after each change in the dynamics of the coolant, the temperature distribution takes a long time to stabilize.
- The heating adjustment of a two-pipe system must be carried out BEFORE the onset of cold weather. This will prevent you from defrosting your home heating system if you miss the settings.
Tip: with a small volume of coolant, you can use non-freezing coolants - the same antifreeze or oil. It’s more expensive, but you can leave your house without heating in winter without worrying about the pipes and radiators.
Horizontal wiring system
With the horizontal arrangement of the supply and return pipelines, it has recently begun to penetrate from its patrimony - private and low-rise houses - into multi-storey new buildings.
Apparently, this is due to the greatest extent to the fact that studio apartments have begun to gain popularity: with a large room area without internal partitions it is simply unprofitable to pull risers through the ceilings, as a 2-pipe vertical heating system implies; It is much easier to do the wiring horizontally.
Typical two-pipe horizontal heating system modern house it looks like this: the risers from the basement run along the entrance. On each floor, taps are made into the risers, which supply coolant to the apartment through valves and discharge waste water into the return pipeline.
Everything else is exactly like in a private house: two pipes, batteries and chokes on each of them. By the way, a horizontal heating system - two-pipe or one-pipe - is easier to repair: to dismantle and replace a section of pipe, there is no need to violate the integrity of the ceiling; This is undoubtedly worth recording as an advantage of such a scheme.
The horizontal two-pipe heating system has one feature that follows from its design and leaves its mark on the start of heating. In order for the heating device to transfer maximum heat from the coolant to the air in the room, it must be completely filled.
This means that each such heating device, typically located above the supply and return pipelines, must be equipped with a Mayevsky valve or any other vent in the upper part.
Advice: Mayevsky taps are very compact and aesthetically pleasing, but they are not the most convenient device to remove air from the radiator.
Where aesthetics are not important (for example, when heating devices are covered with decorative grilles), it would be more convenient to install a water tap with the spout up or a ball valve.
We will not add this feature to the list of disadvantages: going around the radiators in one apartment once a year is not a big deal.
As you might easily guess, a two-pipe horizontal heating system is not only a solution strictly for one-story buildings or for apartment buildings with studio apartments. Eg, two-storey house with separate rooms can also be heated in the same way; you just have to make the wiring identical on both floors and connect pipelines from the boiler to both systems.
Of course, balancing such a heating system will have to take a little more time; but this is a one-time event, and it is not difficult to experience it once in a few years.
Finally, a few definitions and simply useful tips.
Depending on the direction of water flow in the pipelines, a 2-pipe heating system can be dead-end or direct-flow.
- A two-pipe dead-end heating system is a system in which the coolant moves through the supply and return pipelines in opposite directions.
- In a direct-flow two-pipe heating system, the direction of the current in both pipelines coincides.
In private houses, two-pipe heating systems with both forced and natural circulation can be used.
- Forced circulation of the coolant is provided by a circulation pump; This quiet and low-power device is supplied, in particular, in the same housing with many electric boilers.
- Natural circulation is used in small-volume heating systems; the principle of its operation is based on the fact that hot water has less density and rushes upward.
Two-pipe closed system heating, that is, a system with constant pressure and without both water supply and external coolant flow, is the most popular solution for private houses with electric boilers.
In order to transfer heat to distant rooms from a solid fuel boiler or stove, an open one-pipe or two-pipe system is also quite suitable.
The design of a two-pipe heating system can include radiators of any type, registers and convectors as heating devices; warm floor implies a different connection method.
In order to install the heating of a two-pipe system, it is certainly better to involve specialists in the work. However, the abundance of materials on this topic on the Internet and the ease of assembling modern plumbing and heating systems with the help of fittings and machines make it possible for an amateur to do this work - if only he wanted to.
If you are installing a two-pipe heating system two-story house, when balancing the system, it is worth taking into account the peculiarity of communicating floors in terms of heat distribution: all other things being equal, it will always be warmer on the second floor.
There are several ways to heat a room with water. There are two-pipe and one-pipe layouts and two types of pipe connections: lower and upper. Let's consider a design with two pipes and wiring below.
Characteristic
The most common is the two-pipe heating system, despite some advantages of single-pipe structures. No matter how complex such a pipeline with two pipes (separately for supplying water and returning it) may be, most people prefer it.
Such systems are installed in multi-storey and apartment buildings.
Device
The elements of dual-line heating with lower pipe insertion are as follows:
- boiler and pump;
- auto vent, thermostatic and safety valves, valves;
- batteries and expansion tank;
- filters, control devices, temperature and pressure sensors;
- Bypasses can be used, but are not necessary.
Advantages and disadvantages
The two-pipe connection diagram under consideration reveals many advantages when used. Firstly, the uniformity of heat distribution throughout the entire line and the individual supply of coolant to the radiators.
Therefore, it is possible to regulate heating devices individually: turn them on/off (you just need to close the riser), change the pressure.
IN different rooms You can set different temperatures.
Secondly, such systems do not require turning off or draining the entire coolant if one heating device breaks down. Thirdly, the system can be installed after the construction of the lower floor and not wait until the whole house is ready. In addition, the pipeline has a smaller diameter than in a single pipe system.
There are also some disadvantages:
- more materials are required than for a single-pipe main;
- low pressure in the supply riser creates the need to frequently bleed air by connecting additional valves.
Comparison with other types
In the lower insert, the supply line is laid from below, next to the return line, so the coolant is directed from the bottom up along the supply risers. Both types of distributions can be designed with one or more circuits, dead-end and associated flow of water in the supply and return pipes.
Natural circulation systems with connections at the bottom are used very rarely, since they require a large number of risers, and the point of inserting pipes in this way is to reduce their number to a minimum. Taking this into account, such structures most often have forced circulation.
Roof and floors - meaning
In the upper supply line, the supply line is above the radiator level. It is installed in the attic, in ceiling. The heated water flows to the top, then through the supply risers it evenly spreads over the radiators. Radiators must be located above the return line. To prevent air accumulation, install a compensating tank at the very top point (in the attic). Therefore it is not suitable for houses with flat roof no attic.
The wiring from below has two pipes - supply and discharge - the heating radiators must be higher than them. It is very convenient for removing air pockets using Mayevsky taps. The supply line is located in the basement, in the basement, under the floor. The supply pipe must be higher than the return pipe. The additional slope of the main towards the boiler minimizes air jams.
Both wirings are most effective in a vertical configuration with batteries mounted on different floors or levels.
Principle of operation
The main characteristic of a two-pipe system is the presence of an individual water supply line to each radiator. In this scheme, each of the batteries is equipped with two separate pipes: water supply and outlet. The coolant flows to the batteries from bottom to top. The cooled water returns through the return risers to the return line, and through it to the boiler.
In a multi-storey building, it is appropriate to install a two-pipe structure with a vertical main line and lower wiring. In this case, the temperature difference between the coolant in the supply pipe and the return pipe creates strong pressure, which increases as the floor rises. Pressure helps water move through the pipeline.
In the lower pipe connection under consideration, the boiler must be in a recess, since the radiators and heating devices must be higher to ensure uniform delivery of water to them.
The air that accumulates is removed by Mayevsky taps or bleeders; they are mounted on all heating devices. Automatic vents are also used, which are fixed on risers or special air outlet lines.
Kinds
A two-pipe heating system can be of the following types:
- horizontal and vertical;
- direct flow - the coolant flows in one direction through both pipes;
- dead-end - hot and cooled water moves in different directions;
- with forced or natural circulation: the first requires a pump, the second requires a slope of the pipes towards the boiler.
The horizontal scheme can be with dead ends, with a passing movement of water, or with a collector. It is suitable for one-story buildings with a significant length, when it is advisable to connect the batteries to a horizontally located main pipe. This system is also convenient for buildings without walls, in panel-frame houses, where it is convenient to place risers on staircase or corridor.
According to experts, the most effective was the vertical scheme with forced water flow. It requires a pump, which is located on the return line in front of the boiler. An expansion tank is also mounted on it. Due to the pump, the pipes can be smaller than in a design with natural movement: with its help, water is guaranteed to move along the entire line.
All heating devices are connected to a vertical riser. This best option for high-rise buildings. Each floor is connected to the riser pipe separately. The advantage is the absence of air pockets.
Installation
Conventionally, several stages of work can be distinguished. First, the type of heating is determined. If gas is supplied to the house, then the most ideal option There will be installation of two boilers: one – gas, the second – spare, solid fuel or electric.
Stages
Briefly, installation consists of the following points:
- a supply pipe is led upward from the boiler and connected to a compensating tank;
- a pipe from the upper line is removed from the tank, which goes to all radiators;
- a bypass (if provided) and a pump are installed;
- the return line is drawn parallel to the supply line, it is also connected to the radiators and cut into the boiler.
For a two-pipe system, the boiler is installed first, for which a mini-boiler room is created. In most cases this is the basement (ideally - separate room). The main requirement is good ventilation. The boiler must have free access and be located at some distance from the walls.
The floor and walls around it are lined with fire-resistant material, and the chimney is vented to the street. If necessary, a circulation pump, distribution manifold, regulating, measuring instruments near the boiler.
They are installed last. They are located under the windows and fixed with brackets. The recommended height from the floor is 10–12 cm, from the walls – 2-5 cm, from the window sills – 10 cm. The inlet and outlet of the battery is fixed with shut-off and control devices.
It is advisable to install temperature sensors - with their help you can monitor temperature indicators and regulate them.
If the heating boiler is gas, then it is necessary to have the appropriate documentation and the presence of a representative of the gas industry at the first start-up.
The expansion tank is located at or above the peak point of the main line. If there is an autonomous water supply, then it can be integrated with a supply tank. The slope of the supply and return pipes should be no more than 10 cm per 20 or more linear meters.
If the pipeline is at front door- it is appropriate to divide it into two knees. Then the wiring is created from the location of the highest point of the system. The lower line of a two-pipe structure must be symmetrical and parallel to the upper one.
All technological units must be equipped with taps, and it is advisable to insulate the supply pipe. It is also advisable to place the distribution tank in an insulated room. In this case, there should be no right angles, sharp breaks, which will subsequently create resistance and air pockets. Finally, we must not forget about the supports for the pipes - they must be made of steel and cut in every 1.2 meters.
When designing a heating system, the question arises: “What kind of heating system will we make? Single-pipe or double-pipe?” In this article we will figure out what these systems are and what is their difference. To make everything clear, let's start with definitions.
Definitions of one-pipe and two-pipe systems.
- Single-pipe - (abbreviated OCO) is a system in which all heating devices (radiators, convectors, and so on, abbreviated as software) are connected to the boiler in series using one pipe.
- Two-pipe - (abbreviated DSO) is a system in which two pipes are supplied to each PO. According to one of them, the coolant is supplied from the boiler to the boiler (it is called supply), and according to the other, the cooled coolant is discharged back to the boiler (it is called “return”).
To complete the description, we add two more definitions. According to these definitions, there is a division based on the principle of laying the supply line:
- With top distribution - the hot coolant is first supplied from the boiler to the highest point of the system, and from there the coolant is supplied to the software.
- With bottom wiring - the hot coolant is first removed horizontally from the boiler, and then rises up the risers to the software.
Single pipe heating system.
As described above, in OSO all heating devices are connected in series. Passing through them, the coolant will cool, so the “closer” the radiator is to the boiler, the hotter it will be. This fact must be taken into account when calculating the number of heating radiator sections. The “further” the radiator is from the boiler, the lower the coolant temperature in it will be and the large quantity sections will be needed for heating. Bottom distribution is possible only for houses with one floor and forced circulation in the system. With two or more floors, an upper pipe distribution is already required.There are two types of OSO:
- OSO, in which heating devices are installed on a “bypass” (bypass jumper).
- Flow-through OSO - all devices are connected in series without jumpers.
The second type is unpopular due to the difficulty of regulating the temperature in radiators, which is caused by the fact that it is impossible to use special fittings (thermostatic valves). Since when closing or reducing the flow through one radiator, the flow through the entire riser decreases. The main advantage of OCO is the lower cost of components and easier installation. The most popular version of the single-pipe system is the Leningradka.
What is "Leningradka"?
According to legend, this system got its name from the city where it was first used. But of course this cannot be reliably confirmed, and I don’t really want to. So, “Leningradka” is a single-pipe heating system in which the software is installed on the “bypass”. This allows you to regulate the temperature of individual radiators or convectors or turn them off altogether, if necessary. All the advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe system are inherent in the Leningrad system, so for distant radiators it is necessary to increase the number of sections. Possible various options pipe routing:
- Horizontal - the pipe lies in a horizontal plane and radiators are already installed on it.
- Vertical - the pipe runs vertically through the floors and radiators are connected to it.
OSO type “Leningradka” is best used for small private houses where the number of floors does not exceed two. For large cottages with extended heating systems, such a “Leningrad” is not suitable.
An example of the implementation of "Leningradka" Two-pipe heating system.
The main advantage of DSO is that the coolant arrives to all software equally hot. This allows you to avoid increasing the number of sections on “distant” radiators. That is, what happens most efficient use heating devices. The presence of two separate pipes for supply and return makes the installation of such a system more expensive. For this type of system, both upper and bottom wiring pipes and horizontal or vertical laying of pipelines.
In addition, DSO may differ in the direction of coolant flow:
- Dead-end systems - water in the supply and return pipes flows in different directions.
- Flow-through systems - water in the supply and return pipes flows in one direction.
Drawing from the book “Heating and water supply” country house» Smirnova L.N. The two-pipe system can be used for houses of any size, but it is most suitable for large cottages. Its use will allow you to change the flow rate of individual radiators without affecting all others. That is, it will be possible to use various room thermostats, which will create comfortable conditions for all residents.
Summary of the article.
The question of choosing the type of heating system depends on several factors:
- Your budget
- The area of your home.
- Features internal structure Houses. For example, number of floors
- Number of heating devices.
Most often, for small country houses(no more than 2 floors) a single-pipe system is better suited, and for large cottages (with 2 or more floors and a long length of pipelines) a two-pipe heating system will be more effective. It is better to discuss specific features of the implementation of a particular system with a professional designer.
