You can diversify the landscape design of your garden with the help of border and bouquet plants. One of the types is presented in the description on this page. You can learn about Coreopsis flowers, which are a genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae family. There are also popular names for this flower - kaliopsis and string, there are also common name with various other plants.
The name of the flower, coreopsis, comes from the Greek words κορις - “bug” and ὄψις - “species” (meaning the shape of the achene). Used as a food plant for some species of Lepidoptera caterpillars (including Coleophora acamtopappi). Also, the seeds of the plant are very often devoured by birds, which are not at all bothered by the fact that in appearance they look more like ticks than food. You will notice this yourself if you place the seeds on open place– for example, goldfinches are very often used as a source of food. All coreopsis species have been designated as state wildflowers of Florida in the United States since 1991. 
Description of coreopsis with photos and main botanical characteristics
It is further suggested general description coreopsis with brief botanical characteristics, which allows you to gain the necessary knowledge for growing it from seeds in the garden. The height of the plant varies from 40 centimeters to 1.2 meters. They usually grow in dense bushes. The fruits are flat and small; when dry, they may resemble bedbugs in appearance. Many varieties of this plant grown in gardens as one of the main decorations in the garden, or in large flower arrangements. 28 plant species can be found in North America, Central and South America.
The flowers are usually yellow with a toothed tip. They have showy flower heads wrapped on both sides by eight petals. Many gardeners mention their resemblance to field daisies with their tall stems and flowers that are usually even taller than the foliage. Unfortunately, this is where all their similarities end.
The leaves and colors of coreopsis petals vary depending on the species:
- coreopsis grandiflora has bright yellow petals on tall stems that bloom throughout the summer;
- pink coreopsis features finely textured leaves and pink flowers with yellow centers;
- Coreopsis verticilata, which is so called because of the special carvings on the surface of the leaves (which are also very thin), is gaining popularity. The flowers are very thin, but bloom profusely.
More recently, another variety was bred - red coreopsis: the photos show all the beauty of this plant: 
Growing coreopsis from seeds: planting and caring for the plant
Thanks to the low operational characteristics, resistance to drought and long flowering, the plant is very often used as a border in flower beds in a sunny place. Growing coreopsis from seeds is the most commonly used type of propagation, especially since caring for the plant is not difficult.
After planting, it is necessary to carefully water the young seedlings until they become stronger - after this they are quite resistant to drought. Many of the flowers do not loosen well, so it’s okay if you cut them, but only after the first wave of flowers has disappeared. They will recover fairly quickly. If you notice that the bush has begun to bloom very little, this is a signal that it urgently needs replanting (usually it is done no more than once every 3-5 years).
Temperature, necessary for the plant, varies depending on the variety and type of plant, because not even all varieties of coreopsis are perennials. Many varieties that were recently bred have not yet been tested for hardiness.
Also, the size of the bush will depend on external conditions, as well as the type and age. It will bloom best in full sun, but you can equally well grow coreopsis in partial shade. Plants can get a little skinny in partial shade, but they will adapt over time. In areas with intense drought and hot weather, coreopsis prefers to rest for some time in the afternoon shade.
Most varieties of coreopsis are very easy to grow from seeds, without particularly worrying about the quality and acidity of the soil. You can plant seedlings - this must be done indoors a month and a half before the last expected frost. Or you can sow them already in open ground. All varieties of coreopsis, except hybrid ones, are capable of reproducing independently. Coreopsis is planted as seedlings in light structured soil at home at the end of February. If proper care of coreopsis is organized at this stage, then by May you can get magnificent flowering bushes, which are suitable for border groups and landscaping balconies and loggias.
It is necessary to pick seedlings in the phase of 2 true leaves. For this you can use peat pots with a diameter of up to 10 cm.
Below are more photos of coreopsis of various colors and in various stages of development: 
Coreopsis varieties with descriptions and photos
All varieties of this plant are very popular among gardeners - and there are not so few of them, at least a hundred of them. The following are varieties of coreopsis with photos and brief characteristics, which will allow you to choose the appropriate variety for the garden.
Coreopsis whorled - bushy, elegant and branched
Coreopsis whorled is a bushy, but at the same time very elegant and branched perennial with three slightly open thread-like leaves located in opposite pairs or triplets. The foliage looks a bit like the cosmos bipinatus flower. It can be up to 90 centimeters long and 60 centimeters wide, spreading slowly along a thin underground stem (or rhizome). The flower heads are about five centimeters across and both flowers (disc and ray) are yellow. The flowers grow in abundance in loose clumps on thin, stringy stems from early summer until the first frost.
The most popular variety, “Moon Bunch,” grows up to 60 centimeters in length and has small light yellow inflorescences 2.5 centimeters in diameter. They bloom profusely on lacy foliage.
In nature, whorled coreopsis is found in the southeastern United States - in the states of Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Arkansas, and also in Northern Florida. There you can find them in dry and thin forests in open pine lands.
To maintain plant health, we recommend dividing the roots every three years. It is in this way that whorled coreopsis most often reproduces - usually in winter or early spring. You can also plant seeds - they germinate two to three weeks after sowing. And then, as usual, photos of varieties: 
Coreopsis grandiflora - for young and inexperienced gardeners
Coreopsis grandiflora will decorate your garden for several years. It will be an excellent start for young and inexperienced gardeners, but more experienced colleagues will appreciate its reliability, ease of cultivation and the ability of the flower to go well with almost everything. This variety grows on almost any soil, even shallow, lean or chalky.
The flower can be propagated by dividing the bush or growing from seeds. If you don't want the plant to reproduce itself using its seeds, simply trim or remove the flower head before the process begins.
The color of the petals is bright yellow. Height varies from 18 to 25 centimeters. The flowering period is from mid-summer to early autumn (sometimes earlier).
Found naturally in the southeastern United States in sunny meadows and roadsides. At least occasionally it is necessary to give the plant sunbathing.
Since coreopsis grandiflora tolerates low-fertility soils and withstands extreme heat, it often manages to take root in urban environments, and even in rooftop gardens (a very common occurrence lately). It is also able to tolerate the salt and wind of a coastal climate. If the plant clumps do not divide, then usually the flower does not live longer than two to three years. The beauty and grace of flowers are shown in the photo: 
Coreopsis dye: yarn dye or hot drink?
Coreopsis tinctalis is the best known of the annual varieties. It is often found in Canada, Northeastern Mexico, and much of the United States (especially the Great Plains and southern states, where it is often called "calyopsis"). It often grows in unsettled areas - for example, near roads and fields.
The bush grows quite quickly and reaches a maximum height of up to one meter (minimum - only 30 centimeters). The leaves are pinnately divided, glabrous and tend to the thin, upper part of the plant, where numerous flowers with a diameter of 4 centimeters sit on thin stems. The flowers are shiny and yellow with a maroon or brown center different sizes. Blooms from mid-summer. Small, thin seeds begin to germinate in early autumn (overwinter in a low rosette) or early spring.
In production, this variety is used to obtain dye for yarn, and was previously used as a hot drink. Many women believed that if they used this bush for food, they would definitely have a girl.
Coreopsis grows well in any type of soil, but gardeners believe that it prefers sandy or well-drained soil. Although the variety is slightly drought tolerant, in nature it is usually found in areas with regular rainfall. 
Coreopsis solar and lanceolate
Coreopsis solar is perennial 45 centimeters high and 30 centimeters in diameter. Stands out among others with its bright yellow double flowers, which are collected in small baskets. The size of the flower usually does not exceed 8 centimeters. It grows very well and also grows quickly and blooms profusely.
The lanceolate variety is found throughout the eastern and midwestern regions, the United States and Canada (on their west coast), and parts of Mexico. The bush produces yellow flowers in late summer. Flowers with lanceolate leaves are grown as decorative element for decorating gardens and parks.
Was introduced to Japan as decorative look, after which they are actively used in landscaping projects - along the banks of rivers and railways.
The stem length is 15 centimeters, and single inflorescences grow on rigid 60-centimeter stems. All flowers present are mostly yellow, but some are maroon or brown spots on the rays, some have darker leaves, and some are species dwarfs.
It produces flowers even in poor soil, which is not too rich in organic matter. In very fertile soils, bushes grow more foliage and fewer flowers. Watering is moderate and can tolerate minor droughts. 
Coreopsis pink
Pink coreopsis is found in eastern North America, in several Atlantic states, as well as in Nova Scotia and Canada. It grows well in rooms with high humidity and in swampy areas. Unlike most coreopsis species, the flowers range from snow-white to pink. It is in no way related to other representatives that have red dots on their surface.
Coreopsis perennial is a popular flower from the aster family, which has become widely known among gardeners and people who prefer to decorate their Vacation home bright.
Currently, more than 30 species of this flower are grown, and the total number of its varieties reaches 100. The peculiarity of the plant is that it is perennial, that is, it blooms for several years in a row. In order to grow such a flower, you should know the technique. correct landing and care.
Most varieties of this plant are low shrubs that have straight, tall stems with many branches. At the top of the stem there are inflorescences of yellow, brown and, in some types, red flowers.
Popular types:
- Grandiflora. This variety of coreopsis grows in sandy soils that contain a small amount of moisture. A special feature is that the plant is significantly larger in size other varieties - the height of one bush can reach 1 meter. while golden in color with a bright yellow tint. Despite its size, the flowering period is no more than 2 months. And life expectancy, as a rule, is no more than 3 years.
- Whorled. , no more than 60 cm high. A distinctive feature is the presence of a large number of thin light green leaves. This type of plant blooms all summer. Life expectancy is about 6 years, with proper care behind the flower.
- Pink. The height of the bush is about 40 cm. This plant has red buds. The flowering period lasts for 3 months, and in some cases it can last longer. With proper care, pink coreopsis lives about 5 years.
- Lanceolate. It is considered one of the most common varieties of coreopsis. It is a bush, the height of which is about 60 cm. It has small inflorescences - about 6-7 cm in diameter. This flower blooms from July to early September.
- Dyeing. A species that is actively used in floriculture. The height of the bush reaches half a meter. At the top of the stem there are small baskets, no more than 5 cm in diameter. The flowers on them can be orange and yellow. This variety of coreopsis is characterized by long flowering, which lasts from June to October.
- Drummondo. It is a rare variety of the described species. It is a shrub, up to 60 cm high. It has reed flowers, usually bright yellow. The petals are characterized by small purple spots near the center. There is also a rare species of Drummonda, which has red.
- Sweet dream. A variety of coreopsis that is recommended to be grown in hanging pots. It has small sizes– up to 30 cm in height. The size of the flowers reaches 4-5 cm. It has abundant green foliage, which makes the pink flowers more contrasting against their background. Flowering time is about 3 months, and life expectancy is 5-6 years.
- Ferulifolia. It is a rare, but quickly gaining popularity, type of coreopsis. It is distinguished by its impressive size: its height reaches 90 cm. At the same time, it has basket-shaped inflorescences that reach a diameter of 4 cm. Another distinctive feature is the dark green leaves that abundantly cover the stem.
There are many varieties of such plants, which have their own distinctive characteristics: lifespan, size, color, flowering period.
Growing perennial coreopsis
In order for a planted flower to grow well, you need to carefully choose a place. First of all, the quality of the soil should be taken into account - it should be as light and fertile as possible, preferably pre-fed with mineral fertilizers.
Full growth of this plant is possible only if the chosen place is sunny, since coreopsis are heat-loving shrubs.
Planting is done using seeds. Coreopsis should be planted as seedlings if the climate is cold. Only after the seedlings reach a height of 15-20 cm can they be transferred to the selected garden plot. It is best to plant in early spring, or in the last week.
After the first shoots emerge from the soil, it is necessary to carefully ensure that their development is not interfered with by weeds. If the bush is not growing well, it is recommended to carefully tie it up so that it does not break.
The first flowering of this plant occurs only one year after.
Moreover, this does not depend on the climate in the region, weather conditions, the time when sowing took place.
It should be remembered that the described plant does not tolerate large amounts of moisture. However, during the growing period the plant needs abundant and regular watering. However, a very important condition is the presence of sunlight.
An important advantage of coreopsis is that it tolerates low temperatures well, especially if snow falls, which protects the stems from strong winds and other negative factors.
Caring for perennial coreopsis
Coreopsis is a perennial unpretentious plant. Caring for shrubs involves timely watering, clearing weeds, and periodic pruning.
Shrub pruning should be done after coreopsis has stopped flowering. It is necessary to cut the plant by a quarter. If branches with flowers remain on the stem after this, they must also be removed using garden shears. Afterwards, the coreopsis should be fed in order for the plant to bloom better.
Coreopsis is fed using organic fertilizers. The best option compost is used to feed it.
To nourish this flower, you can also use complex ones. They can be purchased in specialized stores.
A substance obtained by combining one bucket of water and 15 grams of fertilizer is added to the soil.
Despite the fact that this flower is a frost-resistant plant, care should be taken to protect it during the cold season. To do this, bury the plant with dry leaves. In order to protect the plant from severe frost, you can also use spruce branches.
If you want your plant to bloom several times, you need to remove all faded buds. And then fertilize the flower. It is better not to use organic matter at all, otherwise coreopsis may not bloom. It is better not to feed too much; this plant does not survive in heavy soil. We recommend removing all faded buds so that the plant does not waste energy on forming seeds. This rule should not be followed if you want to stock up on your own planting material.
You can grow this flower not only through seeds and seedlings, but also through division. This procedure should be carried out at the beginning of spring, or at the end of summer. We recommend doing this every three years to prevent the bushes from aging. It will be better if you transplant the flower to a new place. If you just want to move your pets to another area, you can do this even during flowering. You just need to dig them up with a significant lump of earth so as not to damage the roots, and lower them into a hole that has been well watered before.
If you like tall varieties, then it is better to tie them up, otherwise the bush may collapse or fall apart. different sides. Coreopsis is good for bouquets and flower arrangements. It can stand in a vase for about a week without losing its appearance. For wintering, all shoots should be cut to the ground. This does not apply to varieties with large flowers.
Among the diseases, you should pay attention to spotting, fusarium, and rust. If there are symptoms, you can treat with drugs such as Topaz or Bordeaux mixture. If you notice twisted leaves, then it can no longer be cured. Plants must be removed and the soil must be disinfected. Among the pests, aphids and thrips often attack. As a treatment, you can use Actellik or Aktar.
When watching the video you will learn the necessary information about coreopsis.
Overall, Coreopsis is a popular member of the Asteraceae family, which has over 100 varieties. Despite the fact that the process of growing coreopsis is relatively simple, and it is not fussy to care for, you need to remember the important ones that will help you grow long-lasting and beautiful flowers on your site.
Attention, super FLIGHT!
Probably, many will agree that, as many flowers as there are on the planet, they have the same number of fans. Some people like roses, others like daisies, and the light-loving coreopsis has won the sincere hearts of summer residents. When daffodils and tulips disappear into oblivion, bright lights of cute flowers appear in the beds. It seems as if miniature particles of the sun have descended from the sky and have successfully sprouted to enchant good people. The unearthly aroma of the inflorescences evokes the kindest feelings in your soul, and you want to sing songs out of pleasure.
Close acquaintance with the plant is the key to successful cultivation
Before you introduce coreopsis to your summer cottage, it would be wise to find out what these cute flowers are. The plant's name comes from the Greek words for "bug" and "species", referring to the mite-like shape of the achene. The flower is often used as food for special types caterpillars Some birds feed on its seeds. But this does not prevent the flower from delighting people with its bright lights. The coreopsis depicted in the photo is a true confirmation of this fact.
During the season, the plant can grow up to 1.2 meters in height. Some species reach only 40 cm. Outwardly, they look like dense bushes strewn with many buds. Coreopsis fruits are most often flat in shape. They resemble some types of bedbugs or ticks. The plant is grown on garden plots or city flower beds as the main decoration. About 28 species of this flower are found on the American continent. Despite this, coreopsis are in demand in Europe.
When you look at the buds of a plant from the side, they resemble. This is only at first glance. An original flower head, decorated on all sides with petals. Each of them is framed with a serrated tip, which gives it a noble appearance.
Leaf plates and petal color depend on the plant variety:
- Coreopsis grandiflora is characterized by bright yellow petals of buds on high shoots;
- pink coreopsis has small leaves, a yellow center, which is topped with soft pink petals;
- Coreopsis verticilata is loved for its jagged leaf blades and thin buds that abundantly cover the plant.
The coreopsis shown in the photo, the planting and care of which does not require special skills, is truly striking in its beauty. There are several basic rules:
- sunny place;
- soil of average fertility;
- moderate but regular watering.
Coreopsis grows best in loose soil, so you should be wise when choosing a place to plant the plant.
There are two ways to grow perennial coreopsis in your summer cottage:
- by sowing seeds;
- growing seedlings.
The main thing is to provide the plant with regular watering, enough light and air. As a result, most of the summer country cottage area will be decorated with bright sunny lights.
Simple ways to grow a flower
To begin planting and caring for perennial coreopsis, you need to know the basic principles of growing this plant. Although it is quite unpretentious and takes root well in the wild, some nuances must be taken into account.
First of all, the choice of location. There should be a lot of light on it, since coreopsis are called children of the sun. Some species can be planted next to tall trees. These include the pink and whorled type of flower. A little shade is not a problem for them. Perennial coreopsis, the photo of which is shown below, wonderfully tolerates mid-latitude winters. Therefore, he does not need additional shelter. 
The next nuance is the composition of the soil. Although the plant is unpretentious, it still needs useful elements and high-quality moisture. Therefore, land that retains water is not suitable for growing a sunny flower. 
A photo of a perennial coreopsis, planted and cared for correctly, evokes unprecedented admiration. Several things will help you achieve this result: simple rules. 
You can grow a flower by sowing seeds directly into open ground or for seedlings. In the first case planting material lowered into the soil in spring or autumn. Since the seeds are frost-resistant, winter is not a hindrance for them.
A plant planted in this way will bloom only after a year. If you don’t want to wait that long, it’s better to use seedlings.
Fans of coreopsis who want to enjoy its beauty this summer use the seedling method. To do this, at the beginning of spring, prepare containers with fertile soil. Then the seeds are laid out on the surface, lightly pressed down with your fingers, covered with sand and sprinkled with water. To create a greenhouse environment, the containers are covered plastic film or glass.
They also practice planting seeds in. When seedlings appear, the strongest shoot is left behind. The rest are cut with nail scissors.
Growing large-flowered coreopsis from seeds is carried out in a well-lit room. The temperature should not be lower than 15°C. Crops are regularly sprayed with a hand sprayer. When the first shoots appear, the glass is removed. During the first 14 days, seedlings are picked. The distance between them is approximately 2 cm. When the greenery reaches 12 cm in height, the flower is planted in pots, and when it takes root, it is planted in open ground.
Some types of coreopsis seedlings suffer from Black Leg disease. The main reason is excess moisture. Therefore, it should be watered sparingly and judiciously.
Before planting a flower on a plot, it is advisable to harden it. To do this, the containers are periodically taken out into the open air. When the threat of frost has passed, the seedlings are planted in open ground at a distance of 60 cm from each other. Using seedlings you can grow almost any type of coreopsis.
In some cases, gardeners also use vegetative propagation of plants. To do this, in mid-autumn it is dug up and divided into several parts. Then they are laid out in holes and covered with earth. Use this method once every 3 years to preserve the decorative appearance of the sunny flower.
Popular types of coreopsis
According to botanists, approximately 100 varieties of this colorful plant are known in the natural environment. Only about 30 are used in gardening. Each of them has its own characteristics, unique beauty and attractiveness. Let's look at the most popular types.
An elegant highlight of the garden
This can be called whorled coreopsis, which is a branched bush 100 cm high and up to 60 cm wide. It is decorated with light green leaves of an oblong shape, reminiscent of needles. The yellow reed petals of the buds are located around a brown core, which gives the plant original look. The maximum size of the inflorescence is approximately 5 cm. The first ones appear in early June. The last ones are in mid-autumn. In its natural environment, this variety of coreopsis is found in the southeastern part of the United States. The flower is propagated using seedlings and sowing seeds in open ground.
This sunny flower feels great in one place for 6 years.
There are several varieties of this flower. For example, coreopsis whorled "Ruby Red" is distinguished by bright red buds with jagged petals. The central part of the flower is orange or red. The narrow leaf blade is glamorously divided in half by a longitudinal vein. The plant is resistant to cold, grows well in partial shade and is unpretentious to the type of soil.
Yellow lights of sun flower
Coreopsis lanceolate got its name from original form leaves. They are collected in small bunches in the basal region of the stem. The color is most often pale green, although there are species with a more saturated color.
Its buds are drooping and semi-double. In diameter - up to 6 cm. Painted in bright yellow (sometimes with burgundy splashes). Inflorescences grow on single shoots 60 cm long in late summer. In nature, the flower grows in the USA, Canada and some areas of Mexico. On japanese islands was introduced as an ornamental crop. Currently widely used in various landscape projects.
A gentle gift for beginning gardeners
Coreopsis grandiflora thrives in any type of soil. In its natural habitat (southeastern United States), it can be seen in open meadows and along roadsides. The flower endures summer heat without losing its delicate beauty. It perfectly tolerates salt and wind of the sea coast. It's grown on city streets, personal plots and even on the roofs of houses, which is very fashionable lately.
Coreopsis grows up to 1 m in height. It has erect branched shoots. The leaf blade is pinnately dissected. The yellow basket-shaped buds consist of reed-shaped tubular petals that appear in mid-summer. To constantly enjoy sunny flower on the site, it is advisable to regularly update the bushes. Experienced gardeners do this every 3 years. By listening to the advice of experts, you can successfully grow these delicate flowers in your summer cottages.
Blooming double coreopsis - video
Gardeners fell in love with coreopsis for the sunny mood that it gives to the flower garden, for its joyful openwork lightness. The plant does not require complex care. However, when growing, it is worth considering some features.
Getting to know the view
Coreopsis tincture is an annual from the numerous genus Coreopsis. Representative of the flora of the American continent, native to Canada, the USA, and northern Brazil. Often colonizes roadsides, flat meadows, field edges and wastelands. Here it is often called Calliopsis.
Among domestic gardeners it is known under the names Parisian Beauty, Lenok, Yellow Daisy, Maiden's Eyes. Grows on different types soils, performs better on dry lungs sandy soils, flavored with humus. Drought resistant. It grows and blooms more abundantly on sunny areas. Tolerates partial shading, but there are fewer flowers, they become slightly smaller.
More than 100 varieties have been cultivated. The height of an adult plant is from 20 cm to 1 m; dwarf forms up to 15 cm high have also been created. It forms a spacious herbaceous bush. The root is fibrous. The stem is erect, thin, branched. Narrow, heavily dissected leaves, tapering from the base to the apex.
Bright flowers are arranged singly or in groups of two or three, each on its own thin peduncle. There is no aroma. The inflorescence is a three- to five-centimeter basket. It consists of reed petals arranged in one row, with teeth and a yellow stripe along the outer edge. The central spot is dark, the size depends on the variety, the color of the middle is dark - red, burgundy, brown-red.
The seed capsule is flattened, shaped like an insect - a bug. It was she who gave the name to the plant: “coreopsis” from Greek - “bug-like”. Many small seeds ripen in the box.
Garden varieties are grown from seeds, usually from seedlings. It also reproduces by self-sowing. In such cases, it emerges before winter, forming low rosettes, or in early spring. The green mass grows quickly. Blooms from late June until frost.
Advantages and differences
The benefits of this plant are:
- unpretentious
- grows on any soil, especially well on dry sandy soils
- loves the sun, but can withstand some shade
- drought-resistant
- very decorative, forms light aerial thickets
- blooms long and profusely
- the color of the flowers is beautiful, evokes associations with sunlight and positive emotions
The distinctive features of coreopsis are:
- the ability to develop and bloom in partial shade, which other species of the Coreopsis genus cannot boast of
- unlike most crops, prefers dry, depleted soils
Agricultural technology and cultivation features
Experienced and novice gardeners note the unpretentiousness of coreopsis. There is only one limiting (determining) factor - good illumination. To speed up flowering, annual coreopsis is grown in seedlings. Small seeds are sown in March or early April. Surface sowing, without embedding.
The container is covered with glass, film or transparent plastic. The greenhouse is ventilated periodically. Grown seedlings are thinned out, leaving 25-30 mm between them, or they are first planted according to a 2x2 cm pattern, and the second time - into separate pots. In May - June, after the end of night frosts, they are planted in the ground at a distance of at least 30 - 40 cm from each other.
Direct sowing of seeds in open ground is carried out in late April - early May. Shoots and then seedlings are also thinned out. If seed pods remain on the plant and ripen, it can spread by self-seeding. In this case, the seedlings are cared for in the same way as in the case of direct sowing.
Planting in the ground and watering
Choose an open sunny place or an area where there is light shade in the afternoon, when summer air most heated. Sandy loam and loose dry soils are preferred. It perfectly develops depleted soils and sharply reduces flowering on heavy and fertile soils. Low-growing varieties are used in border plantings and for decorating terraces and balconies.
Tall ones are placed in separate groups - clumps, planted in the middle part of the flower beds, in the center or in the last high tier. Water moderately, in the absence of precipitation. The plant tolerates temporary drought more easily than excess moisture in the soil. After each watering and periodically between them, loosen the soil. Remove weeds regularly.
Feeding, diseases and pests
Feeding begins two weeks after planting in open ground, when the bush takes root. Aqueous solutions of complex mineral fertilizers are used. Apply small portions, and only on poor soils. An excess leads to a reduction in flowering and active growth of greenery. In this case, flowering cannot be restored.
Video about planting and growing coreopsis:
Coreopsis is susceptible to leaf rust, viral, bacterial or fungal infections. If a disease is detected, as indicated by darkening of the leaves or the appearance of spots, the affected parts are immediately removed. The diseased plant and everything in the flower garden are treated with a fungicide to prevent the spread of infection.
If the rust has covered the entire bush and reached the top, the specimen will have to be sacrificed and removed, otherwise the entire flowerbed will die. More often than other insects, coreopsis is attacked by aphids. To combat it, as well as caterpillars and beetle larvae, use chemicals plant protection – insecticides.
Chemicals are used strictly according to instructions, taking safety precautions.
Good to know:
- The cool, rainy beginning of summer delays the flowering period.
- Coreopsis blooms longer and more abundantly if faded inflorescences are periodically removed.
- Tall bushes need to be loosely tied to the support so that the plant is not broken by the wind.
- The flowers are suitable for bouquets and last a long time when cut.
- In flower beds it is combined with zinnia, gaillardia, and rudbeckia. Good in compositions with tall flowers with long, spiky inflorescences. Suitable for creating solo color accents.
Application and beliefs
Coreopsis inflorescences are used to make natural dyes of red shades and mahogany color. Used for dyeing yarn and textiles. To prepare paints, flowers are removed in the phase of half-opened buds and before they begin to wilt.
Collected in dry weather, after the dew has evaporated. Dry, spread out in one layer, in a dark, ventilated place. In the native lands of coreopsis, there is a belief: if a woman expecting a child cooks and eats a dish from a coreopsis bush, she will definitely have a daughter.
A delicate and very cheerful flower will decorate any garden. A bright place and lightly drained soil are all you need for a blooming sunny cloud of air to delight and improve your mood.
Luxurious perennials will become best choice gardener to decorate his plot. These plants are characterized by unpretentiousness, ease of care and durability. Coreopsis stands out among its motley brethren with its bright baskets perennial planting and care that is a pleasure. Raising an exotic guest on your property will not be difficult, because it reproduces well different ways. You will learn how to place a bright flax in the garden and provide it with proper care from the materials in the article.
Coreopsis: origin, description, photo
The genus Coreopsis is included in the largest flowering family herbaceous plants– Asteraceae (Asteraceae). It has more than 120 species of herbaceous annuals and perennials, the bulk of which come from Central America and the South American tropics. A total of 8 species are considered indigenous to North America, some are found in the tropics of Africa, in Hawaii.
Know! Gardeners loved this luxurious exotic plant with bright flowers so much that they came up with several affectionate nicknames for it: lenok, brown-eyed, Parisian beauty, sunshine in the garden, yellow daisy.
Herbaceous perennials grow from 30 to 120 cm in height, some specimens are classified as subshrubs. To comfortably endure the winter, exotics accumulate a supply of nutrients in a powerful rhizome. Their erect stems are branched and crowned with dense opposite foliage. The plates are varied in shape - pinnately dissected, lanceolate, needle-shaped, linear, palmately divided, broadly oval. A common feature is also the inflorescences in the form of baskets with jagged edges, located on long peduncles. Like other members of the Asteraceae family, the basket consists of two types of flowers - reed and tubular.
The tubular flowers are small, numerous, colored yellow or Brown color. They form a beautiful dense core of the bud. Multi-colored petals, painted in warm colors, are nothing more than reed flowers. They are located along the edges of the bud. Color varies greatly depending on the variety.
The main colors inherent in exotics are yellow, orange, pink, and red. Bicolor petals are often colored in two shades - brown at the base and the main color. That's why exotic is called brown-eyed. The number of petals affects the terryness of the basket and depends on the varietal characteristics. Many species are characterized by repeated flowering, which occurs after a short period of time from the main one.
After wilting, small achenes, similar to insects of the bug species, appear in place of the tubular flowers. They are characterized by good germination, lasting for 3-4 years.
This is interesting! Coreopsis gets its botanical name from the shape of its seeds. Literally from Latin, the name of the flower is translated “bug-like” or “bug-like.”
Types, varieties of coreopsis
Yellow chamomile is beautiful in its diversity. There are annual and perennial species of this plant, but perennials are more popular among gardeners. Let us consider the characteristics of the main perennial representatives of the genus and the most popular varieties. In culture, you can most often find 5 varieties of exotics:
- coreopsis grandiflora – large-flowered;
- coreopsis verticillata – whorled;
- coreopsis rosea – pink;
- coreopsis lanceolata – lanceolate;
- coreopsis auriculata – ear-shaped.
In its native North America, the tall, stately shrub of the large-flowered variety grows in open spaces in harsh desert conditions. The desert climate is treacherous: during the day the sun mercilessly bakes, and at night the air temperature drops to almost zero degrees.
Even poor soil and almost year-round absence of normal atmospheric precipitation don't worry about exotics. For the ability to winter in the central zone without shelter, a high degree of drought resistance and decorative qualities, the unpretentious American is very fond of gardeners.
Important! This species cannot be called durable; if it is not divided once every 2-3 years, then it will not grow in one place and will gradually disappear. The plant easily tolerates frequent transplants.
The short-lived herbaceous perennial has straight, branched stems reaching a height of 0.8-1.0 m in the wild. Cultivated species are somewhat lower and more compact - the height and width of the bush is 45-60 cm. The leaf cover is divided into 2 types - in the upper part of the stem there are pinnately dissected plates, the lower leaves are whole. The decorative period begins in June and lasts until the end of summer. Large single baskets with a diameter of 5-8 cm, opening, attract pollinators. The tubular center is dark yellow, and the petals are a rich golden hue. They are great when cut and last up to 10 days.
The most popular cultivars: Baden Gold with large inflorescences and a bush 70-90 cm high; Mayfield Jant is slightly shorter; Sunburst; "Sunny Bunny"; “Early Dawn” is a compact hybrid 45 cm high, throwing out a peduncle with a single semi-double bud. The central part is painted in dark yellow tones, the edges are slightly lighter.
Remember! Most coreopsis grandiflora cultivars reproduce only vegetatively. Only the Early Dawn variety can be grown by seeds.
The whorled variety got its unusual name for the structure of thin needle-like leaves of a light green hue, collected in whorls. The tall species reaches a height of over 1 meter and tends to occupy large area due to the growth of rhizomes.
In the wild, it lives in light forests along the Mississippi River. Tolerant to drought, poor soils, heat. Loves plenty of sun, but feels quite normal in light partial shade. The strong, rigid stems are highly branched; on the tops there are many yellow baskets with a slightly darker middle. Depending on the variety, the diameter of the buds is 3-5 cm. The corollas open by mid-summer and delight the eye almost until the end of the season. Can grow in one place without division for up to 6 years.
The best hybrids are Moonbeam and Zagreb. Both of them are short (up to 30 cm) and have low growth rates. The Moonbeam variety has pale yellow corollas, while Zagreb has golden corollas. There is a large-flowered form of Grandiflora, which is distinguished by the abundance of baskets on the bushes.
The pink flaxen is similar in appearance to its whorled counterpart. It differs from it in its short stature of 15-30 cm and also likes to occupy a large area, growing up to 70-80 cm in width. Its flowers are small, only 2 cm in diameter with a yellow core and pink petals.
The flowering period falls in mid-summer and lasts until the end of September. Prefers moist soils with moderate levels of organic matter, because in the wild it grows along coastline, in the swamps of North America. He doesn’t have many varieties, the best are “Sweet Dreams” up to 40 cm high with a white border along the edge of bright pink petals; "Heaven's Gate" with bushes up to 30 cm tall and abundant flowering. The petals become pink closer to the middle purple tint; "American Dream" 30-40 cm high with deep pink corollas.
On a note! The pink variety has a low degree of frost resistance, but gardeners highly appreciate its resistance to both drought and short-term waterlogging. It is recommended to cover it with fallen leaves for the winter.
The lanceolate lenok is native to the central region of North America, Mexico. There, medium-sized bushes 50-60 cm high are found along the sides of highways. Pointed lanceolate plates are attached to small petioles. In the upper part of the stem, their number rapidly decreases. From July to mid-September it pleases with its small drooping baskets (3-6 cm) of a golden hue. Varieties:
- Goldfink. A low cultivar 30 cm tall. The corollas are rich yellow;
- Sternthaler. Height up to 60 cm, diameter of bright yellow baskets with a burgundy eye about 6 cm;
- Golden Queen. Height 50-60 cm, golden baskets 6 cm in diameter;
- Little Sandial. Low growing variety with a height of 30 cm. In the center of the yellow buds there is a red-brown eye;
- Rotkelchen. It has bright yellow flowers with a red center. Diameter 4-5 cm;
- Creme Brulle. The height of the cultivar reaches half a meter, the baskets are light yellow.
The auricular coreopsis is native to the southeastern United States. This perennial has a short height of 10-30 cm. Elongated oval leaves 1-6 cm long are located only in the lower part of the stems. There are serrations along the edges of the bright yellow corollas; the corolla is 4-6 cm long. After pruning, repeated flowering is possible. It reproduces vegetatively and by seeds and attracts pollinators to the garden.
From best hybrids tagged: Nana and Zamfir. Nana has dwarf dense bushes that are prone to spreading. Buds of bright orange-yellow color, disk yellow. Flowering is abundant from late spring to early autumn. Zamfir forms low growth with rounded leaves and orange heads. Ideal for borders and container planting.
This is interesting! In the Zamfir variety, young flowers have a grooved surface of the petals. As you age, it smoothes out.
Coreopsis perennial planting
Planting a Parisian beauty on your site is very simple. This can be done in several ways - seedlings, sowing seeds in a flower bed and sowing before winter. You will learn about the cultivation of seedlings in the corresponding section of the article, but for now let’s talk about what conditions the exotic will require for development and lush flowering.
When to plant yellow daisies
The timing of perennial planting depends on several factors. Firstly, zoning is taken into account, and secondly, the available planting material.
If you are going to plant yellow daisies with seeds, then this can be done in spring or autumn. At autumn planting choose the time so that the seedlings do not have time to appear, i.e. there should already be stable frosty weather outside. Even a slight thaw will provoke the growth of the embryo and the tender seedlings will die.
Deadlines spring planting vary in different regions. Thus, in Siberia, the Urals and the central zone, the plant is grown through seedlings, which makes it possible to obtain flowering specimens by the beginning of summer. Seeds are sown in open ground so that they are not damaged by frost. For insurance, you can cover the seedlings with lutrasil or agrofibre. In the south of Russia you can sow in mid-April, in the Moscow region in early May or later, but then the flax will bloom only in the next season.
Important! Remember that planting in open ground is carried out only after the return frosts have subsided. To protect the seedlings of the heat-loving American from sudden weather changes, organize a temporary shelter.
Selecting a location
To plant exotic plants on their site, gardeners often resort to a little trick. The plant is provided with conditions that are as close as possible to the natural habitat of the species in the wild.
Having studied the description of the varieties of the American guest, we can conclude that he will need an open, sunny place where a lot of snow falls in winter. The whorled and pink variety of yellow chamomile can tolerate light shading; other species in the shade will begin to wither and lose their decorative effect. The delicate stems do not like drafts or cold winds, so the best location for the bushes would be a place close to a fence or building. Select the site in such a way that the perennial will grow on it for at least 3-4 years.
The soil
In the wild, lenok lives on poor soils, but this does not mean that in the difficult climate of another country it will feel good on the same type of substrate. Important condition What the exotic plant will require from the gardener is loose, well-drained soil with a moderate degree of moisture and fertility.
Important! Pink coreopsis is suitable for soil of average fertility. On soil rich in organic matter, it will lose its decorative properties, begin to produce many shoots, but will not bloom.
To create exotic suitable conditions, add sand to soil that is too dense, organic matter or mineral fertilizers in poor substrates. The soil can be compacted using chernozem or humus, and at the same time its fertility will increase.
Landing technology
Before planting the Parisian beauty, prepare the area. It is better to dig it up in advance, adding the necessary components to improve the structure and fertility of the land. Prepare small planting holes at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other for low-growing cultivars and 50-60 cm for tall ones. In each hole, organize drainage from crushed stone or broken brick, since the American guest does not tolerate excess moisture in the root system area. After planting, be sure to water the area and mulch it with compost. Provide support for seedlings of tall hybrids.
If you decide to decorate your balcony low-growing species, choose fertile soil of medium density. Be sure to place a drainage layer on the bottom of the container. The distance between specimens is 20-30 cm.
Caring for perennial coreopsis
The American guest will require a minimum of attention from the gardener, because it is drought-resistant and can grow without fertilizing. But to improve its decorative properties, it is recommended to take the following measures:
- observe the irrigation regime;
- carry out timely pruning and removal of faded inflorescences;
- apply organic and mineral fertilizers according to schedule;
- mulch, loosen the soil, remove weeds;
- organize support for tall cultivars;
- if necessary, take care of winter shelter.
Remember! Mulch saves the gardener from frequent watering, prevents the formation of crust on the ground, and inhibits the growth of weeds.
Watering, pruning
High drought resistance is granted to the Parisian beauty by nature. Therefore, irrigation should be rare, only when necessary. So, if the summer turns out to be rainy, then watering the exotic plant will not be required. If the hot, dry weather lasts for a long time, water the flower moderately after the top layer of soil has completely dried. When growing yellow daisies as a potted crop, water them only after the soil has completely dried.
After the first wave of flowering is complete, remove a quarter of the stems. This measure stimulates the growth of additional flower stalks and soon you can expect the appearance of new baskets. To make the bushes look neat, remove faded inflorescences in a timely manner; new ones will not keep you waiting.
Top dressing
In order for the American guest to show himself in all his glory, additional feeding will be required. Fertilizers are applied twice per season. During the budding period or a little earlier, please the seedlings organic fertilizer. Diluted compost is best suited for these purposes. After the first wave of abundant flowering, apply the full mineral complex in accordance with the instructions for use. If the soil on the site is too poor in minerals, fertilizing with a low concentration of potassium-phosphorus complex is allowed in the fall.
Remember! Autumn feeding should not contain nitrogen, which provokes shoot growth.
Loosening and supporting the plant
To improve root respiration, the space around the bush must be loosened. This is done after watering or the day after precipitation. After loosening, the ground around the bush is mulched with humus.
Large specimens of the genus Coreopsis require support, especially if they are planted alone. With crowded planting, the bushes are able to support each other, but the crowding has a bad effect on the microclimate and can lead to the development of putrefactive processes. Before active growth begins, install support. You can make it yourself using a metal-plastic pipe and elastic wire. Bend the pipe section to form a circle or rectangle and secure the ends.
Drill 4 holes around the perimeter and insert metal rods inside. Carefully install the support around the bush by inserting lengths of wire into the ground to the desired level. Such a support will be more durable than a wooden one.
Preparing the plant for winter
In central Russia, yellow daisies winter well without any shelter. If the area around the plantings is strongly blown by the wind, hill up the root collar and sprinkle with a layer of leaves. Before this, you need to remove the entire above-ground part of the bush, leaving 10 cm of stems.
In Siberia and the Urals, it is recommended to approach the organization of winter shelter more responsibly, because a heat-loving guest may not survive too low temperatures. After autumn pruning, mulch the root collar high with humus, throw a layer of spruce branches on top and cover with spunbond. Under a blanket, the plant will comfortably endure the winter cold.
Advice! The less snow falls in winter, the higher the likelihood of rhizomes freezing during extreme weather conditions. low temperatures. Try to create a snowdrift at least half a meter high above the shelter.
Reproduction of coreopsis
Parisian beauty reproduces by seeds and vegetatively. It should be noted that you should not collect seeds from your wards if the package was marked F1. This type of seed is called a first generation hybrid. Its seeds are either sterile or do not inherit varietal characteristics. For propagation of hybrids (especially large-flowered varieties), vegetative methods are preferred - cuttings and dividing the bush.
Dividing the bush
Yellow daisy bushes need to be divided regularly. This is especially true for the large-flowered species. Which requires a transplant every 2-3 years. Other varieties are subjected to vegetative propagation as it grows. Best age for division – 4 years.
A few instructions for dividing will help you correctly propagate perennials on your site:
- The best time for the event is spring, when the soil and air have already warmed up (May). Autumn replanting can be carried out in the south of Russia in early September, so that the plant has time to take root before the onset of cold weather.
- Water the bush generously and carefully remove the rhizome from the ground, trying to cause minimal damage to the lateral roots.
- Clean the rhizome from the soil and cut it sharp knife into several parts. Each division should have 2-3 dormant buds for resumption of growth and a developed root lobe.
- The cuttings need to be planted in a hole with slurry. To do this, the area is first fertilized, dug up, and water is poured into the holes to form a slurry.
- Plant cuttings, compact the soil, and mulch with humus.
- The transplanted specimen is already mature plant, so it will bloom in the same season.
Know! If you need to replant a perennial, you can safely carry out your plans. The plant takes root very easily in a new place, just replant it together with a lump of earth.
By cuttings
When propagated by cuttings, the first flowering will occur only in the next season. In mid-summer, take cuttings from the most developed shoots. Make a cut 10 cm below the internode and remove lower leaves. You can root the cuttings in a loose, fertile substrate. A mixture of humus, sand and garden soil in equal proportions is perfect for these purposes. Fill the container with the substrate and plant the cuttings in it, first soak them in the heteroauxin solution for 5-6 hours.
Place boxes with layering in partial shade; you can place them under bushes. Until complete rooting, irrigate the seedlings frequently, then switch the watering to moderate mode. For the winter, cover the box with a layer of fallen leaves, cover it with spruce branches and cover it with lutrasil. Next spring you can plant young shoots on permanent place and wait for the first buds to appear.
Coreopsis from seeds
Most exotic species reproduce well by seeds. For regions with harsh climates, the seedling method of planting the luxurious American plant is suitable. You will learn the nuances of growing seedlings from this section of the article.
Selection and preparation of seeds for sowing
When choosing seeds, you need to take into account zoning, the possibility of placement on the site, and the desired result. If you want to fill a ridge or decorate a border, choose low-growing cultivars. Tall varieties are suitable for creating a solo composition or the central part of a mixborder.
Carefully study the information on the seed package. Remember that when purchasing hybrid seed, adult bushes are propagated only by vegetative methods. The planting diagram drawn on the packaging will help you in the future to correctly plant the perennial in the flowerbed. Pay attention to the manufacturer, try to choose seeds from large agricultural companies. Such suppliers take care of the health of the seed and carry out preventive disinfection. Large manufacturers They do not allow re-grading, so you are guaranteed to purchase the necessary cultivar.
Important! Pay attention to the expiration date of the seeds. For successful cultivation, it is better to have at least 1-1.5 years before the expiration date.
If you bought seeds, processing is not necessary. For those collected from your own garden, such a measure is necessary. You can protect seedlings from diseases by treating them for half an hour in a solution of potassium permanganate or any fungicide. After processing, rinse the material thoroughly and soak for 6-8 hours in a growth stimulator. Phytohormones activate the embryo, awaken the seed, and facilitate the germination process.
Containers, soil
For sowing, use a regular seedling box or mini-greenhouse. Inside the greenhouse, the seedlings will be provided with the necessary microclimate. Be sure to make holes to drain excess water after watering and root respiration.
The substrate for sowing must be loose and fertile. Mix 2 parts of humus with the same amount of garden soil, add half a portion of sifted sand. This soil mixture will allow you to grow healthy seedlings. Remember that garden soil may contain pest larvae, weed seeds, and fungal spores.
Attention! In order not to lose the seedlings, be sure to heat treat the soil (steaming, calcining) or water the soil with potassium permanganate and Fitosporin.
Sowing seeds
Sowing of seeds is carried out at the end of March according to the following algorithm:
- fill the container with a 1-2 cm layer of drainage - crushed stone, sand, expanded clay;
- fill the container with the treated soil mixture, compact it, water it generously;
- sow the seeds evenly, planting them to a depth of 0.5 cm;
- organize a transparent shelter - film, glass;
- Place the box on a warm, lit windowsill.
Seedling care
At a temperature of 20-22⁰C, seedlings will appear in 2-3 weeks. They will require standard care for flower seedlings.
After germination, remove the cover and slightly reduce the temperature. Provide uniform, intense lighting and keep the soil in the box moist. A slight decrease in temperature will protect the seedlings from stretching. If necessary, install additional lighting. When using a fertile substrate, fertilizing can be applied once, after picking. A complete mineral complex will help seedlings quickly adapt to new conditions and increase green mass.
Picking seedlings
I pick seedlings at the stage of 2-3 true leaves. Transplantation is carried out in separate containers using the same soil mixture that was prepared during sowing. Water the boxes with seedlings generously, remove the seedlings one at a time and place them in a larger container. Add more required amount substrate, compact, water.
When and how to plant seedlings in open ground
Planting seedlings in open ground can be done strictly after the last spring frosts have subsided. By this moment, most of the specimens will have gained color and grown powerful shoots.
Advice! 2-3 weeks before transplanting, harden the seedlings, leaving them in natural conditions for the whole day. This needs to be done gradually.
In Siberia, planting begins no earlier than the first ten days of June, in the middle zone by mid-May, and southerners can plant seedlings as early as the end of April. If the weather suddenly changes its character, first cover the tender seedlings with lutrasil. Transplantation is carried out into the wells in the manner described above. Follow the recommended distance between bushes indicated on the seed package. For tall hybrids 50-60 cm, for short ones 20-30 cm.
Planting perennial coreopsis in open ground with seeds
Seeds can be sown in open ground in such a way that by the time the seedlings emerge, the frosts have already passed. Mid-May for Siberia and the Urals, mid-April for the South of Russia and early May for the Middle Zone. Sow prepared seeds into moistened holes without deepening them. Sprinkle with a thin layer of earth. To speed up germination, throw a film over the hole.
In 2 weeks, friendly shoots will appear. They are thinned out at the stage of development of the third leaf, leaving only strong specimens. Further care the same as for adult plants.
In the South, you can sow seeds before winter, in early November. Planting conditions are similar to those described above. With the arrival of spring, sprouts will hatch, which are then thinned out and cared for as usual.
Pests and diseases of coreopsis
The strong immunity of the exotic in alien climatic conditions made it vulnerable to fungal diseases - fusarium and rust. With fusarium blight, the fungus attacks the leaves, causing them to quickly yellow and die. Rust is characterized by the appearance of reddish-brown spots containing fungal spores. Gradually, the spots grow, interfere with normal photosynthesis, and the leaves die. If there are signs of disease, remove the affected parts and treat the bush with Fitosporin.
Attention! Much worse for the Parisian beauty is infection by plant viruses. In case of stunted growth, deformation of the baskets, or “curly” bushes, immediately remove the diseased individuals and burn them.
Of the pests, the American is only interesting to aphids, beetles and caterpillars. Aphids can be washed off with a soap solution or marigold decoction. If the treatment does not bring results, use insecticides - Karate, Intavir, Iskra. It is recommended to collect beetles and caterpillars by hand and destroy them.
Coreopsis perennial in landscape design
The bright buds of an exotic perennial will give good mood to everyone who decides to plant it in a flowerbed. Landscape designers use tall hybrids to create the background of a mixborder, large flower bed, or alpine slide. They are relevant both in single and group plantings, for decoration in front of the entrance to the site.
The best neighbors for tall cultivars will be irises, sage, delphiniums, and chamomile-like relatives from the Asteraceae family - zinnia, echinacea, and rudbeckia. When cut, yellow-orange elegant bouquets will last for 7-10 days.
Low-growing varieties are ideal for filling ridges, planting in rock gardens, finishing paths and borders. They are grown in small boxes to decorate balconies.
A cheerful guest from America, coreopsis, will grow in a flowerbed even for novice gardeners, because planting and caring for it are simple.
