Wood burning fireplace in the house- This is a good-quality hearth with an open firebox.
It has not only a heating function: among other things, it is a magnificent decoration that harmoniously combines soft home comfort rooms with sophisticated charm.
It is no coincidence that the popularity of such stoves is extremely high.
There is an opinion that to arrange decorative home with your own hands is so difficult that it is virtually impossible. This is debatable. To some extent, a fireplace is a lighter and simplified version of the usual stove. Their main difference lies in the method of heat transfer. So how realistic is it, and how can you install a fireplace in your home yourself? Let's try to solve the problem together.
Operating principle
With working principle wood burning fireplace It's pretty easy to figure out.
Dry wood, when burned, releases a lot of heat, which heats up the brick (stone).
He, in turn, having the ability to remain hot for a long time, shares heat gradually, over a long period of time, supplying the room with it.
The devices look different, but the irreplaceable parts, chimney and firebox, are available in any model. How to make your furnace more efficient?
A good working fireplace, with high efficiency, should be:
- not too deep and wide enough;
- To increase the efficiency factor, special heat shields are added to the design. Their role is played by massive parts that release a large amount of heat when heated:
- The masonry of a fireplace stove for a home is specially made with protrusions and irregularities, which increase the area of the heated surface, and, accordingly, heat transfer.
The depth of its laying is at least half a meter; in a two-story housing this value increases to approximately 0.8 - 1.0 meters.
A convenient and budget-friendly option is made of reinforced concrete.
A hole is dug around the perimeter of the future fireplace, the bottom is measured with a level.
Broken bricks or large stones are placed there, compacted well, then poured. After leveling the resulting layer, the procedure is repeated.
The inner part of the foundation is filled with liquid concrete, the outer part is laid out on a dense, thick mortar. Several such layers are made until about 30 centimeters remain to the top. The layers must lie flat, check with a level.
Then, two layers of bricks are placed on the double clay mortar. There remains about 7 cm to the clean floor - this is the base of the future wood-burning fireplace for the home.
You can make a foundation from autonomous blocks. It is irrational to combine the foundation of the fireplace with the foundation of the house itself, since they have different drafts.
Masonry
So how to build a fireplace yourself? There are different methods for laying stoves; a fireplace stove is actually no different from them. It must be of such quality that a reliable monolithic design, which is provided by dressings of longitudinal and transverse seams.
To do this, use a partial-size brick, and also use the method of alternating different parts of the brick (split and tongue) in the corners of the structure. The seams must have a strictly specified width: 0.5 cm for simple brick and 0.3 cm for fireproof.
Laying a fireplace in the house If this condition is not met, the strength of the masonry suffers, since with strong heating the seams are deformed much more than the brick. To ensure uniformity, a smooth, plastic mortar should be used.
- Red brick has high porosity, which is why it is able to absorb liquid. Therefore, it must be soaked before work.
- The refractory brick is immediately ready for use. To improve adhesion to the solution, it is enough to wash off the dust particles.
You cannot use both ceramic and refractory bricks for dressing seams at the same time: they have different performance characteristics, including expansion coefficient. It is not recommended to place parts of bricks chipped inside the smoke channel, so as not to interfere with the normal passage of gases.
Arches
Arch masonry Covering the opening occupies one of the most important places in the composition of the fireplace.
More on initial stage work, thinking through the design of the fireplace, you can choose the appropriate type for it.
It can be made of whole red brick, with perfectly straight lines and clear seams.
If the masonry is not very successful in appearance, it can be improved with plaster.
Metal and reinforced concrete are not suitable for covering the opening, as they expand greatly when heated, which leads to the destruction of the masonry. Very popular are beam and arched ceilings, which, in addition to functionality, are also very decorative.
Chimney
Wall brick pipe for smoke it should have a width of at least half a brick. In the case where the surface is intended to be plastered, a thickness of one-quarter is acceptable. It is recommended to make chimney channels strictly vertical.
Creating a brick fireplace in your home with your own hands is not difficult if you strictly follow all the recommendations. The laying of the fireplace chimney is the same as that of the fireplace itself. Some difficulties may be caused by laying the pipe where it enters the roofing material.
Usually to ensure fire safety In the attic, a widening of the masonry is made, called cutting. It can also be made from a pre-prepared reinforced concrete slab equipped with a hole for the pipe. It is important to follow the following rules:
Laying above roof level is the most difficult stage of the work. Here, exclusively selected bricks are used, which are placed on cement-clay mortar. The riser is raised above the roof plane by about two layers, after which they begin to lay out the otter. The pipe laying is completed with a neck and head.
A brick pipe can easily be replaced by a round or ceramic one. It is much easier to install such a pipe than to lay it out of brick. But it has a significant drawback - it cools very quickly. If there is a significant gap between kindlings, it will be quite difficult to light the fireplace.
Therefore, such a pipe must be well insulated. The joint between the round section and the brick fireplace masonry is reliably strengthened. Pipe joints must be perfectly sealed.
Finishing
Finishing decorative stone
When making a fireplace for country house You can give free rein to your imagination and make your ideas and dreams come true. When it comes down to it, there is plenty of room for creative ideas to run wild.
The new stove can be finished to your taste, choosing from several existing finishes.
For cladding you can use many different materials.
Ceramic cladding is carried out from the bottom up, from the firebox opening to the required level. Spectacular marble tiles are used to decorate the firebox and fireplace portal.
Plastering
The surface of the fireplace must be prepared for the process. Masonry and cracks are cleared, a metal mesh is attached to inclined surfaces and to all large areas.
Special brackets are used, or it is simply nailed down. All metal elements are protected with a layer of drying oil to avoid corrosion.
First apply a small layer of plaster, no thicker than 0.5 cm. When it dries well, another layer is applied.
It uses a more densely diluted composition or. If necessary, you can apply another layer, a third, but the total thickness of the coating should not be more than one and a half centimeters.
Plasterboard cladding
To give the product a rectangular shape, the fireplace is lined with plasterboard. To do this, first install a rigid frame, which is then finished with plasterboard.
Coloring
It is carried out on a previously plastered surface. To do this, use glue and chalk coloring compounds. If you need a snow-white surface, you can add a little blue to the paint.
Effective heat-resistant materials can be used not only for the hearth, but also for the wall behind it. Often, special ones are ordered to decorate the stove. forged elements or original cast iron products. The grate, the tool stand and the tools themselves - masterfully made products will emphasize the originality and originality of the room.
Care
Despite the fact that the fireplace in your house was made by you conscientiously, it needs attention and care. Only then will he please his owners with reliable and uninterrupted operation. Every fireplace needs regular cleaning.. Even if the furnace operates flawlessly, diagnostics and testing are vital.
This is the only way to avoid unpleasant surprises. After all, when burning a fireplace, during the combustion process, a large amount of soot is formed, which is then deposited in the places where the chimney bends. The design of the chimney provides special windows with doors through which you can control the degree of contamination of the pipe. Constant care and regular diagnostics - and your fireplace will delight you for many years!
It’s hard to imagine a modern country house with a spacious living room without a massive brick fireplace. It gives the room a cozy and beautiful view, and also provides an opportunity to have a pleasant time at friendly get-togethers or a romantic date. An open fire creates an incredible atmosphere of warmth and comfort in which you can relax after a hard day and take a break from problems. Using more detailed drawings and calculations, you can build a fireplace with your own hands from brick.
However, such construction is quite complex and responsible, so it is necessary to take into account the rules of stove masonry, prepare the necessary materials and tools, and also find the optimal drawing or create it yourself.
DIY brick fireplace
When building a brick fireplace, it is extremely important to pay special attention to calculating its parameters. This is due to the fact that it not only performs decorative function, but also used to heat the room. First of all, it is necessary to accurately determine required dimensions combustion hole. IN in this case taken into account:
- The ratio between the rough portal and the size of the room should be approximately 1 to 50. Therefore, if you need to heat a room with an area of 20 square meters. m., then the size of the firebox should be approximately 0.4 sq. m.
- The ratio of the height and width of the firebox should be 2:3. In this case, for a room of 20 square meters. m. optimal size The sides will be 51 by 77 cm.
- The depth of the firebox is also an important indicator. The traction force will depend on it. The depth of the firebox should be in a ratio of 7:10 to the height. Therefore, for such a fireplace this indicator should be about 34 cm. If the indicator is higher, heat loss will increase, and if lower, smoke may penetrate into the room.
- The chimney area should be approximately 10 times smaller than the portal area.
- A podium should be placed in front of the firebox opening, the width of which should be about 50 cm. The side podiums should have a width of no more than 30 cm.
- The transfer sheet must extend beyond the combustion area by a distance of up to 30 cm.
You can learn more about building a mini-brick fireplace with your own hands from the video
Types of brick fireplaces
There are different types of fireplaces that can be installed in country house or at small dacha. First of all, brick fireplaces are divided into wall-mounted and built-in.
Photo of a corner fireplace
Built-in
A special feature of this design is that the fireplace is installed inside load-bearing wall. A chimney is pre-installed inside this wall. This option is quite complex, so it is rarely chosen for self-construction. In addition, the creation of such a fireplace is possible only at the stage of designing a house.
Wall mounted
Most good option For self-made. It can be easily done both in a country house and in a small country house, without having experience in constructing such structures. You can create a wall-mounted fireplace both at the design stage and at any time after building the house. However, if construction of a fireplace is required in an already finished house, you must first create a separate foundation.
Photo of a direct fireplace
Wall-mounted fireplaces can be either straight or corner. The last option is the most compact, so it’s perfect for indoor use. small size. In addition, its construction is much simpler than direct construction, and significantly less material is required.
Preparation for construction
The beginning of any construction is the preparation of a sketch and carrying out calculation work. First, you should draw the future fireplace by hand in relation to the room. You should also carefully draw the location of the firebox, the shape of the portal, chimney and other elements. The dimensions should first be indicated in advance, and then calculations should be made using formulas.
Based on the approximate drawing, you should make detailed drawing. It must indicate the dimensions of all parts, the side section of the building and other elements. Particular attention must be paid to the ordering scheme according to which construction will be carried out. There are many such schemes. Can choose best option or think up your own. You can also use one of the ready-made fireplace drawings, having previously adjusted it taking into account the size and features of the room.
Materials and tools
To build a brick fireplace you can use solid brick, however interior decoration must be performed only with the help of special refractory bricks. This material is characterized by a high level of resistance to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and temperature changes, as well as the effects of chemical components that arise as a result of combustion. In addition, refractory brick heats up slowly and retains heat for a long time.
To prepare the solution, it is recommended to use a special fire-resistant mixture, which can be purchased at hardware store or cook it yourself. The simplest version of the mixture consists of clay and sand. The ratio between the components is calculated empirically. Ready mix should have the consistency of thick sour cream. It is not recommended to use cement for laying a fireplace. It can be added in small proportions to a mixture of clay and sand only during the construction of the base.
To prepare a solution for the base or side walls of the fireplace, you can use any type of sand. For areas that will be constantly exposed to high temperatures, gully or quarry sand should be used. River or sea sand is too smooth and will have insufficient adhesion to the clay. Before preparing the solution, the sand must be sifted and washed.
The clay for the solution should be pre-soaked for a week, stirring daily and adding water if necessary. If you don’t have time to prepare the solution for a long time according to all the rules, it is better to purchase ready-made fireproof mixtures.
To build a fireplace with a closed firebox, you will additionally need metal doors. To ensure that the fire can be seen through them, it is better to choose doors with fire-resistant glass. For a fireplace with an open firebox, doors are not required. You will need a venting and cleaning door, as well as a damper to adjust the draft. For chimney installation it is best to use round pipe. You can choose almost any metal, but the optimal solution is stainless steel.
For exterior finishing can be used decorative plaster, fireproof ceramic tiles, decorative rock. In some cases, you can leave the brick without decorative finishing, if the fireplace fits into the decor of the room. For example, for a loft-style interior.
The construction of a brick fireplace is carried out using the following tools:
- Master OK;
- building level;
- shovel;
- roulette;
- container for mixing the solution;
- Sander;
- plumb line
After preparation necessary tools and materials, as well necessary plans and drawings, you can proceed to the actual construction of the fireplace.
Construction of the foundation
Before building any type of fireplace, it is necessary to build a foundation underneath it. The size of the foundation should exceed the dimensions of the fireplace by approximately 25 cm on each side. The depth of the base depends on the weight of the fireplace and its size. For a medium-sized product, a base depth of 50-60 cm is sufficient.
The first step in building a foundation is digging a hole. After that, the bottom needs to be compacted, and then covered with a mixture of gravel and sand. The next step is to install the formwork. For additional strengthening, a metal grid should be installed inside the formwork. The foundation is filled with a solution made from sand, cement and gravel. The optimal solution The proportion of components is 3:1:4.
The foundation completely hardens within a month. After which it can be covered with a cement-sand mixture, and also a layer of waterproofing can be applied. Construction of the fireplace can begin only after the base has completely hardened.
Fireplace masonry
Particular attention should be paid to laying the first row. According to the rule, it is laid without mortar. The brick must be soaked in water immediately before laying so that it does not absorb moisture from the mortar.
Brick laying scheme
The first row of bricks should be brought to the floor level. The part of the fireplace above the floor must be at least 30 cm before the firebox. After which the ash pan and ash door are installed. The ash pan can be made in the form of a door or a drawer.
After which the fireplace is laid according to a pre-selected pattern. It is best to make flow doors from metal with fire-resistant glass.
Basic principles of fireplace construction
For fireplace masonry, you can use different orders, but any option has general principles:
Corner fireplace
- the first row of bricks should be installed on edge, and the next rows should be installed flat;
- the first two rows are the base;
- bricks should be used without breaks, cracks, chips or other damage;
- if red brick is used for construction, it must first be soaked in water so that it does not absorb moisture from the solution;
- There is no need to soak refractory bricks before construction, just clean them from dirt and wipe them with a damp cloth;
- the thickness of the seam during construction should not be higher than 5 mm;
- if excess mixture appears between the seams, it must be removed before it hardens;
- must be applied moderate amount mixture so that it guarantees reliable adhesion and does not go beyond the boundaries of the brick;
- during construction, a homogeneous solution without lumps should be used;
- the solution cannot be used to coat the inside of the fireplace;
- the optimal time for construction is summer or another warm period;
- The laying should begin from the corners so that it turns out smooth and neat;
- the bottom of the firebox should be at least three bricks from the floor.
For construction, it is necessary to select the optimal scheme, purchase quality materials and prepare a fireproof solution. It is worth paying attention to the external finishing of the product. After all, the fireplace will become a place around which all family members will gather.
IN modern home An open fire can only be found on a stove under a saucepan or in the depths of heating boilers. However, many people want to see a living open flame in their home, so people often think about how to make a fireplace with their own hands.
A little about fireplace designs
The design of a real fireplace is small, so, unlike a stove, it emits less heat. Accordingly, its role in the house is more decorative and aesthetic than practical. However, even decorative fireplace is able to fill the room with warmth. There are also many instructions on this site.
Modern fireplace installations are available with a firebox closed type, so there is convection air heating there.
How an open fireplace works
An open fireplace installation consists of a set of parts:
- firebox (furnace) – the fuel combustion process takes place here;
- portal - serves as a decorative frame for the firebox;
- hearth - the lower part of the firebox;
- grate – supports fuel and promotes the supply of air masses from below;
- ash pit - ash is collected here;
- pre-furnace platform - for sparks and decoration;
- mirrors – the rear heat-reflecting part of the fireplace;
- smoke cornice - prevents air flows from mixing and smoke from penetrating into rooms;
- smoke collector (hailo) – combustion products are collected here;
- smoke neck, chimney;
- damper - closes the chimney from the penetration of cold air currents from the street.
Calculation of the size of the fireplace structure
The development of a future fireplace should involve not only the imagination of the owners, but also strict engineering calculations.
The main quantities that should be derived through engineering calculations are: the size of the fireplace structure; height value; cross section of a fireplace chimney.
To properly lay out a brick fireplace with your own hands, you should consider the following:
- The area of the firebox has a ratio of 1 to 50 to the area of the room in which the fireplace is located.
- Having found out the area of the portal, you should set the height and width. It is correct if they are related in the form of a 2:3 proportion.
- Next, set the depth of the firebox, which is two-thirds of the portal height.
- The podium lying in front of the fireplace should protrude 50 cm for fire safety purposes.
- The back wall in the firebox is made at an angle of 20 - 22 degrees from the vertical.
- The walls on the sides are inclined at 45 - 60 degrees to reflect heat flows.
- The height of the chimney is made half a meter higher than the roof ridge.
- The length of the chimney is 5 meters or more.
To build a fireplace installation yourself, it is better to use a ready-made calculated project.
Where to install a fireplace installation
The fireplace can be built into the wall partition of the house. Typically, such construction is planned at the construction stage.
Another variant - attached structure, which will already require your own space. Corner type fireplaces are convenient for construction in square-shaped rooms.
Materials
The main material when constructing a fireplace structure is brick. A special oven material is used here, available in two types:
Red brick stove elements can withstand temperatures of a thousand degrees. The marking of such material is not selected less than M200, and the dimensions cannot differ from the standard by more than 2 mm. Hitting it with a hammer will make a ringing sound.
Solid fireclay brick elements are used for laying in places in contact with open fire - fireboxes. The dimensions of such bricks may vary.
When examining brick elements, it is worth considering that on their surface planes and in places of splits the color should be uniform, without streaks.
To build a fireplace, the amount of purchased material must exceed the calculated amount by 10%.
Mortars for laying out brick elements for a fireplace are made by mixing clay and sand. To obtain correct solution you'll have to work hard, so it's better to buy it in the store already ready-made composition, which just needs to be prepared according to the instructions.
Foundation arrangement
Since the weight of the finished fireplace is measured in tons, a separate foundation is needed for its construction. For its equipment, an area is selected that will be 20 cm wider than the structure itself.
The flooring of the house needs to be dismantled and a pit dug half a meter deep and the bottom thoroughly cleaned.
A layer of coarse sand fraction 10 cm thick is poured onto the bottom, spilled and compacted. Crushed stone is poured on top. Then the formwork is installed so that the dimensions of the foundation are 5 cm larger than the fireplace ones.
The first layer of cement, sand and crushed stone is poured. A reinforcement frame is placed on top. The second layer of concrete is poured.
After 28 days of concrete curing, a row of brick elements can be laid out. It is covered with a layer of waterproofing, and another layer of brick is placed on top.
Construction of a fireplace
Detailed instructions on how to make a fireplace, in the form of an ordering diagram, must be available. The rows are marked on it and the places where each brick is located are controlled.
Using the same scheme, brick elements are cut using a grinder or using a special stone-cutting machine. Then each element using grinding wheel brought to the required dimensions.
The seams between elements and rows are made strictly identical, 5 mm each. To do this, it is convenient to use wooden slats that lay the rows. When laying out each row, be sure to pay attention to the horizontal and vertical.
Before laying, each brick element is immersed in water until all air bubbles come out of it.
Layout begins with the outermost bricks. After vertical and horizontal alignment, the internal elements are laid out.
Excess solution is immediately removed with a trowel and wiped with a sponge.
The fireplace installation should be put into operation gradually, after complete drying for two weeks.
The photo of the fireplace already exudes a special warmth and comfort, and from the look and operation of a real real installation, everyone will receive unforgettable sensations and emotions.
DIY fireplace photo
Although modern systems There are quite a lot of fireplaces; the brick fireplace remains popular, more about brick. Anyone can lay a fireplace with their own hands; you just need to follow some rules.
Requirements for laying brick fireplaces.
When planning the laying of a fireplace, certain requirements must be met. First of all, the fireplace should not create smoke. Thanks to the fireplace, the air should warm up well. Also, the fireplace must have aesthetic beauty and match the interior.
Before you start building a fireplace, the parameters of the area of the building in which you plan to build the fireplace must be determined. As an example, we can consider calculating the parameters of a veranda or room country house, the area of which is 10, 15 and 20 m, and the height of the room is from 3.3 to 3.5 m. The volume of the room occupies 35, 50, 70 cubic meters. Then the firebox opening will be equal to the given volumes in the ratio 1:50-1:70, so it will be equal to about 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 m². Taking these dimensions into account, the size of the firebox portal will be:
- 0.2 sq. m – 36x45cm,
- 0.3 sq. m – 44x67cm,
- 0.4 sq. m – 52x77cm.
The depth of the fireplace firebox and the height of the portal must be correlated as 1:2-2:3, and during the construction process these dimensions must be taken into account, since their importance is very high. After all, if the depth of the firebox is greater than it should be, there will be a significant decrease in heat transfer, and if the depth is less, this will contribute to smoke. Thus, in this example the depth will be:
- for 0.2 sq. m. 18–24 cm,
- for 0.3 sq. m. 22–30 cm,
- for 0.4 sq. m. 26–35 cm.
The dimensions of the chimney openings of fireplaces are determined by the combustion area, so the dimensions of the chimney opening should be 8-15 times smaller, and this will be:
- 0.02 sq. m;
- 0.03 sq. m;
- 0.04 sq. m.
In the case of building a chimney made of brick, its size will be determined: 14x14 and 14x27.
In order to ensure greater ability of the fireplace to reflect heat, it is necessary to carry out interior design its walls at an angle. Thus, both side walls need to be turned outward, while the back wall should be tilted forward.
In the area above the fireplace insert, a smoke chamber is constructed, and between the firebox and the smoke chamber, a cornice called a “pass” is installed. The vent is an important part of the fireplace, as it is responsible for preventing soot from flying out with sparks, and also provides protection from smoke entering the room.
In order to lay a brick fireplace with your own hands, it is necessary to determine the dimensions that are given to the bricklaying module. With brick dimensions of 6.5x12x25 cm, the seam during laying should be about 0.5 cm in thickness.
In order to calculate the overall dimensions of the fireplace, it is necessary to know exactly its location in terms of the specific room in which it will be installed. The most optimal option for the location of the fireplace is the one in which the location end walls will be inside in the corner. Building a fireplace near a wall facing a wall with windows is undesirable, since if the windows are not sealed enough, a fireplace built in front of them will create drafts.
When the fireplace is heated for a long time, the back walls of the chimney become very hot, which can result in a fire in a house built of wood. Under such conditions, fire prevention measures must be provided.
Brick fireplace drawings.
Then it is necessary to carry out drawings for laying fireplaces, for which a room of 15 square meters is suitable as an example. m. Layout back wall is carried out in half a brick, which will be equal to 12 cm, and the laying out of the side walls must be carried out in one whole brick, i.e. 25 cm. After calculating these dimensions, a layer-by-layer drawing of the entire fireplace masonry is carried out, i.e. the so-called orders are drawn up .
To complete the order, you need to have checkered paper available, since not only a whole brick will be used, but also half a brick and ¾ of a brick.
You need to start from the base, and for originality, the layout of this row can be done edgewise, or flat. When laying out the 2nd row, the bricks are laid flat. There is usually a gap of 25-30 cm between the bottom of the firebox and the floor, which is equal to 2-3 brick rows.
Calculation of required materials.
After the registration of the orders taking into account the pipe is completed, you can proceed to counting the quantity necessary materials. To do this, you need to carry out a piece count of bricks, and all incomplete products should be counted as whole bricks. By the way, for fireplace masonry it is optimal to use solid, stove bricks.
The sand should not contain dust or debris, it should be large, 0.2-1.5 mm. If there is dust and debris in the sand, they must be removed. For this purpose, sand is placed in water and infused, while it is necessary to change the water until it becomes lighter.
When laying out fireplaces, blue (Cambrian) clay is used. If this type of clay is not available, you can resort to using oven clays.
As for cement, you can use ordinary Portland cement, grade 300-400.
The diameter of the crushed stone fractions when making concrete and laying the foundation for the fireplace should be 2-6 cm. It is also necessary to have reinforcing bars in the amount of about 20 pieces with a diameter of 8-10 and a length of about 700 mm.
Laying a brick fireplace with your own hands - instructions.
Laying the foundation of the fireplace.
The construction of a fireplace begins with laying the foundation, therefore, first of all, it is important to correctly determine the dimensions of the foundation for the fireplace being built. It should be noted that the fireplace foundation should not be connected to the foundation of the house. After this, sketches of the fireplace plan are made at the basement level, then it is necessary to combine it with the plan around the perimeter of the chimney and firebox. The width of the foundation must match the width of the front row of the plinth; 4-6 cm must be added to this value.
First, they dig a hole with dimensions exceeding the size of the foundation for the fireplace itself by 10-15 centimeters, with a pit depth of 60 cm. Brick or foam concrete can be used to make the foundation. Then 10-15 cm of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the pit, after which this layer is compacted and the horizontalness of the base is checked.
Directly laying out the fireplace.
Then the installation of the fireplace begins. The first row is laid with an edge, and it is better to lay it on the mortar, adding cement. During the laying process, they must be constantly checked geometric dimensions fireplace using a square. The verticality of the corners must also be maintained using a plumb line and the horizontality of all rows when using a level.
Before laying, the bricks are dipped in water and held until all the bubbles come out. If this action is not performed, the masonry will be fragile. It is better to lay out continuous rows using a trowel or trowel. Laying the firebox and smoke collector must be done by hand.
It is necessary to verify all rows with the orders, marking all rows with chalk or pencil. Then it is necessary to remove the solution that has emerged from the walls of the channels, smoke collector and firebox.
The laying of the curved surface of the vault and smoke collector is carried out by gradually laying bricks, amounting to 6 cm. Next, the portal holes are covered with the help of brick lintels different types, - wedge-shaped, vaulted and arched.
You can finish the fireplace. In the case where the fireplace was laid in a wasteland, the seams must be embroidered. If an unattractive brick was used when laying out the fireplace, or you didn’t like it over time, you can paint it without painting the seams, using 2-3 colors. By the way, here is my story on how to make a corner fireplace with your own hands.
Video.
Fireplaces create a unique atmosphere of comfort and warmth in the room.
Several decades ago, their owners could be wealthy foreigners or very wealthy compatriots. IN last years At dachas, in private houses and apartments of ordinary citizens, such an attractive and extraordinary element of the interior appeared.
Peculiarities
The Russian stove has always been an indispensable attribute in a residential building. Later it was replaced by brick fireplaces. At first glance it may seem that there is no difference between them, but in fact these are devices that have significant differences V operational characteristics(each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages).
A stove is a structure that serves to heat the entire area of a room. The fire in the stove is covered with a damper. By special technology the chimney is complicated. This prevents carbon monoxide from accumulating in the room and contributes to higher heat transfer from stoves compared to fireplaces. The air supply to the stove is controlled by a blower, which is not included in the fireplace design. It also provides fuel savings.
The fireplace does not provide heat large quantities, as is possible when using an oven. It takes much more time to melt and warm up the stove, but a heated stove evenly heats the entire room and the heat in the house remains for 10-15 hours.
A fireplace is a unit that has a more simplified design than a stove. Its hearth is open and the chimney is located above it. By its design, the fireplace ventilates more warm air, which heats it up. A firebox is located in the wall or in an area attached to it. A door or damper is not provided, but instead a large open opening is made. Through it, rays of heat fall on people warming themselves by the fireplace.
Good draft through the chimney provides oxygen access to the room. Air supports combustion of fuel. The smoke collector is designed in such a way that smoke from the firebox immediately enters the chimney without lingering in the room.
To prevent smoke from accumulating in the room, the chimney is made with a large diameter. A fireplace, unlike a stove, can be heated up quickly, but it is necessary to constantly add wood to the fire to maintain heat.
The space that is heated with its help is the place directly in front of the firebox. Unlike a stove, a fireplace consumes much more fuel.
Heat enters the room immediately after the fireplace is lit.
This device is most often installed to create an attractive and unusual atmosphere in the home. The romantic atmosphere in the room with the flickering fire in the firebox is conducive to relaxation and relaxation.
When people do not live in the house, but visit from time to time, then the use of a fireplace is best suited for such cases.
Kinds
Brick fireplaces include three main parts. This is a portal, a chimney and a firebox.
The firebox is a niche for lighting a fire. The portal is the outer part of the fireplace that is decorated various materials(stone, modeling, wood and others). The device through which smoke escapes from the room is called a chimney.
Fireplace structures are distinguished according to the method of their construction - they are open, closed and semi-open. When the firebox and chimney of a brick fireplace are not separated from the wall of the room, but are built into it, then the heating device is called closed.
The chimney and firebox are made recessed into the wall of the room. They are also called closed (English) structures. Their advantage is their size. They are compact and can be installed in very small rooms.
However, the walls in buildings where a fireplace is planned must be made thicker, since their strength decreases.
They are erected immediately with the construction of the building. Their design is taken into account in the general design documentation for residential complex initially.
A structure laid along the wall and bordering it is called a wall or semi-open fireplace. In such designs, the firebox and chimney are not built into the wall. The construction of a semi-open fireplace is possible in a room that was built a long time ago. Its redevelopment will not be required in this case. A wall-mounted fireplace is considered the most common type. He can be same size, full length or taper at the top. It is not connected in any way to the structure of the wall itself.
Fireplace devices located at a distance from the walls of the room are called open (island). They are one of the most unpopular species. The installation of such structures is welcome in large rooms, because their area takes up most of the space of the room where they are installed. Island (open) structures do not touch the wall, the flame is visible from anywhere in the room.
Corner fireplaces are located in the corner of the room, hence their name. With their help, empty corners of rooms are conveniently used and adjacent rooms are heated.
The chimney of corner fireplaces is concentrated in the wall of the room. Display it hollow brick it is forbidden. The open part of the smoke chamber is made of metal. It can be made of iron or concrete. The surface is covered with brick, stone, and plastered.
Fireplaces in which the flame is not fenced off from common area, are called designs with an open firebox. The firebox is made of fireclay brick. It can also be an iron or cast iron opening.
A decorative lattice serves as a barrier (barrier).
The efficiency of such structures is low and they serve more as decoration than as a heating device.
Closed fireplaces, on the contrary, are equipped with heat-resistant glass (a door with glass). It is concentrated between the firebox and the room. At the bottom of the closed firebox there is additional camera under the ash pan. Air is supplied from it into the chamber where combustion occurs. On the fireboxes of this type of fireplace, a mechanism is installed that allows you to control the damper. All the nuances of the design and functioning of the fireplace are skillfully hidden under the cladding. It is made from stone, decorative brick, tile. There may be wooden frames.
Wood-burning brick fireplaces are widely used for installation in dachas. The function they perform is cooking and heating with a water circuit.
Such units are cheaper than stationary ones. Fuel consumption for fireplaces with stove elements is high. However, their advantage is the ability to use thermal energy regardless of external media. For example, electric boilers often do not function due to problems in supplying electricity to holiday villages. There is also no need to supply gas communications (in the case of a gas boiler).
The fireplace stove can be equipped with an oven, which makes it possible to prepare dishes using the same technologies as in Russian stoves.
The stove-fireplace for a bathhouse is equipped with a tank for heating water. Tanks vary in volume and models. The presence of a closed or open portal distinguishes bath designs from other species. Brick fireplaces for baths heat up the room very quickly, and the heat is retained for a long time. At the dacha, you can attach a barbecue to the brick fireplace.
For installation of wood burning brick fireplaces a thorough engineering analysis must be carried out. Particular attention is paid to the location of the chimney.
Style and design
The fireplace in the house is a hearth. It has always symbolized peace and comfort. Therefore, the favorite place for the whole family became the space near the fire.
For a long time, nobles and rich people tried to emphasize the importance of the fireplace. They tried to decorate its façade with precious metals and stones. Over time, fireplace styles and designs emerged. Depending on the design of the heating device and its dimensions, the material for masonry is selected. The cladding is made with red brick or fire-resistant white brick.
You can cover the fireplace with decorative stone. In the room where it is located, design plays an important role. The style of the interior will depend on how all the decorative elements (furniture, curtains, tapestries, carpets, vases and other accessories) are combined with each other.
There are several architectural styles fireplaces. The most famous of them are the following: country and Russian, baroque (rococo) and classicism, empire and modern, high-tech.
The classicism style is characterized by very strict forms and symmetry of lines. The design of a fireplace for a living room should be noble. Painting is often used for decoration. Delicate pastoral figurines often complement the ensemble. A marble fireplace looks very beautiful. Appropriate decorative elements are selected for it. Paintings are placed nearby or stucco molding is made with complex relief patterns. Bronze or gold finishing is possible.
Country style fireplaces are completely opposite to classic designs. Country or “rustic” in translation means rough or chipped. Fireplaces are made from natural materials (roughly processed stones or wood). The feeling of contact with wildlife occurs when looking at an open fireplace hearth. This style is suitable for lovers of natural stone.
The Baroque (Rococo, Renaissance) style reflects magnificent forms. Fireplaces in this style are placed low and covered with marble tiles. Typically, the room where the fireplace is located is decorated with paintings in expensive frames, and heavy flowing curtains and inlaid cornices are also used. Often a mirror with a carved frame is hung above the fireplace.
At the end of the 18th century, the Empire style appeared. He belongs to the royal type. Its main characteristic is dominance over everything. Design objects are distinguished by their monumental forms. Furniture is selected with expensive upholstery, large mirrors are hung on the walls. Fireplaces are decorated with sphinxes and lion heads. Strict symmetry in everything distinguishes Empire from other styles.
Fireplaces in Art Nouveau style are placed slightly elongated. The decor reflects the freshness of ideas and images. Stone and metal are combined into one ensemble. The firebox is made round or given a new unusual shape. Such a fireplace is completely individual and becomes the center of attraction in the home.
High-tech expresses maximalism in the use of space. Furniture with metal and glass inserts. The decor is characterized by restrained forms. This style is considered cold and discreet. Fireplaces are decorated with materials such as granite and marble. Ceramic tiles are also used.
Russian style involves the use of tiles as decoration for the fireplace. Such structures are extremely beautiful, since the tiles have different shape and color. When the fireplace is flooded, a void remains between the brick and the tiled surface using masonry technology. It is filled with sand or crushed brick during installation. As a result of heating, this material gives off heat for a long time. The voids balance the heating temperature of the tile and brick; due to this, fireplaces are not subject to destruction and can serve for many years.
Drawings and diagrams
The most common type is the corner fireplace. It fits organically into the space of even a small room. The chimney and its portal are located in the corner, due to this the room is not cluttered.
The firebox at the corner fireplace can be closed or open, depending on desire.
In order to assemble the fireplace correctly, you first need to make drawings and diagrams of the entire structure, and individual parts. Careful calculations will make it possible to avoid mistakes when laying. First of all, you need to know the size of the country house, make designs for the chimney and firebox, and clarify what material the masonry will be made from. The drawings need to show the fireplace in different projections: top view, side view, straight view.
A well-built fireplace must meet the following characteristics:
- warm up the room;
- have no cracks or defects to avoid smoke;
- its appearance should be combined with the interior of the room.
For example, it is planned to install a fireplace in a room with an area of 20 square meters and a ceiling height of 3.5 meters. The volume of the house will be 70 cubic meters (20x3.5). The ratio of the height of the fireplace and the depth of the firebox is 1/2 or 1/3. Failure to comply with the dimensions and installation of a firebox of increased depth will reduce the heat in the room. When the depth is shallower, there may be smoke. Therefore, adherence to dimensions is the main criterion for successful work.
The smoke openings depend on the area of the firebox. Standard sizes chimney is 14x14 cm. When round shape chimney it can be from 8 to 14 centimeters. The chimney diagram must be worked out to the smallest detail. It is best to make it from brick. The construction of a chimney begins with laying the foundation, then installing rows (slats) to mark the rows of masonry, then mopping (grouting) is done inner surface chimney), the head (upper part of the chimney) and the chimney (cap) are installed.
The most basic and important element in laying a fireplace is the calculation and construction of the foundation. It must be reliable and durable. We must not forget that it is impossible to make the same foundation for the walls and fireplace. These bases must be different, since their weight load is not the same and over time the shrinkage will also be different. After the size of the foundation has been calculated, a plan for the fireplace at the basement level is drawn up. The width of the foundation should be five to seven centimeters greater than the width of the basement row.
After the calculations, they proceed directly to pouring the foundation and laying the fireplace.
Fireplaces with a water heating circuit are very popular. To install them in suburban buildings, they resort to welding machines.
In terms of external characteristics, such a fireplace is similar to a stove on legs with an external exhaust pipe.
The heat exchanger is made at least 5 mm thick. It heats up quickly and ensures heat distribution throughout the room. The fireplace and water supply system are connected to it depending on how the whole heating system in the house. The volume of coolant at which the entire circuit will work efficiently is 55-85 liters. The maximum area that can be heated using a fireplace with a water circuit is 230 cubic meters. Expansion tank set within 7-11% of the total volume of the heating circuit.
The firebox for a metal fireplace is made in two ways. It is made separately from the entire structure. The coil is inserted and then connected to a common fireplace.
The second method is to make the fireplace without a top cover. The fireplace base (jacket) is inserted inside and secured, and then the coil is fixed.
You can regulate the temperature in the fireplace using fuel (increase it or decrease it) and using the ash damper.
If the fireplace insert is located on the same level as the heating radiators, then an additional circulation pump is installed. It helps the movement of cold and hot water and prevents the coil from boiling. Fireplace efficiency when used circulation pump increases significantly. The pump is placed in the basement of the house or utility room.
How to do it yourself?
For anyone who wants to make a fireplace in their home with their own hands, you should use the laying instructions. The construction of such a structure must be carried out on a prepared foundation.
At the very beginning, a hole is prepared for pouring the foundation, it should be 15-20 centimeters wider than the foundation. Its depth should not be less than 50 centimeters. The foundation can be made from either concrete or brick. 10-12 cm of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom and compacted. Afterwards, formwork is made from wood and placed on the base. Next, pour the foundation and wait for it to dry. Use a level to check the corners and smooth out any unevenness, leveling the horizontal surface.
The poured foundation is left for 5-7 days for reliable fixation. The finished foundation should be 7-8 centimeters below floor level.
